Sustainable Development Strategies

ETLS-677

University of St. Thomas Path to Sustainable Development

Systems Engineering Department University of Saint Thomas, Saint Paul, MN

Beka Megersa Joseph McCullough Summer 2013

Table of Contents Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 2 USTs Path to Sustainable Development ................................................................................. 4

Environmental Quality: ....................................................................................................................... 5 Social Equity: ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Economic Prosperity: ........................................................................................................................... 8

Improvements on the Sustainable Development (SD) Triangle .......................................... 10 Environmental Justice Issues ................................................................................................. 14 Policies at the University......................................................................................................... 15 ISO 14001 and its Applications at UST ................................................................................. 16 Acquisitions/Divestiture .......................................................................................................... 18 Environmental Disclosure Brochure ..................................................................................... 19 Applicable Environmental Tools ........................................................................................... 20 University Culture ................................................................................................................... 21 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................ 22

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Introduction The University of St. Thomas was founded in 1885 in St. Paul, MN by Archbishop John Ireland. The university is a private, Catholic, liberal arts university based in the Twin Cities of St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota. St. Thomas is one of the largest and oldest Catholic colleges or universities in the United States. The university offers bachelors degrees in more than 90 major and 60 minor fields of study and more than 60 graduate degree programs in seven academic divisions. According to the universitys website, by fall 2012, there were 6,336 undergraduate and 3,980 graduate students. Out of this population, students of color comprised of 14% in the undergraduate arena, and 14.8% in the graduate level. The student-faculty ratio is 14:1, where the average class is about 21 students for the undergraduates and 19 for graduates. (About UST, 2010) The university is ranked 115th in the National Universities category of the 2012 Americas Best Colleges survey, an improvement from No. 124 a year ago. With an annual budget of more than $200 million, and an endowment fund totaling more than $400 million (as of June 2012), the university is the largest private university in Minnesota. The 78-acre St. Paul campus consists of the original 45-acre campus (1885), five acres of adjacent properties and 28 acres of the Saint Paul Seminary campus that was transferred in a 1987 affiliation between St. Thomas and the seminary. The Minneapolis campus covers about three city blocks, and was opened in 1992. Owatonna, Minn., is home to the Gainey Conference Center (1981) and 160 acres of riverside grounds; and the Bernardi Campus (2000), in Rome, Italy, is a 20,000-sq.-ft. building which hosts study abroad programs. The St. Thomas libraries (including the law library) contain 730,000 volumes, 95,000 electronic books, 40,000 electronic and print journals and 230 electronic databases, in addition to many services available to online users. The university is making sure that its legacy is a sustainable one. For example, St. Thomas is a member of the EPAs Green Power Partnership and was named the 2011-2012 Individual Conference Champion in its College and University Green Power Challenge. As of 2013, 82% of the totally electricity used on both the St. Paul and Minneapolis campuses comes from alternative wind-source power purchased from Xcel energy1. In the past two years, the Campus Sustainability Fund has awarded over $90,000 to eight UST community projects. In addition, to encourage the use of alternative transportation on campus, the university sponsors
1

http://www.epa.gov/greenpower/toplists/top20ed.htm

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HourCar, a local car sharing program in which hybrid cars are purchased and placed on campus for student and community use. There are green student organizations on campus and include the UST Green Team, Engineers for a Sustainable World, and BEAST-Bicycle Enthusiasts at St. Thomas. The universitys Career Center sponsors monthly workshops on green jobs. As more and more concern has been shown about the impact humans have on the environment, the university has taken notice and made it a priority to educate students who take sustainability seriously. By doing so the university has integrated sustainability into their mission.

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USTs Path to Sustainable Development Before it's too late, we need to make courageous choices that will recreate a strong alliance between man and Earth. We need a decisive 'yes' to care for creation and a strong commitment to reverse those trends that risk making the situation of decay irreversible.
Pope Benedict XVI, Homily, Loreto, Italy, 1 Sept 07

This Statement by former Pope Benedict XVI was issued as the Catholic Churchs acknowledgement of the destructive relationship between humans and the earth and a call to a commitment to fixing the mistakes that have lead us to the point we are today. As a Catholic University, St. Thomas shares the values of the Catholic Church. Their mission statement is as follows: Inspired by Catholic intellectual tradition, the University of St. Thomas educates students to be morally responsible leaders who think critically, act wisely and work skillfully to advance the common good. With the mission statement in mind, the University has adopted the ideas of the Sustainability Triangle: Environmental Quality, Social Equity and Economic Prosperity. Each section of the triangles is in accordance with the Catholic Church, and thus, St. Thomas.
Environmental Quality

Social Equity

Economic Prosperity

The university strives to operate with environmental quality in mind. This will be noted in great detail in the following observation of the SD triangle with respect to the university.

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Environmental Quality: The former university president, Father Dennis Dease, together with other university presidents across the nation, signed the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment in 2008. (Winterer, 2012) The University of Saint Thomas, along with other concerned university, strives to teach about the effects of global warming on our planet while trying to minimize their carbon footprints. In order to progress towards a carbon neutral campus, St. Thomas put into effect The Climate action Plan in 2008. According to this plan, St. Thomas will become a carbon neutral campus by 2035 (St. Thomas has gone with the wind, 2013, p. 9) .Within the plan, the university actively participates in the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED): The Anderson Student Center (which is the newest building on campus) received a LEED score of 43 which awarded them LEED gold certification. The Anderson Recreation Center which was built only a year earlier also boasts many energy saving features. In addition, the university effectively purchases wind powered energy from Xcel Energy. The university has been serious about its physical environment, whereby it is continually making improvements on the air quality both on the inside and outside of buildings. According to the Princeton Review, 90% of the buildings on campus have undergone energy-related retrofits. (The Princeton Review, 2013) In addition, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has named the university the 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 conference champion for using more green power than any other college or university in its College and University Green Power Challenge. (St. Thomas has gone with the wind, 2013) (The Princeton Review, 2013) Regarding the sustainable use of renewable energy resources (an element of eco-efficiency), 82% of the electrical power used by the university comes from wind energy. The total kilowatt- hour of wind-generated power used by the university last year was equivalent to "reducing nearly 57 million pounds of carbon dioxide. That's equivalent to taking 5,380 passenger vehicles off the road." (St. Thomas has gone with the wind, 2013) The universitys administration and board are active in promoting the use of renewable energy resources, which resulted in higher air quality around campus. In addition, setting a clear objective (carbon-free campus by 2035) and signing the American College & University Presidents' Climate Commitment (ACUPCC) are a few of the strategies and approaches that the university's top management has undertaken. To encourage the use of 'greener' transportation on campus, the university sponsors HourCar, a
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local car-sharing program in which hybrid cars are placed on campus for student and community use as well as pursed ways to offer affordable public transportation to students and rent out bikes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035, UST needs to cut or offset the equivalent of 2,410 tonnes of CO2 per year for 25 years (Climate Action Plan , May 2010). Most of the costs will be funded by available grants and low interest loans. Actions plans have been set in place by the university if scenarios occur where the university is not meeting their reduction goal. Many of the action plans include investing money into the UST Campus Sustainability fund which would otherwise go towards purchasing offsets. This fund would pay for carbon abatement projects proposed by members of the UST community. One project that has resulted from this fund is the building of solar panels on top of Brady residence hall which powers most of the building. The university is also effective in its waste management. Many items like batteries, books, food waste, magazines, etc are recycled. Recycling containers are used to dispose of the recyclables. Students, faculty and staff are all active in the recycling program. (Douglas, 2012) The former greenhouse manager, Steve Trost, started to grow between 12,000 and 15,000 annuals in campus greenhouses each year. (University History, 2010). All of the plant life at St. Thomas originated from one of the two greenhouses located on the St. Paul Campus. A very useful five-year comparison table is shown below. It shows how, through the years the university has improved in its reduction of carbon footprint.
Year 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 Net emissions (metric tonnes) 50,321.3 52,048.7 52,472.4 52991.5 62,943.8
Table 1: Annual CO2 emissions summary at the university (Environmental Assessment, 2012)

According to the university's recent newsroom report, as of July 3, 2013, the EPA has named the UST to top-20 list of US colleges and universities that purchase and make use of renewable energy resources. This is a very good improvement for the university community as well as the environment. At the No. 20 spot, the university is the only one in the state of Minnesota to make the list, with 82% of the total annual use attributed to wind-generated electricity. (Newsroom, 2013)

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Social Equity: There is no 'glass ceiling' at the university nowadays. In fact, for the first time in its 128year history, the university's Board of Trustees has elected Dr. Julie Sullivan as its 15th president. She will be the first lay person and first female to become a president of the university. The following table summarizes student enrollment demographics at the university.

Category Men Women Minority Religion International

% Undergrad. 50 50 10.4 53 2

Grad. 48 52 10.1 33 4.3

Table 2: Current student demographics at the university

The university has a service which is known as Student Diversity and Inclusion. The purpose is "to enhance the campus climate for diversity through programs and initiatives aimed at undergraduate students." The dedicated websites also states that the program falls on four pillars: education, leadership, advocacy, and community. (Student Diversity and Inclusion Services, 2012) One of the services that the university provides under the inclusion program is that it offers a five-week academic and co-curricular orientation program for students who are traditionally underrepresented in higher education (including students of color, refugees, and permanent residents). This program is usually executed in summer for incoming first-year students. The program, which is known as REAL (which stands for Reaching Excellence in Academics and Leadership) selects a group of 15 students and acquaints them with campus life, like resources and services, college-level coursework, etc. The program has served 247 students in its 15-year history (1998-2008 cohorts), and 75% of those students had gone on to graduate. The university also works to make its education as affordable as possible. While the initial price of tuition sits around $35,000, the university offers Gift aid as a combination of University grants as well as government grants. This gift based aid can cover anywhere from a

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quart to one half off the total cost of attendance based on ones income and academic merit. The university offers financial aid to 95% of students.2 In addition, the university encourages students to be involved in green student organizations. For example, UST Green Team, Engineers for Sustainable World, and Bicycle Enthusiasts at St. Thomas (B.E.A.S.T.). Also the university ensures that students are prepared to pursue green efforts after graduation, while the Career Center sponsors monthly workshops on green jobs. (The Princeton Review, 2013, p. 160) St. Thomas paints itself as being one of the safest universities to attend. Using technology at its core and with the help of the student community and employees alike, the Department of Public Safety at the university promotes a safe and peaceful environment to all stakeholders at both the Minneapolis and Saint Paul campuses. Whenever there is an alert of some sort, the department uses an SMS system to text students, faculty and employee who are enrolled in the system. The university follows a wage system that is made up of 8 pay grades. The appropriate pay rate for a position is determined through the market benchmarking process. In this process, the responsibilities of the position at St. Thomas are compared with jobs with comparable responsibilities in the market. The average market rate is calculated with a minimum of three matches in the market that are statistically valid. The minimum pay for non-exempt personnel is $10.05/hr, which is greater than the federal minimum wage, and also better than most organizations. (Resources, 2012)

Economic Prosperity: By going 'green', the university is at the same time saving money, and putting the extra money in different areas. For example, the Anderson Facility, which received a Gold medal for its LEED certification, will use renewable energy resources to generate 100% of its electrical power for the next three years. In the mean time, it is conserving 42.5% of water consumption. Half of the open space is vegetated. The facility is projected to have a 100-year life span, meaning payback for new technology is within three years and the rest is saving only. Economic prosperity doesn't necessarily mean the income of cash, but also its savings. If air quality is at the

http://www.stthomas.edu/financialaid/undergraduate/cost/

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top of the game, then the number of students, faculty and employees going to hospitals because of air contamination decreases, which also decreases the premiums paid to insurances and hospital visitations. As for the longevity of the university, the university was created in 1885 and has since grown. Much of the financial support comes from tuition, grants and Alumni donations. The university plans on continual investment in sustainable practices and energy efficiency with confidence that it will last for many years to come. Institutions like universities can last for centuries. The Catholic Church has a history measured in millennia. There is every reason to believe that the University of Saint Thomas will thrive for hundreds of years. While politicians focus on the next election and businesses focus on the next fiscal year, our vision should not be limited to concerns of the moment. We have the responsibility to consider the long-term benefits of campus sustainability. Early investments have a 3-5 year payback time, but we have the responsibility to consider projects with longer payback times as well.

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Improvements on the Sustainable Development (SD) Triangle St. Thomas has set a very ambitious goal to become carbon neutral by 2035. They plan to do so by decreasing their greenhouse gas emissions by about 2,400 metric tonnes a year until they reach carbon neutrality.

Figure 1: Climate Action Plan Emission Reduction vs. Time (Climate Action Plan, 2010)

While the university has been successful in purchasing offsets in order to decrease their net emissions, they will find it difficult to reduce the amount of emission they produce. Since constructing the two new Anderson buildings, energy consumption has gone up with added space and use of facilities. The university must focus on energy efficient design and renovations in the future in order to reach their goals.
Total greenohouse gass emmisions in Metric Tonnes

70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 Figure 2: Emission vs. Time comparison
Year

Target emission reduction Emissions without offset Net Emissions

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The university has published their greenhouse gas emission audit reports on their sustainability website from 2006 to current (Audits from 2012 not yet available). The audits show that the university only started to purchase offsets in 2008. Figure 2 shows the universitys actual emission compared to its goals. The net emissions have decreased but only with the help of the ramping amount of offsets the university has purchased since 2008. The emissions have been inconstant and have even increased since the completion of the two new Anderson facilities. In order to curtail these emissions to see some change without the offsets, the university must look at ways of decreasing the amount of emissions they put out sans the offsets. The university has come up with a way to measure all energy use plus emissions. In their audit reports they call it eCO2. This accounts for energy consumption, C02, CH4, and N2O. From Table 2 and Figure 3 we can see that C02 by far plays the largest role in total emissions (eCO2). These numbers are taken from the 2011 audit.

Energy Consumption UST Emmisions 492.8

CO2

CH4

N2O

eCO2 (Total Metric Tones) 61,547.4

61,049.5

3.8

1.3

Table 3: Emissions broken down by types

UST Emmisions
Energy Consumption 1% Other 0% CH4 0%

CO2 99%

N2O 0%

Energy Consumption

CO2

CH4

N2O

Figure 3: Visual of emissions proportional to total

From this information it would be wise to look at what aspects of the universitys operations contribute to the carbon emissions.
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CO2 Emmisions
9%
17% 3%
Purchased Electricity Other On-Campus Stationary Purchased Steam/Chilled Water Faculty/Staff Commuting Student Commuting

49%
3% 19%

Figure 4: Percent of operations contributing to CO2 Emissions

Figure 4 shows that the three greatest contributors to CO2 are purchased electricity, on campusstationary sources, and student commuting, respectively. The university will start to see a decrease in the purchased electricity if they can focus funds on investing in energy saving technologies such as refitted light lighting and HVAC systems. As they look to update older buildings such as Ireland Hall, Grace Hall and Cretin Hall, The university can really increase the efficiency of those building and focus on sustainable building design that follow LEED standards that utilize electricity efficiently. On-campus stationaries are any sources that utilize fossil fuels or refrigerants. This includes all grounds vehicles, HVAC, food service refrigerants, etc. The university can tackle this area by making an inventory of all the stationaries on campus and figure out where the fat can be trimmed. One way that St. Thomas students are getting involved is by researching ways to supply energy to St Thomas electric vehicles and other electrically powered stationaries. Engineers for a sustainable world are currently working on a coal-gasifier and looking into ways of creating energy from tree trimmings and other compostable material. The university can cut down on student commuting by offering services that educate students on their impact of commuting as well as offering services and incentives to keep students near campus. One way to educate students is to offer a cost benefit analysis of driving vs. biking/carpooling that is widely available to students. It can be given as a tool to all student groups concerned with sustainability as well as groups that deal with commuting students. A way to keep students around campus are to offer incentives to students who eat at on campus diner
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facilities vs. off campus restaurants. A reward program could be established. Finally, the university could work on improving their live streaming of classes so that students who have a long commute dont have to physically attend their classes but rather can watch them from their a remote location. Mark Vanguard, vice president for business affairs, chief financial officer and senior sustainability committee member commented goals of the universities efforts on sustainability. The universities sustainability focus are been primarily on environmental projects. The sustainability committee is unaware of the concept of balancing the environment with economic prosperity and social equity. The environmental impact may be the biggest area to tackle, however, it would benefit the universitys sustainability commit to start to think of all of its operations in terms of the sustainability triangle. As more connections are made between the universities way of doing business and in its education, new ways of thinking about how to create a sustainable culture will emerge. It will take this systems thinking to transform sustainability from one separate piece of the puzzle to an aspect that can be seen in every piece. If the university succeeds in this they will be better able to identify areas of improvement without hampering the way they go about other operations within the university.

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Environmental Justice Issues We can safely say that the university has no environmental justice issues. This is due to the fact that the administration has always been on top of concerns from students and staff alike. According to Mark Vangsgard (UST's Chief Financial Officer), great effort has been done to listen to any issues in the past and respond accordingly. In addition, he points out that there have never been any incidents that involved the community that had impacted the university's image in a negative way.

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Policies at the University The university has many policies regarding its students, employees and work ethics. They include human resource policies, student policies, financial aid policies, etc, but there doesn't seem to be any policy with regards to sustainability. One policy, the Employee Suggestion Awards Policy, which is found under the Human Resources Policies tab on the website, may be categorized under the social equity part of the sustainability triangle. (Policies and Compliance, 2010) In addition, the Equal Employment Opportunity policy and the Hate Crimes and Biasmotivated Incidents policy can also be categorized under the social equity portion. The university is also active in promoting student groups in different 'green' clubs. In addition, management seems to be on par in fulfilling the Climate Action Plan the previous president signed in 2008. Still, the university needs policies in regards to sustainability. Some of the suggested policies are i) RideShare policy - Where students help in reducing carbon footprint by sharing rides ii) Bookstore - Buy the books from publishers that recycle paper iii) Cleaning Purchase detergents, janitorial equipment from companies like 3M, which thrive to make the environment safer by limiting their GHG emissions iv) New energy efficient buildings According to the Princeton's review, the university doesn't require new buildings to necessarily be LEED certified. A policy should be in place to make sure that new construction makes use of the latest technology to save the environment. In addition the UST has to employ a sustainability officer. v) Energy usage policy UST has to be able to conserve energy. Systems should be placed in buildings whereby lights are automatically turned off when not in use.

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ISO 14001 and its Applications at UST ISO 14001 is a type of Environmental Management System. An Environmental management system is a top down approach to formalizing a companys culture and systematic approach to environmental interactions. This system could be a combinations of internal (procedures and practices) and external (policy and customer demands) which provide ways of managing a companys interaction with the environment. ISO stands for International Organization of Standards. ISO is the worlds largest developer of voluntary International Standards. International Standards give state of the art specifications for products, services and good practice, helping to make industry more efficient and effective. Developed through global consensus, they help to break down barriers to international trade (About ISO 14001). With that in mind, it would be wise for St. Thomas to consider the International standard and try to take the relevant concepts and integrate it with their own efforts to become sustainable (see climate action plan3). Some of the standards proposed by ISO 14001 include: Controlled environmental aspects and impacts Reduced energy consumption in waste handling, transport and disposal Reduced insurance rates Any information is properly documented, communicated and retained (Benefits of ISO 14001, 2013) Increases competitiveness Monetary savings, which may lead to decreasing tuition fees and attract more students Improved relationships with government regulatory bodies Improve the safety of the university body as a whole Provides clear measures that would simplify auditing of operations Provide a system for continuous improvement while trying to reach zero emission goal by 2035 The cost of becoming ISO 14001certified would be around $40,000-$100,000 plus an additional $40,000 for software, $60,000 in labor cost of an annual cost for the audits. (ISO 14001 Certification: Are you ready?). The cost of becoming ISO 14001 certified may end up costing more money than it saves. Perhaps the greatest take away for UST would be to implement an independent top-down environmental policy (which they have already outlined in

http://www.stthomas.edu/media/sustainability/pdf/Climate_Action_Plan_.pdf

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their climate action plan) and create an internal self audit program in order to insure that the policy is being executed. This will essentially insure that the entire university is on the same page and that all departments are in compliance with the universities action plan.

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Acquisitions/Divestiture The university has very limited physical space in order for it to expand. Hence management has made it its mission to tear down and rebuild older university buildings along the Summit/Grand avenue block, and fit them with the latest technologies with sustainability and energy efficiency in mind. According to Mr. Vangsgard, due to the limited lab space for the engineering department, the university is in the works to raise fund to build a bigger and advanced lab for the engineering department and another building for the performing and visual arts division. Besides this, there are no acquisitions or divestiture issues at the university.

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Environmental Disclosure Brochure The university has organized all of the information pertaining to their efforts to become sustainable on their school website. All of the information is organized under their sustainability page. This page is rich with information with links to their Climate Action Plan, Campus Sustainability Fund, projects, and the environmental assessment audits. While the page hails many useful resources and ways to boast the universitys pass accomplishments and current endeavors, it does little to weight the positives against the negatives. With the exception to the audit, the webpage is not able to provide information on the amount of waste the university produces all in one spot. One link leads to the recycling efforts, the other leads to eCO2 emissions. A way to improve the transparency of the universitys operations and waste would be to add a tab to the main sustainability page which would then lead to a centralized waste reduction efforts page that highlights everything waste related. This would include the amount of waste thrown away, amount of material recycled, current companies that carry out our recycling, what we are composting around campus, a catalog of all equipment that has potential to emit greenhouse gases, and a way to track which buildings are using the most energy at one point in time. That way a student or faculty member could look to this page and get an idea of how they could personally contribute to waste reduction and decrease greenhouse emissions. This tab would be comprehensive and would require enhanced maintenance. This could open ways for new jobs to form where its sole purpose is to monitor and manage the universities efforts on sustainability. The current mindset could move from committee contemplation to concrete action once clear ideas are outlined. The payoff would be that the university has a more visible way for the greater community to help hold St. Thomas accountable as well as help the university organize itself to become more systems oriented rather than looking at sustainability in isolated problems. If all waste in every form were accounted for from every reach of the university, better efforts could be made on the universitys part to reduce the waste all while keeping their efforts up to date, visible and easy to access.

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Applicable Environmental Tools The university loosely operates on a continual improvement process towards sustainability. As the university addresses its impact on the environment, management is willing to spend money to update systems so that they become more efficient. The Anderson Student Center, which is the newest building on campus, qualified for LEED Gold by meeting certain environmental requirements. As the university takes on more renovation and improvements to operations, they are willing to buy into the newest energy saving methods. The best tool the university could adapt would be a systems thinking approach. Rather than looking at energy savings here and their where they can, they should focus on the university as a whole and figure out ways in which the entire universitys energy system can be monitored and managed. That would require major renovating and would take a few years to complete but the benefits would include being able to observe and manage where energy and emissions are coming from at any point in time. This would allow for the university to set better sights and see the entire system as a whole, even expanding outside the campus into the surrounding community.

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University Culture The university has a culture that can be a good example for a higher education institution. A sustainability committee that is comprised of students and faculty meets every month to discuss environmental issues and how to implement sustainable development tools. They make year round analysis of the stage of the university when compared against the Climate Action Plan, and discuss on incorporating new ways that help to reduce the carbon footprints in campus. Parking Facility issues metro-bus passes for students and employees alike so that they minimize GHG emissions in the neighborhood. The committee in its website encourages the UST community to contact members of the sustainability committee for suggestions, comments, and expertise. (Sustainability, 2012). The biggest challenge the university faces is getting sustainability to be a major priority for all faculty, staff and students. While there is a major effort within the university to move towards sustainable development, it is still not a unanimous vision throughout all departments and among the student body. This can be improved by finding new avenues to present sustainability in a way that educates students and integrates with their way in which they think about the school. The obvious departments, such as the sciences and certain business programs, educate students to think about sustainability. Reaching other departments and having interdisciplinary seminars and discussions about sustainability may prove fruitful in expanding the entire student and faculty body to make sustainability a high priority.

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Bibliography
About I.S.O. (2013). Retrieved from I.S.O.: http://www.iso.org/iso/home/about.htm About UST. (2010). Retrieved from University of St Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/aboutust/mission/ Benefits of ISO 14001. (2013, July 15). Retrieved from Smithers Quality Assessments: http://www.smithersregistrar.com/iso14001/page-benefits-iso14001.shtml Climate Action Plan. (2010). St. Paul: http://www.stthomas.edu/media/sustainability/pdf/Climate_Action_Plan_.pdf. Douglas, R. J. (2012). Recycling Program. Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/recycle/how/ Environmental Assessment. (2012). Retrieved from University of St. Thomas - Sustainability: http://www.stthomas.edu/sustainability/assessment/ (2013). Guide to 322 Green Colleges. Framingham: TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. Hale, G. J., & Hemenway, C. G. (2013, July 27). ISO 14001 Certification: Are You Ready? Retrieved from Quality Digest: http://www.qualitydigest.com/jul/iso14k1.html Newsroom, S. T. (2013, July 29). EPA names UST to top-20 list . Retrieved from University of St. Thomas Newsroom: http://www.stthomas.edu/news/2013/07/29/epa-names-ust-to-top-20-list-ofu-s-colleges-and-universities-that-purchase-green-power/ Policies and Compliance. (2010). Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/administration/policies/ Resources, H. (2012). Compensation Pages. Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/hr/rewardsandrecognition/compensation/ St. Thomas has gone with the wind. (2013). University of St. Thomas Magazine, 9. Sustainability. (2012). Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/sustainability/committee/ (2013). The Princeton Review. In Guide to 322 Green Colleges (p. 160). TPR Education IP Holdings, LLC. Thomas, U. o. (2010). University History. Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/aboutust/history/ Thomas, U. o. (2012). Student Diversity and Inclusion Services. Retrieved from University of St. Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/studentdiversity/mission/ Winterer, J. (2012, July 30). Newsroom. Retrieved from University of Saint Thomas: http://www.stthomas.edu/news/2012/07/30/anderson-student-center-wins-leed-gold-from-greenbuilding-council/

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