Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 1 = ________________________________________________________________________

Editor's Note: This article was submitted to Infosystem Mongolei in June 1995. The glossae were originally given in Chinese which were then replaced by English glossae. These are not translations of the Chinese glossae but were directly translated from Turkish and Mongolian. An index for each language (Turkish, Mongolian, English) was added so that every desired word can be looked up quickly. Considering the distribution channels for this text, a transliteration for some of the Turkish letters not contained in the ASCII character sets was adopted: Substitution I ch gh sh Original "open i" "che" (c cedille) "yumushak ge" "she" (s cedille)

The umlaut vowels and were left as they are (ASCII 148 and ASCII 129 in codepage 437). Mongolian is transliterated according to the MLS system. Mongolian gamma is located at ASCII 231 of the MLS codepage. All Mongolian sections are prefixed by the "\$" tag and exit in "\@". The text is thus suitable for readers like mview. The index items are sorted according to this convention; they are not sorted according to the original Turkish alphabet. The editor apologizes for all inconveniences caused by these substitutions. O. Corff, Nov./Dec. 1995

Sound Comparisons between Turkish and Mongolian by Hugjiltu Inner Mongolia University Concerning the sounds, grammars and lexica of Turkish and Mongolian, there are quite a number of relations, typological similarities and affinities. Though the Turkish language has been considerably influenced

by the til G.

Arabian, Persian and other Indo-European languages, it still keeps basic characteristics which the Turkic languages originally had. Unnow, scholars like G. J. Ramstedt, B. Y. Vladimirtsov, N. Poppe, Sir Clauson, L. Ligeti, W. Kotwicz e.a. have done descriptive and com-

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 2 = ________________________________________________________________________ parative studies on the various relations existing among the Turkic and Mongolian languages, but it has not been determined if these relations prove the same genealogy or should just to be considered as typological similarities. This problem can only be solved by further studying the common properties of these languages in order to find out which are results of mutual borrowing and which are results of mutual influence. For the comparative study of Turkish and Mongolian we can reference the monographs by G. J. Ramstedt, N. Poppe, P. Pelliot, G. Nemeth, Sir G. Clauson, E. Hovdhaugen. G. Doerfer, L. V. Clark e.a. In Turkey, the comparative study between Turkish and Mongolian is done by native scholars such as Prof. Ahmet Temir, Talat Tekin, Tuncer Glensoy, O. N. Tuna e.a. Among the Turkic languages, Turkish is in the most western place and far away from the Mongol Highland. Concerning its objective condition, the opportunities for cantact with the Mongolian language are rare. During my learning and studying of Turkish, I have unexpectedly found a great amount of words common to both Turkish and Mongolian. Furthermore, there are also many corresponding relations and similarities concerning sound and grammar. In order to explore the laws of phonetic correspondences between Turkish and Mongolian, a lexicon gathered from a few Turkish dictionaries served as the basis for a tentative comparison between the sounds of the Turkish language and written Mongolian. Literature Clark, L. V.: Mongol Elements in Old Turkic, JSFOu 75, 1977, p. 110-168 Clauson, Sir Gerard: Turk, Mongol, Tungus, Asmaj, 2.S, No. 8, 1960-1961, p. 105 -- -- : The Turkish elements in the 14th Century Mongolian. CAJ No. 5, 1959, p. 301 -- -- : Turkish and Mongolian Studies. London 1962 The Concise Oxford Turkish Dictionary, London 1959 Doerfer, Gerhard: Trkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. Band I: Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen 'L. Ligeti', AOH, No. 17, 1964, p. 343-349 -- -- : Trkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen. Band II III: Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen 'L. Ligeti', AOH, No. 21, 1968, p. 119-130

-- -- : Erwiderung auf Poppes Rezension meiner Arbeit "Trkische und Mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen", CAJ, No. 11, 1966, p. 220 Glensoy, Tuncer: Eske ve Orta Trkce'de Mogholca Kelimeler Uzerine Notlar. Trkoloji Dergisi, 6.c., sayI 1, Ankara, 1974, p. 235-259 Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 3 = ________________________________________________________________________ -- -- : MoghollarIn Gizli Tarihindeki Trkce Kelimeler Uzerine Bir Deneme. Trkoloji Dergisi, 5.c., sayI 1, Ankara, 1973, p. 93-135 Houdhaugen, E.: The Mongolian Suffix -lig and its Turkic Origin. Researches in Altaic Languages, Budapest, 1975, p. 71-78 Huang Qihui: Tu-Han Cidian. Taibei 1992 Ne</meth, Gyula: A trk-mongol nyelvviszonyhoz. NyK, No. 43, 1914, p. 126 -- -- : Egy mongol-trk hangtrve</ny. NyK, No. 41, 1911-12, p. 401 Pelliot, Paul: Les formes avec et sans q- (k-) initial en Turc et en Mongol, TP, 2.S, No. 37, 1942, p. 73 Poppe, Nicholas: On some Vowel Correspondences in Mongolian Loanwords in Turkic. CAJ, No. 13, p. 207 -- -- : The Turkic Loan-Words in Middle Mongolian. CAJ, No. 1, 1955, p. 36 Ramstedt, G. J.: Zur Verbstammbildungslehre der Mongolisch-Trkischen Sprachen. JSFO, No. 28, 1912, p. 1 -- -- : Eoy a</llito</lages mongol-trk hangtrve</ni. NyK, No. 42, 1913, p. 69 -- -- : Az n hang a mongolban e</s a trkben. NyK, No. 42 1913, p. 229 -- -- : Zur Mongolisch-Trkischen Lautgeschichte I. KSz, No. 15, 191415, p. 134 -- -- : Zur Mongolisch-Trkischen Lautgeschichte II. KSz, No. 16, 191516, p. 66 -- -- : Ein anlautender stimmloser Labial in der mongolisch-trkischen Ursprache. JSFO, No. 32, 1916-1920, p. 1 Tekin, Talat: Turkish /s/, Chuvash /s<v/ and Mongolian /c<v/. TDAY Belleten, 1986, p. 65-69 Temir, Ahmet: Trkce ile Mogholca arasIndakI ilgiler. DTCFD, XIII, 1-25, 1955

Turkish-Russian Dictionary, Moscow 1959 Tuna, Osman Nedim: OsmanlIcada Mongolca Odnc Kelemiler. Tkiyat 'ecmuasI, XVII, 209-250, Istanbul 1972 Trk Dil Kurumu: Trkce Szlk (1, 2). Trk Tarih kurumu BasIm Evi. Ankara 1988 Trkce - Ingilizce Byk Lgat. Ankara 1959 Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 4 = ________________________________________________________________________ Trkce Ingilizce Redhouse Szlg, Istanbul 1974 Trkce Szlg, Ankara 1959

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 5 = ________________________________________________________________________ I. Complementary Pairs 1.0 a 1.1 a: a altIn al at av baghlacarlachagh dal sal ulak burchak dayak hakan gold red horse chase, hunt to tie, to fasten to make known time, period back, shoulder raft courier, messenger common vetch (to beat with a cane) khan, ruler, emperor $ $ $ $ $ $ altan @ al @ agta @ aba @ bagla- @ zarla- @ gold red gelding chase, hunt to tie in bunches to order, make known time, period, season, age shoulder blade, scapula raft relay horses bean cane, staff, stick emperor, khan

$ cag @ $ dalu @ $ $ $ $ sal @ ulag-a @ burcag @ tayag @

$ xagan @

1.2 a: aragIdIkladalak to look for to tickle spleen $ ri- @ $ gdgl- @ $ dlig @ to look for to tickle spleen

olcay aghla-

Happiness (a proper $ lzi @ name), luck, happiness, success to cry, to weep $ ggl- @

luck, happiness, success to wail

1.3 a: i arachalkalandalak kasharlI arak soghan sallak yanshato look for to make waves spleen old sweet liquor onion naked to be talkative $ ri- @ $ calgila- @ $ $ $ $ $ dlig @ xasir @ ariki @ songgin-a @ shalig @ to look for to splash; to wash over spleen well trained liquor onion profligate, lewd, obscene to prattle, jabber

$ yangsi- @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 6 = ________________________________________________________________________ 1.4 a: o pulat kolan chulpan konak otak taksteel cinch, girth Venus hotel, guest's chamber imperial tent to dress; to add, attach $ $ $ $ bolod @ olong @ colmon @ xonog @ steel belly Morning star, Venus night (spent) tribe, nation to put on or over; to saddle

$ otog @ $ toxu- @

1.5 a: u bohcha aldankabarsachak topallayarapackage to mistake, err to swell eave(s [of a building]); fringe to limp to use; to profit $ $ $ $ bogcu @ andu- @ xabud- @ sacug @ bag, backpack to mistake to swell tuft, fringe, tassel to limp, be lame to make use

$ dogul- @ $ zaru- @

1.6 a: 0 dadantapalato acquire a taste for to (put a) stopper $ dad-, das- @ $ tagla- @ to become accustomed to; to acquire experience to stop up, cork,

close

1.7 a: aga, aba, uga, ogo, agu batur -bahadIr dalga bora kova budala hero wave tempest, hurrican bucket, pail stupid $ bagatur @ $ $ $ $ dabalgan @ borugan @ xobug-a @ bidagu @ hero wave rain well bucket stupid, silly

2.0 e 2.1 e: elchi erdem tmen er erk ambassador $ lci @ virtue $ rdm @ ten thousand; divi- $ tmn @ sion male, hero $ r- @ power $ rk @ ambassador learning, virtue ten thousand (households) man, male power

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 7 = ________________________________________________________________________ gerekche en deve belgi bel demir kesik serin seyrek eshek reason, proof broadness; most camel feature waist iron cut, truncated cool, fresh widely set; sparse donkey $ $ $ $ $ $ $ grci @ ng @ tmg @ blg @ bl @ tmr @ ksg @ proof broad, most camel sign, mark, symbol waist; declivity iron part, piece, section cool thin, sparse donkey

$ srign @ $ syirg @ $ lzig @

2.2 e: i eshek gerekche inek sheker kelepir chekdonkey reason, proof cow sugar cheap to pull, draw $ $ $ $ $ $ lzig @ grci @ niy- @ sikir @ kilbar @ cinggaga- @ donkey proof cow sugar cheap to pull

2.3 e: a

elma elmas yenchyen2.4 e: tre trebez

apple diamond to crush to defeat, attack

$ $ $ $

alim-a @ almas @ yanchi- @ zanci- @

pear diamond to crush to beat

rule, law to appear, bring forth fabric

$ tr @ $ tr- @ $ bs @

government, state, dynasty to give birth to fabric

2.5 e: yrek srek eylem heart flock of cattle deed, process $ zirk @ $ srg @ $ il @ heart group, flock of cattle matter, behaviour, alive

2.6 e: g deve camel $ tmg @ camel

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 8 = ________________________________________________________________________ ebe tekleeyer midwife; grandmother to miss, to misfire; to stammer, to stutter saddle $ mg @ $ tggl- @ $ mgl @ grand-(mother) to block, hinder saddle

2.7 e: 0 aile kelepir household, family cheap $ ayil @ $ kilbar @ village, household, family, people cheap

3.0 I 3.1 I: a altIn kIsgold to shrink, reduce $ altan @ $ xasu- @ gold to reduce, shrink

arish

pole (of a car)

$ aral @

shaft or thill of a cart

3.2 I: gIdIklasIrIk hIrchIn to tickle $ gdgl- @ club $ srg @ wicked, cruel, bru- $ krcgi @ tal to tickle fork wicked, cruel, brutal

3.3 I: i yIl kIl kIraghI sIr tanItIkyarIm sIvasakInyear hair frost glaze of pottery ( < arabic sirr) to know to cram, jam, thrust, stick half to plaster; to smear to pay attention; to protect $ zil @ $ kilgasu @ $ kiragu @ $ sir @ $ tani- @ $ ciki- @ $ zarim @ $ siba- @ $ saki- @ year hair of the mane and tail frost varnish, lacquer to know to jam, stuff, press part, some, incomplete to plaster; to apply mud to observe, respect, look after

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 9 = ________________________________________________________________________

3.4 I: u buzaghI kadIn kIraghI yargI tansIk calf; fawn woman, wife frost to judge interesting $ biragu @ $ xatun @ $ kiragu @ $ zargu @ $ tangsug @ calf in its second year lady, queen, princess; wife (hon.) frost lawsuit, ligitation beautiful

3.5 I: aga, agu, igu, g azI katI arI sIrt molar hard pure back $ $ $ $ arag-a @ xatagu @ arigun @ sgr @ molar, sprocket hard clean spine, backbone

4.0 i 4.1 i: i bilgi bileghi bin chizchiy im iz ikiz kir sicim sindirzindan knowledge, learning, information whetstone thousand to draw, paint dew mark, trace scar twins dirt, filth string, twine, packthread to erase prison $ bilig @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ bilg @ mingg-a @ ziru- @ cigig @ im @ ir @ ikr- @ gkir @ sizim @ talent, wisdom whetstone thousand to draw, paint dampness, moisture mark scar twins dirt cord, string, twine to dissolve prison

$ singg- @ $ gindan @

4.2 i: chichek deghirmen dingil eghirgeghirflower mill axis to spin to belch, burp, eructate $ $ $ $ ccg @ tgrm- @ tngglig @ gr- @ flower mill axletree to rotate; to spin, twist to belch, eruct

$ kkr- @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 10 = ________________________________________________________________________ kim titrebelgi ilk kip who $ kn @ to shiver, tremble, $ ccr- @ shake, quiver (=$ cicir-) @ feature first, initial, beginning form, type $ blg @ $ ki @ $ kb @ who to tremble, shake, shiver, quake, quiver sign, mark, symbol beginning, first model, form

4.3 i: a kelepir cheap $ kilbar @ cheap

4.4 i: o

billur

crystal

$ bolor @

crystal

4.5 i: , inek demir bilezik bileghi cow iron bracelet; handcuffs; metal ring whetstone $ niy- @ $ tmr @ $ blzg, blzig @ $ bilg @ cow iron finger ring whetstone

5.0 o 5.1 o: o bohcha boghbora kolan konkova kovlakopkoyun ordu orun otak ot bundle, package to strangle, choke tempest, hurrican cinch, girth to rest, sleep bucket, pail ro run down; to blame to break, snap sheep army place imperial tent herb(al medicine) $ bogcu @ $ bogu- @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ borugan @ olong @ xono- @ xobug-a @ xobla- @ xobxo @ xoni @ ordo @ oron @ bag, backpack to bind, tie, bundle, wrap rain belly to spend a night well bucket to slander, vilify asunder, apart sheep palace position, place, area tribe, nation (name of a tribe: Otog) (old) pharmacist, doctor

$ otog @ $ otaci @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 11 = ________________________________________________________________________ soruto suck $ soru- @ to suck in, draw in

5.2 o: u kopchalabogha koch sortolga toklu to close the buttons of a garment bull ram to ask, inquire war helmet yearling sheep $ xubcala- @ $ $ $ $ $ bux-a @ xuca @ sura- @ dugulg-a @ tugul @ to dress bull ram to ask, hear about helmet calf less than a year old

yol-

to pluck; to pull out

$ zulgaga- @

to pull out; hold tight; seize

5.3 o: a oymak konch tribe leg (of a boot or stocking) $ ayimag @ $ kancu @ league, tribe sleeve

5.4 o: i yoghurto knead $ zigura- @ to knead, mix

5.5 o: olcay Happiness (a proper $ lzi @ name), luck, happiness, success luck, happiness, success

5.6 o: oo, ogo, igu tor toz yolcu tortu thin net powder, ashes traveller sediment, deposit, dregs $ $ $ $ toor @ togosu @ zigulci @ dooradu @ net, hull ashes, dust traveller, explorer low, lower; insignificant, inferior

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 12 = ________________________________________________________________________ 6.0 6.1 : blk bbrek chl chp dl gghs gk glk part kidney desert waste seed, germ; young, offspring breast, nipples sky; blue pack animal $ blg @ $ bgr- @ $ cl @ $ cb @ $ tl @ $ kk @ $ kk @ $ klg @ (= $ klg) @ group, part kidney, testicle desert, desolate place, deposit, sediment newborn young animals, issue female breast, nipples blue a strong and swift horse

kpr kpk krk br ch rsn-

bridge foam bellows other, different hatred to plait, knit; to tie; to built, erect (a wall) to go out, die down (fire)

$ $ $ $ $ $

kgrg @ kgs @ kgrg @ gr- @ s @ r- @

$ sn- @

bridge foam bellows other, different hatred to set in order, put in line, arrange in a row to be extinguished, to go out

6.2 : kz yn llger 6.3 : o bek pile, flock $ obog-a @ pile, flock ox direction, aspect to die, wither saying $ kr @ $ zg @ $ r- @ $ ligr @ ox direction, aspect to exhaust, sacrifice model, story

7.0 u 7.1 u: u bughday bughra burchak burkburun kuraltay wheat male camel common vetch to twist nose meeting $ $ $ $ bugudai @ buur-a @ burcag @ muski- @ wheat male camel bean to turn, twist, twirl rope (through a nose) meeting

$ burantag @ $ xural @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 13 = ________________________________________________________________________ kurut kustulga tulum ulak ulus urgan dry milk cheese to vomit (< tughulgha) helmet animal skin; overalls; bag pipe courier, messenger nation, people rope $ xurud @ $ xusu- @ $ dugulg-a @ $ tulum @ $ ulag-a @ $ ulus @ $ urax-a @ milk curd to vomit helmet leather bag relay horse people, nation; country, state; empire, dynasty net

uruk uyak ulu-

clan rhyme to howl

$ urug @ $ uyangg-a @ $ uli- @

relatives by marriage harmony, euphony, melody to howl

7.2 u: o kum sungur sokur uchkun pulat bulchulpan sand, sandstone white falcon blind spark steel to find; to discover Venus $ xumag @ $ shongxor @ (=$ singxur) @ $ soxor @ $ oci @ $ bolod @ $ ol- @ $ colmon @ fine sand falcon, gerfalcon blind spark steel to find Morning star, Venus

7.3 u: i ulubuzaghI kaburga korukoyun kovcu angut to howl calf; fawn rib to protect sheep backbiting; talebearing a kind of duck $ uli- @ $ biragu @ $ xabirg-a @ $ xori- @ $ xoni @ $ xobci @ $ anggir @ to howl calf in its second year rib to shut in, confine, emprison, enclose sheep denunciator, slanderer a kind of yellow duck

7.4 u: a chamur duldalamud to protect $ sibar @ $ daldala- @ mud to hide, conceal

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 14 = ________________________________________________________________________

7.5 u: buz ulu ice great, high $ ms @ $ rlg @ ice high

7.6 u: ugu, aga tulga kuzu (< tughulgha) helmet lamb $ dugulg-a @ $ xurag-a @ helmet lamb

8.0 8.1 : gch gch kkresprge sr st rerkzm power, force difficult(y) to roar (lion); to bellow broom drove, flock milk to reproduce; to multiply, increase to shy, balk (horse); to be frightened grape $ kc @ $ kcir @ $ krkir- @ $ sigr @ $ srg @ $ s @ $ rzi- @ $ rg- @ $ zm @ power, strength difficult, tiresome to growl, grunt, snarl broom group, flock of cattle milk to multiply, propagate; to breed to be[come] alarmed or frightened grape

8.2 : bkk blk btn bzgmrk tr tre twisted, bent, curved part whole, complete, all to gather, to constrict, to pucker customs kind, sort, type rule, law $ bkgr @ $ blg @ $ btn @ $ bsl- @ $ kmrg @ $ trl @ $ tr @ bent, inclined forward group, part, companion complete, all to belt, gird; to encircle, surround warehouse, storehouse kind, sphere, branch government, state, dynasty

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 15 = ________________________________________________________________________ treby brto appear, bring $ tr- @ forth magic, spell, sor- $ bg @ cery to wrap, to enfold; $ bri- @ to give birth to shaman to cover, envelop

to cover up

8.3 : kz by ox magic, spell, sorcery $ kr @ $ bg @ ox shaman

8.4 : i yrek yz srheart face, surface to drag $ zirk @ $ zis @ $ cir- @ heart appearance, feature, complexion to drag, haul, pull along, trail along the ground

8.5 : u sng to stretch owl $ sung- @ (=$ sunu-)@ $ uguli @ to stretch, extend, lengthen owl

8.6 : g grldeto thunder $ kgrld- @ to become excited; to rejoice

9.0 b 9.1 b:b bacanak baghlabaghIrbal balta batur -bahadIr brother-in-law to tie, to fasten to shout, yell, cry honey, nectar axe hero $ $ $ $ $ $ baza @ bagla- @ barkira- @ bal @ balta @ bagatur @ brother-in-law to tie in bunches to shout, cry, yell honey, nectar sledge hammer; axe hero

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 16 = ________________________________________________________________________ bay gentleman; rich $ bayan @ richness, prosperity; rich

bek bel belgi bez bilgi bileghi bogha boghum bohcha bora bbrek blk bughday bughra bulak burchak burun buzaghI kaburga

cf. t. pek waist feature fabric knowledge, learning, information whetstone bull knot, joint, node bundle, package tempest, hurrican kidney part wheat male camel well, source common vetch nose calf; fawn rib

$ bki @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ bl @ blg @ bs @ bilig @

strong, firm, solid; robust, vigourous, durable waist; declivity sign, mark, symbol fabric talent, wisdom

bilg @ whetstone bux-a @ bull bugui - baguu forearm, wrist bogcu @ borugan @ bgr- @ blg @ bugudai @ buur-a @ bulag @ burcag @ burantag @ bag, backpack rain kidney, testicle group, part, companion wheat male camel source, origin bean rope (through a nose) calf in its second year rib

$ biragu @ $ xabirg-a @

9.2 b: m bin boncuk thousand bead $ mingg-a @ $ moncog @ thousand large red ornamental tassel suspended from a horse's neck and/or breast to moo, low, bellow (of cows) feeble-minded ice to turn, twist, twirl grand-(mother)

bghrbunak buz burkebe

to bellow, low; to moo dotard ice to twist midwife; grandmother

$ mgr- @ $ munug @ $ ms @ $ muski- @ $ mg @

9.3 b: g br gebe bbrek other, different pregnant kidney $ gr- @ $ kgl @ $ bgr- @ other, different placenta, belly kidney, testicle

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 17 = ________________________________________________________________________

10.0 c 10.1 c: z bacanak cebe car carlabrother-in-law weapon cry, call to make known $ baza @ $ zbsg @ $ zar @ $ zarla- @ brother-in-law weapon written order or instruction; announcement to order, make known

10.2 c: c cengiz boncuk Chingis (a name) bead $ cinggis @ $ moncog @ Chinggis (Khan) large red ornamental tassel suspended from a horse's neck and/or breast pocket; purse; small bag traveller, explorer

dagharcIk yolcu

leather bag; knowledge traveller

$ tagarcug @ $ zigulci @

11.0 ch 11.1 ch: c chalchene chalkachalkalachichek chay cheri chimdik chl chin gerekche chatterbox, gossip to rinse, to wash off to rinse, to wash off flower tea (leaves) army pinch desert upright, real reason, proof $ calciy-a @ $ calgi- @ $ calgila- @ $ $ $ $ ccg @ cai @ crig @ cimki @ idle talk, nonsense to splash; to wash over; to pour over to splash; to wash over flower tea (leaves) army pinch (of salt, tobacco, etc.) desert, desolate place honest proof

$ cl @ $ cing @ $ grci @

11.2 ch: sh

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 18 = ________________________________________________________________________

chamur

mud

$ sibar @

mud

11.3 ch: z chim achImlachimuch chkelek lawn, garden grass to comment to sink tip, point, top, end cheese made of curds $ zim @ $ azigla- @ $ zib- @ $ zgr @ $ zgki @ turf, sward to observe, pay attention; to notice, note to sink tip, point, summit, end; top cream

11.4 ch: s chuval ch sack hatred $ sumal @ $ s @ oblong bag or sack hatred

12.0 d 12.1 d: d dal dalak dalga gIdIklaodun back, shoulder spleen wave to tickle firewood, log $ dalu @ $ $ $ $ dlig @ dabalgan @ gdgl- @ modu(n) @ shoulder blade, scapula spleen wave to tickle wood

12.2 d: t damga dayak deghirmen demir deve dingil kadIn dl stamp; mark (to beat with a cane) mill iron camel axis woman, wife seed, germ; young, offspring $ tamag-a @ $ tayag @ $ $ $ $ $ tgrm- @ tmr @ tmg @ tngglig @ xatun @ seal, stamp; brand cane, staff, stick mill iron camel axletree lady, queen, princess; wife (hon.) newborn young animals, issue

$ tl @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 19 = ________________________________________________________________________

12.3 d: k chimdik pinch $ cimki @ pinch (of salt, tobacco, etc.)

12.4 d: s dadanto acquire a taste for $ dad-, das- @ to become accustomed to; to acquire experience

12.5 d: c adim dik step, pace perpendicular; upright, straight $ alcam @ $ cig @ step, pace direction, course; straightness

13.0 f 13.1 f: b defter book, volume $ dbtr @ book, volume

14.0 g 14.1 g: g dalga damga kaburga yargI wave stamp; mark rib to judge $ $ $ $ dabalgan @ tamag-a @ xabirg-a @ zargu @ wave seal, stamp; brand rib lawsuit, ligitation

14.2 g: x sungur white falcon $ shongxor @ (=$ singxur) @ falcon, gerfalcon

14.3 g: g gerekche reason, proof $ grci @ proof

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 20 = ________________________________________________________________________ gIdIklato tickle $ gdgl- @ to tickle

14.4 g: k geghirgevgevrek gghs gerek gk gtrglk gch to belch, burp, eructate to mumble, chew crisp, brittle, crackly breast, nipples requisite, need, necessity sky; blue to take (away), carry, convey pack animal power, force $ kkr- @ $ kbi- @ $ kbrg @ $ kk @ $ krg @ $ kk @ $ ktl- @ $ klg @ (=$ klg) @ $ kc @ to belch, eruct to ruminate, chew the cud brittle, fragile, frail, flimsy female breast, nipples thing (abstr.), matter, affair blue to lead; to guide a strong and swift horse power, strength

15.0 gh 15.1 gh: g bagh baghlaboghboghum chagh kIraghI saghtugh yatughan -yatuk bunch, bundle; bond $ bag @ to tie, to fasten $ bagla- @ to strangle, choke $ bogu- @ group, band, team to tie in bunches to bind, tie, bundle, wrap knot, joint, node $ bugui - baguu forearm, wrist @ time, period $ cag @ time, period, season, age frost $ kiragu @ frost to milk (an animal) $ saga- @ to milk horsetail $ tug @ flag, standard, banner a kind of zither $ yatug-a @ zither harp

15.2 gh: x agha bogha lord, master, chief, boss, landowner bull $ ax-a @ $ bux-a @ elder brother bull

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 21 = ________________________________________________________________________

15.3 gh: g bileghi deghirmen soghan eghireghyeghen whetstone mill onion to spin to bend, incline, curve, bow nephew; niece $ $ $ $ bilg @ tgrm- @ songgin-a @ gr- @ whetstone mill onion to rotate; to spin, twist to return, go back child of one's daughter or sister

$ g- @ $ zig @

15.4 gh: k baghIrgghs sIghto shout, yell, cry $ barkira- @ breast, nipples $ kk @ to fit (into) $ sixa- @ to shout, cry, yell female breast, nipples to press, squeeze, squash

15.5 gh: u, gu, maga (?) bughra male camel bughday wheat dagh -- damga brand; mark $ buur-a @ $ bugudai @ $ tamag-a @ camel wheat seal, stamp; brand

16.0 h 16.1 h: x haklahan hakan hatun to overcome, beat, suppress, crush khan, king, chief khan, ruler, emperor woman; lady; wife $ xagal- @ $ xan @ $ xagan @ $ xatun @ to break, split, chip, cut through khan, king, chief emperor, khan lady, queen, prin-

haykIr-

to shout, scream, yell, howl

cess; wife (hon.) $ xaskir- @ to shout, scream, (=$ xashkir-) @ yell, howl

16.2 h: k hIckIrhIrcInlIk to crunch $ krcigin- @ wicked, cruel, bru- $ krcgi @ tal to crunch wicked, cruel, brutal

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 22 = ________________________________________________________________________ hIrgr hIrIltI quarrel, dispute wheeze; snarl $ krgl @ $ krldgn @ quarrel, dispute quarrel, dispute

16.3 h: g bohcha bundle, package $ bogcu @ bag, backpack

17.0 k 17.1 k: x kaghan kabarkaburga kadIn kuraltay kamu kara karshI kas kasIk kasharlankankavlakuru sakal sIkyaka konalkakopchalaemperor to swell rib woman, wife meeting all(together) black; dark opposite; opposing; anti-, countermuscle groin to become hackneyed to content oneself to peel off dry beard, whiskers to squeeze, press; to tighten collar; edge, bank, shore to stay for the night to close the but$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ xagan @ xabud- @ xabirg-a @ xatun @ xural xamug xar-a xarsi @ @ @ @ emperor, khan to swell rib lady, queen, princess; wife (hon.) meeting all; whole black; dark obstacle, hindrance, barrier thigh thigh to be careful, experienced to content oneself to peel off dry beard to press, squeeze, squash rim, border; collar to stay for the night to dress

$ xasa @ $ xasa @ $ xasirla- @ $ $ $ $ $ xan- @ xagura- @ xagurai @ saxal @ sixa- @

$ zax-a @ $ xonugla- @ $ xubcala- @

kulak tak-

tons of a garment ear to dress; to add, attach

$ xulugu @ $ toxu- @

earwax to put on or over; to saddle

17.2 k: k chakIm -chakIn gk kertspark, lightning $ cakilgan @ lightning blue to cut, mince, slice

sky; blue $ kk @ to notch; to scrape $ krci- @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 23 = ________________________________________________________________________ tIkkelepir kIl to cram, jam, thrust, stick cheap hair $ ciki- @ $ kilbar @ $ kilgasu @ to jam, stuff, press cheap hair of the mane and tail

17.3 k: g yarlIk dayak sallak ulak bulak burchak haklatansIk (arch.; = yarlIgh) command, edict, decree (to beat with a cane) naked courier, messenger well, source common vetch to overcome, beat, suppress, crush interesting $ zarlig @ $ tayag @ $ shalig @ $ $ $ $ ulag-a @ bulag @ burcag @ xagal- @ decree, command, order cane, staff, stick profligate, lewd, obscene relay horses source, origin bean to break, split, chip, cut through beautiful

$ tangsug @

17.4 k: g blk chichek eshek gerek gevrek gIdIklapart flower donkey requisite, need, necessity crisp, brittle, crackly to tickle $ blg @ $ ccg @ $ lzig @ $ krg @ $ kbrg @ $ gdgl- @ group, part; companion flower donkey thing (abstr.), matter, affair brittle, fragile, frail, flimsy to tickle

kesek -kesik seyrek rkykle-

cut, truncated widely set; sparse to shy, balk (horse); to be frightened to load, freight

$ ksg @ $ syirg @ $ rg- @ $ ygl- @

part, piece, section thin, sparse to be[come] alarmed or frightened to transfer by pouring, transfuse, change from one container to another to block, hinder kid, young goat

tekleshishek

to miss, to misfire; to stammer, to stutter yearling (lamb)

$ tggl- @ $ isig @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 24 = ________________________________________________________________________

17.5 k: y inek yanshak cow garrulous, talkative $ niy- @ $ yangsiy-a @ cow babbler; quarrel; verbose, noisy

17.6 k: t karpuz melon $ tarbus @ melon

17.7 k: m chkto collapse, fall in; to break down; to give way $ cmr- @ to fall in, break down or through; to collapse, fall down

17.8 k: 0 gerekche kavushkolan kchk reason, proof to be reunited with; to meet cinch, girth small $ grci @ $ agulza- @ $ olong @ $ ckn @ proof to meet; to merge belly small

18.0 l

18.1 l: l bal balta bel belgi bilgi bileghi blk bulak bulanik chalchene chl chulpan dal honey, nectar axe waist feature knowledge, learning, information whetstone part well, source dirty, turbid chatterbox, gossip desert Venus back, shoulder $ $ $ $ $ bal @ balta @ bl @ blg @ bilig @ honey, nectar sledge hammer; axe waist; declivity sign, mark, symbol talent, wisdom whetstone group, part, companion source, origin turbid idle talk, nonsense desert, desolate place Morning star, Venus shoulder blade, scapula

$ bilg @ $ blg @ $ $ $ $ bulag @ bulangkir @ calciy-a @ cl @

$ colmon @ $ dalu @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 25 = ________________________________________________________________________ dalga dl elchi elmas kIl sallasol ulus wave seed, germ; young, offspring ambassador diamond hair to swing, shake, rock; to wave left; left side nation, people $ dabalgan @ $ tl @ $ lci @ $ almas @ $ kilgasu @ $ dalal- @ $ sologai @ $ ulus @ wave newborn young animals, issue ambassador diamond hair of the mane and tail to beckon, wave the hand left side or hand people, nation; country, state; empire, dynasty

18.2 ll: l allak bullak sallak billur naked crystal $ alag bulag @ $ shalig @ $ bolor @ parti-colored, motley profligate, lewd, obscene crystal

18.3 l: n aldanto mistake, err $ andu- @ to mistake

18.4 l: b alto take $ ab- @ to take, to grasp

18.5 l: 0 ilk ilkin first, initial, $ ki @ beginning in the first place, $ kin @ first beginning, first beginning, commencement; origin

19.0 m 19.1 m: m damga deghirmen demir stamp; mark mill iron $ tamag-a @ $ tgrm- @ $ tmr @ seal, stamp; brand mill iron

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 26 = ________________________________________________________________________ im kamu kum meletulum zm mark, trace all(together) sand, sandstone to bleat animal skin; overalls; bag pipe grape $ $ $ $ $ im @ xamug @ xumag @ mayila- @ tulum @ mark all; whole fine sand to bleat leather bag grape

$ zm @

19.2 m: b chamur chimgm gk mor mud to sink dark blue, quite blue purple $ sibar @ $ zib- @ $ kb kk @ $ boru @ mud to sink dark blue grey, purple, brown

19.3 m: n kim who $ kn @ who

19.4 m: y (?) tarim agriculture $ tariy-a @ paddy, field

19.5 m: l (?) yom good luck $ zol @ good luck, fortune, success

19.6 m: g achImlato observe $ azigla- @ to observe, pay attention; to notice, note

19.7 m: 0 boghum eylem knot, joint, node deed, process $ bugui - baguu forearm, wrist @ $ il @ matter, behaviour, alive

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 27 = ________________________________________________________________________

20.0 n 20.1 n:n ant boran han hakan kansansancak konnar tmen tanIoath, promise thunderstorm khan, king, chief khan, ruler, emperor to content oneself to suppose, think, imagine flag, banner, standard to rest, sleep pomegranate ten thousand; division to know $ andagai @ $ borugan @ $ xan @ $ xagan @ $ xan- @ $ sana- @ $ sancig @ $ xono- @ $ anar @ $ tmn @ $ tani- @ oath, contract, alliance rain khan, king, chief emperor, khan to content oneself to think, reflect, ponder side whiskers to spend a night pomegranate ten thousand (households) to know

20.2 n: ng

angIn angut sindirtansIk an chin yanshaen sungur

famous a kind of duck to erase interesting moment, instant; boundary (between fields) upright, real talkative broadness; most white falcon

$ xanggin @ $ anggir @ $ singg- @ $ tangsug @ $ ang @ $ cing @ $ yangsi- @ $ ng @ $ shongxor @ (=$ singxur) @

essential a kind of yellow duck to dissolve beautiful crack, chink, fissure honest to prattle, jabber broad, most falcon, gerfalcon

20.3 n: y chalchene chatterbox, gossip $ calciy-a @ idle talk, nonsense

20.4 m: g, g ayran taban ayran (a drink made $ ayirag @ of yogurt and water) sole (of a shoe or $ tabag @ foot) kumiss sole of hoof or foot; paw

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 28 = ________________________________________________________________________ yn direction, aspect $ zg @ direction, aspect

20.5 n: 0 dadansakIntiksinhIrcInlIk to acquire a taste for $ dad-, das- @ to become accustomed to; to acquire experience to observe, respect, look after to abhor, hate, be disgusted with wicked, cruel, brutal

to pay attention; $ saki- @ to protect to be disgusted, to $ zigsi- @ loathe wicked, cruel, bru- $ krcgi @ tal

21.0 p 21.1 p: b

arpa chp karpuz kopuz pars pulat tepkip kopchalapek

barley waste melon a kind of luth leopard steel to kick; to turn down form, type to close the buttons of a garment very; extremely; firm; strong

$ $ $ $ $ $ $

arbai @ cb @ tarbus @ xobis @ bars @ bolod @ tbg @

barley deposit, sediment melon a kind of luth tiger steel shuttlecock model, form to dress strong, firm, solid

$ kb @ $ xubcala- @ $ bki @

21.2 p: g, g, k kapatopal tapalapIrIldakpr sprge sprtapto close, shut; to block; to stop up lame, crippled to (put a) stopper to gleam, glitter, shine bridge broom to sweep, wipe off to worship; to adore $ xaga- @ $ dogol @ $ tagla- @ $ grlt- @ $ $ $ $ kgrg @ sigr @ sigrd- @ taki- @ to close; to block, keep out limp, lame to stop up, cork, close to shine, glow, glitter bridge broom to sweep, wipe off to sacrifice, make an offering

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 29 = ________________________________________________________________________

21.3 p: m chulpan Venus $ colmon @ Morning star, Venus

22.0 r 22.1 r: r arka arI arpa billur boran the back; back part, rear; buttocks pure barley crystal thunderstorm $ aru @ $ $ $ $ arigun @ arbai @ bolor @ borugan @ back, rear clean barley crystal rain

chamur demir er erken erk kara kir sr sheker

mud iron male, hero early power black; dark dirt, filth drove, flock sugar

$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $

sibar @ tmr @ r- @ rt @ rk @ xar-a @ gkir @ srg @

$ sikir @

mud iron man, male early power black; dark dirt group, flock of cattle sugar

22.2 r: l gtrhIrgrkemireyer armut to take (away), carry, convey quarrel, dispute to gnaw saddle pear $ ktl- @ $ $ $ $ krgl @ kmli- @ mgl @ almurad @ to lead; to guide quarrel, dispute to gnaw saddle apple

22.3 r: s burkto twist $ muski- @ to turn, twist, twirl

22.4 r: d kabarto swell $ xabud- @ to swell

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 30 = ________________________________________________________________________

22.5 r: 0 zincir chains, bond, tie $ ginzi @ chains, bond, tie

23.0 s 23.1 s: s arslan esen kasIk lion hearty healthy, robust, sound groin $ arslan @ $ sn @ $ xasa @ lion healthy; calm, quiet thigh

kesik pars sachak sachsal sakal sarmIsak seyrek soghan sol(ak) snsu st sr ulus ters

cut, truncated leopard eave(s [of a building]); fringe to scatter, strew raft beard, whiskers garlic widely set; sparse onion left-handed to go out, die down (fire) water milk drove, flock nation, people

$ ksg @ $ bars @ $ sacug @ $ sacu- @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ sal @ saxal @ sarimsag @ syirg @ songgin-a @ sologai @ sn- @

$ usu @ $ s @ $ srg @ $ ulus @

back, reverse; con- $ trs @ verse; inverse, opposite

part, piece, section tiger tuft, fringe, tassel to sow, strew, scatter, spread; to sprinkle, spray raft beard garlic thin, sparse onion left side or hand to be extinguished, to go out water milk group, flock of cattle people, nation; country, state; empire, dynasty opposed, antagonistic, adverse

23.2 s: sh sungur sicim sari sindirsiywhite falcon string, twine, packthread yellow to erase (cats, dogs) to urinate $ shongxor @ (=$ singxur) @ $ sizim @ $ sir-a @ $ singg- @ $ sig- @ falcon, gerfalcon cord, string, twine yellow to dissolve to urinate

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 31 = ________________________________________________________________________ sIksIr sprge sIvato squeeze, press; to tighten glaze of pottery ( < arabic sirr) broom to plaster; to smear $ sixa- @ $ sir @ $ sigr @ $ siba- @ to press, squeeze, squash varnish, lacquer broom to plaster; to apply mud

23.3 s: c srto drag $ cir- @ to drag, haul, pull

along, trail along the ground

23.4 s: d sallato swing, shake, rock; to wave $ dalal- @ to beckon, wave the hand

23.5 s: Z sandal sandalwood $ Zandan @ sandalwood

23.6 s: 0 gghs haykIrbreast, nipples to shout, scream, yell, howl $ kk @ female breast, nipples $ xaskir- @ to shout, scream, (=$ xashkir-) @ yell, howl

24.0 sh 24.1 sh: sh karshI kasharlanshallak sheker shishek yanshaopposite; opposing; $ xarsi @ anti-, counterto become hackneyed $ xasirla- @ naked sugar yearling (lamb) talkative $ shalig @ $ sikir @ $ isig @ $ yangsi- @ obstacle, hindrance, barrier to be careful, experienced profligate, lewd, obscene sugar kid, young goat to prattle, jabber

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 32 = ________________________________________________________________________

24.2 sh: s IshkIryash to whistle age $ iskr-@ to whistle (=$ iskir-) @ $ nasu @ age

24.3 sh: lz, l eshek kavusharish donkey to be reunited with; to meet pole (of a car) $ lzig @ $ agulza- @ $ aral @ donkey to meet; to merge shaft or thill of a cart

24.4 sh: 0 shishek yearling (lamb) $ isig @ kid, young goat

25.0 t 25.1 t: t altIn at batur -bahadIr defter tanItanri teke tepke toz tmen tr tregold horse hero $ altan @ $ agta @ $ bagatur @ gold gelding hero book, volume to know heaven, sky wild goat, ibex shuttlecock ashes, dust ten thousand (households) kind, sphere, branch to give birth to

book, volume $ dbtr @ to know $ tani- @ god, heaven, spirit $ tngri (tgri) @ he-goat, billy goat $ tk @ reflex (neol.) $ tbg @ powder, ashes $ togosu @ ten thousand; divi- $ tmn @ sion kind, sort, type $ trl @ to appear, to bring $ tr- @ forth

25.2 t: d ant oath, promise $ andagai @ oath, contract, alliance

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 33 = ________________________________________________________________________ azat kurut pulat topal tolga free dry milk cheese steel lame, crippled war helmet $ $ $ $ $ arad @ xurud @ bolod @ dogol @ dugulg-a @ people milk curd steel limp, lame helmet

25.3 t: c kerttitretemiz tIkto notch; to scrape $ krci- @ to shiver, tremble, $ ccr- @ shake, quiver (=$ cicir-) @ clean, sober to cram, jam, thrust, stick $ cbr (?) @ $ ciki- @ to cut, mince, slice to tremble, shake, shiver, quake, quiver clean, pure to jam, stuff, press

25.4 t: s tn night $ sni @ night

25.5 t: r angut a kind of duck $ anggir @ a kind of yellow duck

25.6 t: z tiksinto be disgusted, to $ zigsi- @ loathe to abhor, hate, be disgusted with

25.7 t: 0 st kkrt sIrt milk sulphur back $ s @ $ kkr @ $ sgr @ milk sulphur spine, backbone

26.0 v 26.1 v: b av gevchase, hunt to mumble, chew $ aba @ $ kbi- @ chase, hunt to ruminate, chew the cud

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 34 = ________________________________________________________________________ gevrek kova crisp, brittle, crackly bucket, pail $ kbrg @ $ xobug-a @ brittle, fragile, frail, flimsy well bucket

kovlayalvarsIvatav ver-

ro run down; to blame to beg, plead to plaster; to smear proper heat; opportune moment to give; to hand

$ xobla- @ $ zalbari- @ $ siba- @ $ taba @ $ bari- @

to slander, vilify to pray; to join the palms of one's hands in praying to plaster; to apply mud wish; hope to hold, grasp, grip, take

26.2 v: g, gu, ga kavruk kavurkavushtav kavlascorched to roast; to scorch to be reunited with; to meet proper heat; opportune moment to peel off $ xagurai @ $ xagur- @ $ agulza- @ $ taba @ $ xagura- @ dry to fry to meet; to merge wish; hope to peel off

26.3 v: m deve kavrachuval camel to grasp, understand completely sack $ tmg @ $ xamur- @ $ sumal @ camel to wrap, encapsulate oblong bag or sack

27.0 y 27.1 y: y yara yatughan -yatuk yanshawound a kind of zither talkative $ yar-a @ $ yatugan @ $ yangsi- @ ulcer, wound, scar zither harp to prattle, jabber

27.2 y: z yIl yaka year $ zil @ collar; edge, bank, $ zax-a @ shore year rim, border; collar

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 35 = ________________________________________________________________________

yalvaryarayargI yarIm yasa yn yoghuryolcu yz yrek yz-

to beg, plead to use; to profit to judge half law, legal code direction, aspect to knead traveller face, surface heart to skin

$ zalbari- @ $ zaru- @ $ zargu @ $ zarim @ $ zasag @ $ $ $ $ zg @ zigura- @ zigulci @ zis @

$ zirk @ $ zs- @

to pray; to join the palms of one's hands in praying to make use lawsuit, ligitation part, some, incomplete politics, government direction, aspect to knead, mix traveller, explorer appearance, feature, complexion heart to cut, pull, divide

27.3 y: n yash koyun age sheep $ nasu @ $ xoni @ age sheep

27.4 y: ng kaynato connect, to close $ gangna- @ to weld

27.5 y: g by chiy magic, spell, sorcery dew $ bg @ $ cigig @ shaman dampness, moisture

27.6 y: m (?) eyer saddle $ mgl @ saddle

27.7 y: s (?) haykIrto shout, scream, yell, howl $ xaskir- @ to shout, scream, (=$ xashkir-) @ yell, howl

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian

= 36 =

________________________________________________________________________ 27.8 y: i bughday kayra olcay seyrek uygur wheat mercy, love Happiness (a proper name), luck, happiness, success widely set; sparse Uighur $ bugudai @ $ xayir-a @ $ lzi @ $ syirg @ $ uyigur @ wheat love, mercy luck, happiness, success thin, sparse Uighur

28.0 z 28.1 z: s buz karpuz kopuz toz yz bez bzice melon a kind of luth powder, ashes face, surface fabric to gather, to constrict, to pucker $ $ $ $ $ ms @ tarbus @ xobis @ togosu @ zis @ ice melon a kind of luth ashes, dust appearance, feature, complexion fabric to belt, gird; to encircle, surround

$ bs @ $ bsl- @

28.2 z: r azat azI boz buzaghI kuzu ikiz iz kz free molar grey calf; fawn lamb twins scar ox $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ arad @ arag-a @ boro @ biragu @ xurag-a @ ikr- @ ir @ kr @ people molar, sprocket grey, purple, brown calf in its second year lamb twins scar ox

28.3 z: z bilezik grz zm bracelet; handcuffs; metal ring spear grape $ blzg, blzig @ $ krz @ $ zm @ finger ring shovel, spade grape

28.4 z: d

biz

we

$ bid @

we

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 37 = ________________________________________________________________________

28.5 z: g, g zincir zindan zoka chains, bond, tie prison fishhook; trap, trick $ ginzi @ $ gindan @ $ gox-a @ chains, bond, tie prison hook

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 38 = ________________________________________________________________________ II. Omissions 1. 0: a at av koch ulak yassansoghan uyak nar saghyoghurhorse chase, hunt ram courier, messenger (arch.) to flatten, level; to slacken to suppose, think, imagine onion rhyme $ $ $ $ $ agta @ aba @ xuca @ ulag-a @ zasa- @ gelding chase, hunt ram relay horses to repair, fix, correct to think, reflect, ponder onion harmony, euphony, melody pomegranate to milk to knead, mix

$ sana- @ $ songgin-a @ $ uyangg-a @

pomegranate $ anar @ to milk (an animal) $ saga- @ to knead $ zigura- @

2. 0: ai adak kuru promise, permit dry $ andagai @ $ xagurai @ oath, contract, alliance dry

3. 0: e er erk male, hero power $ r- @ $ rk @ man, male power

eshek gevrek gk grz titreyrek shishek

donkey crisp, brittle, crackly sky; blue spear to shiver, tremble, shake, quiver heart yearling (lamb)

$ lzig @ $ kbrg @ $ kk @ $ krz @ $ ccr- @ (=$ cicir-) @ $ zirk @ $ isig @

donkey brittle, fragile, frail, flimsy blue shovel, spade to tremble, shake, shiver, quake, quiver heart kid, young goat

4. 0: i arpa elma tIkyalvarbarley apple to cram, jam, thrust, stick to beg, plead $ arbai @ $ alim-a @ $ ciki- @ $ zalbari- @ barley pear to jam, stuff, press to pray; to join the palms of one's hands in praying

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 39 = ________________________________________________________________________ arak bek verkkreulusweet liquor cf. t. pek to give; to hand to roar (lion); to bellow to howl $ ariki @ $ bki @ $ bari- @ $ krkir- @ $ uli- @ liquor strong, firm, solid; robust, vigourous, durable to hold, grasp, grip, take to growl, grunt, snarl to howl

5. 0: o boz kontoz grey to rest, sleep powder, ashes $ boro @ $ xono- @ $ togosu @ grey, purple, brown to spend a night ashes, dust

6. 0: u dal kulak sachsu back, shoulder ear to scatter, strew water $ dalu @ $ xulugu @ $ sacu- @ $ usu @ shoulder blade, scapula earwax to sow, strew, scatter, spread; to sprinkle, spray water

7. 0: z snself, matter, ele- $ r @ ment, root, essence to go out, die down $ sn- @ (fire) interior, heart to be extinguished, to go out

8. 0: () dalak angIn gch rkyz yzspleen famous power, force to shy, balk (horse); to be frightened face, surface to skin $ $ $ $ dlig @ xanggin @ kc @ rg- @ spleen essential power, strength to be[come] alarmed or frightened appearance, feature, complexion to cut, pull, divide

$ zis @ $ zs- @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 40 = ________________________________________________________________________

9. 0: b oldalga to become, to change wave $ bol- @ $ dabalgan @ to become, change, be possible, mature wave

10. 0: g sr ulu rdrove, flock great, high to plait, knit; to tie; to built, erect (a wall) $ srg @ $ rlg @ $ r- @ group, flock of cattle high to set in order, put in line, arrange in a row

11. 0: g ala at colourful horse $ alag @ $ agta @ multicolored, parti-colored, spotted gelding

kamu acI

all(together) painful, bitter

$ xamug @ $ gasigun @

all; whole bitter, tragic

12. 0: l armut adim pear step, pace $ almurad @ $ alcam @ apple step, pace

13. 0: m odun firewood, log $ modu(n) @ wood

14. 0: a adak promise, permit $ andagai @ oath, contract, alliance

15. 0: ng soghan moghol onion Mongol $ songgin-a @ $ monggol @ onion Mongol

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 41 = ________________________________________________________________________ uyak chekuyak to pull, draw $ uyangg-a @ $ cinggaga- @ harmony, euphony, melody to pull

16. 0: q angIn famous $ xanggin @ essential

17. 0: a aslan [1] gch kkreulu lion difficult(y) to roar (lion); to bellow great, high $ arslan @ $ kcir @ $ krkir- @ $ rlg @ lion difficult, tiresome to growl, grunt, snarl high

[1] Both 'aslan' and 'arslan' are used.

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 42 = ________________________________________________________________________ III. Positional Changes I/a sari i/m sarmIsak u/l toklu /l trl x/b bahar i/g bilgi a/u buhar l/a sallayellow garlic yearling sheep $ sir-a @ $ sarimsag @ $ tugul @ yellow garlic calf less than a year old kind, sphere, branch spring talent, wisdom steam, vapor to beckon, wave the hand

kind, sort, variety $ trl @ spring knowledge, learning, information steam to swing, shake, rock; to wave $ xabur @ $ bilig @ $ agur @ $ dalal- @

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 43 = ________________________________________________________________________ IV. Some patterns which have changed significantly, are complicated or do not follow simple rules kum sol(ak) uch bay erken tuz hani tarim tarla uchkun yular n krk aygIr kpr dingil baghIrbaghIrsak burunduruk serin sand, sandstone left-handed tip, point, top, end gentleman; rich early salt where?, how? agriculture field spark halter in front of, before, first bellows stallion bridge axis to shout, yell, cry intestine, bowel, gut, entrail (animals:) nose cover cool, fresh $ xumag @ $ sologai @ $ zgr @ $ bayan @ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ rt @ dabusu @ qamig-a @ tariy-a @ tariyalang @ oci @ zilugu @ mn- @ kgrg @ azirg-a @ kgrg @ tngglig @ barkira- @ bagasu @ fine sand left side or hand tip, point, summit, end; top richness, prosperity; rich early salt where paddy, field agriculture spark reins south, front, before bellows stallion, male bridge axletree to shout, cry, yell excrement, manure, dung rope (through a nose) cool

$ burantag @ $ srign @

eyer burktemiz tavuk

saddle to twist clean, sober chicken

$ mgl @ $ muski- @ $ cbr (?) @ $ takiy-a @

saddle to turn, twist, twirl clean, pure chicken

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 44 = ________________________________________________________________________ bbrek 12, 16 bogh- 10, 20 bogha 11, 16, 20 boghum 16, 20, 26 bghr- 16 bohcha 6, 10, 16, 22 blk 12, 14, 16, 23, 24 boncuk 16, 17 bora 6, 10, 16 boran 27, 29 boz 36, 39 budala 6 bughday 12, 16, 21, 36 bughra 12, 16, 21 buhar 42 bkk 14 bul- 13 bulak 16, 23, 24 bulanik 24 bunak 16 burchak 5, 12, 16, 23 burk- 12, 16, 29, 43 br- 15 burun 12, 16 burunduruk 43 btn 14 by 15, 35 buz 14, 16, 36 bz- 14, 36 buzaghI 9, 13, 16, 36 car 17 carla- 5, 17 cebe 17 cengiz 17 chagh 5, 20 chakIm 22 chakIn 22 chalchene 17, 24, 27 chalka- 17 chalkala- 17 chalkalan- 5 chamur 13, 18, 26, 29 chay 17 chek- 7, 41

Index to the Turkish Words achImla- 18, 26 acI 40 adak 38, 40 adim 19, 40 agha 20 aghla- 5 aile 8 al 5 al- 25 ala 40 aldan- 6, 25 altIn 5, 8, 32 an 27 angIn 27, 39, 41 angut 13, 27, 33 ant 27, 32 ara- 5 arak 5, 39 arI 9, 29 arish 8, 32 arka 29 armut 29, 40 arpa 28, 29, 38 arslan 30 aslan 41 at 5, 32, 38, 40 av 5, 33, 38 aygIr 43 ayran 27 azat 33, 36 azI 9, 36 bacanak 15, 17 bagh 20 baghIr- 15, 21, 43 baghIrsak 43 baghla- 5, 15, 20 bahadIr 6, 15, 32 bahar 42 bal 15, 24 balta 15, 24 batur 6, 15, 32

bay 16, 43 bek 16, 39 bel 7, 16, 24 belgi 7, 10, 16, 24 bez 7, 16, 36 bileghi 9, 10, 16, 21, 24 bilezik 10, 36 bilgi 9, 16, 24, 42 billur 10, 25, 29 bin 9, 16 biz 36

cheri 17 chichek 9, 17, 23 chim 18 chim- 18, 26 chimdik 17, 19 chin 17, 27 chiy 9, 35 chiz- 9 chk- 24 chkelek 18 chl 12, 17, 24

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 45 = ________________________________________________________________________ chp 12, 28 chulpan 6, 13, 24, 29 chuval 18, 34 dadan- 6, 19, 28 dagh 21 dagharcIk 17 dal 5, 18, 24, 39 dalak 5, 18, 39 dalga 6, 18, 19, 25, 40 damga 18, 19, 21, 25 dayak 5, 18, 23 defter 19, 32 deghirmen 9, 18, 21, 25 demir 7, 10, 18, 25, 29 deve 7, 18, 34 dik 19 dingil 9, 18, 43 dl 12, 18, 25 duldala- 13 ebe 8, 16 egh- 21 eghir- 9, 21 elchi 6, 25 elma 7, 38 elmas 7, 25 en 7, 27 er 6, 29, 38 erdem 6 erk 6, 29, 38 erken 29, 43 esen 30 eshek 7, 23, 32, 38 eyer 8, 29, 35, 43 eylem 7, 26 gebe 16 geghir- 9, 20 gerek 20, 23 gerekche 7, 17, 19, 24 gev- 20, 33 gevrek 20, 23, 34, 38 gIdIkla- 5, 8, 18, 20, 23 hIckIr- 21 hIrchIn 8 hIrcInlIk 21, 28 hIrgr 22 hIrgr- 29 hIrIltI 22 ikiz 9, 36 ilk 10, 25 ilkin 25 im 9, 26 inek 7, 10, 24 IshkIr- 32 iz 9, 36 kabar- 6, 22, 29 kaburga 13, 16, 19, 22 kadIn 9, 18, 22 kaghan 22 kamu 22, 26, 40 kan- 22, 27 kapa- 28 kara 22, 29 karpuz 24, 28, 36 karshI 22, 31 kas 22 kasharlan- 22, 31 kasharlI 5 kasIk 22, 30 katI 9 kavla- 22, 34 kavra- 34 kavruk 34 kavur- 34 kavush- 24, 32, 34 kayna- 35 kayra 36 kelepir 7, 8, 10, 23 kemir- 29 kert- 22, 33 kesek 23 kesik 7, 23, 30 kIl 8, 23, 25

gghs 12, 20, 21, 31 gk 12, 20, 22, 26, 38 glk 12, 20 gtr- 20, 29 gch 14, 20, 39, 41 gmrk 14 grlde- 15 grz 36, 38 hakan 5, 21, 27 hakla- 21, 23 han 21, 27 hani 43 hatun 21 haykIr- 21, 31, 35

kim 10, 26 kip 10, 28 kir 9, 29 kIraghI 8, 9, 20 kIs- 8 koch 11, 38 kolan 6, 10, 24 kon- 10, 27, 39 konak 6 konalka- 22 konch 11 kop- 10 kopchala- 11, 22, 28 kpr 12, 43

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 46 = ________________________________________________________________________ kpk 12 kopuz 28, 36 koru- 13 krk 12, 43 kova 6, 10, 34 kovcu 13 kovla- 10, 34 koyun 10, 13, 35 kchk 24 kkre- 14, 39, 41 kkrt 33 kulak 22, 39 kum 13, 26, 43 kuraltay 12, 22 kuru 22, 38 kurut 13, 33 kus- 13 kuzu 14, 36 mele- 26 moghol 40 mor 26 nar 27, 38 bek 12 br 12, 16 ch 12, 18 odun 18, 40 kz 12, 15, 36 l- 12, 40 olcay 5, 11, 36 lger 12 n 43 r- 12, 40 ordu 10 orun 10 ot 10 otak 6, 10 oymak 11 z 39 serin 7, 43 seyrek 7, 23, 30, 36 shallak 31 sheker 7, 29, 31 shishek 23, 31, 32, 38 sicim 9, 30 sIgh- 21 sIk- 22, 31 sindir- 9, 27, 30 sIr 8, 31 sIrIk 8 sIrt 9, 33 sIva- 8, 31, 34 siy- 30 soghan 5, 21, 30, 38, 40 sokur 13 sol 25 sol(ak 30, 43 sn- 12, 30, 39 sor- 11 soru- 11 su 30, 39 sn- 15 sungur 13, 19, 27, 30 spr- 28 sprge 14, 28, 31 srek 7 sr 14, 29, 30, 40 sr- 15, 31 st 14, 30, 33 taban 27 tak- 6, 22 tanI- 8, 27, 32 tanri 32 tansIk 9, 23, 27 tap- 28 tapala- 6, 28 tarim 26, 43

pars 28, 30 pek 28 pIrIlda- 28 pulat 6, 13, 28, 33 sach- 30, 39 sachak 6, 30 sagh- 20, 38 sakal 22, 30 sakIn- 8, 28 sal 5, 30 salla- 25, 31, 42 sallak 5, 23, 25 san- 27, 38 sancak 27 sandal 31 sari 30, 42 sarmIsak 30, 42

tarla 43 tav 34 tavuk 43 teke 32 tekle- 8, 23 temiz 33, 43 tep- 28 tepke 32 ters 30 tIk- 8, 23, 33, 38 tiksin- 28, 33 titre- 10, 33, 38 toklu 11, 42 tolga 11, 33 topal 28, 33 topalla- 6 tor 11

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 47 = ________________________________________________________________________ tortu 11 toz 11, 32, 36, 39 tugh 20 tulga 13, 14 tulum 13, 26 tmen 6, 27, 32 tn 33 tr 14, 32 tre 7, 14 tre- 7, 15, 32 trl 42 tuz 43 uch 18, 43 uchkun 13, 43 g 15 ulak 5, 13, 23, 38 ulu 14, 40, 41 ulu- 13, 39 ulus 13, 25, 30 re- 14 urgan 13 rk- 14, 23, 39 uruk 13 uyak 13, 38, 41 uygur 36 zm 14, 26, 36 ver- 34, 39 yaka 22, 34 yalvar- 34, 35, 38 yansha- 5, 27, 31, 34 yanshak 24 yara 34 yara- 6, 35 yargI 9, 19, 35 yarIm 8, 35 zinci 30 zincir 37 zindan 9, 37 zoka 37

yarlIk 23 yas- 38 yasa 35 yash 32, 35 yatughan 20, 34 yatuk 20, 34 yeghen 21 yen- 7 yench- 7 yIl 8, 34 yoghur- 11, 35, 38 yol- 11 yolcu 11, 17, 35 yom 26 yn 12, 28, 35 ykle- 23 yular 43 yrek 7, 15, 35, 38 yz 15, 35, 36, 39 yz- 35, 39 Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 48 = ________________________________________________________________________ Index to the Mongolian Words ab- 25 aba 5, 33, 38 g- 21 ggl- 5 gr- 9, 21 ki 10, 25 kin 25 al 5 alag 40 alcam 19, 40 lci 6, 25 alim-a 7, 38 almas 7, 25 almurad 29, 40 altan 5, 8, 32 lzig 7, 23, 32, 38 mg 8, 16 mgl 8, 29, 35, 43 mn- 43 anar 27, 38 andagai 27, 32, 38, 40 andu- 6, 25 ng 7, 27 anggir 13, 27, 33 r- 6, 29, 38 arad 33, 36 aral 8, 32 arag-a 9, 36 arbai 28, 29, 38 rdm 6 barkira- 15, 21, 43 bars 28, 30 bayan 16, 43 baza 15, 17 bag 20 bagasu 43 bagatur 6, 15, 32 bagla- 5, 15, 20 baguu 16, 20, 26 bid 36 bidagu 6 bilg 9, 10, 16, 21, 24 bilig 9, 16, 24, 42 biragu 9, 13, 16, 36 bg 15, 35 bgr- 12, 16 bkgr 14 bol- 40 bolod 6, 13, 28, 33 blg 12, 14, 16, 23, 24 bolor 10, 25, 29 boro 36, 39 boru 26 borugan 6, 10, 16, 27, 29 bs 7, 16, 36 btn 14 bogcu 6, 10, 16, 22 bogu- 10, 20 bulangkir 24 blzg 10, 36 bulag 16, 23, 24 burantag 12, 16, 43

ri- 5 ariki 5, 39 arigun 9, 29 rk 6, 29, 38 arslan 30, 41 rt 29, 43 aru 29 sn 30 ax-a 20 ayil 8 ayimag 11 ayirag 27 azirg-a 43 azigla- 18, 26 agta 5, 32, 38, 40 agulza- 24, 32, 34 agur 42 bki 16, 28, 39 bl 7, 15, 16, 24 blg 7, 10, 16, 24 balta 15, 24 blzig 10, 36 bari- 34, 39

burcag 5, 12, 16, 23 bri- 15 bsl- 14, 36 buur-a 12, 16, 21 bux-a 11, 16, 20 bugudai 12, 16, 21, 36 bugui 16, 20, 26 cbr 33, 43 ccg 9, 17, 23 ccr- 10, 33, 38 cai 17 cakilgan 22 calciy-a 17, 24, 27 calgi- 17 calgila- 5, 17 crig 17 cag 5, 20 cicir- 10, 33, 38 cig 19 cigig 9, 35 ciki- 8, 23, 33, 38 cimki 17, 19 cing 17, 27

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 49 = ________________________________________________________________________ cinggis 17 cinggaga- 7, 41 cir- 15, 31 cb 12, 28 cl 12, 17, 24 colmon 6, 13, 24, 29 cmr- 24 dabalgan 6, 18, 19, 25, 40 dbtr 19, 32 dabusu 43 dad- 6, 19, 28 dalal- 25, 31, 42 daldala- 13 dlig 5, 18, 39 dalu 5, 18, 24, 39 das- 6, 19, 28 dooradu 11 dogol 28, 33 dogul- 6 dugulg-a 11, 13, 14, 33 gangna- 35 gasigun 40 gox-a 37 gdgl- 5, 8, 18, 20, 23 grci 7, 17, 19, 24 grlt- 28 gindan 9, 37 ginzi 30, 37 gkir 9, 29 kgs 12 kgrg 12, 28, 43 kk 12, 20, 22, 26, 38 kk 12, 20, 21, 31 klg 12, 20 kmrg 14 ktl- 20, 29 kcir 14, 41 kc 14, 20, 39 kkr 33 klg 12, 20 krkir- 14, 39, 41 krz 36, 38 mayila- 26 mingg-a 9, 16 modu(n 18, 40 mgr- 16 moncog 16, 17 monggol 40 ms 14, 16, 36 munug 16 muski- 12, 16, 29, 43 nasu 32, 35 obog-a 12 oci 13, 43 gr- 12, 16 ol- 13 olong 6, 10, 24 lzi 5, 11, 36

ikr- 9, 36 im 9, 26 ir 9, 36 isig 23, 31, 32, 38 iskr- 32 iskir- 32 kb 10, 28 kbrg 20, 23, 34, 38 kbi- 20, 33 kgl 16 kkr- 9, 20 kmli- 29 kn 10, 26 kancu 11 krg 20, 23 krgl 22, 29 krldgn 22 krcgi 8, 21, 28 krci- 22, 33 krcigin- 21 ksg 7, 23, 30 kilbar 7, 8, 10, 23 kilgasu 8, 23, 25 kiragu 8, 9, 20 kgrg 12, 43 kgrld- 15

ordo 10 rlg 14, 40, 41 r 39 oron 10 r- 12, 40 s 12, 18 otaci 10 otog 6, 10 qamig-a 43 sacu- 30, 39 sacug 6, 30 sgr 9, 33 saki- 8, 28 sal 5, 30 sana- 27, 38 sancig 27 srg 8 srign 7, 43 sarimsag 30, 42 saxal 22, 30 syirg 7, 23, 30, 36 saga- 20, 38 shalig 5, 23, 25, 31 shongxor 13, 19, 27, 30 siba- 8, 31, 34 sibar 13, 18, 26, 29

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 50 = ________________________________________________________________________ sig- 30 sigr 14, 28, 31 sigrd- 28 sikir 7, 29, 31 singg- 9, 27, 30 singxur 13, 19, 27, 30 sir 8, 31 sir-a 30, 42 sixa- 21, 22, 31 sizim 9, 30 sologai 25, 30, 43 songgin-a 5, 21, 30, 38, 40 sni 33 sn- 12, 30, 39 soru- 11 soxor 13 s 14, 30, 33 sumal 18, 34 sung- 15 sunu- 15 sura- 11 srg 7, 14, 29, 30, 40 taba 34 tbg 28, 32 tabag 27 tggl- 8, 23 tugul 11, 42 ckn 24 il 7, 26 kr 12, 15, 36 ulag-a 5, 13, 23, 38 uli- 13, 39 ligr 12 ulus 13, 25, 30 niy- 7, 10, 24 r- 12 urax-a 13 rzi- 14 rg- 14, 23, 39 urug 13 usu 30, 39 uyangg-a 13, 38, 41 uyigur 36 zgr 18, 43 zm 14, 26, 36 uguli 15 xabirg-a 13, 16, 19, 22 xabud- 6, 22, 29 xabur 42 xamur- 34 xamug 22, 26, 40 xan 21, 27

tgrm- 9, 18, 21, 25 tgri 32 tk 32 taki- 28 takiy-a 43 tmg 7, 18, 34 tamag-a 18, 19, 21, 25 tmr 7, 10, 18, 25, 29 tngglig 9, 18, 43 tangsug 9, 23, 27 tani- 8, 27, 32 tarbus 24, 28, 36 tariy-a 26, 43 tariyalang 43 trs 30 tayag 5, 18, 23 tagarcug 17 tagla- 6, 28 tngri 32 tl 12, 18, 25 toor 11 tr- 7, 15, 32 tr 7, 14 trl 14, 32, 42 toxu- 6, 22 togosu 11, 32, 36, 39 tulum 13, 26 tmn 6, 27, 32 tug 20

xan- 22, 27 xanggin 27, 39, 41 xar-a 22, 29 xarsi 22, 31 xasa 22, 30 xashkir- 21, 31, 35 xasir 5 xasirla- 22, 31 xaskir- 21, 31, 35 xasu- 8 xatagu 9 xatun 9, 18, 21, 22 xayir-a 36 xaga- 28 xagal- 21, 23 xagan 5, 21, 22, 27 xagur- 34 xagura- 22, 34 xagurai 22, 34, 38 xobci 13 xobis 28, 36 xobla- 10, 34 xobug-a 6, 10, 34 xobxo 10 xoni 10, 13, 35 xono- 10, 27, 39 xonog 6 xonugla- 22 xori- 13

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 51 = ________________________________________________________________________ xubcala- 11, 22, 28 xuca 11, 38 xulugu 22, 39 xumag 13, 26, 43 xural 12, 22 xurag-a 14, 36 xurud 13, 33 xusu- 13 ygl- 23 yanchi- 7 yangsi- 5, 27, 31, 34 yangsiy-a 24 yar-a 34 yatug-a 20 yatugan 34 zbsg 17 zalbari- 34, 35, 38 zanci- 7 Zandan 31 zar 17 zarim 8, 35 zarla- 5, 17 zarlig 23 Index to the English Words abhor 28, 33 about 11 accustomed 6, 19, 28 acquire 6, 19, 28 add 6, 22 adore 28 adverse 30 affair 20, 23 after 8, 28 age 5, 20, 32, 35 agriculture 26, 43 alarmed 14, 23, 39 alag bulag 25 alive 7, 26 all 14, 22, 26, 40 all(together 22, 26, 40 alliance 27, 32, 38, 40 ambassador 6, 25 animal 12, 13, 20, 26, 38 animals 12, 18, 25 announcement 17

zaru- 6, 35 zargu 9, 19, 35 zasa- 38 zasag 35 zax-a 22, 34 zib- 18, 26 zig 21 zigsi- 28, 33 zil 8, 34 zilugu 43 zim 18 ziru- 9 zirk 7, 15, 35, 38 zis 15, 35, 36, 39 zigulci 11, 17, 35 zigura- 11, 35, 38 zgki 18 zol 26 zg 12, 28, 35 zulgaga- 11 zs- 35, 39

antagonistic 30 anti- 22, 31 apart 10 appear 7, 15, 32 appearanc 39 appearance 15, 35, 36 apple 7, 29, 38, 40 apply 8, 31, 34 area 10 army 10, 17 arrange 12, 40 ashes 11, 32, 36, 39 ask 11 aspect 12, 28, 35 asunder 10 attach 6, 22 attack 7 attention 8, 18, 26, 28 axe 15, 24 axis 9, 18, 43 axletree 9, 18, 43 ayran 27 babbler 24 back 5, 9, 18, 24, 29, 30, 33, 39 backbiting 13 backbone 9, 33 backpack 6, 10, 16, 22 bag 6, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 22, 26, 34 balk 14, 23, 39 band 20

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 52 = ________________________________________________________________________ bank 22, 34 banner 20, 27 barley 28, 29, 38 barrier 22, 31 bead 16, 17 bean 5, 12, 16, 23 beard 22, 30 beat 5, 7, 18, 21, 23 beautiful 9, 23, 27 beckon 25, 31, 42 become 40 before 43 beg 34, 35, 38 beginning 10, 25 behaviour 7, 26 belch 9, 20 bellow 14, 16, 39 bellows 12, 43 belly 6, 10, 16, 24 belt 14, 36 brutal 8, 21, 28 bucket 6, 10, 34 built 12, 40 bull 11, 16, 20 bunch 20 bunches 5, 15, 20 bundle 10, 16, 20, 22 burp 9, 20 buttocks 29 buttons 11, 22, 28 calf 9, 11, 13, 16, 36, 42 call 17 calm 30 camel 7, 12, 16, 18, 21, 34 cane 5, 18, 23 careful 22, 31 carry 20, 29 cart 8, 32 cattle 7, 14, 29, 30, 40 chains 30, 37

bend 21 bent 14 billy 32 bind 10, 20 birth 7, 15, 32 bitter 40 black 22, 29 blame 10, 34 bleat 26 blind 13 block 8, 23, 28 blue 12, 20, 22, 26, 38 bond 20, 30, 37 book 19, 32 boot 11 border 22, 34 boss 20 boundary 27 bow 21 bowel 43 bracelet 10, 36 branch 14, 32, 42 brand 18, 19, 21, 25 break 10, 21, 23, 24 breast 12, 16, 17, 20, 21, 31 breed 14 bridge 12, 28, 43 bring 32 brittle 20, 23, 34, 38 broad 7, 27 broadness 7, 27 broom 14, 28, 31 brother 20 brother-in-law 15, 17 brown 26, 36, 39

chamber 6 change 23, 40 chase 5, 33, 38 chatterbox 17, 24, 27 cheap 7, 8, 10, 23 cheese 13, 33 chew 20, 33 chicken 43 chief 20, 21, 27 child 21 Chinggis 17 Chingis 17 chink 27 chip 21, 23 choke 10, 20 cinch 6, 10, 24 clan 13 clean 9, 29, 33, 43 close 6, 11, 22, 28, 35 club 8 code 35 collapse 24 collar 22, 34 colourful 40 command 23 commencement 25 comment 18 common vetch 5, 12, 16, 23 companion 14, 16, 23, 24 complete 14 completely 34 complexion 15, 35, 36, 39 conceal 13 confine 13 connect 35

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 53 = ________________________________________________________________________ constrict 14, 36 container 23 content 22 contract 27, 32, 38, 40 converse 30 convey 20, 29 cool 7, 43 cord 9, 30 cork 6, 28 correct 38 counter- 22, 31 country 13, 25, 30 courier 5, 13, 23, 38 course 19 cover 15 cow 7, 10, 24 crack 27 discover 13 disgusted 28, 33 dispute 22, 29 dissolve 9, 27, 30 divide 35, 39 division 6, 27, 32 doctor 10 donkey 7, 23, 32, 38 dotard 16 drag 15, 31 draw 7, 9, 11, 41 dregs 11 dress 6, 11, 22, 28 drove 14, 29, 30, 40 dry 22, 34, 38 duck 13, 27, 33 dung 43

crackly 20, 23, 34, 38 cram 8, 23, 33, 38 cream 18 crippled 28, 33 crisp 20, 23, 34, 38 cruel 8, 21, 28 crunch 21 crush 7, 21, 23 cry 5, 15, 17, 21, 43 crystal 10, 25, 29 cud 20, 33 curd 13, 33 curds 18 curve 21 curved 14 customs 14 cut 7, 22, 23, 30, 33, 35, 39 dampness 9, 35 dark 22, 29 daughter 21 declivity 7, 16, 24 decree 23 deed 7, 26 defeat 7 denunciator 13 deposit 11, 12, 28 desert 12, 17, 24 desolate 12, 17, 24 dew 9, 35 diamond 7, 25 die 12 die down 12, 30, 39 different 12, 16 difficult 14, 41 difficult(y 14, 41 direction 12, 19, 28, 35 dirt 9, 29 dirty 24

durable 16, 39 dust 11, 32, 36, 39 dynasty 7, 13, 14, 25, 30 ear 22, 39 early 29, 43 earwax 22, 39 eave 6, 30 edge 22, 34 edict 23 elder 20 element 39 emperor 5, 21, 22, 27 empire 13, 25, 30 emprison 13 encapsulate 34 encircle 14, 36 enclose 13 end 18, 43 enfold 15 entrail 43 envelop 15 erase 9, 27, 30 erect 12, 40 err 6, 25 eruct 9, 20 eructate 9, 20 essence 39 essential 27, 39, 41 euphony 13, 38, 41 excited 15 excrement 43 exhaust 12 experience 6, 19, 28 experienced 22, 31 explorer 11, 17, 35 extend 15 extinguished 12, 30, 39 extremely 28

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 54 = ________________________________________________________________________ fabric 7, 16, 36 face 15, 35, 36, 39 falcon 13, 19, 27, 30 fall 24 family 8 famous 27, 39, 41 fasten 5, 15, 20 fawn 9, 13, 16, 36 feature 7, 10, 15, 16, 24, 35, 36, 39 feeble-minded 16 female 12, 20, 21, 31 field 26, 43 filth 9, 29 germ 12, 18, 25 gird 14, 36 girth 6, 10, 24 give 34, 39 give way 24 glaze 8, 31 gleam 28 glitter 28 glow 28 gnaw 29 go back 21 go out 12, 30, 39 goat 23, 31, 32, 38 god 32

find 13 finger 10, 36 fire 12, 30, 39 firewood 18, 40 firm 16, 28, 39 first 10, 25, 43 fishhook 37 fissure 27 fit 21 fix 38 flag 20, 27 flatten 38 flimsy 20, 23, 34, 38 flock 7, 12, 14, 29, 30, 40 flower 9, 17, 23 foam 12 foot 27 force 14, 20, 39 forearm 16, 20, 26 fork 8 form 10, 28 forth 7, 15, 32 fortune 26 forward 14 fragile 20, 23, 34, 38 frail 20, 23, 34, 38 free 33, 36 freight 23 fresh 7, 43 frightened 14, 23, 39 fringe 6, 30 front 43 frost 8, 9, 20 fry 34 garlic 30, 42 garment 11, 22, 28 garrulous 24 gather 14, 36 gelding 5, 32, 38, 40 gentleman 16, 43 gerfalcon 13, 19, 27, 30

gold 5, 8, 32 good luck 26 gossip 17, 24, 27 government 7, 14, 35 grand-(mother 8, 16 grandmother 8, 16 grape 14, 26, 36 grasp 25, 34, 39 grass 18 great 14, 40, 41 grey 26, 36, 39 grip 34, 39 groin 22, 30 ground 15, 31 group 7, 12, 14, 16, 20, 23, 24, 29, 30, 40 growl 14, 39, 41 grunt 14, 39, 41 guide 20, 29 gut 43 hackneyed 22, 31 hair 8, 23, 25 half 8, 35 halter 43 hammer 15, 24 hand 25, 30, 31, 34, 39, 42 handcuffs 10, 36 hands 34, 35, 38 Happiness 5, 11, 36 hard 9 harmony 13, 38, 41 harp 20, 34 hate 28, 33 hatred 12, 18 haul 15, 31 he-goat 32 healthy 30 heart 7, 15, 35, 38, 39 heaven 32 helmet 11, 13, 14, 33 herb(al medicine) 10

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 55 = ________________________________________________________________________ hero 6, 15, 29, 32, 38 hide 13 high 14, 40, 41 hinder 8, 23 hindrance 22, 31 hold 34, 39 hold tight 11 honest 17, 27 honey 15, 24 hoof 27 hook 37 kind 14, 32, 42 king 21, 27 knead 11, 35, 38 knit 12, 40 knot 16, 20, 26 know 8, 27, 32 knowledge 9, 16, 17, 24, 42 known 5, 17 kumiss 27 lacquer 8, 31 lady 9, 18, 21, 22

hope 34 horse 5, 12, 13, 16, 17, 20, 32, 38, 40 horses 5, 23, 38 horsetail 20 hotel 6 household 8 households 6, 27, 32 how 43 howl 13, 21, 31, 35, 39 hull 11 hunt 5, 33, 38 hurrican 6, 10, 16 ibex 32 ice 14, 16, 36 imagine 27, 38 incline 21 inclined 14 incomplete 8, 35 increase 14 inferior 11 information 9, 16, 24, 42 initial 10, 25 inquire 11 insignificant 11 instant 27 instruction 17 interesting 9, 23, 27 interior 39 intestine 43 inverse 30 iron 7, 10, 18, 25, 29 issue 12, 18, 25 jabber 5, 27, 31, 34 jam 8, 23, 33, 38 join 34, 35, 38 joint 16, 20, 26 judge 9, 19, 35 keep 28 khan 5, 21, 22, 27 kick 28 kid 23, 31, 32, 38 kidney 16 kidney 12, 16

lamb 14, 36 lame 6, 28, 33 landowner 20 law 7, 14, 35 lawn 18 lawsuit 9, 19, 35 lead 20, 29 league 11 learning 6, 9, 16, 24, 42 leather 13, 17, 26 left 25, 43 left-handed 30, 43 leg 11 lengthen 15 leopard 28, 30 level 38 lewd 5, 23, 25, 31 lightning 22 ligitation 9, 19, 35 limp 6, 28, 33 line 12, 40 lion 30, 41 liquor 5, 39 loathe 28, 33 log 18, 40 look for 5 lord 20 love 36 low 11, 16 lower 11 luck 5, 11, 26, 36 luth 28, 36 magic 15, 35 male 6, 29, 38, 43 man 6, 29, 38 mane 8, 23, 25 manure 43 mark 7, 9, 10, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 26 marriage 13 master 20 matter 7, 20, 23, 26, 39 mature 40 meet 24, 32, 34

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 56 = ________________________________________________________________________ meeting 12, 22 melody 13, 38, 41 melon 24, 28, 36 mercy 36 merge 24, 32, 34 messenger 5, 13, 23, 38 midwife 8, 16 milk 14, 20, 30, 33, 38 offspring 12, 18, 25 old 5, 11, 42 oneself 22, 27 onion 5, 21, 30, 38, 40 opportune 34 opposed 30 opposing 22, 31 opposite 22, 30, 31

mill 9, 18, 21, 25 mince 22, 33 misfire 8, 23 miss 8, 23 mistake 6, 25 mix 11, 35, 38 model 10, 12, 28 moisture 9, 35 molar 9, 36 moment 27, 34 Mongol 40 moo 16 Morning star 6, 13, 24, 29 most 7, 27 motley 25 mud 8, 13, 18, 26, 29, 31, 34 multicolored 40 multiply 14 mumble 20, 33 muscle 22 naked 5, 23, 25, 31 nation 6, 10, 13, 25, 30 necessity 20, 23 neck 16, 17 nectar 15, 24 need 20, 23 neol 32 nephew 21 net 11, 13 newborn 12, 18, 25 niece 21 night 6, 10, 22, 27, 33, 39 nipples 12, 20, 21, 31 node 16, 20, 26 noisy 24 nonsense 17, 24, 27 nose 12, 16, 43 nose cover 43 notch 22, 33 note 18, 26 notice 18, 26 oath 27, 32, 38, 40 obscene 5, 23, 25, 31 observe 8, 18, 26, 28 obstacle 22, 31 off 17 offering 28

order 5, 12, 17, 23, 40 origin 16, 23, 24, 25 ornamental 16, 17 other 12, 16 Otog 10 out 11, 28 overalls 13, 26 overcome 21, 23 owl 15 ox 12, 15, 36 pace 19, 40 package 6, 10, 16, 22 packthread 9, 30 paddy 26, 43 pail 6, 10, 34 painful 40 paint 9 palace 10 palms 34, 35, 38 part 7, 8, 12, 14, 16, 23, 24, 30, 35 parti-colored 40 paw 27 pay 8, 28 pear 7, 29, 38, 40 peel off 22, 34 pek 16, 39 people 8, 13, 25, 30, 33, 36 period 5, 20 permit 38, 40 perpendicular 19 pharmacist 10 piece 7, 23, 30 pile 12 pinch 17, 19 pipe 13, 26 place 10, 12, 17, 24 placenta 16 plait 12, 40 plaster 8, 31, 34 plead 34, 35, 38 pluck 11 pocket 17 point 18, 43 pole 8, 32 politics 35 pomegranate 27, 38

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 57 = ________________________________________________________________________ ponder 27, 38 position 10 possible 40 pour 17 pouring 23 reverse 30 rhyme 13, 38 rib 13, 16, 19, 22 rich 16, 43 richness 16, 43

powder 11, 32, 36, 39 power 6, 14, 20, 29, 38, 39 prattle 5, 27, 31, 34 pray 34, 35, 38 praying 34, 35, 38 pregnant 16 press 8, 21, 22, 23, 31, 33, 38 princess 9, 18, 21, 22 prison 9, 37 process 7, 26 profit 6, 35 profligate 5 profligate 23, 25, 31 promise 27, 32, 38, 40 proof 7, 17, 19, 24 propagate 14 proper 34 prosperity 16, 43 protect 8, 13, 28 pucker 14, 36 pull 7, 11, 15, 31, 35, 39, 41 pure 9, 29, 33, 43 purple 26, 36, 39 purse 17 put 6, 12, 22, 40 quake 10, 33, 38 quarrel 22, 24, 29 queen 9, 18, 21, 22 quiet 30 quiver 10, 33, 38 raft 5, 30 rain 6, 10, 16, 27, 29 ram 11, 38 real 17, 27 rear 29 reason 7, 17, 19, 24 red 5, 16, 17 reduce 8 reflect 27, 38 reins 43 rejoice 15 relatives 13 relay 5, 13, 23, 38 repair 38 reproduce 14 requisite 20, 23 respect 8, 28 rest 10, 27, 39 return 21 reunited 24, 32, 34

rim 22, 34 ring 10, 36 rinse 17 roar 14, 39, 41 roast 34 robust 16, 30, 39 rock 25, 31, 42 root 39 rope 12, 13, 16, 43 rotate 9, 21 row 12, 40 rule 7, 14 ruler 5, 21, 27 ruminate 20, 33 run down 10, 34 sack 18, 34 sacrifice 12, 28 saddle 6, 8, 22, 29, 35, 43 salt 43 sand 13, 26, 43 sandalwood 31 sandstone 13, 26, 43 saying 12 scapula 5, 18, 24, 39 scar 9, 34, 36 scatter 30, 39 scorch 34 scorched 34 scrape 22, 33 scream 21, 31, 35 seal 18, 19, 21, 25 season 5, 20 section 7, 23, 30 sediment 11, 12, 28 seed 12, 18, 25 seize 11 self 39 set 12, 40 shaft 8, 32 shake 10, 25, 31, 33, 38, 42 shaman 15, 35 sheep 10, 11, 13, 35, 42 shine 28 shiver 10, 33, 38 shore 22, 34 shoulder 5, 18, 24, 39 shoulder blade 5, 18, 24, 39 shout 15, 21, 31, 35, 43 shovel 36, 38 shrink 8

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 58 = ________________________________________________________________________ shut 13, 28 shuttlecock 28, 32 stamp 18, 19, 21, 25 standard 20, 27

shy 14, 23, 39 sign 7, 10, 16, 24 silly 6 sink 18, 26 sirr 8 sister 21 skin 13, 26, 35, 39 sky 12, 20, 22, 32, 38 slacken 38 slander 10, 34 slanderer 13 sledge 15, 24 sleep 10, 27, 39 sleeve 11 slice 22, 33 small 24 smear 8, 31, 34 snap 10 snarl 14, 22, 39, 41 sober 33, 43 sole 27 solid 16, 28, 39 some 8, 35 sorcery 15, 35 sort 14, 32, 42 sound 30 source 16, 23, 24 south 43 sow 30, 39 spade 36, 38 spark 13, 22, 43 sparse 7, 23, 30, 36 spear 36, 38 spell 15, 35 spend 10, 27, 39 sphere 14, 32, 42 spin 9, 21 spine 9, 33 spirit 32 splash 5, 17 spleen 5, 18, 39 split 21, 23 spotted 40 spray 30, 39 spread 30, 39 spring 42 sprinkle 30, 39 sprocket 9, 36 squash 21, 22, 31 squeeze 21, 22, 31 staff 5, 18, 23 stallion 43 stammer 8, 23

state 7, 13, 14, 25, 30 stay 22 steam 42 steel 6, 13, 28, 33 step 19, 40 stick 5, 8, 18, 23, 33, 38 stocking 11 stop 28 stop up 6 stopper 6, 28 storehouse 14 story 12 straight 19 straightness 19 strangle 10, 20 strength 14, 20, 39 stretch 15 strew 30, 39 string 9, 30 strong 16, 28, 39 stuff 8, 23, 33, 38 stupid 6 stutter 8, 23 success 5, 11, 26, 36 suck 11 sugar 7, 29, 31 sulphur 33 summit 18, 43 suppose 27, 38 suppress 21, 23 surface 15, 35, 36, 39 surround 14, 36 sward 18 sweep 28 swell 6, 22, 29 swing 25, 31, 42 symbol 7, 10, 16, 24 tail 8, 23, 25 take 20, 25, 29, 34, 39 talebearing 13 talent 9, 16, 24, 42 talk 17, 24, 27 talkative 5, 24, 27, 31, 34 tassel 6, 16, 17, 30 tea 17 team 20 tempest 6, 10, 16 ten thousand 6, 27, 32 tent 6, 10 testicle 12, 16 thigh 22, 30 thill 8, 32 thin 7, 23, 30, 36

Hugjiltu: Comparison of Turkish and Mongolian = 59 = ________________________________________________________________________

thing 20, 23 think 27, 38 thousand 9, 16 through 21, 23 thrust 8, 23, 33, 38 thunder 15 thunderstorm 27, 29 tickle 5, 8, 18, 20, 23 tie 5, 10, 12, 15, 20, 30, 37, 40 tiger 28, 30 tighten 22, 31 time 5, 20 tip 18, 43 tiresome 14, 41 top 18, 43 trace 9, 26 tragic 40 trail 15, 31 trained 5 transfer 23 transfuse 23 trap 37 traveller 11, 17, 35 tremble 10, 33, 38 tribe 6, 10, 11 trick 37 truncated 7, 23, 30 tuft 6, 30 turbid 24 turf 18 turn 12, 16, 28, 29, 43 twine 9, 30 twins 9, 36 twirl 12, 16, 29, 43 twist 9, 12, 16, 21, 29, 43 twisted 14 type 10, 14, 28, 32 Uighur 36 ulcer 34 up 15 upright 17, 19, 27 urinate 30 use 6, 35 uyak 41 vapor 42 variety 42 varnish 8, 31 Venus 6, 13, 24, 29 verbose 24 very 28 vigourous 16, 39 vilify 10, 34 village 8 virtue 6

volume 19, 32 vomit 13 wail 5 waist 7, 16, 24 wall 12, 40 warehouse 14 wash 5, 17 waste 12, 28 water 30, 39 wave 6, 18, 19, 25, 31, 40, 42 waves 5 we 36 weapon 17 weep 5 weld 35 well 16, 23, 24 well bucket 6 wheat 12, 16, 21, 36 wheeze 22 where 43 whetstone 9, 10, 16, 21, 24 whiskers 22, 27, 30 whistle 32 who 10, 26 whole 14, 22, 26, 40 wicked 8, 21, 28 widely set 7, 23, 30, 36 wife 9, 18, 21, 22 wipe 28 wisdom 9, 16, 24, 42 wish 34 with 28, 33 wither 12 woman 22 woman 9, 18, 21 wood 18, 40 worship 28 wound 34 wrap 10, 15, 20, 34 wrist 16, 20, 26 year 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 34, 36, 42 yearling 23, 31, 32, 38 yell 15, 21, 31, 35, 43 yellow 30, 42 young 12, 18, 25 zither 20, 34