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L1 interference
spontaneous production
controlled production
Students are careless they know, they just dont care But everyone goes through these stages
Improvisation
consolidation
Producing spontaneously
OR
to eliminate errors
OR
Instructions facilitate learning Noticing and recognizing facilitate learning Awareness of personal Inter Language (IL) facilitates learning
Instructions facilitate learning Noticing and recognizing facilitate learning Awareness of personal Inter Language (IL) facilitate learning
Teachers:
Make the target language item salient
This is true not only for grammar but also for lexis patterns, collocations, relationships between words
Learners:
Find things out for themselves
Begin to develop systems without even being aware they are doing so
Teachers:
cannot directly affect this encouraging learners to analyze and look for patterns.
1. Recognition
2. System building 3. Exploration
1. Learning new words and patterns 2. Making better use of the language they already have 3. Generalizing from what they know to what they dont know 4. Using alternative means of achieving a given end (body language, synonyms, intonation)
BUT
We need to get meanings across in a way that can be readily and easily processed by a listener. - We need to have a form of English which can be readily processed by a wide range of other users, an internationally negotiable meaning system - We use English to present ourselves and are judged on the basis of the language we use and the way we use it.
OR
Accuracy
Producing spontaneously
Improvisation
consolidation
themselves.