Bullies

Warm-up
1 Read these statements about bullying. what do you think of each one? Bullying is a problem i n every school. Most bullies are bpys. Most o f the victims of bullying are boys. Maay bullies are cowards,

People are sometimes bullied k a u k e sf

what they wear.

Listening
2 Read the interview T r y to guess the missing

words. Listen and check your answers.

make fun of: fo laugl~at Usth i n an unkind way

to kwp doing

sth: to do sth again and agah

.......................... .....+.

mad: Ihe~el ayy

I believe you've been having problems Jill in school. Kelly You can say that again! Jill What happened?' &Uv Well we used to live in Surrey but we moved to Birmingham earlier this ;ear. When 1 first went te Kingbury school, the kids used tte m a k fun of my southern accent, but I didn't think much af it. Some of the boys would make remarks and (1 I jokes as well. Jill Such as? Kelly Silly things really. They'd hide my (2) case or books, the usual things. As I said, I didn't think much of it until t h i n g (3) ta geL a lut worse. Jill What happened then? Kelly PJI the kids in my class had expensive new bainers, except me.They would taunt me and make fun of my (4) . I mean, I really like trainers but I nwer nag my mum abaut dethes bemuse she can't really afford the (5) I want. Anyway, one day a group o f girls hid my shoes in the changing room after a sports lesson. Then they kept p u s h i i their (6) in my face. I gat so angry that I told the teacher, Well, 1 got my shoes back but it made them sa mad that they attacked me after (71 .I had so many bruises that I was taken to casually for X-rays.

' last week.

Vocabulary
4 Math k

atest fashion.

c wards f m the iatecvlew to thie definitions.

nag casualty bunt bruise

1

acwnt

To talk to someone

3 Usten again and answer these questims. 1 Wy did the students i n Kelly's school make fun of her? 2 What kinds af jokes did they play on her? 3 When did the prablm get worse? 4 Why did they attack her?

contizluously in a ccmplahing and critical way. 2 A way of pronouncing words that i s cannected with the cotmtlg: area or sociaI class you come from. 3 Dark mark on the skin caused by a blow that injures but does mt break the skin. 4 The part of a hapita1 where ~eople hurt i n accidents get immediate heIp. 5 To make someone unhappy by saying cruel or unkind &ngs t o&em.

Takinp risks
warm-up
1 In Britain. young nien under twenty-one have the most car accidents because they show off

3 Who do you think had most responsibility for the accident?

and drive too fast. Women drivers of all ages have fewer accidents than male drivers. Who are the warst drivers in your country?
Ll

V O Cbulary ~
~~~~h the verbs in A to [he definitions in B.

Reading Pi
2 Read the article and put the phrases in the
qapss.

A break down
overtake swerve accelerate
brake knock down

B
make something, e.g- a car, move faster knock someone down and pass over (part of) his body cease to function because of a fault pass a rnoving person or vehicle change direction suddenly slaw down make someone fall

Phillip Oldfield. 18,was showing off all the driver coutd see was the roof of
Oldfield's car he had earlier admitted to police * The car ended up on its roof One of the passengers Less than three and a half hours' later had picked up Heather and three other pals

run over

Now use each verb in a sentence d your own.

( 'Show-off' kills girl 3 hours after driving test /

Teenage driver was egged on, jury told
A teenager killed a! 15-year-old girl i n a crash only TWZEE HOURS after passing his driving test, a court heard yesterday. (1) after being egged on by the girl and her friend who had encouraged Kim to show them what his father's car 'could d o ' . He went round a left-hand bend at over 100 kph, took off and ht a Land Rover parked i na lay-by. (2) - and schoolgirl Heather Wright, a passenger i n the back seat, was

Glossary
show off: trr. lo ullpr~sc other5 with onp :E al-rilitics
egg on: s t r ~ ~ n ~ ! v

enrnur3,ge
fiercely: vio!ent/rr

weave <about>: move dinne Iy /wr.cl~n,o and lurnrnq overreach: fa11kv tryroe in dn nwrr than IS pos~rl~lr

.,............-...

reckless: wrclrs. on/ rhmhng of the t vncrquences

.T.....+...

killed. OldfieM, of Ferrybridge, Yorkshire, t3) just before the tragedy. The jury at Leeds Crown Court heard that the young driver: FIERCELY accelerated and braked to throw his passengers around. OVERTOOK a car after driving so closely behind it that (4) . WEAVED about and hit the kerb twice. Prosecutor David Wagstaffe said: "She accused had just got through his driving test. (5) he had killed someone by his

....

'100

bad driving. He was deliberately showing off and had overreached his ability." , David Cackett, 17, urged (6) Oldfield to slow dawn and told him he was just being silly when he accelerated and braked, the j u c y heard. But Heather and another girl taunted Cackett, saying, 'Ooh, Mr Mature'. Oldfietd denies causing death by reckless driving although (7) that he had lost his nerve at the critical moment and this had led to disaster. The W contiPlues.

J------

, . d J = d -

lsgue eleven Fafi one

Improve your grammar ....1*.................1..................................................

Phrasal verbs
Look at these pairs of sentences. When 1 looked up I saw him in the window I looked the word up in a dictionary. 2 1 mn out of the room. We mn out of money while we were shopping.
1

You should give up cigarettes.

his new car off. 5 Turn off that music! 6 Please call the meeting off.
4 He showed

Pronunciation Ei
Sentence stress
7 Listen and mark the stress in these sentences.

1'

Which of the sentences contain a phrasal verb? What makes it a phrasal verb? Write a simple definition of a phrasal verb.

b Now look a t these examples. He picked his friends up in the car. He picked up his frrends in the cur:
To pick up is an example of a phrasal verb that takes an object. The object (his friends) can come before or after the particle (up).

She egged him on. I t ended up on its roof. 3 We broke down on the way to work. 4 Why does he always show off? 5 He ran someone over a few years ago.
i 2

Listen again, and repeat with the same stress.

Listening
8 Lincoln Trent (pictured here) is a snowboarder. Have you ever heard of or seen snowboarding? Do you think it's risky? W h y m y not?

When the object is a pronoun (it, them), it always comes before the particle. Example He picked them up In the car. r\lot

Now listen to the interview with Lincoln and answer these

questions.

Practice
S Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of a phrasal verb from the list below. Use each verb once.

1 How old i s Lincoln? 2 Does he snowboard in

competitions?
3 How often does he practise? 4 Where does he work?

break down go out with get through lookafter ringoff endup

1

H e failed all his exams and nothing.

with

2 He
3
4

all his exams last week.

5 Do the people a t work know about his snowboarding? 6 Does his mum like snowboarding? 7 Has he broken his wrist?

My caT doesn't work very well. It's always

My girlfriend and I three years now
each other for

Why does he like snowboarding? 9 What is his ambition?

8

Talking point
9 Work in small groups, and discuss these questions.
1 Would you take part in something like
2

My grandmother used to
was a baby.

me when 1

a The person
phone.

as soon as T answered the

6 Rewrite the sentences replacing the words in italics with it or them.

1 Will you fill in this licence application farm,
2
I

snowboarding? Whywhy not? What do you think of people like Lincoln Trent? Are they show-offs or people taking part in a serious sport?

please? Why don't you look the words up in a dictionary?

h u e eleven Part one

101

The future
Listening Eiil
2 Listen to a repad about consumer products nf the future and tick the objects that are mentioned.

U motor car

U Apollo spawhip

U motorbike

U electric bulb

ashing machine
I

:q .*
17 flat-screen TV

Look at the everyday objects above. Which of these use computer technology? What would you expect from an
'intelligent' (computer operated) version in the future? Share your answers with the class.

L O
bath
1 2

toilet seat

3 Listen again and decide which object will:

i
I
f i

Example
An intplligent car would find its own way to its

taIk to sateI1ites so that we do not get lust. be programmed with your personal details so that advertisers will direct advertisements to you. 3 monitor your health. 4 be able to change its shape.

destination.

Which of these developments would you want? Why?

Getting Streetwise! B improve your grammar , ".. "..""...,"..*......................,...,,.~,....,...,,.....~..

Future perfect will + hove + past participle
Example By the end of the century, they will have built

Reacting to something new

on

inteilSgent house.

We can use the future perfect for an action that

will be complete on, ar before, a certain date or t ~ m e in the future It is normally used with time expressions 11 ke by then, by the end of the century, by the year 2000, by erght o'clock, etc.

b When talk~ng about plans, we often include all goes well, all being we//,if expressions like if
r t goes according to plan.

Example All being well, I will have retired by the age of sixty-five.

Practice
4 Complete these sentences with the Future perfect form of the verbs below develop
build perfect
introduce

6 Some people are visiting an exhibition of houses of the future. Listen. Who do you think I is speaking E n each extract? Why?
Listen again. What is the function of these expressions?

finish

I By the end of the century this village

into a small town.

2

By the end of this year, the transport authorities a ban on smoking i n buses

So what do you think? Isn't it nice, Mum? Isn't this a fantastic kitchen?
7 Divide these responses into positive and negative reactions.
It's different. I think it's great. What a lovely house! I'm not sure I really like it.

and taxis.
3 They houses on this land by the end of the century.
4

Come and see me at ten. I homework by then.

my

5 When he has been in England for ten years, he

Wow!

his English.
5 Use w 7 l have + past participIe to answer these questions.
I A woman

Listen again. What is the difference between positive and negative sounding intonation?
8 Work in pairs. Tell your partner what you think of the houses. Try to use the correct intonation.

smokes Forty cigarettes a day. How many will she have smoked this time next year? She will

Talking point
9 Work in pairs or small groups. Imagine you have been asked La design a house for the
future.

Approximately how much will she have spent? (Use the current price in your country.) She will
have saved in a year's time? He will

3 A man saves 5 a week. Haw much will he

What rooms will you have? What appliances will there be?
Make a list of your ideas and share them with the class. Vote for the best idea.

4 What will you have achieved by the age of 30T By the age of 30 1 will

Issue eleven Part two

103

life of
Reading Bi
In 'A day in the life o f ...' people describe their lives - not only their daily routine, but also other aspects such as their work, leisure, tastes, habits
1 Read the article and find:
1 The time Debra goes la school. 2 The time she has breakfast on Sunday 3 The reason why she likes school. 4 What she does after school. 5 What she does when she goes to bed.

and activities. Debra McAlley wrote to New Streetwise describing her day.

mu&& 7 . 3 a.m. my r e t ~ ~ ~ retka a h &gwm ~r I W& h Wurday; I a Ripin on Sundays. I h y bed. kt is wry loud. I need that to wake me. I Ik k r n while Qeciditqwhether to s%ty inWso lmgihat I m e t i r n e ~ haw my pretend to be ill. This tridr usdly -2 h & a h u t 3 pm.. followed M e r doesn't Mk!%e5me

ww

1 mi?llygOto*~~c~r
thy &d

-.

rk-

Wrk. I hate Mi enjoy xbd M t y d frknds i have there.

1~l;arth W thqxhoal team, M l go home

t o go out with my ,,yfriend tnig. I see almost every ewming. I either do my hmewwk bore I see Mm, during the time I see him, or whenhi5 for the bus at 11 pm. My homework atways gets dane.
wtpevp

I ga

t a bed 1 Metl think about

fiver in Wallsend on Tyneside where she is at l'-nrple High School.

K

Debra McAlley, -teen,

I I

Improve your writing .....................

"1.....1....1....................................*

3 Complete these sentences so that they are true for you. When I get up in the morning 1 hate going to school because . 3 After school I either or . 4 In the evening, my father often asks me
1
2

Describing your day a A piece l~ke this is constructed from the

answers to lots of questions we might want to ask about a person's routines, etc.

-1

b The main tense used is the simple present and

the opening sentence sets the mood for what
follows. Example A t roughly 7.30 a.rn. my radio alarm rings.
C The text is made more interesting for the

5 My mother always tells me 6 I do my homework . 7 I'm n o t keen on . 8 I worry about or

. .

reader by: giving the reasons for some of the routines. giving some idea of what the writer's friends, family, teachers, etc. think or feel. Example My Mum never believes me.

4 Read through Debra's article again and write ten questions that the interviewer might have

asked her.
harnples
What time do you get up? Do you like getting up?

d Notice how we can use either ... or to express

choiceloptions.This avoids repetition. Example After school Ieither have basketball practice for the school team or I go home.

5 Share your questions with a partner. Did you have with the same ones? Write down any that you did not think of.

Writing
& Work with a different partner. Your aim is to find out your partner's routines and habits.
I Use the list of questions you made earlier as a

Remember to use expressions with -ing to talk about likes and dislikes. Example Ihate feeling left behind.

Practice
2 Join the sentences with either ... or.
Fiample At lunch I sometimes have a sandwich and I sometimes eat in the school canteen. A t lunch I either have a sandwich, or I eat in the school canteen.

basis for interviewing your partner. Ask additional questions if you want to. 2 Make notes of herhis answers and use your quest ions and the Improveyour writing guidelines to write a piece called 'A life in the day of ...' about your partner.

Self check
7 Show your draft to your partner. Discuss possible corrections before copying out a final version.

In the morning I sometimes walk to school and sometimes my father takes me. 2 In the evening I sometimes do my homework and I sometimes watch TV. 3 1 sometimes dream of becoming rich and 1 sometimes dream of getting a good job. 4 After school, I sometimes play football and I sometimes play basketball.
1

tre etwise songbook

FWI
'htuglr-, kwbom,nineam., And I ' m going t o be (2) h by &en:
# fniss . I the W - s o much,

Oh, I'ma r man, -~o&etmmbm~mthisfkup &$ain't the b d bf pla~e tb rair&~'W

..................................
Glossary

m
It's * l

m y .

kite: a childwnS toy that fiwats on the wind

i.

OM-h &;1. s : I n Such a timeless *ht.

(51 t

-h e days a w k .

--

md I thinkir~prohgtobea

touchdown: when a spaceship land3

fuse: electric wire

i
]

7H t o u ~ - b E i n gme s m u d again to
m'mt && (6)m
j

................... . . .......-...-:

. .-

i 1 Do you think p p l e will live or work on other i plarrets itl the future? Would you like to live or i work in space?

3 Listen and checkyour answers.

4 Does the rocket man enjoy h i s job? What doesn't he like about it? Have you changed your mind about your answers to exercise I ?

2 Look at the song. Try to predict the words that go in the gaps. The first letter has been

provided,

Discrimination

1 Parents!

w.;;;; --;

Truth and lies

When and how lften do people lie?

Warm-up
we treat

Reading Ed
2 Read the story of a young man living in a society where discrimination used lo be an accepted way of life and answer these questions.
I Where does the story take place? 2 What does Allen want? 3 Who spoke and behaved calmly? Allen or the old woman? 4 Why did the old woman refuse to give Allen a card? 5 Why did the old woman ignore him? 6 Who helped Allen? 7 Why did she agree to let Allen have a card?

When we discriminate against a person or group them differently (usually worse) than others,
1 Answer these questions in small groups. If you answeryes, tell your friends what you did and how you felt at the time. If you answer no, try to imagine how you would feel if you were discriminated against because of your age, sex or dress.
I Has anyone ever stopped you doing something because of your age?

2 Has anyone ever refused to let you into a public place because they did nat like the way you were dressed? 3 Has anyone ever discouraged you from doing anything because of your sex?

T H E LIBRARY V I S I T
H e walked quickly up the library
steps, ignoring the white faces he passed. H e went into the building and walked to the desk. When he old woman looked up, herjaw dropped.
'What do you wan~p'she said sharply.

' Y e s , 'the woman snapped. 'Might I see it, please?' The old woman ignored him again. A
crowd had gathered. Allen was afraid

she might d the palice if he asked her a p . But he had to have a Eibrary

'I'd like to apply for a brary card,' he said firmly.

card.
Just then a young white woman came out of a back office. She was probably coming out to tell him to leave before she called the cops.

'You

can't come to this Ijbrary,' she

said nervously. 'Why not?' he asked calmly,

' Y o u just can't,' the old woman said, more agitated. She h d lowered her bead and was busy stamping some a d s on her desk. would take proper care of the books.' Although he was angry, his voice was as pleasant as if he were calking about

'May I help you?' the woman said pleasantly.

"

' Y e s ,I would like to apply for a hbrary card and this woman told me 1 can't hhae om.I don't underand why AU 1want to do is read.'
'What are you interested i n ? ' the young woman continued.

the weather.

'Oh,' AUen began eagerly, 'I'd like the Thayer biography of Beethoven? He was sincere, but he was also trying to
impress her.

'This is the white library,' the old woman blurted out. 'It's
For white people. You people have your own library.'
'But one does not have the wide choice ofbooks there that are a d a b l e here.'
Glossary agitated: nervous and anxious

The old librarian turned a deep red and lowered her head again.When Men reahzed she was going to ignore him, he became frightened. He ooul$n7t let her win.
' E s there a law against my using thls library?'

'Well, Mrs Helms,' the younger woman said, 'since I know the library for coloured people doesn't have this kind of book, E don't thinkwe'd be brealung - any rules ifwe let this young man have a card.' The old librarian was furious, but she only spluttered, 'Whatever you say, Mrs Macintosh.'

cops: (slang) police

108

Issue twelve Part one

Vocabulary
3 Look at the text and write a list of the adverbs used to describe how people speak.
Examples nervausb firm&
4 Find verbs in the text that begin with the letters in brackets and mean:
1

Practice
7 Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of say, tell or ask.
I When I walked into the library an old white

say something suddenly without thinking (b...I

to speak with difficulty because you are angry or excited (s. ..)

2 pay no attention to someone 6.. .I 3 speak in a quick and angry way (s ...I
4

Pronunciation E l
Tone
5 Listen and repeat these sentences with the same tone of voice.
1 'I want a library card,' he said nervously. 2 'May 1 help you?' she asked pleasantly. 3 '1 want a library card,%e said firmly

woman me what I wanted. 1her that I wanted a library card. 3 She that 1 couldn't come to this library. 4 1her that I would take care of the books. 5 She it was against the law 6 1 her if I could see the law 7 A young white woman me what I wanted. 8 I her I was interested in reading biographies. 9 She she would give me a card.
2

Listening
8 Listen to Gina (Extract I ) and Tracy (Extract 2). Who is talking about what she sees as age discrimination? Who is talking about what she sees as sex discrimination?

Now listen again. Who:

6 Here are some sentences with verbs which are often used to describe how people speak. How would you read them?
1
2 4

I was stopped by the police after a party? 2 wasn't allowed to play football?

'This i s the white library,' she blurted out. 'This is mine,' she snapped.
'Sh! Daddy's asleep,' she whispered.

3 73ut you're not allowed in here,' she spluttered.

5 'Get out of my house,' she shouted. 6 'I wish 1 didn't have so much to do!' she sighed.

Now listen and repeat the sentences with the same tone.

Improve your grammar .......

" . . . . . . . . . . I I . . . " . . . . . . . . I . . I . " . * . . . * . . . . . . . . " . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Say, tell and ask a Complete these sentences with an appropriate form of soy, tell or ask. herthat he wanted a library card. 2 The younger woman *lien if she might help h ~ m .
3 He he wanted to see a biography of Beethoven.

Talking point
9 Answer these questions in small groups.
1 Do you agree that Gina's and Tracys stories are
2 Do you have similar problems and attitudes in

examples of discrimination?

b How did you know which one to use?

b

your country?

Issue twelve Part one

109

Talking point Improve your grammar ...*.............**..........*....*.................................... 7 This is how some New Streetwise readers beat Used to or would + infinitive bullying. Which of these i s the best?
a
We use used to + infinitive to talk about things that happened regularly in the past. Example They used to make fun of my uccent.

ichanged schools.
M y partrnts spoke to

his parents.

b We use used to + infinitive for things that were

I told a teacher. I stood up to a bully and he ran away l wrote t o a magazine for advice.
In a small group share: your experiences of bullying

true in the past but are not true now, such as a

discontinued habit. This is often in contrast with the present. Example I used to smoke but ROW / don't.
C Used to + infinitwe expresses states

your ideas on how to stop it.

in the past.

Getting Streetwise! B ! E i
Expressing sympathy

Examples
I used to be short. I used to live in Canada.

d We use would + ~nfin~tive to talk about repeated actions in the past.

Example They would hide my books. It is not used with be, have, live when they express states In the past. Example I used to have long hair: Not k w M e + k g

would + infinitive cannot replace used to t o express a discontinued habit.

My friend Jane helped me in hospital.

8 Look at the picture. What do you think Kelly

Practice
5 Read the interview again, then cover it, Write six sentences ebout the things that the bllllies would do to Kelly.

and Jane are saying? Now listen to see if you were right. Tick the expressions that Jane uses to express sympathy
Are you all right?
You don't look too good! Oh dear! How terrible! How awful! Don't worry. It'll be OK. I hope you feel better soon.

Example They would make fun ofher.

I

6 Complete the sentences with used to or would. Put an asterisk C)next to sentences where you can only use used to.

Kelly's parents live in the south. The boys make fun of her. 3 The girIs in her class have very expensive shoes. 4 Kellv cry when she got home from xhoal. 5 The other children shout horrible things at her. 6 Kellv wear old shoes but now she
I 2

9 Work in pairs. Write a similar conversation between you and one of the peopIe i n these pictures.

&'t.
7

Kellv

be a victim of bullying.

Issue one Part two

11

W ~ P ~ U D
1 Make a list of three things that you do which make the adults in your house really angry Share your answers in small groups.

3 Decide if these statements

are t r u e or false according

to the text.
1 It is easy to keep a house

What do your lists have in common?

Why do adults get angry about the things on the list? Can you come up with any solutions?

tidy
2 Parents would really like

to buy you more clothes.

3 Teenagers should still be

2 Below arc some of the typical things that parents say to teenagers. Read the article and put the phrases in the gaps.

If I have to tell you to pick those up one more time ... What do you mean you're not hungry? It's taken me two hours to cook it, so you can sit there till you've eaten it. No, you can't go to Sharon's party on Saturday night, we've got Auntie Pat and Uncle John coming round. No, you can't have another pair of jeans. Do you think 1 am made of money?

allowed to go out when relatives come to visit. 4 Cooking is exciting. 5 Teenagers should offer to help in the kitchen.

One minute they're friendly, the next

minute they're shouting and screaming loudly enough for the whole street to hear. So what is it that turns a normal happy parent into a raging beast? You, probably!
II

Is your room untidy? Do you leave things on the floor? You may find it hard enough to keep one room tidy, so imagine what it's like for your mum and dad trying to keep a whole house in order.
Get into the habit of hanging your clothes up when you take them off and taking glasses and plates down to the kitchen. Before too long you'll be doing it without thinking.

Although you may hate missing a party to listen to some boring old relatives go on and on about what a sweet baby you were, you have no choice. Even if you moan, groan and sulk, your parents won't change their minds. Parents like lo show OR their family. In spite of your disappointment, the best thing you can do is to help entertain your relatives. They'll be so pleased with you aftenvards that they'll probably let you go to the next two parties.

a 1

. . -

21 Even though you may not realize it, your parents are probably quite sympathetic to your requests for new clothes. But they're not buying themselves new things every week, are they? The simple truth is that there are more important th~ngsto spend money on, like the electricity bill and food.

Despite the fact that you don't want to eat, think of it from the cook's point of view. If you cook two meals a

day, it means 730 meals a year. Can you imagine how boring this can get? Imagine how the cook feels when you say you're not really hungry. Not only that, your parents are probably worried that you aren't eating enough.

Eat fewer snacks and leave room for your meals. Finally, offer to do the cooking every now and then. Your offer may not be accepted, but the cook will be delighted.

110

Issue twelve Part two

Vocabulary 4 Match the phrases in column A with the definitions in column B.

A

are sympathetic to go on and on 3 moan and groan 4 sulk 5 show off

1 2

complain understand display something you're proud of

talk a lot be in a silent bad temper

being tired, 1 tidied my room before going ta bed. 7 my moaning and groaning mum refused to let me go to the party. 8 I really like my parents we sometimes argue.
6-

Getting Streetwise? E l
Persuasion
6 Imagine you have been invited to a really good party but your aunt and uncle are coming to visit you. You know that your mother will want you to stay at home.

, "".".*.......*'..,.............~ ...................................
Discourse links althoughrthough/even though/even if/
in spite ofldespite a We use them to join two contrasting statements or points of view. Examples A/though I wasn't hungry, I had to eat my

Improve your grammar

Work in pairs and decide how you would persuade her to let you go. Write down some of the expressions you might use.

Examples Please! All my friends are going.

7 Listen, and compare your version with the one on the tape. What were the expressions she used to persuade her mother? How could she have been more successful?

dinner: Even if you're not hungry, you'll have to eat your dinner.
b Aithoughlthough are always followed by subject + verb. Example Although Iwasn't hungry ...

c in spite oof/despitehave a sirnllar function, but

despite is more formal. They are followed by a
noun or pronoun, or a gerund. Example i ate my dinner in spite o f not being hungry.

8 Work in pairs. Imagine you want permission to go camping for two weeks. Your mother is (naturally) worried about this. Decide on an approach that will persuade her to let you go. Prepare a dialogue to perform for the class.

Talking point
9 Work in pairs or small groups. Look at impossibleparents again and discuss these

d In spite of and despite can also be followed by the fact that + subject + verb.
Example I ate my dinner in spite of the fact thof I wasn't

questions.
I WouId any of the situations make you angry if

hungry.

you were a parent? Why~Why not?

2 Is life in your country similar or quite

Practice
5 Complete the sentences with although, even though, despite or In spite of
1 -

different? Give examples.

3 Each situation is introduced by remarks that

3
4

I wanted to go to the party, I stayed a t home. He was still smiling being fed up and angry. She went to the party her mother's warnings. I didn't eat much, I was hungry. She refused to buy her daughter new clothes having a lot of money

parents often use in Britain. Agree on a list of expressions that parents use all the time with teenagers in your country.

Issue twelve Part two

111

Warm-up
1 Read these everydaylies. Think of a situation where someone might use them. Share your ideas with the class.

'Sorry, I didn't realize what the time is.' 'It wasn't me.' '1'11 pay you back soon.' 'Thanks. It" just what I always wanted.' ' I ' m sorry. I can't come out tonight, I'm doing my homework.'

Reading f5EJ
2 Read the stories and find: the name of someone who took a dress without permission. 2 the name of the boy Alex blamed for his father's accident. 3 the reason why the tree cracked. 4 the reason why the suit got green stains.
I

-. --

I took the d m to the dwners but it was mind 1 When my sistw got home she went to hls rwrn. A, few minutes later Icould hear her screams frc)m downsta irs! . I apologized but I was never allowed t o txlrrow her clothes again. I never even dared t o ask'
tcu.
I

14, lied to his dad when an innocent garr the garden went wrong:

A I ~

Sometimes telling a lie seems an easy way out But watch nut it could backfire on you ...

Julie, 16, was sorv that she wore her sisteis dress to a paw. W e n I was sixteen 1 was invited to a brilliant party that I really wanted to go to but t had nothing to wear. Now, my sister Jean had a gorgeous designer dress worth 500.I'd always I d it but she" always refused to let me wear it so I decided to borrow i t I took the dress from her wardrobe. Mum saw me so 1 said, "Jn asked me to take it t o the deaners." I put the dress in a bag and as soon as 1 got it out of the house, I hid it in a shed. On the night of the party, 1 stuffed the dress in my bag and put it on at a friend's house. It was a great party until this boy decided to throw me into the swimmingpool. I really sawmed btrt he laughed and threw me in. The moment I got out ! realized that the pale grey dress had lots of green stains from the chemicals in the pool.

'A few years ago, my friends and I decided to see how many people uwld get into my dad's hammock It managd t o hold eight of us before there was a loud cracking noise as the tree started to break 1 knew that 1 had been silly so 1 didn't ten anyone

what had happened. Later that day my dad came in from work He made himself a cup of tea and went t u the end of she garden. After he'd got into the hammock, there was a loud cracking sound and the tree fell on his head. Dad
screamed. I panicked so Itold my parents that it was my friend

Paul who did h Dad went to casualty and Paul doesn't speak to me any more:

112

Issue W l v e Part three

..........,..*.---.a<.--.......................

Improve your writing ".....=-..-~..-..-...--.

Start the story by setting the scene. use expressions like: A fewyea~agu ... When / was sixteen ...

Writing
5 Fiona and her friend, Jo, got caught out when they said there camping in the garden - and went to an all-night party instead.
Put the pictures in the right order. Follow the improveyour writing guidelines and write Fiona" story

Telling a story (2)

i i i

b Make sure that your story has a structure.

Make sure each paragraph marks an important part of the story. In this context you might have paragraphs that: set the scene. describe the lie. describe what went wrong. descr~be what happened in the end.
go to a party together

c Make the order of events clear by:

using time expressions such as later that day, as soon as, then, a few minutes later, etc. using the past perfect where appropriate.

Use direct and indirect speech.

Practice
3 Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form of the past or past perfect.

My parents went away for the weekend and

(tell) me 1 could stay at home if I looked after the house. Unfortunately, 1 decided to have a party It (2) (be) a nightmare. There (3) (be) so much noise the police (4) (come), and someone (5) (smash) the TV. When mum and dad (61 (come back) 1 said that a burglar (7) (steal) the TV. Dad (81 (phone) the police. When they (9 (arrive) it (1 0) (be1 the same policeman who (1 1 ) (come) the night before. He said, 'Now then, did the theft happen before or after your party?' M y parents (1 2 ) (be) furious because I (13) (lie).
(1

4 Invent a situation and turn the excuses in the Warm-up into indirect speech.
Example 1 was home very late last night so I apologized to myparents and told them that I hadn't realized what the time was.

6 Write a real or imaginary story where you tell a lie which goes wrong.

Self check
7 Work in small groups. Exchange stories. Which do you think is the best one. Why?
Issue twelve Part three
113

Grammar review
Issues 11 and 1 2
Phrasal verbs
Form
1

3 Some common phrasal verhs:

verb + preposition/adverb particle (e.g. dow11,up, out, after, ofZ elc.)

In snmc cases the meaning of the phrasal verb is clear fro111the vc=rb+ preposition/advc.rb particle corrtbinalion.
Examples PIt~ase sil down. He took uff Irisjackc~t.
Sometimes the combinakiun has a special m ~ a n i n y .

Example The plane took off:(= It rose in the air.)

2

It is important to know whctt1c.r the combination is 'transitivr' (i.e.requires an objrct 1, or 'intmnsi~ i ~ (i.c. ' cannot take an nbjec~).

Cxaml>les Get rzp is in! ransil ivc: I always gel up at six o'cloi:k. LC( in is transi tivt: Wifl_vuulet the cat in, please?
W l e n the phrasal verb takes an object, the p a r ~ i d e can come either: before the object: E k e picked r i p the girls in his Ear. or after Ihe object: He picked the girIs up i n his car,

hc~ against (tr) = bc opposed to hc, for {tr) = be in favour of hrcak clown (intr) = stnp working hreak in (ini.r) = enter by force h r i q up (ti-)= educate and Irain (children) call off(tr) = cancel (a mcel ing, appointmenl, ctc.) r.3r1'y7011 (in tr) = continue (usually wr~rk or duty) cfr& o u t (tr) (a room, drawrr, elc.) = clcan Lhoroughly cle;~o up (tr or intr! = ~rlakc tidy and clcan come ar:ross (tr) = find by cchance conre OF{intr) = succeed drop in (intr.) = pay a short unannouncrd visit fill in (Lr) = cornplrtc (Torms, ctc.) finti orit (tr) = disccrvcr inforn~ation gel or1 rvith (tr) = he friendly with someone get through (Ir or intr) = s t ~ c c r e d (in an exam, in contacting somconc) get tip (intrl = rise lrom me's bed give up (tr or intr) = stop (trying to do) soinelhing go out with ( ~ r = ) have a romantic relatiunship with sorncone go rrp (intr) = rise (t:spet:ially prices, the temperature) hold uy~ (ttr = rob (especially a bank) knock out (tr.) = hit sonieone so hard that they fall unconscious
Ifavc or11 (tr) = omit let in (ti-)= allow to enter look af1t.r (tr) = take care of, make sure someorie is sale and well look ill) (tr) = find a word in a book, ~ . ga, dictionary make up (ti) = invent a story, excuse, etc. pick 111)(tr) = call fur, takc with you in a car, tl1.c. pul Isornethir~g) off (tr) = postpone pul ~ s o i n e o ~off ~ e (tr) j = causr sornc3oilelo lose interest. pul ~ r Or) p = erect (a building, statuc, etc.), raise (prices) ring up (tr or intr) = telephone rujr infu (sornctl~in~) (tr) = hit {with a vehicle) run inio (sorncon~j (tr) = mec-t sorncone by chance show off {tr or intr) = try to impress others set off (intr) = start a journey i 2ke ofC(intr) = rise it1 !he air (usually a plat^^.) takc up (tr) = start to practise a hobby a job w;ish (up (tr or inlr) = was ti Ihe plates, dishes, etc. watch ollt (intr) = look out, be careful

Note If ~ h object c is very long it corr~us afler the parlide. He picked up 1he two girls aand their friends jrrl his ci11:
If the r~bjec-l is a pronoun, i t usually comes before the particle.

Example He them up in his car:

How~vcr, lhcre are some phrasal verbs which takc an object but are never separated from Ihc adverb particle.

Example M y rrnt:lejookcd after

r13c

as a child.

Future perfect
Form

Say, tell and ask

Say, tell and ask arc transitive verbs.
Uses
1 Say is comtnonly

will + have + past paSt.iciple

Uses 1 For an action that will be finished at some time before a certain date in the rulure. I L is normally used with time expressions like by then, Ily thcyear, etc.
2

Examples I will have built myself a house by thcycar 2015.

used wit11

direct s p ~ e c h .
2

In reported s p e ~ c hlell , rnusl normally be followrd by a personal dirpcL o b j ~ c t .

Examples 'Goodnight,* he said, and wenf fa h ~ d Ile didn't i d 1 rrlr that he was Iwving
She fold Jlirn to h u f f yup.

With expressions like if all goes well, i f ' i t goes according to plan, etc., lo talk about future plans.

if all goes well, 1will have retired t~y the age of 55.

3 Tell t someone t L o t infinitive is used to

report corntt~at~ds.
4

Notes We can also use shall with ]/we.

In reported speech, say is used wil hout a pcrson;ll ohj~cl. qucstior~s with ask, we use if or whether.

He didn't say that h p was lc.;ivin*q

H e asked me ifwhether T liked pop nus sic.

5 When reporting di>/does

In speech, wilIis usually contracted to W.

Adverbs sf manner
sharply, firmly, ~
C V P I are I ~examples ~ o C adverbs of manner. Most adverbs of manner are f o r m ~ d by adding -@to the corresponding adjectives.

6 When reportin9 wh-

questions, i.ve use the same question wot-d.

She asked me where r r l y sisler was. 1 asked what her job was.

Note There arc some exceptions, e.g. fast f i s t , potf w d , hard + hard
1 Adverbs of manner tell us how something was done.

Note W h r n reporting questions, there i s no inversion of subject and vrrb. The word order is the same as in a statement.

Discourse links
although, though, cvcn though, even i & i n spite of, despil e
Use Example To join Lwo rontrasling E V C though ~ I hate pop statements or points of v i ~ w . ronr.t.rts, I wrnt ttl SCY Elton John. (= 1 hate pop concerts, but 1went to see Ellon John.) Notes

2 They usually come afler Lhe verb.

Or thry come after the object if there is one. Example He answered her question clearly
3 When there is a preposition belore the object, the adverb

can be placed either before the preposilion or arLer Lhe ohject. Example Tllc ~voman in the libray lookcd cmgriIya t Allen. The wornall in the library looked at Allen a n @ &
4

Although, though, even though and even if are always followed by subject + verb.
Example
Althorrgh T felt ill, I wen[ lo school.

Even if it rains, I'll still go to the match. In spite of and dcspitc are followed by = an -ing form: 111 spite of fcc.lil~g ill, 1 wc~rt to school. = a noun or pronoun: Despite my illness, I went to school. = the phrase the i5ct that + subject + verb: I f i spite of-thc fi~c-t that I w;ls ill, I wmt to schot~l,
Despite is tnore formal than
if)

If the object is a long phrase, the adverb usually goes before the preposition.

Exampf e He looked angrily a t all dle people who w P r p in 1 h~ librilr -

spire o!:

.,,,

r;,;,,:,:T"--v..-J
; I
I . . .

...,..,

j . " . .

, , - . , , F ,

.7..,I..

..,-... , - ' : , .m m 115

J,.,

"

'

rssue one p a r t one

advert /'edva:ti ambitious /~rn'brJssi band .:'hznd! create Ikri:'cltl dedicated (adj) !'&dl ,kert~d/ hit (n) !h&' hype lhupl i~~tcrvie w /'~ntsvju:/ (v) join /dg~1~1/ Irlanager "mznad ga/ marketing (n) 1'ma:katrql number one ',nnmba 'wnnl outgoing :aut'gaow~q/ promote !pralmarrti publicity !pt'blrsrti' single (n) klqgl' spend /spend/ slrcebvise l'&tri:twa~zl success /sak'scs/ f h resull ~ of something ,#ha rl'zhlt av snin01gl to b c illlpressed wilh ta bl ~m'prest w~B:

supposed LO Isa'pauzd tal terrified (adj) :'"ler~ra~d/ ~ ~ n t k t s t a n d i n/.+ntia'strend g vprtigr) Iava:tlgao/

Songbook
bliss ibllsi everlasting I,ev3'la:stqi yiding /'ga~d~g/ h~rn !'hrsrau/ jqr idpd lonely i'l3unli/ melody /'mcladi,:' r ~ w cixi/ sigh Iv) Isal,' strive I'slra~v: surr ivc / s a ' w ~ v /

panic I'pxnrk;' parillysr /'pamla~zJ phchia /'fxrb13.! physical ~ ' f ~ z ~ k l : rational I'rxJnal,:' release !ra'li:s: stage fri,~htI'sterd3 )r.mti sweat (v) .:'wet,' symptom I's~~nptsmi' unrr)mmon lnn'kamani unreasorlablc !,m'ri:mabll

lssue two
antique (n) 1zn'ti:k.:' be allowed to /hi: a'laud tu:i bored .!b3: tl! curtain /'ks:tan; oroament i'xmmant! wardrobe l'w3:draobl

aggressive /algresn: antisocial ixnt~'wrrJL craze /kre~/,I do something wilh m-v life 'dur s,tinRuq wtd mar 'larf exprrL !'cksp3:t/ grn~lc/'dgcntI/ get my lifc back {get m a 'lad bakt get rld of iget 'rrd a-c.; rurlkir l'dg,tnkii s l y /la11 stay away /ster a'wer: take rlvcr .:'tclk 'aovat the lalt:sl ~hingtaa 'lemst 8nJ' violen1 !'vrtrlanl!
L o tloll~er solneon? Ita ' b d a

lssue two art o n e

aerosol I'cara,swli ancestor /'znsesta/ art gdlery i ,a:t 'g z b r h cave /kt-~vt exhibition leks~'-b~Sni frustratiol~Ifra'strcrfn: graffiti 1grs'ii:ti; individuak (adj) /,mdl ' v r d ~ u ir~llucncc (n) i'~fiflrrans.:' initials Ir'n1Jli.1 mindless !'ma~tidIas/ motivatp I'rnx~trvertt mural I'mjrrarall persondl slatnp /'p3:sanl 'st;emp/ pop cullure i'pap ' knl tJai prehistoric /,pri:~'stnnW relief /sa'li Ti roots 1ru:tsl scribhl~ (n) I'skr~bli signaturr /'srgnstJ3/ slogdn I'slsugn' st~ciologlst/,saosr'nl~clg~st

accenl (n) It;eksenLl

afford Is'fxci! bruise (n) /bru:z/ bully (n,v) /'buli/' casualty I ' k q u l t i t coward I'kairad' cruel I1krrral/ cuts ik& end up I'end npl keep doin3 something 1ki:p 'du:~qs,tm8rg/ make fun nf I me& 'fnn av/ make remarks I , m c ~ k ralina:kxl nag (v) Incgi play joktls /,pic1 'dsaoksl sympathy l'smpa8il
taunt
(17)

lssue hhree part one argue .:"n:gju:i' common 1' knm3nI do the ~vashjng,/cleaning\efc. idu: aa 'wnJig, 'kli:nrq/ equal (adj) .:"i:kwaL; kn~inistrl,:"fcmmrsml l~omemakerl'hao,merkal housework i'baostv3:kl immoral I!' 'mnral/ look after Ilok 'a:ftai prej11diic:e (n) i'prcdgud15i prr~pcrly/ ' p r ~ p a t i / reflecl !n'flekt/ reinforce i,ri:~n'fxs! r e ~ ~ u n s i b i l i tirr'sponsab~l~tii y role /raul/ SCJV /saw! s ~ x j s m?seksrzm,' silly /'s~li/ take care (or) t'teik 'kea(r) (av trend ;trend/ wage-earner i'wc1d3-s:nal , lrhl bvomcn's lib i'wlm~nx
lssue three part :wr; amhitirln irem'b~Jnl he UP to something 1h1: ' i p ta Q.im81gl blankets ,"blzqkr tst channel (n) , 'tJre1111 faked /Te~kt/ fat !rzt fit (adj) frt/ g~riturc/'dscstJa;
pasta !"p.xstai

s.unw~n.:' drift I:'drlR/ to face someone !ta 'fers s;\m cvnnl grt away iget ~ ' W C I ~ ~ e SurneuIle t clown !get 'smwion daon:'

ral-race

I'm(-rerd roof /ru: E; show (n) /Jair/

lssue four

ltxnll

trainers (n pl) i'tre~nazl victim !'vrktim/

Lag (n) /tregl thought urit /'6.~:t,aut/ vandal l'vxndll vandalism I'vrendal~sad youth culture i8ju:0'kdtsal

lIssus kwa
achi~v~mcn la't$i:vmgnti t apprehensive /xprrlhensiv/ ashamed ,a']e~md/ dive Ida\{/ excuse (n) /~k'skju:s/ hassle (adjl ,"hzsll inability /~na'brl~ti/ nervous I ' n a ~ a s l rrlieved cadi) 1ra'li:vdl scared (adj) I'skeadl suffer from l ' s ~ f a ,from/

part twc alraid la'freld' awful /'3:r01t blood 'blndt danger 11dernd33! definition I ,defr'nrSn/
divert ,Ida1'~'3:t~

fmr (nS :fia/ lull-fair l'fnn-Tea' instinct 1' lnstrgkt,' rn~rsckI ' m ~ s l l nightmarp /'nart~nca'

lssue three

part three addict /'xcIrkt! addiclive la'drklr v l

audience !'s:dransi' bride !braid/ cancel /'kxnsl/ concert /'konsat/ crowd !kraod! disappoir~ l ed (adj 1 /drsa'p3rnt1dl rlisq~pointirlg (adj) /d~sa'psmtq/ disappointment ldrsa'p~rntman~t encore laq'ka:.:' engaged /cnlyeldsd:' fan (n) /fxn.:' f i a n c k ifi:'anseri hitch-hike !'h~tJ-,limk! honeymoon /'kini:mu:n/ hooked thukt! keen ,;ki:n/ rrlarried .i8nrkri:di match /mztJ! nervousness !'na:vasnas/ ot,~nvht:lmtd:'auva'welnidi posti~rlricd Ipaus'paund! queue h) lkju:i scream (v) !sKri:in/ season /'si:~nt seat (n) ;si:t/ sccuriv guartl /sa'kjrrarrtr ,ga:d1 soaked (adj) I'satrkt! spread lspredl stagp (n) s t c ~ d g support bnlld (n) 1sa'ps:t bandl teddy bear I'tedi b e d ticket " 11k[tl

~vcddirigi'wedl~j.:' whistlit~g.:"wr~lrqI work out (v) ! w : k 'dot.:'

roh !rnb! robher l'rabd rol~hery.:"rabgri/ steal /~t131! theft /Ocft.:' thirf IOi:f! unaware !nna'wesi zip :"'LIP!

provoke ipra'vauk.:' rcalize i'l-ralnrz! rcastln (with) :'ri:zn (wra).:' r e p h /ra'pl:ill strict /stnkti talk things over !'is:k Olgs 'auva/ cvanl ta know :want t3 ' n ~ o / wor~j (v) :'w,~ri!

onrof the crowd irwnn 3v 'krarldl pcrfrct Iarlj) "p3:fcktI plcascd /pli:/Jt renlist~c:rrs'lrstrkt r ~ g a r dirrlgu:d/

H3

!ssuc five
p;~rtt h s c - 5 be on strike !hi: an 'srr;lrki' heard !brsd/ hoxvling alley !'baol~gali! r:~llari'scla! t r u y (about) i'krerzi (ahaoi),! diar?~/'darri! en-joyatlle !In 'js~abl! excitccl !rk'sa~lrrli frown upun /'fi-aon ,apnn! interesting .:"rntrest~i]i jealous i'd~elss! jrlurnal l'd3a:nsli kwp a diary .:"ki:p a 'cla~ri! limp (n) ilrmpi nice inald pcrsonal I'pxsanll prodi~cfir!e !pra'd,iktru.:' s~lspicioi~s /ss'spiJas/ uncertain i.\l?'sel-ran.i' unpleasarll ihn'plezanli

stare ictea/ t i ~ n l t yl'tn~ni! wish /wrJ/

imprrssivc i ~ m ' p r e s r ~ ' / i n j u y l'lndjarii inner torcc i'ina , f ~ : s i instructor irn'stmktsl organs Im'rs:nnl it~te~*rial 'n:gmzt in\ estigation i~n,ves~r'ge~J'n! licence ::"lalssns/ lunx-term /lng-'t3:rn/ martial arts /,ma:J1 'it:(s/ mental I~cdzling!'menil 'hi:1111.:' r ~ o m a ll8n3:n1l.:' persuadc /pa'swe~d.:' prcvcnt iprr'ventl ~wotcciiprs'tekii p1111ch ,'p.\nt J'! qualificalion .:',kwnlrfr'kcrj'n.:' self-defet~cc !,self-dl 'rensi stomach !'st.imak: urirpalified i.il~"kwolrfard wrisl irrst::'

to ban ita 'bsn! best ~pllel./best 'se13::' bult . : ' b \ ~ chdnt (\J) i'1Ju:nt.' cigarcttc Islga'ret bnt: corner s t ~ o p.:"k3:na Sup! mug11 (17) iknf; C.OVFI. up i k i v ~ ( r 'zp! ) di 7.7~!'dl~i! rag .:'keg! faint (v 1 ifcmt! Cc'ct:l rli77y .:'fi:l drz~l health risk i'helO rrsk.:' heavy srrloktlr :" hevr 'sinsukn! ilnprcss irm'pres.:' insist (on) hn'srst; lung cancer .:'1.+q 'klensd makc your eyes water ,me& qa(r) 'alz w 3 t31 passive smoking i p x s ~ v 'smsrikrq: prcgnarll .:"pregnanti puff (11) /p.iD risk ::'risk/

arrest ( v ) ia'rcst:' au~hurities!'3:'Ourrti:zi f~urglar,!'b3:~gla/ bi~rglar!, ,!'bu:glari/ burgle i1b3:gI,! bury !'beri! cashier I k z Jla! cenletc~y!'sernatri: criminal !'k~rmuhi freeze /rri:d g o smoothIy /gau 'slnu:171i/ qrab ::'grxb! hand o v ~ (v) r %;end 'arivai hold-up /'huld-np] hq)cless !' haoplasl kidnap i'krdnxpi kidnapper i'krdnzpa:! .. kidn~ppirig (11) l'kldnxpq.:' mug (v) imig.:' rnugg'r i ' n ~ i g a l mugging (11) /'m:\grg~ rriurrler (n, v) 1'm3:ds! rrlurdcrer !'~ns:dara! pinned !pnidl ran a~vayirzn a'wet:'

calm ladj) ika:mi fauIt (n) !fnltl relax irr'ktks! settlp clown Isctl 'darin! lake it easy !tc& rt 'i:zi/ lurrl altJay /h:n a'we~'

advice ied 'varsl

atlvise .:';ed'va~zl agony column /'zgsnr ,knlanl! ngrce ialgri:l be allowed to .:'bi: a'lnud ta! t m a k rules !,brc~k'riralz:' cop? (with l'kaop ( w I ~ ) ! cl.oss (rrly) mind ,!kros (mar) 'mamd,! rlrcide .:'dr'sn~di

I I ~ P(v)

!ditl!

ernharrasscd I~rn'bzs~st! S t ~ (like) l /ha1 (la~k).:' itiquirr .:'~n'kwa~a! look after !lok 'a:fts! rrlakc-up !'meik-~p! pick sumcthing up i ' p ~ k s,jmR~q 'hpi point out .:"psmt nol!

amazed /a1rnerzd,! appmrance 1s'praran s/ ask out /u:sk 'aut.:' big-headed !, brg-'hed~di bollom (n) !' b n t a d brilliant !'hrl I an ii bust (n) ,!b,tst! centre or att.entio /'scnta(r) TIV a'tcnfa:' criticize !'krrtrsarzt e n v i o u s !'cnvras/ dr'presti Ice1 depressed .:',fi:l feel sorry (for oneself) :,fi:I ' s ~ n (f3 wnn 'sel f,)/ flatter i'flztal haws sense of hurnour /,h;lev a sens a %ju:ma: hcigl~ !'halt: ~ leader. of he pack i'li:d3(r) av aa "Xk! mis~i-able i'mrzr~bal:

I ~ i n l o ~/baia'lad3i; y bleak Ihli:k! chokt. (v) /rSaok/ cornrnunities !ka'~nju:n~ti:z! cos~s ikknsts! cut down i k 'daoni ~ ~ [lark Ages :'da:k e ~ d g ~ ~ ! rlrvclopmer~tal i'dr'sclapmenlli dig up " d ~ g disaster /dllzu:stsi d i s ~ a s eid1'zi:z.:' ccr>lngiral i,i:ka'ldykli economic. growth /,i:kalnamrk grm0i envirorlrncr~llen'vairamanl.:' harm !>u:rnl lrec.kTcr .:"hekh! i m p r n v ~/r~npru:n' luxury item !'l.kkJar~'nrtam' njusical /'mju:zrkl/ rlalional "11reJanal1 pllilosuphy ir~'ln.;nCi: polliltion /pa'lu:Jn, pointless !'p21ntlasl progress I111 i'prarrgresl rirlicr~lous/rr'drkjulss/ rist. (n) sldndard nf l i v i n ~ i1stend3d3v '11VIIy technology Aek'nnlad$ threaten I'Oretn, tradition Itra'd~Jn,'

Issue six
pqr: :hr.:-e

according to /a' ka:d~gta! allowed Lo ia'laod La/ be disturtwd t ~ y.:'bi: drlskrc:bd

bdl!

rlaini (v) / k l c r d complaints .:'kam'plcrntsl facilities !'Ta'sdrti:zl rurlh~rmore/h:bams:i hang around !h;q a'raund!

lssue s e v e n park one

abuse (vj la'bju:~.:' aggressor !a'grcsa! arnphrtaminc ixm' rrlam~n! ball (v) .:'bxni bodybuilder i' bndr, b1ld3i boiled /b3rl<li' build m~lscles.:'h~ld 'm.zslz! calorie l'kxlarii cheat (TI, V ) /tSi:t.:' coach (v) /k3utS/ cocairle .:'ks'kc~n.:' r:orrlpclc Ikam'pi:~! conlpctitive !kam'pet~tlv! collfidenc~ I' knnfidans.:' cyclist I'sar kllstl discus thrnwing .:"drskss ,Oraolq! dose ldaus! drugs idr;i<g7,! crlcre- .:'':"enad$ far11c ifcull! Figs lf~gzi l'ortunc .:"f3:tju:n/ greed!, .?yri:di.' lionf /hu:L' horn ion^ !'hs:msun! housewife / ' l ~ a u s ~ v a ~ l ? illegd !1'1i:ql! inft.rtility .:',~nf~'trlrtii injitries .:"rnd;ari:zi man-mad? i"rnxn-'merili mixture :'mrkstJai nerves in3:vu' resemble Irs'zernbli rhyth~n.:"~I~IIE' sevcrc iss'v~al sl~anlciJe~nL;' stamina /'stxmlna.:' steroid ,'"sl~ar?ld.:' stimr~lantl'strtnjrjlant! strip (v) .:'str~p! survey i's3:vcL:'

sty I t ' (\') lstB11i trini (v) .:'trnn; Lwisl (v) ltwrst wig ;%,I<].:' wrap Irzpl

issue seven
part three allraction Ia'triktJanl Hus ,%la:/ breatlthtnking .:"bl-eAterkrq.:' dplicious ida'l~l'as.:' jets ldxets.:' (IIIPUP (n) Ikju:.:' recover .:'r~'kava! rcsorl .:'I'I'z~:~.:' rich lntji sigl~l seeing I'sart ,si:~q/ souvcrlir !,su:va'nra/ tcrrifving (aclj) .:"~er~fa~~i]I thpinr park i'Hi:m ,pa:k! h i p (11) itrrpi upsidt: (low11 !'.tpsa~d ,daiin.:' warm sornt:lhing u p i'm-u:m s.\mBirj ' kp! wor~derlul!'w.indaful!

sociable "saoJabl/ stupid i'stju:prdi ugly 1 zglii unt.~t~ployccl I,.mcm'pl31dl unkind i,\n'karnd! unlucky .:',+n'l:iki.:' varv .:"veari; vital /'tartl.:' takr i l or It:avc 11 .i"tc~k ~t 3:'li:v

issue nine part o n e

Songbosk
boutique lbu:'ti:ki r:hargc .:'tJrr:ds? O I H ::"di: 'dl: 'ti:/ dollar /'dnla! hol spot /'hat 'spnt! paradise .:"piradars/ parking lot ::"l~(i:E; 111 Inl.! paved l'pervd::' s r r w n (n) iskri:n; slam IS~ZIII.:' swinging (ddj) !'SWI~I~J!

lssue eight
part one

hndy langlragc I'l>nd~ , I %I] gwrd j !

br>rrtn\, ,!' htlrxr.' consvrvativc !ksl?'s3:v3tn~ rflrllrit>u tc kan'tribju:t! dishorlest idrs' nnis t ! factors i'rxktali generous I'ri~enaras.:' good-looking /,gird-'IirkrqI grooming .:"gl-u:rr~rq.:' hang your head I'hieg ys 'hcdl hirv l'harsi irlirrlalurc I'mlatlcla.:' irl~prcssionsIrm'preJn7J iritclligent hn' Lelrii3?nt! intcrvie\.\~ee/,inta\ju:'i:.:' irrespnllsihl~.:'~r~'spnlisrbl.:' kind (arlj) ikalncli' lucky i'lakii lnature /ma4tJria.:' outril i'autf~t.:' reliable .:'rr'la~abl! responsihl~!r-~'spnnubll smart isma:t.:'

issue seven
part two hlow-drv (v j :"blsu-,dra~! calch i k z t ~ ! s11rIy .:"k?,:lii cut .:'kzt/ f~atht:rI ' f c h i hairdresser l'hcdresa! j c ~ r c l/'dgoal/ nou us tach^ 1ma'sta:Ji p"d out ::''pied,atit/ perm (v) !p3:m! pillow !'prlarrI plait (n) .:'plzt/ ribbon l'rrhanl rod irndl scralch (v) i s k r ~ t l ! si1ave i:rcrv,' straighten :'strert~x' stuff (v) isthfi

abscricc i'xbsans, ai~nlcssly/'elmlaslil candidate i'kend~dat' c h ~ n(n) t itJi:~! l d I I l coal n~irlei ' k ~ u m confbs :'km' fis: di1t:rnrria :da'lem% fti cssav !'tsar:' cxaln paper i ~ g ' r z r n,PIP l s s u e eight experts ::''eksp~:t~' par-t :wo exploitation :ekspls~'tc~Jn brain ibrei~~,:' graduation day :gradju:'e~Jn brisk walk .:'br~sk ~3:k.:' ,de~.:' rl~r.all.ir~att:d ldi: 'kief~ncitrd:' guilt igrltl distrpssinp idr'stresrt~l headmaster hed'ma:std (iream .:'~lri:t~~! law, .:'I+ excessive iek'scs~vl moral .:"mnrsP wclid !'arl~di prizt. (11) .:'P~~IIz/ irltcrpretation !in, L:i:prr'Lt.iJnl pron~incnt.:"pr~rnlnanv 'xuL n11/ miss out on ::'m~s public transport ipkhlrk non-sle~per!nun-'sli:pa.:' ' trxnsp3: t.:' on average i'nn ' ac lAld3! resist /ra'zrsl/ optional I'upJanaI.:' reveal .:'ralvlall ,d~t.:' S P O provirlcrl that .:"prs'~nrd~d ~ I J ~ .:'set 'arrt! rapid t-ye rnrwcn1t:nl YEPI PI^ s i t a paper .:'srt a 'perpal ,inu:vm3tit/ stall ists:li rrfrcshcs :r~'frcj~z.:' relaxation i,rrlrcks'e~Jni revitalize /ri:'v;lr~alai/::' tclnptation .:'Iem'ler~n/ sleep .:'sli:p.:' test (v) .:'test.:' sleepiness ,:"sli:pi:nas.:' withdraw iwrh'Jr3:i sleeplessn~s.;/'~li:plasnasl yield .:'ji:Ik! stress istresl Issue nine tip (11) lt~p.:' part two tircdrless .:"ta13dnss! toss arid t ~ ~ r .:"lusn n '/rc:n! background I'kckgraondl case (11) /kcrs/ lssue eight chel part thr*?.F caw your cnnscience(v) !i:z ja announcemcr~l.:'3'naunsmanti' 'knnJms! t)ullc~ir~ l'bulrtan.:' illuslrdlir>r~ ."rl~'strcr~nI characlerislic l,k;erakta'r~st~kl inhrril irn'hcrrti disringuishirig ;'d~'st~gywrj'ri~? inheritance i~n'herrtans: i'rlcndly I'frcndli.:' itlvpst .:'rn'eesr! full-loving .:"L111-,lnvrq! lertd Ilcnd.:' hard-working .:', ha:d-'rr;3:kr13/ millionaire .:"m~ljaneai high-pitched i. hai-'p~tJti multiply ? m n l i l p h ~ / innr)r:vr~li'rtissant! pret:tend .:'prrtendi rriissi~ly .:"nlIsIq! retire i r r ' t a ~ d oclcncc ia'fcnsi status !'stcrtas! polite lpa'la~ti u s s e n q i'rr:dgaiiri/ po\\,erf\ll: /'p;~t~aToli wisely i'wal~lii pupil /'pju:pl! i s s u e nine Iyn away from horric .:'r.~n a'wcr part t'"I ~ r e e fl-am hsrjm.:' hlirrr builcl i'slrm 'hddi absent (adj) i ' rcbsan t ! (dlka~irrc !'ts:kat~~.:' appointir~cntla'p3rnLlllant.:' (race ~ l l c whereabouts of I'Lrt.1~ altcnd .:'a'tcndi 3s 'wesrsbauts afl cousirl .:"lc.izni wavy !'wcivi.:' excitse (v) .:'ek 'skju:zl r$dl-brhawd ilreJ-b~ 'helrdJ play truant jpler 'tru~nt: rerr~irlcl/rr'mamd/ lcrm 1 t a : d LOO Izu:!

A sense of achievement
j Warm-up
1 Whith of these activities wodd you Ijke to do? Why? Which wouldn't you Iike to do? Why?

$0 The & d l is a kind d m& S h + w e l&w kw +adid. _TS is v q W L wa Mme all

wbdidf&wr'l&+zwr W&'+ pJ So +kSap W I m d f m ' a ! Pf: &y&. J U I M C ansc I d 1 + U I &

+A$# IN& 5W.d.1-hf S h y wadd dl / y h a 4 & Iprcu?+i@ my -P&ksE: ' f m & ma, y a kK W . i r %ff&
+o K W

riding a motorcycle

fm v&*.'

climbing a wdl

going for L

J
i
2

giving a talk in English

2 Read the text by a boy who

had ta climb a wall and

answer these questions.

~&m+c;tay,+&~ea kT &d
vertigo: a fmIing uf dizinpssa d
5 k h e s s Eram
tyd&

r Mere was the b o y

How old was he at the time? 3 Why was the wall a problem to him? 4 What did the others do when he refused to climb
the wdl?
5

f a Scy th #&I

W l

my

owe, ~ I Y h k fi &

laokinp down f m a high place

AIWh1 w SM m a s J a y r u m d did& slow& f o #&. ~9 U I J ST d h fis w p HI@

o + k s waf&iy.

apprehmsive:
worried
to hassle: to giw

~ ~ n & f J ~ u ~ ~ s r ~ ~ A & z

how did he feel when he Rndly climbed the wall?

hueone Part three

sameow dificlrlQ and rrwhle

ra~&rled SQP & r.!wd&m&.

* di&y

7 %

wdf

12

adrift la'drrfti c)own ikla~rni c:oncpal ;ksn 'si:l! make-believe i ' m ek-,bali:vi ~

Issue t e n ~ z ro ine ar:cident /'reksrdan(! amhulnncc I'embjalansi darnag~ (n) /'demrcigi' disbelief !'drsbali:fi d o t t b ~ldaoti electric tlldnket h'lcktrrk 'bI;eqkrti irel~erg/'arsb3:g/ involved in /rti'wolvd mi leap .Ili:p/ lick !bk: psychic l'sarkrki off i'rcrr of! rib In) i r ~ b i r u s l ~ir,iJi sailor i'serla! spirit !'sp~rrt/ switch off /'sr+nJ nTi take up i'lclk bpi voyage / ~ ~ 3 1 d y
wreck irekt

accelt-rate j;ck'selare~t/ accused (adj) :!a'kju:zdl bend (11) ihendi hrnke (v) :!brerk/ brt:ak down i'brerk ' d a o ~ ~ l court !cn:ti' deliberately lda'l~bratli! drivt: (v) idrarvl driving tvst !'dramrg t e s ~ i egg or1 !'eg nil! fierccl!, l'tiaulii fill in i'frl ml pet througl~/get '8ru:i givc 11p i ' g ~ v np:' gr~ outwith !g3u ' a o l wlB! j u ~ yi'd3oaril kerb .:'k~h! knock down ! ' n ~ k darrni lay-by i"ler-haii look up j81"k ,%PI los~ one's nerve /lu:/. wnnz 113:Vi
8 ,

l~ax~e a lie-in i h m 3 'Ial-lnl roughly !'r,\fli; routi1it.s 1ru:'ii:nzj trick (n) :!tr~kl up-to-date !np-12-'dcrt!

bring somt:r)n~ round /'brrq smlwtln 'raondi children :!'tJ~ldrgn! fuse ln) itju:j.,l hell ihcl:! kite kart:! pack a bay ipipek a 'bxgi prc-flight !'pri:-tlarti raise kern' rockel i'mkrtj

hang lip (v) / h m ~ 'npl made of I I I D ~ C 'meld ~ ar. 'inmil make an cfforL 'melk an 'cfat( mnan linaunt pull a fate /pol a fe~sl rayulg (acij) "rerrfgrql snack (n) isnek' sulk (v) t snlk ' sympathetic /,srmpa'8ettk/

Issue twelve part i h r e ~ backlirc Iv) Ibak'fmd

blame (v) ihlelinl chemical :'kern1 kll cracking (v) !kr;ek~g/ dare (v) :!dea: d ~ s i g n e dress r /drlaama dresl everyday !'cvr~dc~! gorgeous /'ga:dgas/ hi~mmock 'hrernak; 1lar i'latn: lie (n, V ) /IN; pay snrnrone back i p a ~

B s s s c e tea
alarrriing l a ' l u : ~ n ~ r ~ l applinrlcc a'pla~anst considerale karr'srdargt! disagreerricnt 'dlxa'gri:rn3nt/ divided ldr'vard~di drendfitl /'dredTol' full blast ,ful 'bla:\t/ hclpCul /'heIpful/ houschold~ri'kiushnldai
1

passcngvr "p;cs~nd3ai proseculor 'prosakju.tai rrrkless /'reklas! risky "r~ski, run nut of ir.w ' a u l av! ruri river :%in 'mva:! show off I'Jaii 'uKl slow down !'slau 'daon/ snon,boarrlin,c ?snauba:drq: swerve lsw3:vi tak~ off I'terk 'nT1 taunt (n) lt3:ntl tragedy i ' t r e d p d i l Lrial irLralll turn off l ' l x n 'of?

admit / x d ' m t i adulthood /'xdalthud/

:nrl up i'cnd np/ ook after iluk 'a:ftal )el-hate !'pct-'he1t1 kick up ipsk lap:! uin (1)) i'romi ur~ it1111 Irhn 'mtu:i hocked !'Jnk t ! 1 atistics /sta'trst~ks/ ummnrizc i's~marai7j

appliances >3'pl;ilansrz/ apprnxilnntely /s'prnksamatl~i computer lkam'pju:tal products ikalllsju:ma cons~tt~ricr 'pradvkts! electric bulb ja'lcktrrk bnlbi fl&-screen !'nat-skri:ni inotutor (1)) /'rnvnrta( pro.qmni 'praogrirnl satellite l'set3la1ll s p a r ~ s h i p, 'spcrsJrp' washing machinc t'wallg maJ'~:n/

jnaf'i one agitalcd /'&dgrtc~t~d/ apply for ta'plar f3:) attitude , ' z ( r ~ j u : d ' be fed up with soniclhing Ibi: 'Ted ap wrb stm0q' behave (bt'hcn~l blurt out /'bla:t sot' colour~di'k,ilxIi cops ,'knps/ discourage ldrs'k.md3i discritninat~/&s'krmmelU discriminalirln /&skrrmm'eij~il eagerly 1'i:galil Cirmly l'f3:rnlil Iurirlus i'fiuar~ns! galher l'gcaai jaw Idga:! librarian' llal'brcarrsni library card i'larbrari ka:di lower (v) I'laoa! nervoltsly /'n3:vasli/ pleasantly !plez3ntli/ referee !refa'ri:l sharply /'Ju:pli: sl~out. t'paot! sincere /sm's~a/ snap (v) /snzp/ splutter /'splkta/ stamp (17) !strempi whisper (v) ilwrspa/

stain (n) /'stem/

tent :tent.:' watch out l'walJ 'arrtl

dclighlt.rl / d a ' l a ~ t ~ d / do one's hit Idu: honz 'bit/ every ilow dnd then i'cvri nau an '8cn ' fed rlp (~71th)/fed ' \p ( u T ~ ) / g ~ into t t h e hakii of {yet ylta da 'hxbrt av' go o n and or1 a l Igao 'nn an
'011

aspert i'xspekt! crawl /kra:li

91!
(v) !graon;'

groan

Vocabula'ry
3 Match these words from the text to the pictures.
scared terrifid relieved

apprehensive

nervous

t ; G r m r a yaur writing
b..-..* "

ag a story start by setting the scene.

samples When t was fifteen ... A few p r s ago ... 1 ' 1 1 never forget the day when ...

...................,...,,..,..,...,...,...,,..,.......... 4 compIek the sentences with although, but, or

because.

b Use the simple past to describe the main

events.

Examples I went to o Scout camp... Itook photographs ...

c Use the past progressive to describe the

background. Example The $on was 9h1nmg...

I was afraid I didn't want to g~ diving of water. 2 1 was nervous, I gave a gaod talk in English. 3 1 ciirnbed up the wall, I couldn't come down. 4 Paula wasn't nervous about the test she studied hard. 5 I refused to go i ni n t h e water, my friends didn't hassle me. 6 I gave a goad talk 1 practised it aajn
1

and again.
7 I was really tired

happy at the end of

my dive.
8 -

d Jaln your sentences with linking words such as beause, but and although.
Examples I knew I mu/dnltget to the tap betause I am afraid of heights, Although they were a H newom, everyone in the group went up. The sun was shining but everyone was very quiet that morning.

I am a good swimmer, I've never been for a dive.

Writing
5 Fallow the improveyour writing guidelines and write a description of something you did that gave you a real sense of achievementeUse your own experience ar p e n d you were one of the people in the pictures in the Wam-up.

Make sure p u d-ibe

feelings as well as

events. Examples I was scared ..

I wos surprised ...

Self check
B Read your description again and answer these questions.
1 E dyou use a mixture of knses? 2 did you use any linking WOF~S?

you describe ywr feelings?

New Streetwise songbook

Lonely H

Glossary

bliss: ,g~rs{ hq~pincv

strivimg: @ < ; . n g

I
1 Do you ever Feel lonely?

..................................

rep: ltard

When? Why?
2 toak a t the song and try l o

4 Phrases in tire song like 'my guiding light' describe the singer's feelings about the person she loves. Find more phrases similar

to this.
~redict the missing words. The f i ~ letter t has been given to you. Look at the different verses for help,
5 In pairs think of some similar phrases that suggest how you feel about a fiend or member o fyour family They can h serious m funny, good or bad.

3 Listen and check your

answers.

Examples You are like water in the desert. You are like a spider on my sandwich.

What do you think of this mural? I s it art or vandalism?

r
Fear

What is your greatest fear?

What ISi the ideal mom

of your own?

-v4-m*
i
i 1 took at 'these wall paintings. Which is an example of graffiti? Why?

..

3 ~ a t c these h words ' t othe

pictures.

mural graffiti advertising slogan signature scribble

2 Read the article and answer these questions.

1 What usually happens to graffiti these days? 2 What do you call the signature ofa araffiti artist? 3 What motivates graffiti art?

4 What are the nlain influences for graffiti art? 5 Do you think the article is for o r against g d f i t i art?

Give your reasons.

aerosol: spray can thought-out: careful!^ analvsd

frustration: a
feeliq o f anger or

Peaple have a ' h W d M shd painted on walls. Prehistoric man painted on the walls of caves. for example. and those paintings are now considered mluable works of art, If people draw on walls thee days, though, it isn't considered art. It is callkd 'graffiti' and cleaned bff as soon as possible. Bur for many young peaplc aerosol art is just as serious as wll painting was for their prehistoric ancestors. Graffiti art takes a number of f~rms. If can be an individual mark. often just the initials of the artist, or something much larger, like a mural. Each artist has his or her own 'tag', or signature, and each piece of

For some artists graffiti is a readion to the circumstances of their lives, while for others it is a more thought-out artistic expassion. Either way. graffiti is wry pffsonal to the young person that produces it and it i s an expression uf his or her feelings. The rnotlvation behihd a piece of graffiti can be happiness or sadness, frustration or relief. For this reason it is an art form that is very close to the hearts of the young. Graffiti as a yuuth culture began in America but has become popular in many other countries. Its influences come from p o p cdtum, especially music and cartoons. Same of it is ab creative that art @tries have begun to buy it and the artists have become famous.

4 Listen to the words and mark

the stress.

graffiti art is 'tagged'.

frustr2e frustration motivate motivation communicate communication

diwtisfxtion

Now listen again and repeat.

16
I s u s two Pail one

***...... "............. ........"".... . .. .. .. .....................

Simple past and present perfect I Look at these sentences. 1 Gruffjti has appeared on the walls of our town. 2 GroffitIappeared on the walk of our tawn.
Which example suggests that the appearance is recent7 Which example could you complete with the expression o few y e m ugo ...?

your grammar

(not see) the wall since they (paint) it last month. Q They (not clean) the buses and trains in recent weeks, so they are very dirty now. I 0 Last month,the police (catch) someone writing graffiti on a wall.
8 1-

6 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

b
' I

2
3
4

Would you use the simple past or the present perfect for: something that happened a very short time ago and the exact time isn? mentioned? something that happened in the past and is finished' sornethlng that started in the past and continues up to the present? something that happened at a def~nite time In the past? Give an example of each use.

Examples Graffiti's influences come (come) from pop culture. People have drawn Idraw) on waIls since
prehistoric times.
1 He

(be) a graffiti artist for about four

years now.

He still (work) as an artist, doesn? he? 3 1(not see) any graffiti art before. 4 1(not know) any graffiti artists who Inat use) aerosols in their w o r k 5 As far as 1 know he (not paint) any
2

Simple present and present perfect

C: Look at these sentences.

2 Graffiti art has taken a number of forms ... Which example suggests that graffiti art existed before now?

r Graffitiarttakesanumberofforms...

more. Aerosol art (exist) since the 1970s. 7 Graffiti artists usually (sign) their work,
don't they?

Talking point
7 Is graffiti mindless vandalism or an art form? Why? List yaur reasons and share them with the class.

d Which tense would you use in these

sentences?Why? 1 Graffiti (existl today.

Listening

Practice
5 Complete these sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.

8 Three people talked to New Streetwise about graffiti. One is a sociologist who is interested in graffiti, one is a graffiti artist, one is a member of the public. hsten and complete the

tabIe in your notebooks.

Examples 1 haven't finished (not finish) painting the mural yet. Last year she sold (sell) some of her graffiti art to a gallery
(appear) in raves thousands of years ago. 2 Graffiti (be) a problem since aerosols

Mract 1
Lraffiti artist

Extract 2

Extract 3

Imo7 I

r Prehistoric paintings
appeared.

Now listen again. Who thinks:

3 The artists
4 5 6
7

(linish) their mural a

moment ago. Last week, I (go) to the museum to see an exhibition of graffiti ark. They (not paint) the wall yet. He (become) an artist in 1990. They (cover) a wall with graffiti during the night.

1 graffiti art is great? 2 graffiti artists are vandals? 3 graffiti is part of youth culture? 4 graffiti artists want attention? 5 we should clean graffiti up? 6 graffiti art belongs to young people? 7 graffiti art is a way to express yaur feelings?

Issue two h r t one

17

Improve your grammar ..................... ".. ".....,. ... ..... .. .. ............ ".. ...
The gerund

5 Work in pairs. Talk about things your partner enjoys.

The form of the gerund is the same as the -ing

form. Example Faster breathing provides more oxygen. The gerund is formed from a verb but works like a noun In the sentence.

Example What is your favourite pastime? I enjoy listening to music.

Getting Streetwise? E 4
Giving advice

b We can use the gerund: as the subject of a sentence.

Example Swimming 15 good for you. as the complement of a verb. Example Her hobby is pamting. after prepos~tlons. Example She's interested in pofntlng. after certain verbs, e.g. admit, enjoy, etc. Example / enjoy listening to rock music. In compound nouns. Example o swimming pool

afraid of being\

6 Use these expressions to give advice to the person in the picture. You should ... Why don 'tyou ... You ought to ... You could ...

Example You should see a doctor! 7 Listen to the extracts and complete the table.

We must use a gerund when a verb 1s placed immediately after a preposition. Examples I have no objection to seeing you again. He's good at running.

I
Extract 1
Extract P Extract 3 Extract 4

Problem

Practice
4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of t h i words bdow.

Advice Have p u ever thought of... h ~ e I O U w th0~4h of... Don't you %ink it might...

If I were you, I would...

8 Work in pairs. Give advice in these situations.

build
play
I

steal

talk

perform listen

travel

improve

I suffer from stage fright - that's when you are afraid of in front of people. 2 \%en the police caught him, the thief
admitted

, , a,
I hate flying!
&hate
#

driving! )

54 She's an

the money. i n planes can be very frightening for

some people. engineer. Her job is things all over the world. 5 1 enjoy listening to music and the guitar. 6 about your fears can be a way of ending them. 7to pap music is a good way of \lour English.

\my

exams.)

Issue two Part two

19

1
k Issue:

Part
?

Page
8

Topic
Pop

Grammar
Simple past a

Function
d pat p
w k

' 1I
I

2 10 Bullies
3

Used b o r w u l d + infinme

Expressing sympathy

12

A sense ofachievement

14

Songbook: LmcIy

.r a

B -

lssu

2-24

Grammar review Issues 1 and 2; Grammar practice

28

The battle o f tke sexes

Ambitions

will or going to + i n f i m e

28

Fufmpgmmve

R q n d i n g posjtivdy

3 30 Computer addim
Songbook: Up on the roof

a
8

4
88

W a r t s

Pa6t perfect pmgresstve

attdjgivhg opinions

G'ijm

I1
2

40-42

44

Grammar review Issues 3 and 4; Grammar practice Smoking Tense changes in reported speech
Copitlg with adults
Rqorting qu&ions R~porting verbs f o r statements

46

Refusing offersJpersua~ion

48

Dear Diary

- 1
1

52

uk: Ather and son The real you?

So

Cbljdiiionds

84

The price of progress

T - P M ~ ~

Conditionais with unless/ as l a q as/pvl&g t w provided that

hpesiidfsagreemea

5 1 3 ;

5B-62

Grammar review Issues 5 and 6; Grammar practice

i 2 Read the extract from Kate's

t
1

letter about her room and answer these questions.

Which photograph is she decrib'hg? 2 In which paragraph does she describe: what she does in her
rodm. the ways she would change her room. the things she has in her room. the changes she somdimes makes, 3 What tenses does she use?

Vocabulary
3 The -jng suffix can be added to verbs to form
nouns that describe common activities.

Examples read reading write writing

1 Name six activities ending in
2

....,.... "................. . ... . . . ...~....~~..~ Describing a place a Don't just llst the contents of a place. Give information about how the place reflects your
,....v..

Improve your writing

(
-ing.

Share your ideas with the class. 3 Put the words into categories, e.g. sport, hobbies, etc.
4 Look at these groups of words, Which is the odd one out in each group? Why?

'

interests.

b Organize the description Into paragraphs. Each paragraph should contain information about an
aspect of the place and your relation to it.

Writing
6 Follow the Improveyour writing guidelines and write a description af your room. Make sure you answer these questions. Have you got your own room or not? What is your room tike? Has il got a lot o f
space?

Practice
5 Complete the sentences with the simple present or the present perfect of the verb in brackets.

Example
My mother collects (coIlect) antiques. She has collected Ccollect) them for years.
1

Do you like it? Why?/Why not? Do your friends come to your room? What do you usually do in your room? What things have p u got in your room? Do you ever get bored with your room? Do you ever change it around? How? How would you change your room, if you

could?

2 3

4
5

My uncle gave me a poster for my birthday. I (not put) it on the wall yet. -1 (collect) dolls since 1 was three. l often (move) the furniture round when I (get) bored. We (not see) a room like this before. My father (hate) pop music. If1 (get) plenty of posters, I'll put them

Self check
7 Read your description and give yourself marks out of ten for: handwriting grammar spelling interest
punctuation

(go) t o antique shops to look for things for my room. 8 1(change)my room about lots of times. 9 1 (have) a bigger bedroom now than when Iwas young. 10 My brother (love) decorating his room. I1 I (sleep) in the same room since 1 was five. 12 1 just (paint) my bedroom wall.
7 Sometimes I

"P-

8 Give your description lo another student. Ask herhim to read it and give you marks out of ten. Are they the same as the marks you gave yourself? Discuss any differences with your partner.

9 Read your partner" description again. What additional information would you like about hisher room?

Issue twa Part three

21

IGrammar review
Issues 1 and 2
Simple past
Form
infinitive t -ed (except for irregular verbs) Uses I To describe a past habit, or repeated actions in
P To talk about things that

Examples I played the guitar every day

happened regularly i n the past. 3 To express states i n the pad.

He used to go to work by car.

I used to live in France.

the past. 2 To relate a completed past event, with or without a mention of time. 3 To tell a story.

LastJuIy I went to Rome.

Would
Form would + infinitive
Use

When I was seventeen the most amazing thing happened to me.

To describe past routines, habitual actions in the past.

Example The girls would bully her:

Past progressive
Form was/tvere + -ing

Uses
1

Examples

To suggest that one action He was working in a shop in the past started before when he met her.
another action in the past, and probably continued after it.

Note Would is often used when relating childhood experience or recalling memories of the past It is not as common as used to. Would is only used to talk about past actions. We do not use it to talk about past states, with verbs like be, have, live, etc.

Present perfect
Form -

hashave + past participle

To describe temporary actions or situations in the past. 3 To give background information in stories.

It happened w h i l e I was living in London.

Note

The present perfect links the past and the present. Uses
1 Often used with just

The sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees.

to describe an action in the

recent past.

Examples He has just come in. (= He came in a few

minutes ago.)

f Used to
i Form
I
i

For recent actions in the past with a present result. The evidence is in the

Graffitihas appeared on
our walls.

Positive: used to + infinitive Negative: didn't use to + infinitive Interrogative: Didyou use to + infinitive

present. 3 For actions which began in the past and still take place
or are happening now
4

He has lived here all

his life.

Uses 1 To express a habit that no longer continues often in contrast with the present. ( Would does not have this meaning.)

Examples I used to play basketbalf; now Ijust watch,

For recent actions when the Haveyou seen the film? time is indefinite. Negatives No, 1 haven't seen ityet. and questions may use yet.

5 To relate experience (from the past up until now). It

Haveyou ever seen a

is often used with ever or never.

whak? No,lke never seen one.

Simplle present
Forms
Positive: Negative: Interrogative:
infinitive I + -s for he/she/it) do not/does not + infinitive do/does t infinitive
Examples lJmthirs9 Do you like oranges? The sun sets in the west.
1 Write the simpIe past and past participle of these verbs.
1 become 2 forgive 3 get
4

Uses
1T o express a

present state. It may be used to express general truths. 2 To talk about habits, or regularly occurring events.
3 To describe present events. This is a special use for

He works in New York (eveqy day). I often play basketball.

hit

commentaries.

'Ronaldo shoots and it's a goal!' We mix the sauce and 'pour it into the tin ...'

5 Pay 6 send 7 shake

sleep wake 10 wear

8 9

Gerunds
Form
infinitive + -ing (sometimes with a change of spelling)
Examples

2 Write an appropriate question and two possible answers using the present perFect. Example Have you cleaned the windows? Yes, I have. No, i haven't cleaned them yet.
1 2

Uses I As the subject of a sentence. 2 As the complement of a verb. 3 After prepositions. 4 After certain verbs. Here are some o f the most common: admit, appreciate, avoid, be used to, can 't help, can't stand, deny, dislike, dread, enjoy, feel like, finish, foqet, hate, keep C= continue), miss, stop. 5 In compound nouns.

Swimming is good forpu. Her hobby i s painting.

He's good at diving I'm fond of singing. 1 can't stand listening to classical music. I enjoy walking He's used to getting up earb

3
4

5
6 7

9
10

paint the door dust the furniture wash the car put the poster up drink your coffee do the washing up tidy your room finish your homework learn your vocabulary buy a new dictionary

A swimming-pool. A washing-machjne.

1 Complete the sentences with the simple past or the past progressive form of the verb in brackets.

Notes The gerund is formed from a verb, but behaves like a noun in the sentence. Some verbs, like stop, have a different meaning depending on whether they are hIlowed by the base farm or the gerund (see Grammar review 7 and a). Be used to and used to aIso have different meanings. We use be used to + gerund to mean to be accustomed to something (see examples above).

brnple I was stud9ng (study) English when I visited (visit) England for the first time.
I
2

3
4 5

Alison (walk) hame when someone (stop) her. When I got there the sun (shine), but it (start) to rain sr>onafterwards. Who YOU (talk) to when I (see) you in town? 1 (break) my arm while I (play) tennis. w h yY O U(speak) to him when he

(try) to study?

6 -1

(live) in Germany at the time that t (meet) him. 7 -1 (eat) dinner when my friend tarrive). 8 -1 (learn) German while I (work) in Germany. 9 What YOU (do) when I (phone)

you last night?

Grammar practice
28

2 Complete these sentences with used to or would.In some examples only used to i s possible. In others, either form can be used.
Examples M y mother used to be an actress. As a bay, he would often play alone.
I We paint and make models in primary school. 2 On Sundays he get up early and go Fishing. 3 She dislike Darren but she often sees him now. 4 Tom walk to work, but now he has got a car. 5 Mary like eating hamburgers, but she can't

5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate gerund.

Example Keep ringing the bell. I'm sure somebody is at home.

r I'm a vegetarian. hate meat. ~raFFition the walls. 2 Peter denies 3 She's afraid of her designer trainers because she

might be attacked. I'll never Forget 5 I'm thirsb 1 reel like 6 She really enjoys

Disneyland when I was eight. a drink. to football matches.

stand them n o w
smakc about twenty cigarettes a day. 7 This buildins is now a museum. It be a school. 8 When she was a lillle girl she refuse to put on
6 A few years ago, I

1 What were you like in primary school? Make notes of

the answers to these questions.

1 What primary school did you go lo? 2 Where did you sit? In the front or at the back? 3 Who did you sit next to? 4 What did you wear? 5 Did you use to be a good student or were you naughty? Give examples of some of the things you used to do. 6 What sports and games did you play? 7 Did you like primary school? Why? Why not?

her shoes.
3 Complete these sentences with the present perfect or the simple past form of the verb in brackets.

Example His Family moved (move) here when he was two, so he has seen (see) many changes since then.
Tori Amos's new CD just (arrive) i n the shops, 2 -1 (have) this tennis racket for five years. I don't want to change it. 3 When you (meet) him for the first time? 4 1{know) him since we (be) at primary school. 5 The sun (go>down and it's dark now 6 A new dance craze (arrive) from the USA. It's called The Fly 7 'Where you (get) that shirt? I (not sec) anything like that before.' '1 (buy) i t ages ago. Do you like jt?' 8 Help him! He (fall) into a hole!
1

2 Use the notes and your own ideas to write a 50 word paragraph about your life in primary school.

Example I used fa go to Foxton Primary School. I remember that lalways used to sit at the back ...

3 New Streetwise sometimes has a section called 'My

Favourile thing'. where readers write about something they own that i s special to them.

My favourite thing BY

4 Rewsi te these sentenceswith the simple present or the present perfect form of the verb in brackets.

Examples
H e (live) here all his life. He has lived here all his life.
He still (cook)his own meals.

Tim Bailey 15 My favourite thing i s my watch. It's an old-fashioned watch and it's not verv beautiful or expensive but it's special because my grandfat her gave it to me and it reminds me of him. He gave it to me for my birthday three years ago and whenever I look at it I remember the fun that 1 used to have with my grandfather.
Write your own piece for 'Myfavaurite thing'. Make sure

H e sfill cooks his own meals.

r She never (teach) before.

She usually (eat) here. 3 His English (get) better over the past few years. 4 1 (not be) there since I 997. 5 1 (love) pizzas. don't you? a ~ccording to his mother. he (not finish) yet.
2

you:
introduce what the thing is
= explain why you like it and why it is speciaI to you describe where and how you got it.

~erddl&) b*.

0 %entire farnih Cbe)

i I !m

the past -war.

Phe battle of the sexes

-I

wnicn praure IS more

typical of women today?

q 'I'
HOW old is this boy? What do you think his ambition is?

' I

reter mlnu ne is a computer addlct What does a computer addict do?

The battle of the sexes

Warm-up
1 Look at the pictures and
answer these questions.

What is happening? Who does these jobs in your home, the men, the women or are they shaved? 3 Has this changed in recent years or not?
1 2

F
1
C_-

Recrdlng El
2 Decide if these statements about the role of women in British society are true or false. Read the article and check your answers.

Women in societl
rnafters: They am humernakvrs, m e n are wage-earner, Women are the pmpefy of their husbands.
this kind of prejudice was very common. Women would learn to sew' and the housework. The only jobs they responsibility far the children than the father,

In 1900 many British women were seen as the property af their husbands. 2 British women started to work i n factories during the First World War. 3 Women kept their jobs when the men back from the
1

war. 4 Feminism grew in the 1960s. 5 Today British men and

6

warnen share the L o p jobs. Today British men and women have equal responsibility far the children. 7 In future, everyone agrees that men and women will become mQreequal.

3 What is the position of women in your country? Are they liberated?Dothey have top jobs? Do men and women share respo-nsibility for their children? Give reasons for ymr answers.

In Britain, the First World War (1 914-1 8 ) marked a great change for WOll-ten- Fof the first time t h y wbrked in offices and factories to fill the places of men at war They were just as goodl if not betterl than 17l~l-1 at all jobs. However, when the war was over the women went back to their homes. The same thing happened during the Second World War.

Some people argue that men and women are going t o become more and more equal. They say that recent advertisements that show men taking care of the children and doing the housework reflect what is happening In society and they feel this trend will contirlue.

others*hi& iha. fings are

gotng t o change that much. For example, many women's still the that interests are the home; family, children, cooking, fashion, beauty and, of course, men. They also argue women will be happy to stay at home

equality with men Yern~nism'and * 'sexism' became part of the ................................................ .. --...-.....-....... language, Women final) began to G'-W be accepted in traditionally male, WomenT*~ib: w e n ?L&eratim,a
Today many women choose tcr work, Hawever, there are not many women in the top jobs, In some jobs, they stiI l receive less pay than
mvernent which entourages the qualily of w&nen with men
feminism;
lhat men

wi@h'sw'lhmen

sexism: Bdief rhal me,w t w a @ women) is !&rim to tk &her

Vocabulary
4 Find words in the article which begin with the letters in brackets and mean:

Listening E l
When Igrow up... was the title of a piece written by an eight-year-old girl in the New Streetwise Young Writers' competition.

person who gets money for the family (w...) 2 something that belongs to someone ( Q ...I 3 unreasonable dislike for a person or group of people (p. ..) 4 found very often (c...) 5 to give reasons for a particular opinion (a.. .)
1

a general movement or direction (t...I 7 make stronger I t ..I .

............................... will or going to + infinitive a Wil/ and going to can both be used for future predictions. They are quite sirndar and often we can use either form.
I.......................................

Improve your grammar

Examples Women ore going to become more equal. Women will become more equal. However, why is it better to use going to in Sentence 1 and will in Sentence 27 1 Several women now hold top jobs in industry. I. think that in the near future men and women are going to become more equal. 2 1 believe that things will change but I" not sure when.

6 Before you listen, think about the title and list some of the things you think she will mention.

Examples I will g e t married. I am going t o go to unirfersity

7 Listen and check your ideas. What did she mention that was different from what you

expected?
8 What do you think an eight-year-old boy would write given the same title?

b We can also use will or going to to talk about

our intentions. 1 When do we use wr//? 2 When do we use going to?

Note Shall is only used w ~ t h 1 and we. ShalE is common in: question tags after let's: Let's go, shall we? suggestions: Sha//we take a taxi? requests for instructions: What shall l do with
your letters?

Example I will ~ l a , v football for my country

Talking point
9 Work in pairs or small groups of the same sex
and discuss your answers to these questions.

Practice
Will women work after marriage? Will men stay at home and look after the chiIdren? Will women have the top jobs in business and politics? What will the position of women, be in your country in the future?

be when you get married? 2 Do you think you will work after you get married? 3 Will you expect your partner to work? 4 Who will do the various jobs in your house?
1 How old do you think you will

Why?
Now share your ideas with the class.

5 Use will or going to to write eight predictions about the future of women in your country.

Example f think women will soon be in all the topjobs.

Issue three Part one

27

Warm-up
I

3 Listen again and answer these quertims.

I Why wilI Torn swim in cold water and deep

1 twelve*The
at its narro

I
to swim-&

with the windows open i n the next few months? 2 VVhy h e s Tom want to swim the Chamnd before his twelfth birthday 3 Do yau. think he i3 worried ahaui the trip o t naW Why?

I4

Improve your grammar .......,......,,................,.*.*........,*..,...*..*.*

1'11 be doing a lot of swimming in the next few

m*~mw,"*"

1 What da you think of Tom" sbitiotl? Would you like to try something similar?

months.

Listening E4
2 D i s w the-p~ssibte answm to these que9Xioris, Listen and check your wwets.

We can use the future pr~gressive to describe

actbns which will be h progress in the Immediate or distant future.

Example Hurry up! The guests will be arriving at ony

How many hnufs a day will Tarn train for? a 3 b5 c 6 o Eefme the swim Tam wants to: a put on weight. b b~ wetght. 3 How many years has he been trafniqg far this swim?
1

minute!
b It is used for activities that will be ir?progress at a specifictlme In the future. Example This time next week they'll be lying on the
beach,

a 4

b6

c 8

4 HDWmany b r s will it i&e him to get across? a 8 b 10- c 12

s The bast m a d s to swim the channel are: a Jan.u&ry and Februar$

6

c we can also use ~t to refer to planned events.

Example 111 be going to England this summer.

b August a d Septmber. c October and December. Tom will be c o w e d in fat and shtrepr>s oil to:
a help t e p him warm.

d It can be used when sornethrng is not planned, but will happen anyway because It b part of a normal routine. Example \'/I be seeing Mary at school tomorrow.

h hdphim move through the water.

Practice
k at Tom's diary for ton~orrtlwi

Getting Streetwise! E d
Responding positively
7 Look a L [he picture. What do you think Tom \ anrl CaLhy arc Lalking aboul? Listen and check I vour answers. Makp sure vou itnderstand ~liesc words and cxprtlssions hefore vou siart.
brochure

053.30

Fun to school
Take history test

-F

09-00

beach club

circus school

tricks

IP.00

Teah the juniors to swim

1b.00
15.00

Train at the pool

---

5fudy for my maths ewrn

-------

12'hat will hr be doin: at the Following times?

Example
At 0700 he'll be havin.~ Iris breakfast.

5 Cornpl~te these sentences in an appropriate way using the future progressive.

Exarnplc At six o'clock this rvening I'II be siudving.

This time tomorrow I . 2 In August my friend . 3Intenyears'tirneI . 4 My Friend on Saturday afternoon. 5 At ZOO am lomorrow I .
1

8 Listrn 10 tht. clialoyuc a ~ a i n Which . of Lhese (>xpressionscan vou litlar?

That's nicc. Lucky you! That's reall\,great! That's great news! Well done! Wow! That looks reallv fantastic. It's all right Tor some. 9 Work in pairs. Take turns to choose an

Talking point
6 We asked some New Str~ehvise readers the questian: Whal willyou be doing in fifteen years' time? Here are some o f their answers:

apprnpriat~~xpression lo respond LO each of Ihesr siluations. Try and use a positive

intonalion.

I'll be 1ookin.q For a,joh I'll be st udving to be a doctor I'II be leaking after n y children. I'll be doing a boringjab. 1'11 he pla yiny Footl3all for a top dub.
What i s your view of the future? Is il positive or neqative? What do you think you'll be d a i n i in: ten years' time? fifteen years' lime? twenty years' tirne?
Do you have a particular ambit ion? What will you have to do to achieve your ambition? Are vou prepared to work as hard as Tom Greqorv .. to achieve it? Why/why not?

Your parher shows you an expcnsive birlhday present. 2 Your partner tells vou they have passed an exam. 3 Your partner tells you they are goins on a special holiday 4 Your partner tclls ! n u Lliev are goins to study mvdicine at univrrsily
1

Example Lonk! Dad R n u ~ thrtw a n t w cornputrs for rnv birthday. Luckv . -w u !

Answer the quest ions individually before sharing your ideas with the class.
Issue three Part two
29

Reading
An~decomparingpop gtQUpS from differeat M o d s

Listening

Speaking
D ~ F V P Y P S ~

thq.are P An interviewwith a gid Friends e x ~ m & WP%

~~~

Dimwing M y i n s and

how to stop it
A demiption of a p e m n a l
[ I l s c u s s i q actWe5puwould

in comemtim
Ap

d M p t f o n of an achhwnmt

and wouldn't like to do

< -

An artide about graffitias an

O~Molls about graffm

I - _ _

a r t form An artide about fear and phobia$ people giving advice

*a1

..

..t -

-d

art form?

., =
A &scription o f your r o m

A personal &@&on
abedradm

o f

Di9a1shgbedrooms

Anmhmztfromabook describimg a first c@ette

A letter to a problem page
I

An Merview abmit the dangers

of s m o h

Di-sm~b

Pmuading a friend to do something he dwsti't want t~ do

D f s c d g pmbhls

* m b

1 computer addicts
j
- .

I Warm-up
1 What do you think of these

Reading M
2 h a d t h e article that Pete sent to New Streetwise Which is the best summary?
1 Pete is a computer addict. He plays video games so much that he doesn't have time to exercise ar make friends. H e is shy because

games? Do you play any 5f them? Haw many hours a week do you play them?

computer games have made him antisocial. He thinks they can make people violent too, but the real prohlem is that they are too much fun.
2

Pete is a computer addict. H e plays video games so much that he daesn't have time to exercise or make friends. He is shy but he doesn't think computer games have made him antisocd. He doesn't think that games make people violent either, he just thinks they are too much fun.

3 Complete the article with the words and phrases below

However (x 2 )

but (X 2)

According to

because (x 3)

computer game? I will. (1) , 1 think I would be better off if 7 I weren't, because of the many dangers it can lead to. : , , -

-e j@~g@@~&~ pimy^ my^

(1,
@ @ , $ & < *

uter addict s i n g w a s . I am now fifteen my habit. My f ,w@ +- ntly tells me to do

-'"&w

*&&I

a b u l twenty-fw how& a a & k : Raying video geihe~W p me from exercising and playing ~ ~I have no ltime furfriends. . My &~ool\uark a !sufFeq ( 3 ) I d w " f ~ ~ ; rn$han do ork as quickly as possible.

-.

!**

.-

(4) an article I read, these games can make you antisocial. I'm not sure ifthat i s true. 1 know that I find it difficult ta talk to people but is that because of the games or (51,,: 1 .GL,. have always been shy?

Many of the games are very violent 6 )

f '

them seriously. They are just fun. (7)

II

research shows that games can make you violent and aggressive. I find that difficult to believe (8) I've always been one of the most gentte boys - in my - class.

nobody takes some experts say

The main problem with games k that they am too much fun. Lot$ of young people play them and if they are not careful heycan taka over their livw. I h o p 1 get my life back soon.

your writing .*.. ~.....*............-..--....---...-...........-......*...*.........

Writing an article

5 Children can learn a lot from cornpuler games.

, parents should conlrol the amount of time they spend on them. 6 Girls d o nol learn as much about computers they d o not play as manv games as boys.

a Start by introducing the topic.

Use a question or a surprising fact to attract the reader's attention

Examples Whot will you be doing this evening? Did you know tho t 96X of game addicts are

Vocabulary
6 Match these words and phrases Crom the arlicle to the definitions.

I
I

b Use different paragraphs for each aspect of the

subject. Make sure you end with an overall comment or remark.

the latest thing

addicl

craze

junkie

Where possible give specif~c examples or refer to things you have read Here are some useful
expressions.

1 someone who enjoys doing, rating, watching, etc. something so much h a 1 ihey cannot stop 2 an informal word for someone acldicted to

sorneihing
3 the most recent and popular fashion 4 sornet h ing I ha1 is very fashionable Tor a very short lime

According to an article ... Some experts say. . I've reod h o t . .. . I've keurd that... Research shows that...

7 Now answer Lhe questions.

d Show that you do not agree with something by

using expressions like:

I'm not sure if thot's true.

I find it difficult to believe...

What is a TV junkie? 2 What is a chocolate addict? 3 Give an example of a recent craze. 4 W h a t is the latest thing in clothes?
1

Writing

Practice
4 Complete the sentences with the expressions

below. According to
1 -

Research shows that

a recenl television programme, boys who were computer addicts have done well at university. 2 computer addicts are the inventors of tomorrow, 3 the people whn make the games, violence is part of society. 4 addiction to games disappears when kids get older. 5 some experts, the games improve computer skills.

8 Follow Lhe Improveyour writing guidelines and write an article abaut a teenage Cashion or craze. What do you think about it? Are kids addicted t o it? Why? I s it a good or bad thing? Why? Do

parents and experts share your view? Why/why not?

Self check
9 Work in pairs. Look at your partner" article and answer the questions.
1

* -*z;:.
=m
-- - / -

5 Complete thesentenceswith however, because or but. Knowing about computers can improve your social life olher children ask for help. 2 Computer addicts are shy they are not antisocial. 3 Some games appeared almost twenty years ago. , they are still popular, 4 Games are important for a child's development they give a child problems they can solve.
1

Is the arr~clein paragraphs? What is the purpose of each para<ap h? How could the article be
improved?

Share your ideas.

Issue three Part thrm

31

New Streetwise songbook u

: Up o n the roof rn

erse 3

On the roof i s the only place 1 know ., ' I get away from the hustling crov Ir a " Where you just have to wish to And a 1 1 that rat-race noise down in the st=
-3

"-mPrA
d % W L

..
E M -

w & m t L L ~ ~ L d r d & k $ "*mw#r,pbwdaw&ak

k ~ h & h f ' # K ! & * ~ . =-

Verse 4 At night the stars put on a show for Let's - go up on the roof! k larling you can share it all with

E<,
3 Listen and check your
answers.
4 What kinds of things make you want t o escape from

1 Look at the picture arld these phraw from the song. What do you think the mng is abeuf?

drift right into space tired and beat

hustling crowd rat race

2 The lines of each vme have been jumbled. Put them into the correct order.

life for a while? Where do you go?

ial arts 1

Are martial ar Pg! f t - - """ - " wny nor r

Warm-up
j 1 Are you a fan of a sports team, pop group, or famous I person? What do you do to show you are a fan? Do you ever do too much?

I'

It Reading
i

2 Read the article abaut pop fans and find:

1

the time people began to wait outside, I 1 the number of people at the concert, 3 the age of many of the fans. f 4 the names of two fans who had seem him before. i 5 the name of a fan who i: wanted to look like Robbie. 6 theway this fan got his i concert ticket. j 7 the reason why the securiv i guards became worrled. i 8 the reason why it was hard to hear anything.

F 7
-

It was only 5.00 p.m. two hours before the doors officially opened and there were hundreds of young people outside the concert hall, Their faces showed their emottons - happiness, nervousness and love. Some fans were near to tears.

lams in concert
'

Many d the 2,500 people at this concert were less than fourteen years OM. Some of the older girls had worked out which gate he would mme through and were trying to persuade the security guards to let them get closer than anyone else. Camline and Vicky both fourken - had hitch-hiked almost 100 kilometres to get there.

'I think I'll die if Idon't see h i m , ~ g g Caroline, d 'We saw him last year i n real lite - W d e Capihl Rad& 'Heb much more-beau?jful wAen said Vicky. 'He's not
really fat,'

3 Have you ever been to a pop concert? What do you think of people who scream during
a concert?

Not all the fans were girls. Martin had come with his frlend. He was thirteen and hying very hard to i m k like h i s hem. His mum had queued halflhe night for their IiWh as a birthday prwnt.

la

I I

Meanwhile, h , mws Bpwd that Robbie had a r r i d a few h o u before. ~ Some very disappointed teenaged went home. Vicky and ,W1ine decidided to wait outside.

I I

Everyone else went inside.

Glossary
security guard: s m e o n c who stops peoplegettrng into pbces without per~nissi~n

support band:
group that plays before the main ataction

Robbie came on in a black, shiny T&Y a black Cather jacket and leather frousem. As fhe night wore an his fans became more and mote excited. Robbie took off his jacket. By this ffme his T-shirt was waked and thefans went mad. The security guards stopped looklng b e d and hegap b lo& womed. More and mare girk left'their seats wing to get clow to Roblsie, The s c r e a m i got ~ louder and lo& and it was difficu) $ hear the wods of Angels. And then it was over. A quick encore - a rack vet& of Back fur Gmd from his Take That days and Robbie was gone, leaving noahlng but & a dark, empty stage.

By 9.00 p,m, a suppml band had been and gone. E v m n e - apart from the bored-lrxrking security guards - was getting very excited. Suddenly the stage filled with ~joise and light. Robbie was on.

..............,.. ................

a4
.

Issue four Part one

1Find words in the text that begin with the letters in brackets and mean:
1

travelled by getting Free rides in other people's

6 Listen t o a repart on superfan Jon Bean. Choose themmect word or phrase to complete f he sentences.

cars (h. . . I in line for something (q...I 3 went from person to person (s ...I sad becausk they did'not succeed Cd..,)
2 to wait

very wet (s,.,S an extra song at the end of a concert (e ...I

-.<

mprove your grammar ..................,.,.> ** .......- , *

.
,,,

& \ . &

. A

Past perfect a Look at these examples.

I had warted for hours. . His mum had queued half the nrght... Some of the older grrls had worked out which gate ...
Complete the definirion

The form of the past perfect is

+ past
1

b We use the past perfect to refer to a past action or event that occurs before another actian In the past.

Jon went to the match beforelafterthe

wedding.
2 It was CIare's first/secand football match. 3 Clare was/ wasn't very understanding 4 Jnn now p s to matchvs alone / with CClare.

mactlce
5 Cmplate the textwith the simple past o a r pgst perfed %omOF the verbs in brackets.

5 Jon has been / has never been married

before.

%mi-eh) I c ~ h r ewl ) sta$ at tlineMost af the audience f8) Carrive) hours earlier. Map of f k m (3) {have) na tickets but (41 CcomeZ a n p q TWGcif them (3) (hitch-hike1 almq$k loo kiivmtllres! Most uf the audience (6)

7 Work in pairs. Take a role (A or l3) each. Prepare the interview

A You are a New Streelwise reporter. Think of questions to ask a superfan. ExampIes What areyou a fan of? Why do you like this band//snger/iirn efc.?

lbeZgirlsbutthereC71 &elaFmboys like Martin. Martin ( 8 ) Ereceive1 hs ticket as a birthday present and he was very excited to be at the con&. H e was lucky. Many fan$ could not get i n and (1 0) (5) h m e full a f disappeinthrent.

B
Imagine you are a superfan of your favourite tearn/singer/film or TV star. Think of some questions your partner might ask and prepare some answers.

Examples

Why doyou like this band/singer/film elc*.? How often h a w you seen this bandfilm etc. ?
8 Act your interview for the class. Vote for the craziest sup~rfan.

Issue four Part one

35

Martial arts
i
i
1 ~ a t c the h names of these martial arts to the pictures.

3 kead the article about Katawa, a martial art, and decide if these statements are true or fdse.
i 2

Kendo

Judo

Karate

3
4

5 6 7 8

Andy Thomas fought against the boys that attacked him. Andy Thomas was hurt i n the attack. Fiona Williams did not want to stop doing Katawa. Followers of Katawa believe that 'inner force' can protect them from injury It takes a long time to get a hlack belt i n Katawa. Katawa instructors are not well qualified. Doctors think Katawa is bad for your health. The man who started Katawa lives in Britain.

The case against Katawa

Seventeen-year-old Andy Thomas
was attacked by a gang o f boys as

I
1

he walked home from a disco one night. He had been practising Katawa for about a year, and he was sure that his 'inner force' would protect him, so he just

stood here believing his attackers could not hurt him. He was taken to hospital, but luckily his injuries were not serious.

i i

Can you name any other

martial arts?

i 2 Answer these questions.

1 What martial arts are

practised in your country? 2 Do you know anyone who practises a martial art? What i s involved? How often do they have to train and practise?
36
Issue four Part

Mary William- was worried that her daughter wasn't getting enough exercise. She was therefore very happy when her daughter Fiona decided to go to martial arts classes. The thirteenyear-old had been going to Katawa classes f o r less than three months when her mother became worried about the bruises on Fiona's stomach and back. Fiona got them during tests on her 'inner force'. Fiona w e d that the 'inner force' had protected her and her mother had trouble persuading Fiona to stop doing Katawa. Ka~w was brought to Britain by Leonard Ching.Its main technique is an 'inner force'. Katawa's followers claim it protects the M y from a n y blow or attack and preverrts it f m suffekg any pain o r injury.When w e suggested that
an inmaor chimed he could

healing'. Followers of Katawa can progress very rapidly. One person we met had been doing mtawa f o r less than a year and he already had a bIack belt. Some instructors are only twelve o r m e e n years oId! This is kcause the only qualification you need to became an instructor is a black belt! You progress in Katawa by doing 'inner force tests'. We saw demonstrations of these. They included breaking bricks on a man's stomach. The tests were impressive to look at but doctors are worried about the risks of long-term injury to hands, wrists and internal organs.
Despite all this, we met people devoted to Ching and prepred to defend Katawa. Ching himself has less faith than his followers. Following a police invesngation into complaints, Ching has already

I
I

left Britain.

inner force: power that comm from withjnthebody

impressive: haw a stmng positive effect

.........................................................................

defend: say write or do something to support someone or something

Getting Streetwise! rm,l

II
/
;

4 Match these verbs from the text to the definitions.

protect
2

Seeking and giving opinions

cure

prevent

attack

damage

d try to hurt someone by using force to spoil or harm something 3 make an injury illness, etc. disappear
4

7 Listen to this conversation between a New Streetwise reporter, Mrs Williams, whose daughter was injured through doing Katawa, and Dennis Hall of the Martial Arts Society. Tick the expressions they use to seek opinions.
What do you think? Do you agree? What's your view? Why do yau think that? Is it true that ... ? What are your feelings about that? Don't you think ...?
8 Now listen again and tick the expressions they use to give their opinions.

to keep someone safe from injury, damage or

loss to stop (mrnething) happening or someone

doing something
5 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs above.
1

3
4

She is learning martial arcs to herself from attack. Smoking can -your health. A dog and bit my brother. This medicine will your cold. Her parents tried to her from going out after midnight.

,
!
'

,
Ill

Improve your grammar ,... '., ...............".."......,,.. ...... "... .......-...-..-...--.

Past perfect progressive

We believe ... I'm afraid ... In my opinion ... That may be true, but ... As far as I'm concerned ... I still think ...

I think ... I would like to see. ..

hod + been + i n g We use the past perfect progressive to refer to an action in the past that was In progress before a I second event In the past.
Example , He had been practising Katawa for about a year. 1 (before he was attacked)

Talking point
9 Work in small groups. Use the expressions you have just learnt to find out what the others think about these questions.

r What would you do if you were threatened in

the street?
2 What are the benefits of self-defence classes? 3 Do you think normal martial arts classes can

Practice
6 Complete these senlences with the past perfect progressive form of the verb in brackets.

do any harm? Should young children be allowed to practise martial arts?

H e became an instructor after he (learn) Katawa for less than a year. 2 She was hot because she (practise) for hours. 3 The girl was very tired because she (work) very hard. 4 He (not feel) very well so his mother took him to see a doctor. 5 The dog - was breathless because it
1

(run). 6 I was injured after I

(do) Karate for

(dance) for

about a year. 7 We were tired because we

hours. 8 1 went to England after I English for three months.

(study)

Issue four Part two

37

Warm-up !
1 Lo& a1 Ihe piclures, W h a l da you think is

Vocabulary
4 Work in pairs. How many of these words do

happening?

you know?
burgIe
murder kidnapper rob steal

kidnap mugger thdt

murderer

robber

murder
mugging burglary

w ~ ~ i % thief

robbery
5
correct

burglar mllg

Copy the tablc and put the words in the column.

Reading
These stories are from a book called Criminal R~cords. Read the texts quickly. Match the pictures above Lo the texts.

i2

HOPELESS
.

,-

-- -

6 Complete there sentences with a ward from the table.

0 Two old ladies were walking

in a Hamburg cemetery when a thief grabbed their suitcase. He mn away, unaware that he had stolen a dead cat! Later, the Iadiw explained that at the time of the incident they were on the way to bury their pet. They were convinced that the authorities would not I d them, and they bad decided to bury it after dark

E v e m n g was going smooihly

Raymond Budes tried to rob a RI bank. He pointed a gun a t the cashier and told him to hand over the money. Burla esscnoped 4,(100into a canvas bag and zipped it up.Thm he backed to the door ordering everyone to freeze.To his surprise no one took any notice the staff and customers all jumped on him and pinned him tothe floor. It was at this point that Bud6 realized that he had put his gun in the bag along with the money.

1 1

is a person who steals, especially secrelly and without violence. 2Ais persoh who enlers a building illegally especially by farce, in order to steal. 3 A is a person who has t a k a someone away by force and is demanding money from herhis family, employers or government. 4Ais a person who steals money or property-from a bank, shop, train, etc. Often shehe uses force. 5 A is a person who attacks and robs sameone violently, usually in the street. 6 A is a person who deliberately and unlawfully kills another human being.
1 A-

3 Read the texts again and answer these

questions.

Do you think the first thief was surprised when he opened the suitcase? Why/Why not? 2 Why was Qurles arrested so easily?
1

38

Issue four Part three

Improve your writing ..................................................................

Writing a story a Various past tense forms are used. The past progressive is used to set the scene
Example Two old ladies were walking in a cemetery. The simple past rs used for the main events rn the story. Example Later, the women explained ... The past perfect is used to show that an event occurred before another event in the past Example He rea/ized that he had zipped u p his gun in
the bag.

(8) (9)

thief ( 1 01 (1 13
(1 2)

(13)

(step) through the door, everybody (be) about to act, when another (run) out of a doorway and (snatch) the box. The lone thief (disappear) before anybody (move).

Writing
8 Work in pairs. Look at these pictures. They

illustrate three more of the stories in C~.iminal Records. Put the three stories in order and decide how to tell them using past tense forms, before writing the stories individually

II

b The use of words like when, then, ufter and later helps to make the sequence of events
clear

When and whrle are used when one action happens at the same time as mother or when an action occurs during a longer one. Example When/While they were walking in the cemetery, a t h ~ estole f their bag.
When IS also used when one action follows another. Example When she pressed the button, rhe lift stopped.

d After is often followed by a perfect tense.

Examples 1'11 see him after you've finished. I saw him after he had finished.

Practice
7 Complete this true story with the appropriate past tense Form of the verbs in brackets.
Crime busters In July 1985, four West London criminals (1 1 {make) plans to rob the manager of a laundry a s he (2) (leave) the bank with a box full of staff wages. However, someone (3) I tell) the police before the robbery and the police (4) (make) plans to catch the thieves.

The day of the robbery (5) (come). The laundry manager (6) (collect) an empty box while the police and the robbers (7) (wait) outside the bank. As he

Self check
9 Work in pairs. Look at your partner's stories. Is the sequence of events clear? How could it be improved? Share your ideas.
Issue four Part three

i i

39

Topic
luua
Winning at all costs

Grammar
The passive
I

Function

Have som&g

done lcausative f o r d

CompIaints and apologies

Fun places

Songbook: Bigyellow tari

Fist impressions
sweet dreams

comparisons

with a change o f meaning

Grammar review Issues 7 md 8; %arrmar pra&ce Wwid/s8ould/m&hc fiavel Second and third conditionals

~ W pmnorsis C
I]eRalng- and m-defmingrehiveclausw

. , .

r<
I,
I

.,

mar practic~

Future @ct

&a&ng t o sarm&hg new

Adayin thelifeaf ...

108

Songbook: Racket man

Grammar review
Issues 3 and 4
Future with will
Form Going to usually refers to the near future. Will can refer either t o the near or distant future. 3 We use will to talk about what we think or believe will happen. We may have no evidence. Example 1 think people will become happier in the future. We use going to balk about something in the future which we can see will happen as a result of something in the present. Example His brakes have failed! He's going to crash!
2

w i l l * infinitive
Short forms: I'll (= I will) I won't (= I will not)

Examples I think Brazil will win the next World Cup. Women will become more equal. 2 After verbs and expressions I hope I'llget the job. like be afraid,be/feel sure, I h sure she'll pass. believe, doubt, expect, hope and think, to talk about our hopes and expectations about the future.

Uses 1 To predict future events.

Future progressive
Forn
will + be + -ing
Uses I To express an action which starts before a definite future time and probably continues after it.
2T o talk about future events

Future with going f o

Form present progressive o f go t to t infinitive

Examples This time next month I'll be travelling to France.

Uses 1 To express the speaker's intention to do something.

2 To make future predictions

where the speaker has w idence that something will happen. I t can be used without time expressions but the use of going to suggests the action is expected to happen in the near future.

Examples I ' m going to meet Tom. What are you going to do when you grow up? Look at those black clouds. It's going to rain.

o r actions that are already decided. 3 To talk about something that is not planned, but: will happen because it is part of a routine.

1'11 be working in my father's shop his summec

I'II be seeing Mary

tomorrow at school.

Past perfect
Form

had + past participle Short forms: 'd (= had) hadn't (=had not1
Examples

Going to or will?
1

Going to implies an intention and a plan.

Example I ' mgoing to take an exam next week.

will + infinitive implies intention only Often the action is decided at the moment of speaking. Examples 'What do you want to drink?' 'I'II have applejuice, please.'

Uses t To refer back to an earlier past action or event when we are already tallung about the past. Often we use links like when, after,
as soon as ...

Alan lived in Londan when I first met him. His family had moved there twoyears
before. We went to bed as soon as our visitors had left.

2 The past perfect i s the past equivalent of the

present perfect.

(Present) Joan is worried because she has never taken an oral exam before. (Past) loan was worried because she had never taken an oral exam before.

40

Grammar review

Past perfect progressive

hrm
W e

had been -ing

+

Example He put the model on the watr.(3) A man built a model of the Tit.anic.(l)
He took it to a lake.(2)

The past perfect progressive is the past Form of the present perfect progressive.
E"ses

rTotalkaboutsomething that was in progress up to the past time we are thinking about.
2 To show that an action was frequently repeated, before a past time we are

Examples 5hewasverytired.She had been practising karate all day

The model sank.(4) After the man had built a model of the Titanic, he took it to a lake. After he had put it on the water, it sank.
He ran away. The thief grabbed a handbag. He opened it and Found it was empty He reached a safe place, 2 He stood up and found he was in the police station. A robber dug a tunnel under a bank. He came up through the floor. He decided to steal some money 3 He found he was in a different prison. The lorry took him out of prison. A prisoner hid in a lorry. He opened the door.
1

He had been annoying her

for months.

thinking about.

Past perfect o r past perfect progressive?

r When I got home, I discovered she had pairr h d the door.
Here, the painting was definitely finished.
2

When I got home, 1 discovered she had been painting the door. Here, she may not have finished the job, andlor the paint was still wet.

1 Complete the sentences using will or going to and the verb in brackets.

Examples

'Why are you standing here?' 'I'm going to b y (buy) some tickets for the match.'
'Oh no! I've Corgottn to post my letter?' 'Don't worry - I'll post (post) it for you.'
1 Good morning, young man.Welcome to Woodford

Grammar practice
1 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of going to and a verb from the list.

High School. I (be) with you in a minute. children (fall) off their bikes. (visit) Sarah in 3 My father has decided that we New York next summer. 4 What the world (be) like in two hundred
2 Look! Those

years' time?
5 'How are you getting home?' '1 (take) the number 57 bus as usual.'

study visit stop clean wear travel cook use

1 Next summer, I my uncle in Sydney. 2 The sky's clearing. I think it raining, 3 What YOU to the party? 4

'1 (come) with you. I t stops near my house.' 'How do you work this computer?' 'It's easy. 1 Ishow) you.' 7 That child doesn't look very well. He looks as i f he (be) sick.
6

It" my mother's birthday so we the dinner. 5 M y cousin to be a doctor. 6 How they to America? B y boat? Imy dad's car because it's dirty. 8 He's aerosols to paint a mural on the school wall.
2 Decide on the order in which these things happened. Then write two sentences using after and the past perfect.

2 Complete the dialogue with the simple past or past perfect form of the verb in brackets.
A Where did you go last night?

(go) to a charity film show A(be) it good? B Yes, except the film (start) before I (arrive).

1-

Grammar practice

41

A my? B Well, it (take) me an hour to get there on the bus. B y the time I (get) there all Lhe stars (go) in, so I (not get) any autographs. 1 (be) very disappointed. How about you? YOU (enjoy) your evening? A No! l (spend) the evening doing my homework. -1 (not finish) when nly sister (come) home from her party at midnight. It's not fair!

5 Choose the more appropriate form, past perfect or past perfect progressive, then rewrite [he sentences.
1

I had been waitinghad waited for Five hours when he

telephoned. 2 When I got there he had been plankinghad planted two

3 Complete the sentences with the future progressive

Form of the verb i n brackets.

hundred trees. 3 The kitchen was a mess because the boys had been cookinghad cooked. 4 Sally had been practisinghad practised karate for two years when she was attacked. 5 The streets were very wet because it had been raininghad rained. 6 The boys had been doinghad done their homework by the time I arrived.

Example The train will be arriving (arrive) soon.

(study) for her exam. 2When you (move) house? 3 -1 (see) her tomorrow. Do you want me to take anything? 4 -1 (not visit) her again in the near future. 5 W ~ Y Y ~ U (work) all day on Sunday? 6 He (take) his exam some time next week. 7 This time next week I (lie) on a beach. 9 1(write) to his teacher.
1 Don't call her tonighh

she

1 What will life be like Fifty years from now? Will, children have to go Lo school, or will they be taught by computer? Will people still use cars?
Write about fifty words on your personal predictions for the future.

2 Look a t the pictures and complete the story. Make sure that you use the past perfect, past progressive and
simple past tenses.

Write a sentence about each situation using the past perfect progressive.

Example When mum went upstairs to my room ir was full of smoke. (we/srnoke) We had been smoking.
1 got home from school with my face Full of bruises.

(IJplayJrugby with my friends)

Tom likes reading in bed, and yesterday he fell asleep in class. (He/read/bed/lill late) Whim the teacher asked Mary a question she couldn't answer. (SheJnot/lisLen) Alex was very red when he sot home horn the beach. (He/sleep/in the sun)
Now write your own sentences to explain what had
been happening in each situation.

i !

When I walked in the room t saw Grandpa asleep in his chair. The television was still on. The boys were sitting by the pool. They looked wet. The girls in the team looked very tired when they came home from the match. 8 The people at the bus-stop looked very happy when the bus finally came.

Jean Norman was an unemploved teenager. it was summer. The sun was shining and evecwne was having a good time except for Jean because she had no rnonev Then...

42

Grammar practice

Streetwise
1 Smoking

IE

IMP-

0b.k
LUNG-

wrAsum!i!?!J>ky

What do you think is

Dear Diary

Why do people

u
Warm-up
Smoking kilIs, but a lot of young people still start smoking before they are sixteen.

Reading

E i

2 Read this extract from the book Diary of a teenage health freak. What reasons does it give for young people smoking? Are they different from your ideas i n the Warm-up?

I I

1 Why do you think young people smoke? Share yaur ideas with the class and make a list on the board.

3 Read the text again and answer these questions.

1 What are the disadvantages of smoking according to the text? 2 Why doesn't Ann stop smoking now? 3 When is a cigarette helpful to Dave? 4 What did the writer's classmates find Funny?

My first fag nearly kills me

I was just gning home after school, when I saw some of my classmates smoking. Before I could open my mouth, they cornered me,

'

blowingsmokeinmyfaceandhting:
'It

kills 50,000 people a year.'

i:
i

'It doesn't only damage your own health, but the health o f those around you.' 'Each cigarette knocks five minutes off your life.'
'It's just like kissing an ashtray.'

:
;

' they still smoked, but they were happy

1 couldn't see why, if they knew all this,

to

Glossary

fag: cigarette
(infomall

impress: make someone f e d admiration and

* @

talk about why, Ann said that she started when she was thirteen. Her older sister was going out with . a heavy smoker. One night their parents were out and her sister and boyfriend had said jokingly, 'Would you like a cigarette?'. She'd said OK, because she d i d n ' t want to look stupid. Smoking made her feel dizzy and hurt the back of her throat, but she carried on to impress her sister and her boyfriend. Now she bought her fags from the corner shop, or got them from her hends. She didn't think there was any point i n her giving up, as her mum and dad smoked and her health was still i n danger because she was breathing i n their smoke anyway. She also said she thought smoking made her look sexy.

Dave said he enjoyed smoking and thought it made him look big and hard. He started smoking when he and his cousin bought some cigarettes and hied them down by the river. At first he only smoked at parties and discos. Later he found a cigarette helped after arguments with his mum. At the end they insisted on me having one, so that I knew what I was missing. They suggested that there was something wrong with me if I didn't smoke. I had a puff, which didn't feel too bad, though it made me want to cough. I took two or three really deep breaths. I started coughing, my eyes watered and T nearly fainted. When I began to look as if I was about t~ throw up, my classmates, who thought i t was very funny, left. On the way home I stopped to buy some chewing-gum to cover up the smell. Got home, cleaned my teeth and held my breath when mum kissed me goodnight.

Practice
4 Watch four of thew expressions to the definitions.
feel dizzy &row up faint
t

6 Report what Peter's classmates chanted at him.

cough make your eyes water hurt the back of your throat

Example ' I t kills 50,000people a year.'

Thgv said that it killed 50,000 people a year.

7 Look at this reported conversation. Underline all the examples of reported speech. Rewrite the conversation in direct speech.

send the food in your stomach through your mouth; get sick 9 send air through vour throat with a sudden
loud noise
3 to lase consciousness r feel as if evervthing is spinning round

and you

might fall
these

Now give examples of other things that cause ph-wical effects.

T~rnin~ round g and round makesyou feel dizzy

Pete said that he was waiting to see Titanic. Angie said that she had seen it twice. She said that she thought Leonardo Di Caprio was gorgeous. Pete said that he didn? like Leonardo Di Caprio. He said that he had only come to see Kate Winslett. Angie told him that she was sure he would enjoy the Film.

Example
5 Choose the correct phrase to complete the sentenctrs.
1

Listening I H
8 Work in pairs. Read this statement and discuss

the questions.
I know smoking's dangerous but i'm only harming mysell:
Do you think the person is being reasonable? Where is smoking banned in your country? Why?

A h e a w s~no ker smakes a lot/doesn 2 smoke

much.' 2 A corner shop is a small local shop/a large supermarket. 3 'I had a puff' means he smoked a whole cigarette/trieda cigarette. a 'Hold your breath' means stop breathing/ breathe deeplv.

NOWlisten to the interview and decide if the statements are true or false. Make sure you understand these words and expressions before you listen.

Cimprove your grammar nicotine , ... '"'~"...."'~'.............*....**...................-........-....

Tense changes in reported speech

lungcancer cigarette butt

pregnant

ashtray

These are the main tense changes that take place from direct to reported speech. Direct speech Reported speech 'I don't smoke,' I He said that he

1 Cherie Piper is two years old. 2 Her parents gave her cigarettes.

he sald.
'He's smoking,' + she said. 'I have never smoked,'-+ he explained. 'She's been waiting 4 for ages,' she said.

didn't smoke.
She said thot he was smoking. He explained that he

3 Her mum didn't smoke when she was pregnant. 4 Dr Adams does not believe that you can be a nicotine addict at birth. 5 Cigarette smoke causes lung cancer but only

in smokers.
6 Non-smokers can take in almost a cigarette
a day

had never smoked. She soid that she had been waiting for uses. + She said that she She said, 'I bought the cigarettes.' had bought the cigarettes. He said, 'I will be in + He said that he would be in London on London on Monday.' Monday.
[

Talking point
9 Work in small groups. Discuss these questions.

think adults encourage young people to smoke? If so. how? 2 Do you think we should discourage young people from smoking? If so, how would you do it?
1 Do you

b Some expressions of time and place change from direct to reported speech. See page 58.

Share your conclusions with the class.

Issue fne Part one

45

Coping with adults

Warm-up
1 Make a list of three of the

problems you have most frequently with your parents. Share your list with the class. Which problem is
the rrlost commorl?

Advice

Reading EZi
2 Jane has written to Advice Specialabout a problem she has wilh her parents. Read Jane's letter and the comments from Advice Special to find:
1 the age that Jane started to

- Dear A d v i r ~ Special, fie problears with my parefie stwed when I was sixteen. I w a n d a Saturday jab but my p a r e m ordered me to s m y at b m e and study br my e m . Whenever I winred OUL thar all my Friends had Satuday jpba thw always ~ p l i MW , don't care what they do,it's yuu we're WtrCd abbut.' made h e m angry that I did whatever I could t o p w w k them 1 dyed my hdr white blonde anticwered my face i n make-up before t w e n t rn sehdd. Of course. chis didnJt help. It 5 a rule that in the evening I was only allawed out once d u d q [he week and m Saturday cjll 1 0 p.m. Ewry dme I wenc auc. my paren= asked me who I w s going aur with m d where wew wing, I t never crossed wy mjnd chac.lhey Were probably [urt worried

have problems. 2 the reason she dyed her hair

blonde. what Jane's parents wanted to know before she went wt. 4 what Jane was worried about during the party 5 what Jane did when she decided to break all her
3

parents' rules.
6 the reason she took a taxi to

her sister's house.

7 a piece of advice for someone like Jane.

Pronunciation

l ntonation 3 Look at this dialogue. Work with a partner and decide

how to read it aloud.

abour me. Qnc$ I asked m QO- to a paay & ' I a Saturday iliiht. T h y agreed, but hn condition that W c a m to pick me up a t 1Q p.m. I argued atid argued &out it but In the end I had to agree. I knew I was going to be really ernbanas& when mykthw came c6 pick me up, so I spent the whole party wmying 1 didn'2 speak t o my parents For d - l ~day5 e aker that. My mother rW m explain how they both Felt. but I didn't want ul kcen. It was t h g rhat: I decided m b m k all thetr rules. 59 instead of mming horht at 1 0 p.m.. I wjuid a w e barkar.l l 3 9 p.m. and then mFu* to tell r k m whew I had &en. I hoped they would decide I ms old enough EO Eok after myself. and teak me alone. b m r . the argurnenrs just p t worse and worse, and finally, one Saturday night I didn't came home till 2 a.m My Father wanted to know why I was 50 late. I refused t o tell him We had a big aqurnent which e~lded with me getting P taxi to my srsw's hause. What went wrong?

lane

I I i
j
:

A I'm going to the disco. B Who are you goihg with? A My friend Pete. B Well, don't be late!
Now listen to the version on the tape, and compare your own. Was it the same or
different? Now repeat the dialogue.

lane tried to solve her problem in the wrong way. Instead of t y l n g to show her parents that she was more adult by reasoning with them. she chose to ignore all their rules. This Iust msde her parens v e r y stria. If you are having problems with your parenB. try ralking thlngs over with them, Tell them what you th/nk but be prepared to listen to them as w l l ! &member that your paren& lwe you and they only want whatk best f i r you.

Practice

4 Fmd words and expressions in the text that @ i n with the letters in brackets and mean:
1 20

5 Change the folIowing into reported speech.

2
3
4

make someone angry by doing something thev don't like (p ...) to colour sornetliing by putting it in a liquid Id...I feel ashamed (e ...1 talking to someone and discussing something i n a sensible way Ir ...) pav no attention to (i ...) not allowing people to break rules ( s...I

Example 'Doyou like pizza?' Pete asked me.. . Pete asked me if 1liked pizza.
me... 2 'Where have you been?'
1

'Have you done your homework?' Mum asked

I #Liprove your grammar *......................--............................................

leported questions
1 The most common verbs for reporting questions are ask,want to know and, more formally, mqrrlre. We report yeslno questions with if or whether, and wh- questlons with question words. Examples Direct speech Reported speech 'Can I go?' I osked if I could go.. 'Why are you so late?' He wanted to know why I was so late.

My father wanted to know... 3 'What marks did you get in the test?' Mum and dad asked us.. . 4 'What time will you be home?' Pete's mother asked ... 6 'Is Mary iII?' The teacher inquired ... 6 'How much pocket money doyw get?' My friend asked me... 7 'Where have you been?' Dad wanted to know... 8 'Are you studying?' Dad often asks me ...

Getting Streetwise! M
Refusing off ers/persuasion
6 Look at the picture. What do you think the people are saying?

Reporting verbs for statements

The most common reporting verbs for statements are say and tell. Example Direct speech Reported speech 'I collect badges.' He said that he col/ected badges. He told me that he collected badges.
We often use other verbs when we want to give a more exaa idea of why or how someone said something, especially for reporting commands and imperatives {see page 591. Examples Direct speech Reported spesch 'Stay at home and study My parents ordered for your exams!' me to stay ot home

7 Listen to the tape and tick the expressions that Pete used to refuse an offer.
No, thanks.

No, Lhanks, not reaIly I'd rather not. I'd prefer not to .. . I don't feel like ... 1 really don't want a .. I'm not in the mood far .,. Now listen again and write down some of the expressions lhat Darren and Sandra used to persuade Pete.
8 Imagine Lhat you are Pete. Write a version of the dialogue with a different ending, where you manage to avoid the ride. 9 Work in pairs. Wrike a conversation in which you try to persuade someone to do something they do not want to. For example, persuade them to go to a disco when their parents do not want them to stay out Iate. Practise reading the dialogue, and act it out for the class.

and study for my

exams.
'You must give us your friend's telephone
They insisted I gave

them my friend's
telephone number.

number.'

lasue fm Part two

47

i
i

1 A diary is a journal or record

of events, Work i n small

groups, and answer these

questions.
1 Do you keep a diary?

Why/Why not?
2 What would be the

advantages and dxsadvantages of keeping a diary i n English? Share your ideas with the class.

Reading
2 Read the diary extracts. Which extract i s by:

-Y#

26

-3

1 ( U O pm.

I a girl who had a boyfriend

called Sam?
2

someone who is fifteen?

3 someone who lives with his

mother and sister?

4 someone who's gat an exam?

5 t a d in y of tt. ~ a l d back that beards w e us h c w a d upa, in Para n thr FMeenth mhiry because i t u F e l tk y vnpl lxk like wolwes,

3 Read the extracts again and

find:
I examples of differentwap
2 examples where the writer

'

of writing " the date.

has left out the words '1' and 'WeJ< 3 examples where the writer has left out a verb.

F = l , pmaral, d i . 1 1 spm. U@ a t ihe s p at ry m&& kg. 1 ven/ mrch nred to talk +a m , t o be m p k t a l y k d . 7- m k W9 ' rmted ~ l hi r o a mul c a l h h map, uh ~ l o u* k a limp. w Imradlaidy k t ~ darted a ~ ntm t 5- AI& gx F* 9 my f u t k w m+ ...

*-+

IMP
MW~.E a/rd

-r h&k
H when
yak-

~ 4 4 i f l for j

W-

I hELd a reel/~ pr&+i~l mrnlg -& +' figed w , I p.m. 1h a d 40 she40 lwrh with & w s , ' l b e i lrll '
dj&
f&,

w-5 arL
-

#&y

&kt

w h to +/-,,E b~w/;ng d
$ ~ j /a ~ n d f -cY~&.

~ a#& y

4 and
on

Sam w;+h his new f i r i f r i d - So O Y W

&opped a ball

his , .

f&! & ,

j 0 -//kc

Improve your writing the diary entries with the prepositions betow. -*..................... ......*.."....*.-..~....-*......""*.*.*...*....
writing a diary

5 Here are some extracts from diaries. Complete

In some cases you can use more than one preposition.

Dianes are personal documents. Often they are written In the first person (I ...). Sometimes we delete the subject.

for

about

in

after

at

since

on

during
i Saw Alice
2

Example Went to the bowling alley.

I
,

Sometimes we even leave out verbs. Example Angry with Mum. (= I was angry with Mum.)

3
4

1 b We sometimes use abbreviations as well.

Example Sow C. today. She mokes me so angry!
C We can report what people say, using direct or

5
6

reported speech.

7
8

d To make diaries interesting, we need to make sure that we use a range of adjectives.

today. I hadn't seen her Tuesday. I'm going to Brussels Tuesday. Nobody Lelephoned me the whole weekend. What's happened to all my friends? Took my dog for a walk. that I went to see John. The Post Office is stiIl on strike. I haven't had any letters weeks. l left ten o'clock. I stayed at home all afternoon. the evening we went out. Uncle Sam came lunch.

II
I

We also need to make sure that the sequence of events is clear. The use of expressions like while, before, offer, until, etc. helps us to do this. Until I= up to the time when) I was in schoo/ uni3I seven last night.

Now compare your answers with a partner. If you have different answers, decide if both are correct. Discuss how the meaning is changed by different answers.

Writing
6 Look at ihe situations in the pictures. How do you think the people felt in these situations? These adjectives may help. upset excited jealous
uncertain suspicious

I
I

f The correct use of prepositions of time also helps to make a diary entry dear.
Example
Haven't seen A. since last week.

-_ =: _. -. _.
d .

IK
Y

Practice
4 Choose the correct time expression, then rewrite the sentences.

worried

Example I decided not to go to see her untiI/when she apologized. 1 decided not to go In see her until she apologized.

Havedyouever been in a similar situation? When? What happened? How did you Feel a1 [he time? How do you feel about it now? Make notes and share your ideas with the class.

I fell off my bicycle while/untilI was riding to school. 2 They waited untiI/when we had arrived before/untilthey began. 3 As soon as/While I walked into the room I knew she was his sister. 4 When/ While he left school he went to
university. 5 He came in as/before I was having my dinner. 6 1 knew him when/until I was learning French.

7 Follow the Improve your writing gwidelines and write a diary entry for a real or imaginary d a y in your life. Plan your entry and make sure that you describe your feelings.

Be
48

Self check
8 Exchange diary entries with a

partner. Discuss these questions.

I
2

Did your pafiner use any adjectives? Are there any you can add? Can you replace any of the adjectives with more interesting ones?

lasue five Part three

Reading
h article about drugs in sport
J

Listening
An interview about housewives and athletes

Writing

speaking
Discussing drugs in sport
and society

An article about the history

of hair

People complaining
D i s d n g funfair rid=

A letter to a pen friend

An account of s real or imagiriary

family trip

Apmndaccountofarnoral

Arrportonwdciugcbiben

Dkwbpod-

d5fennna
An &-tide abut rich people

who dmttwantmonely

W-fW-

to^^^ s

A personal account of a

A description o f a dav m

New Streetwise songbook

Father and son

Father (Chorus1 (1 to make a change, just relax, take it easy, You're still young, that's your fault, There'sso much you have to know. Find a girl, (2) , Ifyouwantyrrucmnaq. Look at me, (3)

Son
,when I do he turns away again. It% always been the same, same old s t 0 9
(5)

F r o m the moment I could talk (6) Now there's a way and I know that I have f o

IknmIhqehgo.
Sm

go a w v

I was once like you are now, and (4) To be calm when you've found something

going on. But take your time, think a lot, why, w o f e v w g you've got. For you will still be here tomorrow, but your dreams may not.
1 This sang is a conversation between a father and his son. Look at these phrases from the song.Which phrases do you think are said by the father and which by the son? Why?

AII the times that I cried, (7)

It's hard, but it's harder to ignore it If they were right, I'd agree,hut it$ them you know not me a way Now I know I have to go.
E Fa the gaps in the song with the phrases. 3 Listen and check yaur answers.
4 Answer these questions individually before sharing your answers with the class.

settle down Haw can I try to explain It's not time I know that it's not easy I'm old but I'm happy I was ordered to listen I know that I have to go away keeping all the things I knew inside

think the son wants to do? What does his father want him to do? 2 W h o doyou think is right? 3 Haw you ever had a conversation like this with an aduIt?
-I What do you

a s a n a k n *

How often do you look in a mirror? Do you like what you see?

the price of progress too high?

I Teenage problem.
teenagers in your town?

b7

3 IThe r-ealyou.
2 kt the quethns in the questionnaire into the@ categories:

I1
!

Read this New SWM& questionnaire and complete it individdy

1 Questions a b u t your persmality.

2

Questbns about y ~ u physical r appearancece, Questions abqut your relationships with other paple.

Which questions did y o ~find l most difficult to anwer? W h y

Are bou bapQ9 being you?

.

There are timer when each and every one of ur looks in the mirror and w i s h that somebody completely differentwas staring back But what about the rest of the time? Do our quiz and find out Ifyou're happy being you!

wt*~ -7
l a 0 b 5 c 10 2 Smre one pint for every letter you didn't tick. 3 a 5 b10 c 8 l a 5 b O c10 1 5 a 10 b 5 6 1 5 b10 c[3

z
i

If someone criticizer you, do you usually: a feel very sorry for yoursdf! b listen to what they're saying before you reply? c start defending yourself?

When you are with a gmup of people, how would you describe yourself! a The leader of the pack? b One of the crowd? c The odd one out!
Ifyou were feeling d e p r e d , would you: a talk to meo one about it? b go and take some exercise? c sit around and feel miserable?

c90

2
i
E

which parts of you would you change if you had a chance? a nose g tummy
b mouth c W d ears
e teeih

f skin

h i j k I

bottom legs height

chesthut
feet

@ if a member of the opposite sm

i

............... ".......
Glossary

. . ......

asked you out, would you be: a surprised, but p l e a d and flattered? b Not surprised at all? After all, you are the best IaoUng petson in the school! c absolutely amazed that they should choose you?

--

~ r n , p u m i t Cu ~ ~ m e is?h i haw a wry iw m i o n ~ i ~ ~ ~ i f ~ d s m, ]rnY sped youp whds lift? M gu n k m BatQ &u Qf F u r of luwing = la# Meds mjoylng king with them. Take @w1difiW~&&f W wd mything mu1 w wIII ~ ~ huh & i abwt y o u d and r e a l h tAivt yw ran? be the m t m u f a#tenth lb wLIe W. That

...

rnakjropaw~&kimdhhm
a m & k t t wnsry about y w appmm. Phbdy'5 p e m l !
You are self-confident and haw a high regard for purssltbu aim like to be at the centre of things atd have lob of friends. Be a r e f u l about becoming too big-headed though. If you do, you'll regret it!

refIection:ima& ofsamethingin a m i m , glass o r water

briwiank v&y
clever

i
!

@ What quality do you look for in a

best Mend? a A sense of humour! b Someone you can tell your troubles to? c Someone who thinks you are

1 partoftbegroup !, .....................,............
one of the

crowd:

brilliant?

'

: - -P

one

d ,n - '

3 Complete the definitions with the words and

-pressinns below.
feel depressed flattered envious criticize big-headed have a sense of humour

4 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets: simple present, simple past, will/won2, wouldln 't).
1 If1
(see)

Michael, 1'11 tell him about the

t h r centre of attention
t

E f tVou are feel good.

,you are pIeased and made ta

someone, you point out the things that are wrong with them. 3 li!.ou ,you are able to laugh at things. 4 li iou are ,you amact everyone's interest and are very popular. :If\-ou ,yauaresadandwithout

2 If

Which part of your body would you change, iC you (have) a chance? If someone (shout) at you, do you cry? What you (do) if you have no homework this weekend? If y o u (be) the president of your country what would you do? H e always (get) nervous when he talks
to girls. I'd see him more often, if he (nor be) so big-headed. If I were you, I (speak) to him n o w

par@

enthusiasm. a If vou are ,you think you are very clever d a i know everything, r I i vou are ,you want something that

hrlongs to another person.

.,..........~..,,....................*........,....+. Conditionals a Look a t these three constructions with if,
..
,...,,....

Talking point
5 What do you look for in, a good friend? Choose t h e two most important qualities. Here are some ideas to help you.

your grammar

If + a present tense + a present tense {General conditional)

If someone criticizes me, I usually feel very sorry for m yse/f. Exampie

If + simple present + future with will ('10 (1st conditional) Example !f you do, YOU'\/ regret it. /f + simple past + would ('d) (2nd condltlonal) Example If 1 were depressed, / would ta/k about it.

I look for someone: with a sense of humour. with an attractive appearance. with the same hobbiesfinterests as me, who is a similar age. who will help when I ' m in trouble. who won't say bad things about me. who likes the things 1 like. who has the same taste in clothes/music.

Which of these constructlms do we use if we think: something is likely t o happen? something is unlikely to happen or is
impossible? something Is usually true?

Complete these sentences about you. If I (become) a top model, I (make)a lot of money. lf I (study) harder, I [do) better in my exams.

Which constructions did you use?Why?

!

6 Work in small groups. Discuss your ideas. Agree on the three most important qualities.

Issue six Part one

53

1 i

1 Is the quality of life getting hwer OF worse hyuur

I
--

UNACCEPTABLE COSTS

cwney? m y ?

II

';

'1 think the y,,,,,J , , ,,,, IS going up, Look at all the new shopping centres:

'I think the quality of lifers going dawn. We can hardly breathe became of all the cars i on the mad! C

2 Read both sides of the argument about ec~nornic p w t h and dw~bpment and answer the questions.

3 Find words and expressions in the artides that begin with the Ietters in brackets and mean:
1 bad, not hopeful (b,..) 2 seem likely to do something unpleasant (t...)

3 groups of people living together I c . . ) 4 very s*, foolish Cr...) 5 expensive and enjoyable things that you don't really need (1.. . i .
6

hurt or damage (h...I

.>

The suffix -a1 means ' o f or 'concerning', and can he added to nouns to form adjectives.
Example environment In) - environmental (adjE

3 Life in cities will get worse as long a s l u d e s s more and more people come ta live in already crowded areas. 4 Provided that/Unless we do some thing the

When a word ends in -y there may be a

spelling change.

situation will improve. 5 As Iong as/Unlesswe try. irnprove.

thin^ will not

Example
ecolo9~ (n) - ecological (adj)
Form new words which end with the -a1 suffix. history educatinn

6 Providing tha t/Unless ive stop people buying cars, Lhe LraMic will gel worse. 7 We will continue building niore hotels
8 Nobody will

biology music
tradition

economy

unless/as long as the tourists keep coming. do an-ything about the environment un less/provided that people

nation

development philosophy technology

complain.

Getting SXreeBwise! M
6 Look at these expressions. They can all be used to express disagreement. Which ones do you think would bc considered impolite? Which ones do you thmk are the most polite?

Expressing disagreement \qmprove your grammar ......................................................................

Conditionals with unless Unless + positive = if + negative bample Unless youstop soon ... (= If y ~ don'tstop u soon ...) Conditionals with us long aslproviding

Rubbish! I don't think that's really true.

Nonsense! It's not true! I'm mnot sure that 1 agree with that. You must be joking! 7 Listen and match the speakers to the extracts.

thatlprovided that
us long as providing tho t
I

(= on condition that)

provrded that
Examples You can ride my bicycle as long as you ride it carefully. Providing (that)she studies hard, she should pass.
All these expressions are more emphatic than if, They mean IT, bur only if ...

1 II
1

Extract 1
Extract 2 Extract 3 Extract 4

Politician and heckler Boy and girlfriend ~ e i c h eand r boy Mother and child

..................................
j Glossary

Listen again and decide which of the expr~ssions were inappropriate. What could yau say instead? How would you make the intonation a s polite as pos~ibie?

heckler: somronp

Practice
5 Choose the correct word or expression and rewrite the senttlnces.
8 Work in small groups. Discuss these statements. \Vhich do you agree/disagree
with? Why?
1 Economic growth is a sood thing. 2 The world is a better place because of growth and development. 3 The motor car was a Lerrtble invenlion. 4 Inventions, such as the computer, have made the world a better place. 5 Small cammunitjes arc better than big ciiics.

Example The traffic situation will improve unless/provided that we build an

underground train system.

The trafficsit ual ion will improve provided that

we build an underground train svstem.
1

Pr.ovidiq/Unless we look after the environment, the world cou Id end. I think the government will win the next election provid.ing/unless the economy gets
worse.

Issue sk Part two

55

What do young pmple in

your area do in their free time? D o they:

ga,to the cinema? meet friends at fast food
1 C~\UUI d l b ?

go to concerts?
r

hang around street corners because they have n o t h i q to drr? do a lot of sport? stay a t home and watch

TV?
j
j

Do young people h m enough t o do? Why/why not?

Repon on the problems of vouna peonle in Whitton

rot taking drugs. Furhermore,a lot of the rubbish is I& hy w p l e who #This reportlooks at'the problemsof come and watch hatball. They young people in W h b n in order to meet outside because they have suggest a sblutlon. In recent weeks nowhere else to go. I I young people have been meeting - -at night in the football field in front of the primary ~chaol. This has led It is a fact that teenagers In Whitton to lots of complaints from 1have nawhere to go in the evening. midents. I spoks to the teenagers There are nu cinemas or Gafes in and some local residents in wder the village. They are not allowed in t o write this report. the pubs and the last bus to A C and from the nearest town is at , seEn o'clock at night. Unlms their According to the rasidents they parents drim them, the teenagers have been disturbed by the sound cannot go out in the ew!ing. of loud music, people talking and the noise from motorcycles. They claimed that some of the In conclusion, there Is no dmbt teenagers were taking drugs. They there is a problem because of the were alm unhappy because of poor facilities. However, the the rubblsh the teenagers were problem will not go away If the leaving on the field. They want the teenagers are stopped from teenagers b stop using the fietd. meeting on the field, they will go samewhere else. I would recommend alIowing the teenagers The teenagers felt that the problem to start a club in the school hall. was not as serious as the residents This will mean less noise for claimed. They agreed that they everyone. made a little noise hut they were

--

j her village.

i asked to write a repod on the I problems far young people tn

A New Streetwise reader was

2 Rmd the report quickly and put the headings in the gap.

-I

The teenagers' view Facilities fur young people

The residents' view Intmduction Conclusian

@.

i: 3 Read the r q w t again a d

answer these questions,
What isthepurposeofthe report? 2 What is the problem for the young people? j 3 What is'the problem for the i people in the houses near the i football field? i 4 What is the report writer's recommendation?
1

j j

-n

6mprova . . . ..your..writing .. . ..... .. . ... . .. . .... ...

, ..

. .

..

.. .

. .

.. ..

5 Here are some more possible solutions. Use [he expressions -in$ to make recommendations.
Example 'Stop the teenagers from going out after ten o'clock.' 1 would reco~nrnendstopping thc teenagers from goir~g 0111 after t r n o'clock.
1

Sting a report
Start your report with a clear factual heading.

11
I
I

I
i

Report on pollution in Carwcas Example b Start w ~ t h an introduction. Here are some useful expressions, The arm of this report ... The purpose af this report ... Jhrs report looks at .
C Say how you got the ~nforrnation.

'Start an evening bus service.'

I would sugges~

[
i ;

2 'Open a judo club.' I woutd secmnmend . 3 'Allow teenagers to go to pubs.' I wnuld suggest .
4

/i

Examples I vlsited ..

Iwentto..

Ispoketo ..
5

d Use reported speech and expressions like according to to report what people said.
Examples They sard that here wtas a problem with traffic. Accordrng IO resrdents there 1 s a problem with

'Organi~e a you1 h club.' I would recommend 'Slarr a games evening in lhe school.' I would suggest

trufftc.

e
f

Divide the report into sections and use headings for each one. Make sure that you have a conclusion and include some recommendations. Here are some useful expressions: In conclusion, ... To sum up, . . I would recommend .. -ing ... I would suggest ... -ing ...

Practice
4 Complete the sentences with the appropriate verb from the list below.

6 Follow the lrnpmve_vr~ur wriling ~ u i d e l i n t * ~ and write a report un the problems of young people in your area. Make sure you suggest

deny

agwe

suggest

complain

solutions to lhe problem.

ExampIe 'We don't lake drugs.' She c1cnir.d that they took drugs.
'IL's true. We rnake a lot of noise.' They that t h y made a lo1 or noise. 2 'The residents should start a club for you119 people.' He that thc residents start a clr~b for vouns people. 3 he teenagers make a lot of noise.' A residcni that Lhe teenagers made a lot of noise. 4 'We don't leave rubbish on the field.' The teenagers thai they leave rubbish on the field.
1

7 Work in small groups. Read he reports written by the olhpr siudenls, In each report find: something you agree with. something vou don't agree with. so~nething the writer could improve.

Discuss your ideas.

Issue six Par1 three

57

1 brammar review
i Issues 5 and
I

Reported speech
There are two ways of reporting what somebody says either with direct or reported speech. In direct speech we repeat the exact words.

Changes in expressions of time and place These may change in the shift from direct to reported speech. Here are some common changes.
Direct speech today + yeslerday -t [he day before yesterday+

Example He said,'I don't smoke.'

In reported speech we give [he exact meaning without necessarily using h e speaker's exact wards.
Example H e said (thall he didn't smoke. Reported speech with tense changes
Direct speech Simple present -? 'I don't like oranges,' he said. Resent progressive 4 'He's working,' she said. Present perfect 4 'I have never smoked,' he explained.
Present perfect progressive 'She has been waiting for a long time,' she said. Simple past She said, ' I did it.' Will He said, 'I'H do it.'

Reported speech that day the day before two days before r the next day/the following day Lornorrow the day after tomorrow 4 in two days' time 4 the lollowing week, year, etc. next week, p a r , etc. + the previous week, year, etc. last week. year, etc, + a year before/the previous a year, a week ago
week

Reported speech Simple past He said that he didn't like oranges. Past progressive She said he was working. Past perfect He explained that he had never smoked.
Past perfect

this/these
here

+ that/those -t there

Reported speech with no tense changes When reported speech is introduced by a verb in the present, we report the direct speech with no change of tense. Sometimes we choose to report speech in the

present.
Uses 1 To report a conversation that is still going on, e.g. what someone is saying on the phone.
2 When reading a letter, lo repori what it says.

Examples He says he's at the

statian.

-+

progressive She said that she had been waiting for a long time.

Tony says that he likes

Australia.

-+

Past perfect She said that she had done it. Would H e said that he would do it.

3 When reading instructions

The instructions tell us to

cut the paper in hali

and reporting them. 4 When reporting something

that a person says

There are exceptions: 1 If the verb in direct speech is in the past, we often leave it in the past in reported speech, unless we want to emphasize the fact that one event happened before another.

Tom says that he'll never get married.

all the Lime.

Reported commands We usually report commands with tell, ask. order. or beg. The verb we choose depends on how we view the original command.

Example 'Smokingkilled 30,000 people in 1990,' he said. (direct speech) He said that smokil~g blled 30,000people in 1990. (reported speech)
2 We do not usually change a simple present tense if the

Examples 'Don't play ' her mother said to her, Her mother told her not to play
'Please sit down, ' the bank manager said to her. The bank manager asked her to sit down.
'Please let me sleep!'he said to them. He begged them to let him sleep.

statement is always true.

Example 'Smoking kills,' he said. (direct speech) H e said that smoking kills. (reported speech)
68
Grammar review
.

- ., ..

&ported questions T 7 e most common verbs for reporting questians are ask, rant to know and inquire.

First conditional
Form
1 1

if simple presenr will infinitive

4 + +

ne report yes/no

questions with if or whetller.

I When reporting wh- questions we use question wards.

h p l e
ll'hv do vou like oranges?' Ire asked me. h + cbant&cl la know wh>vI liked oranges.
Wice that in a reported question the word order is the m e as in a statement, and we do not use Lhe auxiliary

b p l e Zhrrou like oranges?' he asked me. 3 e asked me i f I liked oranges.

Use la1 k about a situation h a t we think will probahly happen in the future,-but which depends on something else happening first.

Examples If 1 he weather's good, Tll go to the b ~ a c h . It' 1 hqy give-vouthe m u n q what wilj-you do?

Notes The i f clause in all conditionals can appear in the secand part or the sentenre. In this case, no comma i s used.
Example Wc'll miss you if -vor1 leavr.
We can use sllall inslead o l will with land we in the main clause. Htwever, ill is more usual.

m b do.
Other reporting verbs The most common reporting verbs are say and tell (see also -ile Grammar revi~w for Issues 1 1 and 1 21. Often, however, m~ use other verbs that give a clearer idea ol why someone -id something.

Example If I pass mypexams. I shall go to universib

We can also use modal verbs like can, ma,x etc. instead of will in the main dause.

11

&ample U\* mother ordered me to do my homework. f explained :hat I didn 'r havr any She replic~d that my exams were next w e k so I should stud,^ even if I had no hornewdrk.

Example If we have enough moner! we mav go lo the States next war.

I %me

the most common vcrbs are: advise someone (not) to do something w e e to do sornething/with someone about
of

Second conditional
Farm
Uses
1

if + simple past + would t infinitive

Examples I f I had a lot of rnanej I ~vould buy parents a new Erouse. (Bul 1 don't have a lot of money)

&rnething/that ... answer thal ... beg someone to do sonlclhing ... complain ~ h a ... l /to sotneone about samet hing deny that .../doing something explain C ~ Qsomeone) that ... insist on someone doing something/that sorneane (should) do something inrgte someone to do something offer ta do something point out that ... refuse to do something suggest that someone (should) do sornething;/doing

To talk about unreal or hypothetical present or

Cuture situations.

To talk abortl present or future situations that are not likely.

IF I won an O!ympicgoid medal, I would he ver-v happy

Notes Wr often use were instead of was after I f I ... or I f he/sheAt ...,especially in a more formal stylr.

wmething
thank someone For doing something warn sorneane ( n d to do sornething/against doing something

Example I f I weren't b u y I tvould go,

We can use the modat verbs miyht or could instead u T M'OUII~ in the main clause.

G e n e r a l conditional
Form
Use
To talk about general truths,
if a presenl Lense + a present tense
+

Examples I could do rhis exercise if~orf gaw me I he sn.swer key! if he were in trouble, I mi,gh!help him.

Examples

If you Iteat ice. if turns

lo wafer. if stln~ebu+>crit i c i ~ eyuu, s

and automatic or habitual results.

do_vouget upset?

Grammar review

54

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First or second conditional?

The choice between the First and second conditional depends on our view as Lo how likely or possible
something is.

Grammar practice
1 Rewrite these statements in reported speech.

Examples If it rains, we'll stay at home. (Rain i s a real possibility,) IF it rained,we would stay at home. (Rain is not likel;! It does not usually rain.)

Example
'I'm sorry but I can't come to the party,' John %id. John said Ithatl he was sarcv but he couldn 't come to

Conditionals without if
Unless Unless positive = if+ negative
+

flreparty
1 2

3
4

ExampIe Unlessyou give i t to me ... != I f you don't give it to me

Notes

...1

5 6

7
8

There i s a difference in meaning between these sentences: 1 Don't call nre ifyou need help. 2 Don't call me unless you need help.
In I the speaker won't help even if the other person reaI1y

I-le often said, 'I never smoke.' 'I've lost my English book,' John told his teacher. 'We're going to Paris next week,'they said. She said. 'I went to ond don 'I will give him my book,' he said. 'We've been wailing f'or a long time.' the woman said. 'I'm telephoning from the US,' Peter said. Helen told me,'I don't like oranges.' 'I've never seen anything like this before,' the professor
said.

i0 The

needs help.
In 2 the speaker will help, but the use of unless suggests [hat she does not want any calls which are unnecessary.
As/so long as/provided (that)/providing (that) These phrases can be used to introduce con&t ionals. They

teacher told us, 'Water boils at Ioa degrees centigrade.'

2 Complete the sentences with will/wan 't + infinitive, or Lhe simple present form of the verb in brackets.

mean on condition that

...or (i but un[v if ... .

Example If 1 see heel her, I won P fell (not tell) her.

I

Examples You can stay and listen as long as,vwv are quiet. Providing that she works hard, she will probably pass fhe
exam.

We

(be) late if we
you

(not leave) now.

2 What

(say1 i f you

(meet)

her?
3 She
4

If you
to her?

(be) in trouble with her father if she (fail) her exams. (go), you (give) this

(go) out if the weather (be) nice. (not give) me my money, E Itell) the teacher. 7 He Cnot help) you if you (not help) him. 8 lfyou (eat) a lot. you (put on) weight. 9 They (not win) the championship if they Ilose) on Sunday 10 What , vou (do) if she (not arrive)?
5 He 6 If he

3 Complete the sentences wiih would + infinitive, or the past simple form of the verb in brackets.
Example What would you do (do), if you found (find) 500 in Lhe street?
1 2

If1 he was. Ffyou

(see) him again, I

(have)acar,whatcar (choose)?

(not know>who
you

60

Grammar practice

'

*-,

(live) in a house like that if they (have) the rnone]r! r \ \ l i c h charity YOU (give) money to if ? v u(become) rich? -1 (like) him better if he (not be) so silly 5i (not help) him if he (beg) me. How YOU (help) Lhe poor i T you (have) the time? n -1 (not speak) to him ii I (be1you. 9 U'hich book VOU (take) if you ($01 to a desert island? VOU (see) her again if she (say) she was strrry?

a They

think it's hue,' Graham said. Graham agreed 5 'Let's go to the park,' she said. Sli e suggestecl 6 'Why i s thc world round? asked the little girl. The little girl wanted 7 'I'm not going,' he said.
4 '1

H e refused

York?' the boy asked. The boy inquired 9 'Smoking is bad for you.' the leaches told us. Tlie teacher explained 10 '1 don't want to go,' she said, She answered

8 'Have you been to New

t Rewrite each of these sentences in reported speech. Start with the words given. and make any additions you need.

3 R ~ p a r tLhcse conversations From the point of view of Jane or Peie. Try lo avoid using say or tell.
Exaniple Pete Pete's Dad Pete Pete's Dad
Can I go the cinema?

Example 'Whv do you tike oranges?' She asked me why 1 liked oranges.

/
'

! i
I

'Don't play here.' She told 2 'I'm leaving now.' She said 3 'Is this book yours?' She inquired 4 'What Lime is il?' She wanted to know 5 'Be quiet and sit down.' The teacher ordered 6 'Do you smoke?' She asked 7 'People smoke too many cigaretles.' My mum says 8 'Have you finished your homework yet?' My mum wanted te know 9 'Will you go to the meeting if he does?' He inquired 10 'I'm sorry, I can't do this problem.' Me said
1

Who are you going with? I'm going with John. All right then.

I asked my father i f I could go t o the cinema. 1-le wanted lo knot IT &IO I was going 144thSO I replied [hat I was

going with Jol~n. Dad agreed.

1

Jane Can I get a Saturday job? Jane'smum ldon'l thinkit'sagoodidea. Jane Bul all my friends have Saturday jobs! Jane's mum We don't care what thpy do, it's you we're worried about. Jane It's not lair! Jane's dad Don't argue. Just stay at home and study.
2

Pete's mum Where have you been? Pete At the playground. Pete's mum Have you been smoking? Pete No!
Pete's mum 1 thought I smelt sn~oke. Don'l start smoking. It's reallv bad for you. 4 Complete the sentences using an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets: simple present, simple past. ~vill, won't, would(n't1.

2 Complete each of these sentences so h a t it means the same as the sentence before it.

Exam pie 'Why don't we go to the disco?' she asked. she suggested s11afwe should go to the disco.
'Be careful,' her mother said. Her mother warned 2 'Paul, I've bought a new pair of trainers,' Mary said. Mary told 3 'I'll help you,' my friend said. My friend offered
1

Example Unless you come with me, I won't go (go).

Whar (do) if you found a lot of -you money? 2 -1 (help) you providins you help me. 3 We'd have more timr to rnjoy ourselves i f we (not have) so much homework. 4 If someone (smile) at you, do you smile back?
1

Grammar practice

61

5 What wudd you do if sameone snake as a birthday present?

(give>you a

6 -1
7 If1
8

(be)rich, lid share my money with yau! Would it help if people (sendY the books to me? 9 She (shout) at yau unless you are naughty. I a Unless we stop using cars, poIIutiun (become) worse.
S Complete each of these sentences SO that it means the same as the sentence before it.

(play) football if I could.

what you would do if your sister's clothes caught fire.

what you would do if you found a fire in the kitchen.

Example If he doesn't leave now, he will be late for the film. Unless he leaves now, he will be late for the film.
I

Unless you study had, you won't pass your exams. dampare your answers with the other students.
2 Now turn your answers into a safely questiodnaire.

If 2 If you don't do something now,it will be tdo late. Unless 3 There won't be any bread left if you don't go to the shop

now. Unless 4 You can use my camera if yau are carefuI with it. As long as 5 They won't go to the mtch unless we go with them.
If
8

Example If a pan caught fire, w u l d you al pour water on it? b) cover it with a dry cldh? c) cover it with a wet cloth?
Show your questionnaire to the class, then vote far the best onds). Use the questiannaire(s1with your own class and another class, and compare the results. Which class knows more about safety?

If people stop muving to the cities, the traffic problem

will get better. Providing 1'11 tell the teacher if you don't return my trainers. CInkss We'll see you at the party unless we hear from you. If If you don't get there early, you won't see him. Unless If you stick to your diet, you will lose weight. Providing

7
8

3 Who b the person you admire most? Would yau like to meet herfin?
Write down five questionsyou would like to ask if you did. 2 Now write a repart of your imaginary conversation.
1

9
1Q

1 Haw much do you know about safety in the hause?

Example When I met Martin Luther king I asked him why he hated violence. He answered that he hated violence because ...

Describe:
what you would do if a pan caught fire.

what you w ~ u l d do if you burnt your arm.

Ninning at all costs

Wny
IS

What do you think of

I

these hairstyles?

winning so lrnporranr

in sport these d m u = . )

Fun places 1

Have you ever been to a

'Winning at all costs

II

Warm-up

Reading B i j

Recd the twt wd fill the.gwp~ with these mp%si6ns.

h b g fqr ~ E wqp W of heating m>qke them winners high price far winning
-extra

Many kinds of drugs are used by athleta competing in sports all over the world. Some are used to build muscles or to give the athlete 1 . others kill the pain of injuries or calm nerves. Many are illegal and dangerous.

Stimulants make you feel full

of energy and coniidence, but they can also make you feel I . They are officially banned in sport, but amphetamines have been abused by cyclists, who need 1 0 % of stamina, and cocaine has been used by basketbal\es and fmtbaIlm to make them more competitive,
Because of the health risks and the reguiar t ~ b some , athletes are 2 These include natural sub$ances Ouch as growth hormone) that have Zfie same effect as man-made drugs' and taking extra Mood a few days before competition.

Wheh Ben Jahnwn wan the Ulympic tow met?& final and brob the world r e c ~he r ~ was on top of the world, Days later he W ~ P bisnned . rum intera3tiand itthktks a d he was dripped of his medd bza'uw a h g s test ,was pdttitive.
1 War& in m a l l sr&uHA Why dd p u think sports people

I '
,
I
I'

If some pwpie in sport?

Taking substances to improve sports performance is not new. Athlew in ancient Egypt drank a special mixture with boiled donkey hoof to 2 .The llwinner o f the 200 metres at the , Olympic M e s of 668 K in ancient Greece used a special diet
of iigs.

''What kinds of drugi are w d by

take drugs?Di-s
tkir COPC~ES~

these

nobolic steroids resemble male 'Anabdic' means 'to

id-: They fultow the advice of

They want to cheat.

Theywant tg improveand

do bett~r. Thy we g ~ e d y 5 p - t k big hE?irnb&idsuees3 guardntes Fame m dfmtune. Thiy want to ds w&ll b r ZheiPCuuntry or team. They do nat kngw h w dartga~us drugs can be.
Can you think of any dther redsons?
64

good in competitions.

All of these things can cause severe health problems including liver cancer, heart disease, infertility, and even death.And yet athletes still abuse their hodies. Some of them wit1 be paying a very S

3 Read the @t again. What drug?might b~ t&n by pmplr"mthese s p b ? Why?

h d : the fmt wf s
horse pr ihnkrg

harmme:

substanc~,h the body that rnFIuetpsgpwth and development ....* ............*.............

Issue seven Part one

,Wcabulary
'1 find words or expressions in the Warm-up and Reading that begin with the letters in brackets

Listening
7 Who do you think uses more energy, a busy housewife or an Olympic athlete? Give reasons for your answers.

and mean:
r forbidden (b...I
2 something that is against the law (i ...I

drug t h a t increases our energy and activity I s. .I 4 not user1 properly (a...1 5 inabilitv lo have children (i,..)
3

Pronunciation E d
Word stress
5 3lark the stress on these nouns and adjectives.
competition

competitive

addiction apgressior~

additive aggressive

competitor addict

aggressor

Lister] and check your answers. Listen again and repeat.

*.*.

your grammar "........*..*... ...*.................. ..............................

Look through the Warm-up and Reading again. Find as many different examples of the passive as you can.
Example

The passive
8 took at these statements and decide if they are true or false. Listen and check your answers.
1 Housework is hard work. 2 An hour of ironing uses more e n e r a

He was banned - simple past passive

b How do we form the passive voice?

E When do we use the passive voice?

3
4

Practice
6 Complete these sentences with the correct form or the verb in brackets. Some of them may be active, others passive.
1

5 6

than ten minutes of top class swimming. Housewives burn up about I ,500calories a day Houswives burn more calorjes than office workers. 300 metres of swimming uses 85 calories. Heavy and slow exercise is a good way of burning fat.

'Did you go t o the doctor?' 'Yes, he (give) me aspirin, and

(ban) by official sports

9 Listen again. Complete the summary of the interview with the correct form of the verbs

(tell)

below.
test prove
have

me to rest.' 2 Stimulants

use

do

take

authorities. 3 Ben Johnson (test) for drugs after he (win) his medal. 4 For centuries people (take) substances to help them win at sport. 5 He (die) of a heart attack after he (finish) the race. Stimulants (find) in his
6

Housework really is hard work. This by scientists who made a special machine to how much energy

by housewives. It proved that a

housewife uses as much energy as an Olympic athIete. However, housewives bodies like athletes because they a different kind of exercise. They also frequent rests and eat snacks.
Imue seven Part one

blood. Some of the drugs which (take) by athletes (use) in hospitals.

65

1 Read the-article
2

and find:

1 the soldiers who had their hair curled.

B Match the words to the pictures.

when women had very long hair. the name of a man who turned his hair into a wig. 4 when wmmen wore large wigs, 5 some o f the thingswomen put in their wig& 6 why eighteenth-century omen had a stick to scratch with. 7 t h name ~ of a w u d n d o Work her hair wer her eye$..
3

perm cut dye blow-dry trim

w
o v e r thousands of years, some very odd things have been done to hair. Here are some of them.

2,000years ago Persian soldiers had their hair curled. The curls were made
by twisting the hair round hot rods. Their thick beards and moustaches were curled too.

'
f

In about T 150, women grew their hair a 0 long as they could. They spent hours having their hair done in plaits. They wrapped the plaits in ribbons and put the ends into metal cases.
In the later seventeenth century, men and women wore wigs. Wigs could be made from animal hair, someone else's hair, or even one's own Rairl Samuel Pepys, the famous diary writer, had his hair cut off and made into a wig. By 1780, women's wigs had become enormous. They were padded out with pillows, decorated with feathers, ribbons and jewels. It took so long to have the wrgs styled that they were worn for a month, and women had a scratching stick to use when they itched beneath the wig.

plaits:

I n the 1940s, a blonde film star called Veronica Lake started a craze. Women began wearing long hair hanging over one eys. This caused trouble in factories where thwaands o f women'wee wwking for the firat tima Women would catch their hair in the machinea Some had their hair
wulld out, and some were even killed.

Improve your grammar .....................................................................

I

Getting Streetwise! El
Complaints and apologies
6 Look at these expressions. Which are complaints? Which are apologies? Listen to the i conversations and tick the ones you hear.

Have something done (causative form) a What is the differencein meaning between
1

these sentences? I cut my hair.

2 1 had my hair cut. 3 /havecutmyhair.

b When do we use have something done?

Practice
3 Complete the sentences with an appropriate form of have something done.

I'm afraid I've got a complaint ... Oh dear! I'm terribly sorry about that ... I don't know what to say ... It's just not good enough ... I've got a ~ r o b l e m with my ... Look! I'm sorry to trouble you but 1 wonder if Oh! I'm ever so sorry! Would you please ... Sorry! Excuse me! I bought this last week and ...
7 Listen again and complete the table in your notebook.

...

Example
When I was a child I often (my hair/curl). When I w a s a child I often had my hair curled.
I One man grew his moustache to 2.60 metres. He never (it/trirn). 2 For centuries, in many countries, criminals (hair/shave off). 3 (their hair/cut) is a pleasure for most

i
j

People
Extract I

Place

Problem

computer makes a
funny noise

Extract 2

9 a T
brother and sister

people. When she is older she (her hair/perm). 5 The ancient kings and queens of Egypt (a false beard/attach) to their chins to make them feel important. 6 Even today, some young people (their hair/dye) in strange colours.
4

Extract 3

[ Extract 4

8 Listen again. Which of the speakers sound aggressive? How could they sound more polite? 9 Work in pairs. ~ k c i d what e you should say in each of the situations below.
I You have bought an expensive new Walkman.

4 Look at Exercise 2 again. Make sentences

about the pictures.

Example a She's had her hair dyed.

Pronunciation 5
Sentence stress
5 Listen and repeat.
I straightened.

t t works, but the sound is very poor. You decide to take it back to the shop. 2 You are staying with an English famiIy for three weeks. You like the family very much. At the end of the first week, the weather changes and it is very cold. There is no heating in your room and you are not used to the weather. You decide to speak to them about your problem.

his hair straightened. H e ' s had his hair straightened.

2

Act out one of your dialogues for the class.

done. had my hair done. I've had my hair done.

Issue seven Part two

Fun places
.

_ - . _

! Warm-up 1 1 Which of these things

appeaIs to you most? Why?

A theme park

f"ud Arldmwi Pihday and n wmf on u trip to Altm Ewers Alfon

Tmm i $ d gmt fhun Par* N's offly about f f i kilamcfm fmm home so we were fthm in IMS ntM M hour dn4 ririvec/ befort! d o p e d . Afir having a delicious brecrMsf to wrm us up. w e went on us m d q hda 45 we auld. . This is the best ride in fhe p r t . it is ea (21 popular thdt you @en hu to wi? fir 45 minufa to gcf on Thc enimn~e. to ffrc rich is the mouth of big spider i f x ie~@ing i bmu* them is n@hing bDfYIM you and the gmund N ws l a blur] dft~ tbe Ihcndc W sfarted. lfalt dizzy at tks cnd ofit &@on I+V hddj~inedhc q~ $r unoiher brilliant ride. f i i 6 firnt~ m got nally wat o w ew w macd upside down towrds bigjets ' o fWr. We W a gw$ t i m ~ uthl! &drew d~idad tojoin a queue for 4 r i b ; LUN~ Ihc B ~ LHole. R Afer geffhy to the fmnt of fhs qusu. h 'r d i s e ~ v tl*tt d & ridc *IS in Mu1 dar~ncss. Mw is ufmid ofih ] dark b w tW m h r r a s a c d b go h&k.Ht rnra p M e d during f h ride ~ dnd WCIS sick dftw getting L $ ( 0 (41 .A Whdving a hamburgfir m duided to s p d %me time m Hn genflw r i k lt ws nia wedher, s . r hdd a /ody time wal~iry round thc grwd.

( 0

Wc h4d a gRm f imimc b t m8Eercnd If

w my

i Reading
fC Read Jayne's letter to her pen

i
1

I
i i' I

friend. Fill the gapswith thew sentences. Have you ever been to a theme park I t took A n d r w almo~t an hour to recover The first thing we- did was to join the queue for Nemesis Thanks for your last IeHer Andrew and I were sorry to go hame We were hungry and decided it was time for lunch

( 9

W 5 4 gTc(lt ddy ~ t f % h% % ? h t h t d ~

rich, a~fhvugh h wrC &drew would pnfar to forg6f the cxprien66 qf 7 h Black #of$.

3 What are the fun places for celebrating birthdap and n your country? I other events i

68

Issue seven Part'three

Improve writing.... ...... ............v your .......................

Writing an account of a trip

<*.............<-.

5 Rewrite each of these sentences, beginning with affer or before + -ing.

Example
We ate lunch and then we went home. After eating lunch, we went home.
1

Make sure you Include: an introductory paragraph which states where you went and how you got there. a description of some of the places you went to and what you did there. a concluding paragraph that sums up your view of the trip.

3
4

b When one action is followed by another one, we can express the first action with before/ufter+ -mg.
Example
After having a hamburger:

5
6

Passive constructions can be used when the person(s) doing the action are not important. Example We were moved upside down...

7
8

1 went to school and then Iwent to my music lesson. Peter played basketball with his friends after he had finished his homework. E didn't go sightseeing until I had bought a new camera. We were taken on a sightseeing trip after we had arrived in London. W e went on Nemesis, then we went in The Black Hole. We met Jenny and then we went to the cinema. We didn't have breakfast until we got there. 1 ate a hamburger, then I ate a delicious pizza.

Vocabulary
Practice
4 Make all the changes and additions necessary to produce sentences which form a complete

6 Look at the adjectives in the table. Choose a suitable adjective to complete the sentences.
food
scenery

letter.

I delicious
I attractive
breathtaking
traditional

people

buildings -

I
J

J
J

J
J

I rich
Sean Cannery is a very man. 2 The pizza was quite . 3 The new library is quite . 4 The view of the mountains was
1

ear h r ~ ,
1

7 Use the adjectives to write five sentences about a place near your home.

we b e i ' v d ~ q l ~ AWM? r T 5 . 2 k ~ t-ave1gea-r . + i " ! 3 Ye=.+erday wig +oi* in TamuMcrhf betEurope's M\ly indoor 5ki 4 I r e d M real s n d . 5 5pndlthe miq i t w e . b ph-er \m-crUrfi(llir~l-~&~~
rhop w k c ~ I WjlT-she.

Example The rides at AIton Towers are breathtaking.

Writing
8 Follow the Improve your writing guidelines and write an account of a real or imaginary family trip.

1 f kel&rfr,l p w . B -9 * n / p back-.

Self check
9 Look at your account. Did you use any examples of before/after+ ing? Can you find any more places where you could use this form to improve your account?

Issue sewn Part three

69

Streetwise
I
What makes a pop group popular?

1 I5 '/I/

IPop groups

What kind of things do bullies do?

New Streetwise son~boo

Big yellow taxi

paved:cove& y4l.hstone (/&.a

j
,i

d o r pavemet) ... .....,...,,.,....

1 1

..,.".w..

Look at these words and phrms Iri,rn the song. What du flu think the song is ab&? paradise
tree museum

4 What does the singer mean by 'tree museun Why does she use the word 'museum? 5 Look at these lines from the sang.

thebirdsandthebees
farmer

i ! 1

dollar parking lot boutique yellow taxi

Don 2 it always seem ta ga Thatyou don't know whatyouJvept Till it's gone?
What da you think she is talking abuut? Is there anything in p u r country that is i n danger of 'going' like this?

2 Fill the g a p i n the song with the words above,

3 Listen and check your anwen.

e
Issue
What are the first thing? iotice about a pe---

r J.
Did you sleep well lac night7 WhyMlhy not7
-

1 1 Imagine you area bank manager. Would p u give

this man a job? Whylwhy

not?

3 Look at the adjectives in column A. Decide if they are positive xlr negative. Use a dictionary to help you. A B sociable U@Y intelligent calm
nervous

good-looking
irresponsible

stupid responsible

kind lucky mature

unkind immature
s b

unlucky

4 Match the adjectives in coIumn A to their opposites in column B.

appearances
Paul Smith is 25. He left universiv two years ago, He has been t c twenty-five interviews and hasn't found a job. However, he won't ~hange his appearance to try and get wwk. 'This is the way I look. You can take it or leave it. People should look a t my quallflcations, not my hair,' he says.

i 2 Read the article and find: i 1 thenumberofyemsPaulhas

been unemployed. 2 two things that create a good impression with many employers. i 3 what Americans think of tall i people. j 4 what Americans think of j physically attractive people.
8 the reason why attractive

Unfortunately for Paul, first impressions are vital. For many employers, neat arid tidy hair and smart clothes are as important as qualificatians. An interview may last haif an hour of more, but the decislnn to hire or not Is usually taken in the first four minutes, sametimes even beforethe Intervleewee has spoken,
So what factors contribute to that vital first impression?It varles a lot according to our culture. F D example, ~ in the United States tall people are considered more reliable and serious in business. Physically attractive people are thought of as warmer, kinder, more Sociable and even more intelligent although they are not always as lucky as we think - some people Chlnk they are irresponsible an$ immature sothey don't give them the b a t jobs.
We can9 do much about our height or Row good-lookingwe are but we can control our body language. For example, if you hang your head and play with your hair ar hold your hand over your mouth you

i i i i

t i

people do not always get the best jobs. three t h i n g that make ypu looknervous. where you should look at an
interviewer i n Efigland.

may seem nervous or dishonest.

It is also important t o look in the tight place. In Brifain and America, it is appropriate to ID& the Interviewer more or less In the eyes.

Unfortunately, pmple fmm some cultures can find this quite dffficult because they do not look directly at strangen

72

Issm eight Part one

..prove your grammar

adjectives. Adjective short

6 In America the

people get the best

I . . . . . . . * . * . . . . . . . * * * . . . _ . . . . . . . . . * . . L ,

jobs.(tall)
7

a There are three degrees of comparison for

Comparative shorter
luckier

If you want to borrow money to use the phone j dress weII. People are - to people who i are well dressed. (generous)

lucky
mature
intelligent intelligent

more mature less mature more intelligent

Superlative shortest luckiest mast mature least mature most

6 Arts is,a fashionable new disco. New Streetwise sent three people to try to get in. Lmka t the pictures and decide who is:

the m S t attractive.

less intelligent least intelligent 1 When do we use the comparative and superlative form$? 2 What is the rule for form~ng the comparative and superlative? 3 What is the comparative and superlative of

the best dressed. the m a t cmsmative. Who do you think gat intp the dsco? Give reasofis For your answers.

good and bad?

as

... adnot as ... ushot so ... as

Example good grooming and well-cut dothes are us import ant as quclliflcations

b Used with an adjective as ... gs means that two are the same. people or th~ngs

Not as ... as/not50 ... as means the t w o

people or things are not the same. Example

5 Complete these sentences with an appropriate comparative or superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Examples Wearing glasses makes people think you are more intelligent (intelligent) Same people believe attractive people are not as responsible/less respons~ble. Iresponsible)
1

k t hy

Charlotte

Ii Datren

7 Listdn and complete the table.

1Wswed in?

3
4 5

Women's faces are, on average, one fifth than men's faces. (small) fn an interview you look i f you play w i t h your hair. (nervous) Women are at looking at people they are talking to than men. (good) A man with an attractive face i s seen as and . (warm, kind) Many women think their appearance is than it is. Many men, however, think their appearance is than it is. (bad, good)

Reason

8 Have you @er hau p~ohlems getting into samewhere or daimgao&ing h a u s e of $ your a p m r r f 8 5 h a your ~ w p t i e n a with f.

the ch*

Issue eight Part one

73

3weet areams

1 Work i npairs. How well does your partner

sleep? Ask and answer these questions.

How many hours do you sleep a night: less than eight? nine-twelve? 2 Do you sleep in the afternoon? When? Why? 3 Do you ever have trouble sleeping? When?
1 4

Z &ad the article and dedde if these statements are true or false. Give teasons far your answers.
1 Peqle n e d more than six hours of sleep

every night. 2 Dreaming occm during deep sleep. 3 Qur eyes are open during rapid eye movement sleep 9eep is vital to our hain. 5 Hot milk helps us to sleep. 6 Sleep can be difficult if we eat too much.
4

Why? Do you deep with a 6ght on? When? Why?

Do you rememberyour dreams? Talk about a

dream you remember.

We all experiehce sleeples There are many excessive tiredness, happens it is vev d for nokleepers.

Feelings of 'sleepiness' tell us whether Ne are w i n g enough sleep or not If you arc havjng problems, here are some things you can da:

1)Tv

The pqrt of your b ~ which 4 ~needs most sleep is your bdn: m i n g from your neck down can lky taking a brisk d k or dabg somr do without %.,prwided that it gets regular rest -tion e m i s a in ihe hour 9"dp (Kfwt and f d , m $ u r brain, wr average, only n d s six hours' s l e e p s . * & But this dots vary from g mffee person t o persot&:. . ' g to bed. There appear o be two main -kinds of sleep Try drinking a wariii'@ikdrkk. 'vital' or 'deep' sleep, and 'opt@$@% 'Wsleep (REM = rapid eye movement, W & e your eyes @ if you can't get to ss&p+don't toss and turn mow rapidly badrwards.M$fomSCrds behind your get up and go and do mething in anMw-1 dosed eyelids]. The firsf Und of sleep refreshes m . your brain, and the xmnd is when you dlpam. Short d e e m are able h q& out on 'o@,@gjF sleep but not on 'vital' s l e e p

to go to bed a t a regular time and remember to set an alarm s o mat you don't get alyrious about waking up an time

74

Issue eight Part two

Gmprove your grammar Verbs with -ing or to + infinitive with a

change of meaning a Rernember/not forget + to +infinitive = we remember that we have t o do something.
I

4 List three things you remember about last New

Year's Eve. 5 Use try+ -ing to give three pieces of advice to someone who has trouble staying awake during lessons.

I
,

Example I remembered Lo switch off the light before I went to sleep. Remember/notforget+-ing=remember something that happened in the past. Example / remember dreaming about the beach in my

Example T i y drinking coffee in the mornings.

6 Complete this sentence. On my way home from school I stopped L o

village.
I

b Try+ to +infinitive = to make an attempt, to do

your best to succeed

Write two more sentences using stop to. Write two things that you have stopped doing since you were a child.

1'
1

Example I tried to sleep on the tram bvt rt was very

uncomfortable. Try + -ing = to do an experiment, to do

something as a test to see if it will succeed. Example Try doing same relanotion exercises to see if they can help you sleep.

Encouraging expressions
7 Listen to two young people talking about dreams. Make a note of the expressions used to encourage the other speaker to say more.
Now listen and decide where you could use the following expressions in the conversation you have just heard.

/
I

e
I

I I

to t infrn~tive = stop In order to do sorneth~ng. Example The old man stopped to sleep by the side of the rood. Stop t. -mg = fin~sh or no longer continue. Example I stopped sleeping with the light on when I was seven.

Stop

-t

Really? What dream? HOW terrible! Did you? What happened next?

d Look through Tips for non-sleepers' again, and

find examples.
t
-- -

--

--

Intonation of question tags

When the intonation on a quesl:ion tag Falls-, we expert the answer lo be yes. When the intonation rises A , we are not sure of the answer and the question tag works tike a genuine

3 Look at Jake's list. Hc has ticked the things that he remembered to do yesterday Write three
sentences.

question.
8 Listen to these extracts from the conversation

Example He renler~lbered P o phone Bill.

Which one has a falling intonation? Which one has a rising intonation?

phone Pi\\ J write to Wndy col\cd my ho\idal photos J mend my biydc J buy new LLJ tare the dog for a wa\K J

1
I,

1 2

You often have nightmares, don't you? You don't happen to have a book on dream interpretation, do you?

?--. t
I

- ., r - .

F-

, . - 7-a

9 Work in groups. Tell the grnup ahnut a d r ~ a m you have had. Encourage people to talk using the expressions you have learned.

Issue e~ghtPart two

75

; 1 Wark hpa'hs.Lookatthe piauresLanddecide

:j
which perkon you think has run away from Eronie. Give reasom, Share your awwr withthe class.

A 'missing pupils' news bulletin is serit every

fortnight t o the Schmh in a particular a m . Read this d&bn and a n m these qwons.

What information is contained h the announcmcnts? 2 What information i s missing? What eke waul( you like to know abauf Dean and Lisa?
1

The pa\ice are anxious l a trace the whereabouts of a pupil who has been I I missing from Liverpool since 20th June. The boy's name is Dean Palmer, but he may also use the names Darren Page or Daryl Pointer. He is fourteen years old. He has fair hair and is 1.50m tall, He wears glasses, and has a finger missing from his I left hand. He was last seen wearing jeans, a brown leather jacket and black trainers.

'

old now. Her faiher is wanted for a criminal offence and she left the country with him two years ago. Police b~lieve that she may have returned. She is of medium height and slim build. She is usually welldressed. She used to have long wavy r$d hair and green eyes. I f she is at your schaot, or has ever heen admitted into the school, please telephone the Liverpool police immediately.

b 3

70

issue eight Part #me

Improve your writing ..... .......*.....A.. .. .. .. ...... ......... . .....

. . . v . s . . .

...-...- . ...........

Describing a person
The way we describe a person depends on why we are describing herlhim. a When we are producing a descript~on for an official purpose, such as for a police report, we need to rnctude a lot of factual information about the person such as herlhis age, height, weight, etc.

5 Look at the table again. Match these adjectives to their opposites in the table.
gentle outgoing fun-loving

quiet

Write the opposites for the

remaining adjectives.
Q Choose six adjectives that describe your partner. See if your partner agrees with your choice.

b Notice how the information in the news bulletin is structured. We move from general information (age, height, build) to more specific information such as distinguishingphysical characteristics, clothes, etc.
t In a letter or essay we may want to include an impression of the person and what shelhe is like. In addition to descr~bing the person physically, we may show what they are like by: using adjectives whlch describe a person's personality, such as shy, nervous, talkative, friendly, etc. giving an impression of how shelhe behaved.

Example My uncle used to wave his hunds when he was talking.

addlng adjectives like loud, soft, high-pitched, powem/, etc. to herlhis physical description. Example He had a soft, gentle voice and u powerful body

7 Read this description of Dean Palmer. Doyou thinkit was written by a teacher or a friend?
1

Ptwn ws Q I W a very ~quiet boy. t mrnember thdf

3 How do you behave in school? Do you behave differently out of school? Make two copies of the table. Write at the top of the first: in school i am ... Write at the top of the other: Out of school I am ...

he was quite srndll wifh fair hair. H e always w w t at fhe buck of the cldss and surely ~dused any trouble. lfelt he wds alw~~ys somewhen else and he used to get aggressaivc when I used him questions so I left him done. Although he was foun'mIIhe toolred m u ~ h younger and 1 fhink that helpc.himappear more innocent f h n he was. Iu n ' t - remember much else ex~ept thaf he used fo t ~ p his hnds in his podkets to hi& his missing finger.

8 Follow the Improveyour writing guidelines and write a description of Lisa Moran. Imagine you are her teacher or her best friend. Make sure you use adjectives that describe Lisa's personality

S e U B check
Complete the table by putting ticks in the appropriate columns.
4 Work in pairs. Tell your partner how you are different in school from out of school.

9 Look at your description and answer these questions.

I How many adjectives did

Examples In school I'm usually more polite than I am at home. I'm not as talkative in school as I am with my friends.

you use? Did the adjectives describe Lisa's personality as well as her physical appearance? 3 Can you think of any alternatives to the adjectives you chose?
2
Issue eight Part three

77

B " ithe cotnparalive form we oflen use than.

Granlmar practice
1

1 Wth the superlative for111we cm use in

Constructions with
s adjective t as

.Yer hair is longer than yours.

.,. or of,..

btarnples +'s the toughest policetrlan i n the force. Fhe most irlleresting of the facial f m t u r c s is the nose.

1 Complele each of these senlcnces so that it means the sarne ss Ihe sente~lce prin~ed before it.

Example Sonleone slole the books. The books were stcllcn.

1 Sylvrster Stallone presented the prizes.

The prizes
2 Someone put

CFse
To say that two people,

Example John is as fil as l am.

dungs, etc. are the same in some way.

4
5
6
7

Note

,Mer notwe ran trse as ... as or so ... as, to show two things, people, etc. are not the same.

Eramples John is no1 as fit as I am. It isn't so hot as it wasyesterday

8
9

graCriti on the wall lasl night. Graffiti The O& to Joywas cornposed by Beethoven. Beelhovcn Someone has repaired the broken windows. The broken windows Jane has been invited to a party Someone Who was this hook written by? Who The money had already been found by a dog. A dog My father asked Lhern.

Verbs with -ing o r 80 ai infinitive wi8b a change a* i 1 meaning

t
!
c infinitive with

Thy How did they tell you?

How You can play basketball in the streel, Basketball

10

remember, (not) forget, try, and stop we can use -ing a change o f meaning.
Verb + to + infinitive I remembered to sep him. (= I remembered that I had to do something.) Remember is he earlier a~Tion.

2 Answer the questions as in the example. Remember to use an appropriatt. tense.

Verb + -ing
1

I remcmbcr seeing him. (= 1 remember sorilething Lhat happened in the past.) Seeing i s the earlier
action.

E&ample Did Jim wash his own car? No,h e had i t washeti

J will ncver forget seeing him, I= I will always

remember seeing him.)

He didn't forget to see her. (= He rcmcm bered, so he went to see her.) I'm frying tu pass my exams. (= I'm making aa attempt to do my besl.)

dye her hair hersell? No, 2 Did Mary's molher make the cake herself? No, 3 Arc t h y going to buiId their own villa?
1 Did Ann

No,

M / h yrlon 't yo u try drinking

milk before going to bed? (Do an experiment Lo see
if it works.)

Did your Dad take that family photograph? No, we 5 Dues Sarah da h a own hair?
4

No,

1 I
I

1 slopped biting my nails whunlwassix(=lno longer bite my nails.)

I stopped to see him on my way to school. I = l interrupted my journey ta school in order to go and see him.)

6 Do you clear1 your own windows? No, w e

7

Did you repair Ihe tyrc on your bike? No, I

Grammar practice

79

Pop groups
Warmwup
I What do you know about these pop groups?

Reading IlEi
2 Which pop group do you think started as a result of this advert - the Beatles or the Spice Girls?

7
In 1961, Brian Epstein w& helping in hifatha'5 rmrd shop in Liverpad wtrm a teenager came in and asked far a recard by a lotal bmd. E m n i didn't have i t but the teenager ~ m e M d excited that he decided to look for the group, They were called the H e a t h and were playing in a Liverpool club called The Cavern when he found them. lie was so imprasd with their music that he became their manager.

streetwise: abic to marlagp or succeed

in difficui!

R.U. 18-23 with the ability

to singldance?

situations
outgoing: fricndlv

and happj,
dedicated: able i u
give a b t d 1 ime and effud

R.U. streetwise, outgoing, ambitious and dedicated?

II

...............................

+.

Read the article quickly to check your answer.

3 Read the a r t i c l e again and answer these quest ions.

Who was the Beatles' first manager? 2 What was John Lennon doing when he formed his group? 3 When did Paul McCartney join John Lennon's group? 4 How long did the Spice Girls spend learning to sing and
1

dance? What was the Spice Girls'

first hit? 6 What is the difference between how the Beatles and the Spice Girls created their sound?
8
Issue one

The Beatles developed their mund by playing together for WE.John Lennon started hi own band in 1957 while he was .*dying PKt at college and Paul MKartney weiltto hear them play. Paul w , 15 and still in school. Hejoined the group a few days- later and brought George H8rison who was in the same school. The last member, Ring Star, joined in 1962and they played together until the e d of the sixtics 9ver thirty p~ later the Spice Girls became the first really popular all-female goup. They B r t e d in a ~ r dierent y way from the Beattes, Early in 1994, a pop manager d e i d Chrk H&efi decided to create a new band, He put an advert in a magazine and intwvkwd 408 girls in London. He rhase Emma, Md C, Mel 3, Geri and Vidoria, The girls spent two yea6 together in a houw learning to sing and dmce. Affer w k s of hype their fid single, Wunoobe, went to number one in 1996. Their success was the result of clever marketing and a sound created in the studio. Will groups in the future be like the Spire G r b s or the Beads? Record companies spend a huge amount of money promoting bands and making videos to buy s u c c a Bmuse of this they try to create groups they think young people will like and often bring together boys and girls who look good but have nu m u s i i experience. This may be why so many of today's group look and sound the same.

k t arte

1 2 3
4

5 6

7
8

1 2

3
4

5
6

7
8

She isn'l she looks. (dd) In 111j7r-ountry rrootball is hosketball, ipopular) Complele these sp.ntenccswith an a ~ ~ ~ ~ r o p r i a L ~ . p a s ~ ~ ~ e is 5 i Mary her brolhers and sisters. (quiet) form of I he verb in bmckels. 6 I think it's reslaurant in Irlwn. (bad) ? Bugs Bunnv rlr Miclcey 7 Which of the comics is Example Mouse? ((Tunny) Fner_gy use was ksted (tesl) by a mar-hine cal1t.d the K2. 8 From here, 1 think Edinburgh is Glasgow (far) In Arrica, a lo1 of farrri work ($01 by wornen. Aspirin i t a k ~ to ) rcduc~ body Icmperalu~e. 5 Colnpirle the senlences with an appropriat~ form of th 'fie school (decorate) last w e ~ k . verb in brackets: i q or lo + infini live. In recent years a lot or elepharils (kill) in Examples southern Ahira. Slop playn: (play) immedialcly and come in! This Walkrrian (make) in Japan, isn't it? 1 saw him at the rlewsagcnt when I stopped to hu,v As children we (take) to the zoo every sumn~cr. (buy) a newspaper. Sirloking (not allmz4 on buses or trains. We made so much ~ioise that kvr (ask) t o 1 'I can'L sleep a1 night.' be quiet. 'T~Y (drink) less coffcp.' 2 1 remember (go) to Disneyland when I was a Complrtc these s e n t e n c ~ using s an appropriate passive child. form of the verbs in the list. 3 I'm at'raid I forbgot (SEP) hrr before she left. 4 1 tried (pass) my cxarns but 1'111 afraid 1 failed. paint clcan ban wear make give take rob 5 He always remembers (switch) Lhe lights off Ben Johnson Fro-om alhlctics for two years in whim he leaves a room. Do you? 1988. 6 The?, stclpped (SD) to music lessons two years Trainers by tmys and girls. ago. The mural by ??I tcerlage artist. 7 Do you remcrnbc=r ((give)it to them? The winners of n c ~ t - ~ e a cornpetitinn r's some B I've tried (do) relaxation exercises, but t h ~ y very good prizes. don'L help. The classrooms every day. Tht- studerlls un a school trip last ~nonlh. Have you hrard? The bank . 1 Write ten g-eneral knowledge questions and answers, Wip from human hair for many years now using wrbs from the lisL. Usc each at least once,
3
4

3 Curnplete Ihcsc sen 1 c=nceswith an appropriate Corm of have + objerl + past participle.

compose

discover

inverrt

paint

sing

write

Exartlple 1 h c ? hati ~ r r l y )lair cut Crny hair/cu t>. Dn you like i I?

1 Whcn I was younger I (my hair/perm>. 2 1 hate (111~ trc-th/clean) by the dentist. 3 In I he old days you (Mood satnples/take) by a

Exampl tl When nJ;lsbasket ball invented?

Now work in pairs. See if your partner can answer your questions.

P In many towns and cities the traditiorlal 'corner'shop is

competing againsL large supermarkcls. Which do you and your fanlily prefer:' Why? Think aboul t h e e qurs lions: Which is more ronveni~n I? Which scIls a wider range of goods? \;lrhich i s chcapVr? Whith is ckaner? Which i s open longer? Which is more C u n to go lu?

barbcr. 4 -1 (never/rtly ears/tesl). Have you? 5 1 7 1 ~ ~ ~ (their housc/decorate) a1 Ihc momcnt. ( ~ _n v bike/repair) tomorrow 6 1 7 You should ( y u r c y d t e s t ) regularly 8 She (her rar/'s:stcal) again, poor girl.
4

Complete, these sentences with an approprialr cornparativc=or superlative rorm of thr adjectives in l)rackets. Make any additions you need.
Examples Maria is the uldcst [IT Ihe four c'hildren. (old) Is Andrew raIIcr than/ls tall as John? ([all)

3 Write a short report of ahout sixty words, saying when you prefer to go shopping and why.
Example W e like going to 1 he supermarket. The prices arcJ chvap~r and it js marc, convenient bcca usr tvc $1 Lhrre by car ...

1 Who is 2 Is Paris

member of your. farnily? (in I dligen 1) New York? icheap)

80

Grammar practice

I--

Why would a rich man dress like - this? -

B-

A moral dilemma
Warm-up
1 Work in pairs, Discuss this

Reading

As

2 Read this article about what a man who used to be the

headmaster of a very famous English school did in a similar situation. Decide if these statements are true or false.
1 2

dilemma.
You find an important exam paper before the exam.W h a t would you do? Would you tell anyone? Would you keep the paper to yourself?

3
4

Discuss your answers with the class.

John Rae went to his head teacher's desk to look for the essay question. He saw the question on a piece of paper. He told his headmaster that he had seen the Essay question. He won the competition. He still feels guilty about it.

When %\;em 3trt~rw~ asked e me tn confess an incident that I had never told anyrme about hefore, 1 immediately thought about the story of the English Essay Prizc.

E should have told the

headmaster at the rime, After all, 1 was someone he trusted, hut I didn't tell him.

Ilp the tlmc the Iifidmaster returned, Iwis looking out uf the window. W e musl have talked a h u t this and that, the arran~menls for the Graduation Day perhaps. He was n nice man. H e might have left the piece OF paper in that prominent position to tea me, kmwing how keen Iwas to win the essay prize. But thar wasn't his style.
1 should haw told hlrn chen. It would have been easy to s~>-, 'Hcadmasrer. I am afraid I saw the title lor the Englnh Fssay Prize on your desk. I didn't mean to, hut I will withdnw my name at once, o F course.'

He had gone out of the study for some reason nncl in his absence 1 moved airnlesdp to see what was on his desk. In the middle of thc desk was a small piece o f
paper an which were written the words 'Englisll Essay Prize Emminarion: History 1s n String of Biopiphies'.
A moral p e w n would have lookecl a w y as soan as he saw the heading. I did not. The sutlject of the English Essay Prize was a secret but I could not resist

Thc clpportunly passed and did not return. We sat thc three-hnur paper the following morning. With the adun~lrge uof knowing the title in advance, I won. 1 like to think t would have won anyway, but that is nor the point. I didn't set out to cheat, hut it was

cheatina nevcrchcless.
That was when 1 was eighteen, thirty-eight years ago. The fact rhar the derails are so clear suggesa that the feeling of wilt has kept the memory h h . I have never -told anyone almut it - until now.

read@ P.
Glossary

1 !

aimlessly: without a particular purposc

It was m g , but it was the sort o f cwnpt~~ion aImmt everyone would have yielded 10.

3 Read t h e article again and answer these questions.

should have told the headmaster at the time.' Do you agree with this conclusion? 2 Do you think it would have been easy to tell the headmaster? Whywhy not?
i '1
82

Issue nine Pert one

Vocabulary
4 Find words in the text that begin with the letters in brackets and mean:
1 admit that one has done something wrong (c ...I

Peter was wry angry when a boy kicked him at

a football match. Petertsfriends stepped him

from hitting the boy

5 lenny could not do the last question in her

gave in to something (y...I 3 easily seen, obvious Ip...) 4 decide that you will no longer take part (w ...I 6 unhappiness caused by the feeling of having done something wrong C g...I
2

maths exam. She wanted to copy the answer from her friend, but her friend wouIdn't let her.

Talking point
6 Answer these questions individually. Have you ever:
1 been on public transport without a ticket? 2 kept the money when someone gives you the

... Improve your grammar ! , ....,......................................*........*..................

Would/should/might+ infinitive or have t past participle

wrong change?
3 borrowed something and 'forgotten' to give
4

What i5 the difference in meaning between these pairs of sentences? 1 /twouidbeeasytote/lhim. It would have been easy to tell him. 2 I should tell the headmaster. I should have told the headmaster.

it back? cheated in an exam? done anything else that was wrong?

Now make notes about samething that you did that was wrong. Use these headings.
What did you do? Why did you act in that way? Would you like to have done something
different?

Second and third conditionals b What 15the difference in meaning between these sentences? 1 If l had won the lottery, l would have gone to the Bahamas. 2 If l won the lottery, I would go to the Bahamas.
C

Work in pairs. Discuss your answers.

When do we use a third conditional

conssruction?

7 Work in mall groups. Look at the

Sometimes, when we are faced with a dilemma, we do the wrong thing. Luckily, other people may save us from our actions.
S Make sentences about these situations using the third conditional.

photographs and describe the children. How old are they? What are they doing? D o they look happy? Why/Why not?
8 Listen to a New Streetwise report

about children at work and decide if these statements are true or false.
1
2

Example Sam was about to take some money fram his friend's wallet when the teacher came in. If the teacher hadn't come in,,Sam would have stolen the money
is eleven. She was alone in the house. She took one s f her father's cigarettes. At that moment, her mother came home. 2 Alex didn't do his homework. He decided to lie to his teacher but she forgot to ask for it. 3 David thought he had lost the camera that his parents had bought him. He was so upset that he decided to tell them it had been stolen. His mother found the camera later that day
1 Alice

3 4

Some children in England earn 30 a week delivering newspapers. In the nineteenth century most children went to work. Children did not do dangerous jobs. In the UK you can't work at all until you are 16. Children can't work for more than two hours on a school day. Children no longer work long hours.

9 Do you think chiIdren should work?

Reading
Read the text and decide if these statements are true or false.

1 lmaginr you have inherited a lot of money What would you do with the money? Would you spet~d it? What on? Why? Or would you use it to help people? Who? Why?

John Gurner Inherited a lot o f money 14 years ago. Hs w w very pl-d. He gave all of it a w q John i s a mcrmher of a group of rich people. The group aims to help millionaim invest their money John's brother is very,very rich. Thewriter believes that Should havegiven all his motley away

1 Burner l i i in FQew Yo!kmHe ihlWM a mil[lm dollars when he M i a, R was his share of a family bwdness s t a d by his great-greatgreat grandfather i n 1865.Johnwas far from happy. His college friends were Wing for their first jobs, a& he could ~&i++&did,e~t ,$dim
that - 3 , n y d 31~bb~h M but he

ease

his
j

..................................

conscience: make what he received feelless wrong

akWHy had a 1 8a fn ~ b * ldh inherit money Bo? Should John hw sd&+&d to p r e W fo be lik p n e l his money away rather t h a everyme & and continued t o live part d it?Perhaps, he ought to hav a simple life. Ha didn't d lany of his helped the pow in New York rathe&$; friends and d his conscience by than a politial party in Africa? Whq piwing $10Ot0QO Of his money to a .. po~i~i&l paw in South Africa. Today should he help now? he is 36;he 'wears dleap shoes-and restaurant b e c a mthey didn't have a The answer depends on our values. dnher and can only afford a small frpe table and then gave it m me chef mese are a pmdud of after he had eaten. They want to use car, but he is much happier. ba-ound, education, culture and their money to help society in the persarrality and there is no easy John is a member of a gmup called most useful way, answer. J o h n k s e is, howmer, a Impact Thenrou~ i s a club that helps rid people think about theirva~uk Impadteaches ib members how to g d illurntion of the fact hat and h r lives. The members do not give money wisely and Its members money domn't necssarily bring o help the groups happiness. warn to waste their money l i b the are encouraged t young millionaire who bought a
I

f.

'

Vocabulary
3 Find words in the article that begin with the letters in brackets and mean:
1 to receive property, money etc. from someone who has died Ii ...I

2 leave your job and stop working Ir.. .> 3 cook in a restaurant (c ...) 4 increased greatly ( m . ..) 5 your type of family and social class (b...)

using the phone. She never told him about her calls to Australia. 4 Pete decided to enter a writing competition. His parents helped him and he won. The prize was a place on a course for journalists. 6 Patrick ran away from home once when he was twelve, After that, his mother used to open his letters and search his room when he was out.

Getting Streetwise! Esl

Requests
6 Look at these expressions. What do they have
in common?

Improve your grammar ...............*........... Shou/d/oughtto + have + past participle

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I . . I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I I

Shou/d/ought to + have + past partic~ple are

used to express an unfulfilled obligation or a sensible action that was neglected. Examples He should have mended the car. He ought to have given them some money -

Can you give me ...? I'm terribly sorry to bother you but I wonder if you could lend me ...? You haven't got ..., have you? Could I please have ... ? Would you mind giving me ...?

b In the negative form, they express a wrong or foolish adion in the past.
Example She shouldn'tlought not to have opened the letter. It wasn't hers.

Which expression is the most polite? Which would you use: to ask your father for something? to ask a stranger for something? to ask a friend for something?
7 Listen to different people asking their father, a stranger and a friend for something. Complete the table for each situation.

Practice
4 Write sentences with should have/ought to have + past participle.

i i

What they want

Extract 1 Dad

The expression used

Example John didn't give his money lo the poor. John should I~ave given his money to the poor.
1 John didn't invest his money
2

Extract 2 Stranger
Extract 3 A friend

John didn't tell his friends. 8 The way we ask someone for things depends on many factors, including how well we know the person, the age and status of the person we are asking, and the urgency of the request. Decide on an appropriate request for each of these situations.
1

3 John didn't buy any new clothes.

5 Make sentences with should(n'tl or ought lo + have + past participle for each of these
situations.

Example
Sam inherited some money from his aunt. H e spent it all on cars and clothes. He should have invested so~ne of the money
1 Paula's parents both smoked. They told Paula not to, but she didn't listen. She is now a heavy

You arc on holiday. You want a stranger to use your camera to take a photograph of you and a

smoker.
2 Charlotte is sixteen. Her parents never let her go out after 9 p.m. Last week she ran away

from home.
3 Alice's cousin went to live in Australia. Alice

used to telephone her cousin every week until her father got his bill. He stopped everyone

friend. You want to g o to a party It is on the other side of town and you are late. Ask your father for the money to take a taxi. 3 You are in class and you find that you have forgotten your pencil case. Ask a friend for a pencil and an eraser. 4 You are in class and you want to use a dictionary that belongs to your teacher.
2

Issue nine Part two

85

Reading
1 Read the notes and answer these questions.
I Who do you think these notes were addressed to?
2

Who were they written by?

What do you think the writers should have said?

3 Are there any that were especially silly? Which ones?

i
Emily ws @ on8 ddy hsf week 4s she played w d n t dnd I ~ c p b t r &for the

Gf+ "eh"o/

~asn.iJ

at

he hsnl+ !>

would do it q i n .

2 Read the letters and answer these questions.

Are these expressions excuses or requests? I wonder if.. . I would be grateful if... 2 What do the expressions as and because introduce? 3 SaJIy would have been at her swimming lesson ...
1

Did Sally go swimming or not? Why does the

writer use the third conditional?

G ~ C I be / . c~cusedfiam / wonder f ~ a games Uay as she is nutfklin9 w y d L

Sandy bne

Leicester

De&

~ t l r

, an lad a ,

5+i-w3e~
J 5

absd 4rm
he

bh~ebrua rqgg ~
Dear Mr Green, "jly have bun a her 6wimming YMterdaY if hadn't hurt her shouldcr in. grateful ifp u would exusc her ip fmm swimming for the r ~ tfie tern,
Many thanks.
Yours sinc~rel~,

&M, ddf*r'o

ye3+eidW
he

ncrf week

ap~o;d~=~' a+ tk "11 be rway '&Id Md

*" wm

'

@ -

~ ~ u sf kJ n
m(c $ , & in

dvanCe,

Nice Wright

86

Issue nine Part t h w

improve your writing ................

..................................................

4 Make up an excuse or explanation for each of these situations using the third conditional.
1

1
I
1

itlng an excuse d e can use us and because to introduce reasons. We usually use because when we think that the readerilistener doesnTt already know the reason.
Example I went to the doctor because I had hurt my

3
4

foot,
As (or since) can be used at the start of a sentence when the reason is already kflown to

You dropped a very expensive ornament because your hands were wet. You didn't go swimming because you weren't very well. You forgot to do something important because your friend didn't remind you. You didn't go to the parv because you had an exam the next day You didn't help your friend with his homework because you didn't understand it.

the readerll~stener. Example As you want to go home, Yll phone a taxi.

We can usually use becouse In place of as ar since but we cannot always replace because with as or since.

Writing
5 You want to be excused from your homework for part of next week. Write a note toyour
,

teacher saying why Follow the Improve your writing guidelines to heIp you,

b We sometimes use the third conditional to

offer explanations or make excuses. Examples Sally would have been at her swimming lesson r f she hadn't hurt her shoulder. I would have passed the test if 1 hadn't been feellng ill.

6 Imagine you were absent from school last week. Write a note giving a really silly reason for your absence.

c We often use expressions like I'm ofraid and I'm

sorry to introduce an excuse.

d Here are some polite request forms: iwonder if (you could) ... 1 wou/dbe grateful if ... Could you please ...

Practice
3 Combine the sentences using the conjunctions in brackets.
Example 1 went to bed. 1 was tired. (because) I went ro bed because I was tired.
I 1 didn't go to school. I was ill. (because) 2 1 won't come. You didn't buy my ticket. (as) 3 She is not allowed to go out late. She is very young. (as) 4 She forgot to do her homework. She didn't

Self check
7 Work in small groups. Read your notes to each other and answer the questions.
I
2

did you^ partner use the third conditional?

partner's notes?

Did your partner use any polite request forms? 3 What changes could you make to improve your
Decide on the best note in each catagory.

write it down. (because)

5 She went home early She wasn't well. (since)

Lssue nine Part three

87

'New Streetwise songbook

i

j The great pretender

&m

Oh yes, I'm the p a t pr&c

Prekembg~~doing~(~~-

My need k such

'm Bncly but no m e can tell.

(21

- I

Tw r e d isrW '@ & f s T m real when 1:feelw h t my 47) ,g.m,i,m4 c~ceal

-

...
.

can't
- :,

Oh ya..l'mthe p a t pretender,
Jl;t%t

C e " b

and

ha&>

$1

Qb yes,I'm the (33

Adrift in a 44) r play the IS) --

8 -

i'm <11)
,-a

1 (7

% & ! @ . q ~ g
+

.-

&

.--

a 1 1 ~~~.

am^, ! , ,:Wendidg th9tyoufred lammd. J - 7 - L

to be what Prrznutp~.m,~ *-

T ' .a
1

. ' . A , .

Tooreal~vhaIklw~my~~'f~ conceal ... , *r -.. -4 am$ - -- . * . I

-1

Lmk xt this entry fmm a dictionav

pretend /prr'tend7u Ta appear to do m be something, i n order to trick or deceive smeane
Paul's not realdy asleep. He 3-just p e m d t r g . me cbr'ldrm carepretendin8 to be clowm.
+

B Look at the svg Try tu filI the gaps with the

words from the list.

game
heart

well clown great much worfd feeling laughing wearing seem

3 Listen and check your answers.

4 What is the singer pretending? Why?

When do people ~retencl? Da you ever pretend IQbe something you are not?

5 Do you think film and pop stars have to pretend mare than ordinary people? Whr/why
not?

Do you believe that

some people and animals can see into the future?

What do you expect ~ r o m a aood neiahbour? I

I Letters to the editor I

Why do peopl rrite letters to newspapers and magazines? What kinds of things do they usually write about?

Practice
4 Match these verbs lro~n the article to the definitions.

6 Carnplele 1 he senlences with an appropriaie

past tense form of (he verb in brackrts.

join
1

promote

create

spend

interview

to give publicitv to something to rrlakc s o t n e t k q new 3 to become a nlernber of a group 4 L o pass lime 5 a meeting where you ask someone about their life and opi~lions

Example Epstein was working (work) in a recurd shop when lie h ~ a r d of (hear 00 the Beat lrs.
i It
2

5 Complete the sentences with an appropriate

verb from the list above.
1 The reporter their lives. 2 The Spice Girls
Lhe

Spice Girls about

5
6

Wannabe on TV and radio. 3 The Beaties two rno~lths in Hamburg. 4 Ringo was the last to the group. 5 Epsteiu did not the Beatles. He managed them.

(rain)when Paul and John (meet) lor lhe I'irsl time. John Lennon (1101 live) wilh his parents when he slarted his band. Paul (join) a group when he was f ifleen. -1 (watch) television when I (hear) the news of John Lennon's death. Emma (work) as at1 actress when she (see) Ltle adverl to join a girl group. Emma (start) to dance when she was
ihree.

Enima (go) to a famous thtatrc school when she was a teenager. 8 The Spice Girls Iwr-itc) Mama (1 love
7
\TI Ll j.

your grammar , improve .................................................................

Simple past and past progressive

9 Geri

(leave) L h e Spice Girls in 1998.

.Talking point
7 Answer as Inany of these questinns as possible.
2

a Look at the examples below and w r ~ t e

1 three examples of the past progressive 2 two examples of the s~mple past used for a completed event in the past 3 two examples o l the 51rnplepast used for a past habit. /t was srlowing heov~ly at the tlme. Epstein spoke to the Beatles while they were waiting to appear. The Spice G~rls lived in the same house far two years Paul played the guitar and piano. The Beotles were playing in The Cavern when Epsteffi saw them for the first time.

1 What i s your favourite group? Why? What arc the rlatnes of the people in

he

group?
3 Where are they from? 4 What did they do hefore they beca~lle Famous? 5 When and where did they meet?

8 Sharr yrnir answers with the class. Which is Lhe mosl popular group? Why?

b
1

Wh~ch example(s) of the past progressive: suggests that an act~on In the past started before another action in the past, and probably

continued after 1t7 2 gives background information about the weather, etc.!

Issue one Part one

f
i

Warm-up
1 Look at the pictures. They illustrate parts of two stories about psychii pets. w h a t do you think happens in the stories?

Listening Q
2 Listen to the staries and see if you guessed
right.

' Improve your grammar

1a

.................**............*.....~.............*...*.....

must/may/mighVcould/can'Vcouldn$t4 have + past participle

We use these constructions when we are speculating or guessing about events in the past. We use must + have + past participle when we believe that something defrn~tely happened in the past. Example He must have known where we were going.

3 Listen again and decide if these statements are true or false.

1 Mary and her dog were in an accident. 2 Mary broke her ribs. 3 Her dog wasn't hurt. 4 The hospital was sixteen kilometres away

5 Mary and her dog went to the hospital in an

ambulance.
6 Felicity sometimes slept with an electric

blanket.
7 Her cat Cuddles usually slept with her.

b We use couid/migh#may + have + past participle when we belleve it was possible t h d something happened in the past, but we are
not sure. Example Rover may have followed the ambu/ance.

Cuddles woke her by licking her legs. 9 When she woke the blanket was on fire.
8
I

4 Do you have an explanation for each of these stories?

c we use can'Vcouldn't + have + past participle

,
;
'

when we belleve that something did not happen, Example Cuddles couldn't have known there was a problem wrth the blanket.

90

Issue ten Part one

Practice
5 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use the word given and up to five other words.

Talking point
8 Work in groups. Read about a famous 'psychic" case. Use m ust/may/might/couldn 't + have + infinitive to talk about the case.

h a mple
It is possible that Rover followed the

ambulance. Rover may have followed the ambulance.

I t i s certain that Rover loved his owner. must Rover his owner. 2 It's not possible that Felicity slept through the smell of the burning.
I

Exampf e Robinson couldn't have known about the Titanic.

couldn't
Felicily
the smell of the burning.
3 It is possible that Cuddles decided to go to Felicity's bed because it was a cold night.

might Cuddles to Felicity's bed because it was a cold night. It i s possible that the smell woke Cuddles before it woke Felicity.

might
5

The smell it woke Felicity. It is almost certain that FeIiciQ gave Cuddles a reward. must Felicity a reward.

Pronunciation
Sentence stress
6 Listen to these sentences.
1

Morgan Robinson was an American sailor and writer. He wrote a book called The Wreck of the Titan in 1898. It i s a story of a British ship that hit an iceberg on its first voyage. This is exactly what happened to the Titanic fourteen years later and the detai Is of Robinson's story are very similar to the real events. Robinson claims he had spirit guides for his writing. Was he guided by spirits or just mad?

She said he must have known where w e were

going.

9 Do you believe in psychic power? Complete the table before discussing the questions in
groups. Do you believe...

2 She said her dog was psychic.

By stressing said the speaker indicates doubt

and disbelief.
7 Listen to these examples. Which ones show

Yes
t that everything has a scientific explanation?
2 in ghosts?
3 some people can see into the future?
4 there are some things we can't explain?

No

greater doubt and disbdief?

she might have been psychic. 2 People said she might have been psychic. 3 Felicity said that she believed that pets could see into the future. 4 Felicity said that she believed that pets could
1 People said
see into the future.

Listen again and repeat.

Issue ten Part one

91

xwz

publish4 Which s ; hw ! sbeen h a l

Do you know the names of the people who live next door to wu? What do you and your family think of your neighbours? Are they friendly/unfriendb h~lpful/unhelpful,
consideratefinconsiderate? Do any of these bather your

British people -hte their neighbours. The result?, alarming. 80% of the p e e who took part in the survey t h a theirmneighbours are inconsiderhle.25% don't talk t o the people w h a . ~ k door t and 10% . y i o l .. p 'heir t ~ names. I n fact; on .. illion Iia~holders in Britain would Iike to move because o f the moale that live next door.
many o f the r

family: doors banging next door? people arguing loudly? loud music from next dosr
o r outside?
4 h e your neighbours typical

"who Iive in flats and d$

which'5n't stop apdiances.
f e UIIlt thp n'

Reading BI i

'

or not?

aces, alru one case, 1 _ ..ch other fc

, . - ..,.. 3 live in the same h*pe hm&talked .

teen years.

complaining about the young. %

neighbour because he kept pa&

n-&er shared a meal Qn9 had n d

2 &ad the text. All the gaps with the wntences beIW Sometimes the

disagreements end in violence, This service is avaiIable in mare and m m towns. Whea neighours become friends thky often hrlp each other. Some disagreements lwt for a long time. The biggesl problem is noise.

Vocabulary
4 Find words i n the text that begin with the fettersin brackets

and mean:
1 frightening and worrying 6...1 2 don't think about other people's feelings C i...I 3 pieces of household equipment Ca...I
4 big and important (rn...I 5 people who try to xttk disagreements (rn...I

3 Do y u have better neighburs than the British or not? Give reasms far your

Improve your grammar .............-...-....-...........I...**............L......a

"..I......

Relative pronouns who, which and that

Who, which and that are relative pronouns Find examples in the text. 1 When do you use who? 2 When do you use whrch? 3 When do you use that?

6 Match a statement from column A with a relative clause from column B. Use who, which, that or whose to form a single sentence.

Example This is the dog that bit my neighbour.

A

Defining and non-defining relative

clauses b ~ o o at k these examples. 1 He is the man who lives next door (Defining) 2 My cousrn Jim, who lives next door, is a policeman (Non-defining) Which one gives us extra, but not absolutely
necessary ~nformatron? Whlch one use.; commas? Why?
Note We can leave out who, that or which when they refer to the objects In defining relative clauses. Example E prefer people I can talk to.

This is the dog The woman 3 Have you met our neighbours 4 This i s the present 5 Is he the man
1 2

wife works in the cafe? lives next door is Welsh. they gave me. bit my neighbour. come from America?

Now write five sentences about the kind of people you would prefer not to have as neigh bours.
Examples I would prefer not to have neigh bours I couldn 't talk to. I would Irate to have netqhbours who were noisy

Relative pronoun whose I've got a r~eighbour whose son is u Iawyer. = I've got a ne~ghbour. His son is a tawyer. We use whose in relative clauses (in place ofhis, her, their, etc.) to lnd~cate possession. Do not confuse whose with who's (= who is or who has).

Listening
7 Mrs Butler and Mrs Cane are neighbours who are having serious problems. Listen. Which of these prnhlems do they mention?

kids playing on the stairs kids playing the drums arguments about parking noise late at night

loud music a noisy motorbike a barking dog people fighting

Practice
5 Do these sentences contain defining or nondefining relative clauses?
1 Most of my neighbours are people who like a
2

8 Imagine that you are a mediator who has been called in to negotiate a settlement. Work in small groups and decide what you would say to the two parties. Share your answers with the class and vote on the best solution.

quiet life. I met Mr Jones,who had just moved in next

Getting Streetwise! H
Seeking information
9 Listen to some people meeting for the first time. Complete the table in your notebook.

door. 3 The man next door. who is really strange. has just won the lottery 4 Mv neighbow never returned the book that he borrowed.

Greeting
Excr~se me! I'd like to

Whichpart
When

H i ! What's

I
I

1
Which speakers are most polite? Why?

And-

Issue ten Part two

93

What areyour pet hates (the things that annoy you mmtE noisy rnotorbikpes? football on televisian? * h*fmwvork? people wlm call you names?

3 One plase-where we e n exprss wr feelings aharrt OW pet liks and dislikes is the letters page rxf a nauqsap~r-r rndwne. Read the I&&, Sent to Mew X&&wi&and answer tihe
quektibns.
I What is the wtral theme trf each

car alarms? people with mobile phoned

f Z Make a Tist of the three things which-annq p u most and ~kar-e them in small g o u p . Try and explain mctly why you dislike them.

c#m~ribUtim?
2 Which d o p u thinkis the mast effective contiibutioh?Why? 3 Do ).au agree with the mrsesparsdents? W%iprnLynot?

; R A W T I DAMAGF -

people have always drawn and their painted on walls. Prehistoric man more painted on tho walls o f caves. for example, and those paintings are* very -L- * m , , , r*-c;J*. ..-q,,.* 4.... LJ

1 1 was shocked when 1 read the article on gqm in

I New S { P ~ Clnue ~ ~ C
Z.

Some politicians have argued that adulthood sbuld b i n at he age OF

'

btdidgt o ^you, t k young pmpk who pint gmfiti on the wills are 'anjst$.A$ h r as I am canted, gmfiti is a ~erious SQC~BI pghlem, It ruirrs the appmm.e of our m s > a n dcitim>and cknlng it up costs a IQE OF mqmy. I ~hiihk aartfcIm tlkc the o r r e wRi<& wppeamd in ysur Wagwine will mly ' e n c d m g e t h d x W&S tE) d o > m k&We&
This

i1

&:me ,arrkle yay shouldn't kwe p~b11shed m d pe~anally II + I Ink: yqu &AwM do another artirk on the &maw dme mffiti:

your writing ,Improve ".. "..'."..""..-.-.~......*-.........-.-.....*........*...*.......

A letter to the editor
You might want to write to a magazine or newspaper for a variety of reasons - to give your opinion, to ask for advice, to share ideas with others, or just to see your name in print. Here are same rules for an effective letter to the editor. Choose a subfectthat you feel strongly about. Avoid repetition. Emphasize one main point. Make a statement about what you want done.

9 Put the parts of the letter into the best order.

T think people should be allowed to dress i n the way they want and be judged on what they are rather than what they wear.
in my experience you need more fhan a fine h k t and good clothes to get a

' 3 -

a
b

Start by summarizing some of the main

arguments against your point of view.

Now state your personal opin~on clearly, and give reasons or facts t o support your opinion.

gmd job.

End by statingyour find cundusior~s.

d These expressions can all be used to introduce ideas from an outside source. They can be used to support your argument or to Introduce the
other side of the argument. According to ... Stlrtistjcs show ... Some people argue that ... Many peop/e think ... It is said that ...

We are told again and again that for some employers good grooming and well-cut clothes are likeIy to be as important as qualifications.

The following expressions can all be used to introduce personal opinions. Personally, Ithink ... Ar far m 1 am concerned ... In my opinion ... I ugree/disagree(witwhat) ... The way I see it, , . .

workA

In Issue 8 you argued that first impressions

are vitd.

Practice
4 Complete the text with the phrases below.

Writing
6 Follow the Improve your writing guidelines. Choose one of the topics in New Streehsise and write a letter in which you make a strong argument for or against the topic.

I disagree with As far as I am concerned Some people argue

(1)

Statistics;show According to

i i i

that people should be free to smoke even though it's bad for their health. (2) these people the right to smoke is more important than the right to have clean air. Well, (3) that. (4) that hundreds of people are killed every year because they breathe other people's cigarette smoke. (5) that is a good enough reasun to ban all cigarettes.

Self check
7 Work in groups. Read the articles. Decide which one has the best argument and why

Issue ten

P M three

9S

bra
Issues
9 and
Third cortditional
Uses 1 To talk ;ibouL an event [hat did not happpn because of the condilion in the if ufausc. As a result, I he third conditional is often used for excus~s.
2 To lalk about a condition

ar revlew
+

~ o r m if+past pt~fect + would + haw pas1 participle Short form: 'd (= h a d ~ w ~ u l d

Must/may/might/could/can't/ couIdn '8 + have 4past participlle

These conslructions arc all used when we are speculating about events in the past.. Uses 1 must + have + past partici~llc is used to talk about something that we hplicve definitely happened, or was true, in the past. 2 r-uuld/may/rr~~ql~ t t have + pii~t pa~ticipl~ itre used when we believe it was possible that something happened in {he past, but we are not sure.

Examples Jf I had had the chance, I would havr told hilrr. != 1 didn't havc the chancy,
so 1 didn't It.11 him, and it's Loo late now.) I would have co111e i f I hadn'l been so bus3 If 1had lived i n the e'igt~trcnth renturj I would h a w worn a wig.

Examples TIIPdog that appeared i r ~

thy hospital rnusl have been psychic.

hat is nnreat because it did not and could nut happen.

Note The jf clause can appear in the SEC-ond part of the sentence No comma it; used.

T ~ P of [he monster could have heen a fake.

Example I wouldn't havc come it' I'd known.

The woman n~ay have been wokrn hv [he smell of smoke. T ~ film P might even haw been run throrigh Ihc.
crlrncra twice.

Second o r third conditional?

The secund cfinditim~al is used to kalk about a hypothetical prescrlt or future situation, or an unreal situation in present or future time. The third conditional is used to talk about unreal ur impossible situations in the past-

3 wn't/cnuldn 't + have t past

participle are used when we believe that some1hing definitely did not happen.

The m ~ c t j t ~ ur gn 'th a w fh~ished - there are still sevm~l peoplc then>. The trick couldn't Jlavc been faked b~cactse lots of
propl~ s a w jl.

Notes

Should/oughb to past spaatieiiple

Uses 1 To talk about an arliun in the past thal was desirahlc. or necessary buI did nnl occlir.
2 The ncgativc expresses a

+ have +
Examples shu'rld ' j l n at the time, b u t I rlidn't.

When the main verb is in the past, mght, and n u t may, should be used.
Jllp

Example thoughf thal it might have been &i?k-cd.

'

ougA'

"Id

n r j '

at

wrong or fclulish action. Note

the tirrle but I didn '1. She shouldn't haw stc~lrw th~' RIwfley

Can't+have + past participlr s u g a s t s that we arc talking abaul an aclion or c3vcntin the past thaL affects something we a t doing or looking a L in the presenl. i C~uldn'L + have .t. past participle refers ollly to the past.

OrlgI~t rwt to have is not used very often.The negalivc form shouldn'l have is morP common.

Use To introducc. defining relal ivc clauses. In defining relative clauses we learn which woman, man, car, etc. the sprakcr is talking about.

Note We U S P who for people. We use which for things. We use that for people and things.

Exanples I spoke to she woman wt~o Whose can be used as a relative pronoun. livcs next door. Llidyc~u see the man that Use Example carnp this momirlg? To lalk about possession. l'vr got an American Thr. car which MG?S parked 11replaceshis,h~r,iheir, ne(ihbourwhosetroliday o~tside belongs ftu my etc. home was burgled. C= I've got neighbour. an American neighbour. His holiday home was burgled.) Note Do not. confuse the relative pronoun whose with who's.

Whose in defining and nore-defining relative clauses

Leaving atit who, which, that Wl~o which , and that can he the subject or object of a defining relatiw clau~c.

Examples Suzannd is the girl who gave mc tll P ring. Here, who is the subjecl. Suzanna gave me the ring.

Grammar ~ r a c t i c e
1 Complete the sentences with an appropriale form of the verb in brackel s.

Suzanllc?is the girl ~ 1 1 0 we saw Idst week. Here, who is Lhe object. We saw Suzanna.

When rvho, (hat or whiirh are objects, we often leave them out.
Examples Suzanna is I he girl w e met b s t wcek. Thafmanistf1en~~~hbour1invitc.dtoIunch. We cannot leave out 14h0, which or f ha1 when they are subjects.

Example If I had had (have) Lhe time, I'd have gone to see them. I wnukch't have gone (not go) to Switzerland if 1 had known that it was so expensive.
1 1 wouldn't have looked at Lhe questions i C they

W h o and which in nun-deflning relative c l a u s e s

Use To inlroduce non-defining relative clauses. Non-defining relative clauses givc3us extra, but not absolutely necessary information. Example Kale's sistcr, w h o is 1 wenv-one, lives next door tome. (We know we are talking about Kate's sister. The age is additional in formation.

(not be) on Lhe desk. 2 -1 (buy) you a present if I had known that it was your birthday - (no1 leave) so early if my father hadn't made 3 1 me. 4 What You (do) if you had been him? 5 1 wouldn't have helped hini i i you (not ask) me. 6 Do you think h p (help) you if you hadn't known him?
2 Rewrite these sentences using the verb in brackets.

Notes Non-derining relative rlitusus are more common in formal wriling Ihan in speech. T ~ non-defining P relative dause is separated from Lhp rust o f the sentence by commas. We da not use the rela1ive pronoun [hat in non-defining relalive clauses. We cannot luavc out who or which in nun-defining reIative clauses.

Examples Perhaps his car broke down. (mighL) His car might have broken down.
Perhaps it belongs to him. (may) rt may belong tu him.
1 2

3 4

5
6

7
8

Perhaps it was a ghost. (might) Perhaps it is a spaceship. (may) Perhaps they are going tomorrow. (might) Perhaps she didn't see them. (may Perhaps it will rain on Sunday (might) Perhiips it rained last night. (might) Perhaps hc has lerl elready (mal,) Perhaps he forgol to give it to him. (might)

3 Rewrite these sentences, using n rclalive clause, to include the extra information in brackets. 'l'he relative clausc may co~llc in Ihe middle or at the end of the sentence. Do nol. forget to includc the appropriate commas.

Examples
Sarah's mother is very busy (She is a doctor.) S;IT;I h :s mother, who is a rlorl or, is very busy S11c gal7em c a chocolate. (I ate it irnm~dialely.) Shc _gave me a chocolate, e,rvhich I ate irnmediateiy
I My uncle gave me a cornputc,r lor iny birthday. (He is \?cry rich.) 2 My aunt took me to Bondi bearh. (It is near Sydney.) 3 His girlfriend hates wearing make-up. (She is thirteen.)

dark because nrc painted it bhie. 8 Suzanne fell asleep in class today. She went to bed very lale. 9 A hoy four~d a wallet on thc slreei. 1 le lcept it. 1 0 He lcft home late, and hc missed the train.
7 The classrool~l looks vcry

3 Malch Lhe statements in the columns L o rnake seiit.ences.

Example
1 -r?

John saw a brjgh ( ligh i in the s b whir11 may Ilave been

a

spaceship.
a) \vhich niay have been

I John saw a bright

2
3
4

Our class Leather always smiles a lot. (S11c is vcry nice.) 5 Chinese is the nlost spokrn larlguage in the world. (Chinese has over 700,000,000 speakers.) 6 That jacket is made in EngIand. (1 wore it for Iht=disco.)
4

1 Say what kvould or wouldn't have happened in Ihese situations.

ExampIe

6
7

Alan left his camera on a cai6 [able. It was stolen. If Alan hadn't left his c;lmc.r;j o n a cat? table, it woulrin'i have b ~ e stolen. n
1 2

liyht in Ihe sky w h e n I got thcre the house was dark The man who 1 saw in Lhe car park The people who arc buried here 1 lhink he must have bough1 a new bicycle There were so many prople Lhere H c wouldn't have gone alone 1 saw Lwo dogs

spaceship. b) may havc bee11 Peter's father. C) which might havc been my ntlighbour's. d1 that someone must have seen the robbery C) so hc. rxl~~sl. have gone with her. f ) because Lhc one he has looks very new g1 rx~ayhave lived five hundred years ago. h) so they ~rlust have gone ouL.

3
4

5
6

7
8

The exam was important. He tried to cheal. Lisa didn't pul her c n n c ~ rticket t in a sake place. She lost it. Andrew lcft his sunglasses on the floor. Janel stepped on them. Jill worked vcry hard. She passed all her warns. Mark didn't get sunburnt at the beach. H e wore a hat and T-shirt. 1 picked up her book by mistakt,. I L didn't have her rlarrle on it. My team lost the match. Our best player didn't play She was late for school. Her alarrn clock didn't work.

4 Join I he two sentences using whose.

Example I have a good frirnd. t-[isf'athcr is a policenictn. I havc a good friend whose father is a policen~an.
1 Thnl's Mary. Her sistcr was laken ill at scl~ool.
2

Isn't he Lhe one? His brothcxr is a pop star. teacher.

3 Wha~ was the name of thc girl? Her bicvcle ~ v a s stnlen. 4 I went on h o l i d ; ~ with a Irierld. His uncle is an English

5 That's the boy. His brother Leaches me karate.

6 Who is that man? His car i s oul side.

7 This is Mrs Brown. You mrJLh r r daughter.

2 Write a scntencc ;iboui each of these situations, using should(l~ 'tl or oughl to I~ar~e + past participle. More

than unc answcr might hp possible.

Example Yesterday was a school day. Maria went to Lhr cirierna. Shc shorrl(1 h a v ~ p n to c school. She shoukln'l h a v e g o ~ ~ to c the cirl~ma.
I I
2

8 Aren't you thc. boy? Your parents were born in Australia. 9 1 mct hvo tourisls. Their car. had been stolen. 10 That's my uncle. His c a l w o r ~ first prize in a

cotnpctition.

3 4

5 6

railed n1y exams. I didn'l work very hard. Helen ~vetlt to the d i s ~ uShe . didn't tell her parents. Alex almost drowned. Hc had a large meal before he went swimming. 1 was vcry thirsty I didn't take anylhing to drink. Alice is not going to Ihe rnalch. 'l'here are no tickets left. Atlgcla was very upsd brcause \ire forgot to invite her to the party
Grammar practice

Electricity, m m r vehicles atld the aeroplane are recent inventions. Thrre rnay he people in your family who have reinember lifc, without these. Irrlaginc what life w t ~ l d been like before Lheir ii~vention, and write a1 least five sentences for each.
Examples We ruorrldn't have heen ahle lo listen to cassc~cs. I would ha\/(: Ilad to read by candIcligI~t.

98

Issue

Taking risks

Why do some people like to show off?

I The future

Do you think life in the future will be better or worse?

.( A day in the life of ...

'How r Id you der