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Computer Organization
01
Introduction Computer Evolution & Performance
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Slide 2
KONTRAK PERKULIAHAN
Link to Dokumen Kontrak Perkuliahan
Materi kuliah dan praktikum dapat diunduh dari LMS
Enrolement key untuk LMS: orkom1p8genap1314
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Slide 3
addition?
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Slide 4
architecture
This gives code compatibility
At least backwards (with some notes)
Virtual machine?
Emulator?
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Slide 5
other
Function is the operation of individual components as part of
the structure
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Slide 6
Function
All computer functions are:
Data processing
Data storage
Data movement
Control
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Slide 7
Functional View
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Operation (d)
Processing from storage to I/O
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Slide 12
Computer
Central
Processing
Unit
Computer
Main
Memory
Systems
Interconnection
Input
Output
Communication
lines
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Slide 14
Arithmetic
and
Logic Unit
Registers
I/O
System
Bus
Memory
CPU
Internal CPU
Interconnection
Control
Unit
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Slide 15
Sequencing
Logic
ALU
Internal
Bus
Registers
Control
Unit
Control Unit
Registers and
Decoders
Control
Memory
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Slide 16
University of Pennsylvania
Trajectory tables for weapons
Started 1943
Finished 1946
Too late for war effort
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Slide 17
ENIAC - details
Decimal (not binary)
20 accumulators of 10 digits
Programmed manually by switches
18,000 vacuum tubes
30 tons
1,800 square feet (167.225 m2)
140 kW power consumption
5,000 additions per second (faster than other mechanical
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Slide 18
von Neumann/Turing
Stored Program concept
executing
Input and output equipment operated by control unit
Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies
IAS
Completed 1952
Prototype for all other general purpose computers
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Slide 19
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Slide 20
IAS - details
1000 memory space (words) x 40 bit
Binary number
Number bits: 1 sign bit and 39 value bits
Instruction bits: 2 x 20 instruction
8 opcode or operating code to specify the operation
12 address bits
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Slide 21
Structure of IAS
detail
Memory Buffer Register
(MBR)
Memory Address Register
(MAR)
Instruction Register (IR)
Instruction Buffer Register
(IBR)
Program Counter (PC)
Accumulator (AC)
Multiplier Quotient (MQ)
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Slide 22
Commercial Computers
1947 - Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation
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Slide 23
IBM
Punched-card processing equipment
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Slide 26
interconnections
These can be manufactured on a semiconductor
e.g. silicon wafer
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Slide 27
Moores Law
Increased density of components on chip
higher performance
Smaller size gives increased flexibility
Reduced power and cooling requirements
Fewer interconnections increases reliability
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Slide 31
DEC PDP-8
1964
First minicomputer
Did not need air conditioned room
Small enough to sit on a lab bench
$16,000
$100k+ for IBM 360
Manufacturers)
BUS STRUCTURE
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Slide 32
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Slide 33
Much faster than core, but price per bit was higher than core
Capacity approximately doubles each year price per bit
decreased significantly
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Slide 34
Intel: Microprocessor
1971 Intel 4004
First microprocessor
All CPU components on a single chip
4 bit
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Slide 35
Speeding it up
Pipelining
On board cache
On board L1 & L2 cache
Branch prediction
Data flow analysis
Speculative execution
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Slide 36
Performance Balance
Processor speed increased
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Slide 38
Solutions
Increase number of bits retrieved at one time
Make DRAM wider rather than deeper
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Slide 41
Main memory
I/O devices
Interconnection structures
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Slide 44
80286
16 MByte memory addressable
80386
32 bit
Support multitasking
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Slide 45
Pentium
Superscalar
Multiple instructions executed in parallel
Pentium Pro
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Slide 46
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Slide 47
Summary
Generations of Computer
Vacuum tube - 1946-1957
Transistor - 1958-1964
Small scale integration - 1965 on
Up to 100 devices on a chip
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Slide 48
Tugas 1: Benchmark
Pelajari:
Processor time,T
MIPS rate
MFLOPS rate
Ratio of reference run-time to the system run
time
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Slide 49
Tugas 1: Benchmark
Bandingkan 2 komputer dengan spesifikasi yang berbeda
Baca contoh-contoh software perbandingan di
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Slide 50
References
Stallings W., Computer Organization and Architecture, 9th
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