————eE ee Deoband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of India FARHATTABASSUMPubl by JAMIAT ULAMA--HIND 4 Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg ‘New Delis{10002 nssasation mith MANAK 187, Sarasvaati Complex Subhash Chowk, Tani Nagar Nese De-10092 ‘Phone: 2265359, 22012529 E-mail: anak publeationsthotmall.cmn Website: worvaanakpblieations.com All git reser © Author 2006 [No pat ofthis pobiletion may be produced os transmitted. ‘Evang form orby any mean, electronic or mechanical fecluding photocopying recording or any information ‘orage and reneval system, winout permission Tn writing from the publisher ISENSLTEU74073 Lae by ‘Sudhir Kumar Vatea . FOREWORD Recent advancement in the field of science and technology. has brought about radical changes in the field of history and historiography. Of late subultern studies and microscopic historical analysis of the issues and events that were left out atthe periphery are brought out to the centre. The objectis to lunderscore discourses anid contribution of marginality. The present book is an excellent example of such case that aims an understanding the complex role played by ulemas in the freedom struggle. Muslims as we all know, constitute the largest minority of the country and ulemas are known for their noticeable contribution in the socio-cultural, political, historical and rligio-philosophical spheres ofthe country. The contribution made by the ulemas, however, have either been relegated to the negligible margins in the pages of history or are ruthlessly ignored. Deoband ulemas and their work have been victims of crass political negligence. The present study gives and evidence of being attuned to the recent trends in the field of history, historiosraphy and other allied branches‘vi Deoband-Ulena’s Mocement forthe Fredo of dia she values of national integgity and communal harmony: Mets ve wavering commitment, purity and sincerity of their ree anand wide range oftheir scholarship had an enthralling ine nfrences on masses, Ther seiiess and disinterested eee Ship infused aspintof nationalism and promoted aes emeetherness amongst the masses. Their writing 296 coches acquainted the indigenous people of the forege ‘Pftwation, usurpation and exploitation. People learn to resist and retaliate “Tae study highlight the role of whemas in Indian pottics etween 1997 and 1947 with strong support of Maulans eeieond-ul Hasan, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi, Maula En Nanawtavi The study microscopically takes ‘780 Ose the multidimensional personality of the wlemas, their aStigulsing political contribution in terms oftheir Soe et ent ike "Khaksar movernent” of Maulana Inayatlly Seep and their proximity to the Gandhian philosophy 204 arses of his support to the Indian National Congress 2is0 Roshan Rumal Movement” etc. The author pln t=8ing ease raye no corner oftheir achievement unicidated ang fring in to assesment the chief contribution of the Wem bring inf chomaticaly ignored by the dominant stream of Tea ietlectuals and historians motivated by thelr ulterior Ae foes, She has very systematically fllowed interdisciplinary st eejology 20 that a credible dimension is attributed oe! dy, As a awaken scholas, pretty sensitive to the resen Sek cae in the diferent discipline, she as made fe bet cr rareforts to highlight the nationalist discourses of #6 Sinead Ulemas in general and the selected ulemas i= Pact Ther marginal #8 cantalize inthis stud: Te Pay also makes certain revealing remarks regarding he se hoddony of religious ceteredness ofthe endeavors of Wose arena Jad authenticated her statements by supporting o id authentic thinker, politician and historians temas the book convincingly and authentically prese ulemas.s a word of appreciation and cause for # serious ittention. Thus Lind of fair and unbiased approach, Lar sure, would pana fesh avences to approach te sincere fnvolvesent of open & ginal comavunities and theiz contribution tothe nation te me deliberately side-tracked or denigrate by the that Wat intellectual statuture of te Indian society. Afterall domi gure indebtedness to Our precursors irrespective oftheir Biigion caste or ceed, for their devotion, dedication and felfless sacrifices padsuddin Tyabji Marg DN. Ishaq Jamkhanawala 92, DN. Rosd, President ‘Mumibai-s00001 Anjuman-Hslam Former Minister for Wakf & Labout, ‘Maharashtra StateAUTHORS NOTE In India, or for that matter in any part of the world, ulema have always been criticized for ane or the other teason. Sometimes they aze accused of hurling the gullible followers | into the dark alleys of outdated customs and traditions Sometimes they are blamed for preaching bigotry and extremism. They are even accused of preaching hatred and | violence at the drop of a hat. But if one peeps into their lives | and their mission, one can easily find that they are actualy | torch bearers of peace and communal harmony and all the | charges against them are uncalled for. Ulema always strived | for unity and peaceful co-existence. It i only the mistrust | among various communities that creates all the troubles and! ‘needs tobe corrected. Through this book, [have tried to bring the lives and works of some of the renowned ulemas alive before the readers, so thatthe misunderstanding about them could be removed and thei less knawn role in the country’s freedom struggle is brought to Limelight T would like to take this opportunity to express deep sratitade to Dr. Mitza Mohd Khizar, my teacher, Maulana Asad Madani, President, Jamiat Ulems-i- Hind; Maulana Mehmood Asad Madani, General Secretary, Jamiat Ulemai-sc Desa Utema's Movement for the Freed of Iris Hussain Education Society & President, Jamiat Olen, Hussain Bay father Mr. MLN. Siddiqui, Me, Tilawet 81: wane t Raber bducation Society, M/s. Manak Publications ae eal for their valuable assistance in this task. 1 20 Petal protefal to Dr M, Ishaq Jambanswvala, Pesiier Seman tilam andl Former Minister Maharashar sm for AnjumarCeenond to tus book, T would alo like fo Har wr eF ansiddigul ny husband without is help cove ®o8 ae eecpapleted the ob. Finally Tam elo indebted fo yemesoot eae ord colleagues who have assisted me in this work aes special thanks to Barbara Daly Metalf,Dovging 2 Hendeeon aroogui Zia Uk Hasan and Gulran Ahmed for dence protograpts [have reproduced from their sources (Dr Farhat Tabassum Head, Department of History ‘sir Sayyed College, ‘Aucangabad [Maharashtra] CONTENTS Foreword Authors Note Introduction ‘Ulema’s RevolutionaryMovements of the 18th, 19th and 20th Centuries Dar-ul-Uloom, Deoband: {A Revolutionary Organisation Nadwatul-Ulema Movement Shaikh-ul-Hiind Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan and His Disciples ‘Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi Maulana Hussain Alamed Madani ‘Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and ‘the Indian National Movement ‘onclusion 2 9 14 138 18 1811 INTRODUCTION One of the important aspects of the history of Indian Nationalist Movement is the role played by the Ulema (Gcholats) in the liberation of the country. However, itis tunfortunate that their role has rarely been appreciated. Consequently, a number of Ulema who made significant contribution towards freedom movement have remained in Obscurity, Moreover, there has been a trend to brand Muslims as separatists and natural supporters of the Muslim. “League in toto, The general distrust of the entire Muslim community before and even after the Partition has largely fesulted in the segregation of the Muslims from the mainstream. It may be mentioned here that Muslims have been living im India for the past 1000 years. It would be wrong to say that they do not have any love or attachment for the country of theiz birth or that they choose to stay aloof from the mainstream politics because they do not believe in the possibility of co-existence with people not follovring their faith. It is tue that the political activities of the Muslim League gave the impression that Muslims lid not retain any trust in the governance of the majority re ae ne12 Dechand Ulema’s Movement for the Peaows of Iria distortion of religion. Islam does not encourage separatist aasvom eather, it preaches religious harmony and restrain Sts Aalorners frown degrading other religions. Besides, it enjoins toni faithfulstorendes selfless service for heir rather’ pon ter which land they belong to. But the Leagues ‘hidosopy was ot derived from original Islami sources, On Pacer), the League wes a conglomerate of power-hungry ‘Slane with innah acting sorelike an advocate fora sr aeesnof elite Muslims, rather than a responsible leader of the entize community? Trin intevesting fo note that even dung the period when the League was making forays into the Muslim society, several Tesponsibie Mudim leaders, inchuding the Ulema alerted Me Deppe to the dangerous designs of the League, Referens 9 Peer to the role of Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madani, who pe tae whole hog to castigate the League for is divisive Propremmes, Madani made it clear umpteen times Ws eeaeretre, how and wiry it was important for the Mastims to ght aginst Baitahers along with their Hindu broth for Ger ndependence of the country. He discouraged Muslims “uot fling prey 10 the communal agenda of the Loner: ah he believed, would bring untold harm to the entire community ‘Mention may also bé made to the role of Maulane Mehmeod-ul-Hasan and his student, Moulana Obaidullah SEER both of whom devoted thei lives for the cause of Procdom of the nation. Starting his career as a teacher af see soma, Mehmood-ul-Hasan evolved into an inspiring eeotationary. He sent his student, Maulana Obaidulah Shadi to Kabul to coordinate the revolutionary activities thote against the British He himself went to Saudi Aria aoe We same purpose but his mission did not fructify there Yue to the reasons, discussed in detail separately. Sindhi's due to the rarvolationary activities was systematic and Introduction 3 cidnt approve of Gand’ pprondl tat seemed oi ated bn myths and superstitions, Sindhi upheld the {owt of giving poll recognition to all commie, Pe he thought Ht wa5 necesary to bring about unity of action SMe Ulema not only participated inthe freedom movement, but aco led it from the front and made numerous sacrifices tar he motherland. Before going into details, it would be for eto understand the meaning and postion of ulema ‘within Islam. sane ie The word Ulema isa plural of Ali (cholas) and refers to snot wate el ee ne knowin Guan peste of allah and Hadeeth-—the record of sayings and deeds ‘of the Prophet Muhammad. ee “The Liema thus have a great importance in the Muslim community They are called he heirs of the Prophet. Their Gio ua importance is established by éhe historic statement one other than the Prophet himselé, While addressing the Bi pust congregation on the occasion Hajjat-ul-Vida (he Pauper list Ha), the Prophet asked whether he hadn't Conveyed the Quran'in flo ain vealed by Allah ESeryene replied in affirmative, The, wile urging all hose pov fst tn tha he eer a Ss 20 Frophet would be born to guide the mankind thenceforth The Qui‘an and Hadeeths be conveyed to those who were Absent and unaware of them WT alae poscton the cx stared eon of spreading islam sight from the moment the Prophet wierd ttn te do sb. Acturly, these people and those $chevers who had seen the Prophet even once in thei ifetime form the respected group of Sehabas (Companions of the Prophet) An those who had seen Sahabasis the second group laoven ao Tabeyeen, followed by Tabe-Tabeyeen and finaly Comes the tum of Ulema. Each of the above groups has ee4 Devband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedont of India con the work and ultimately the responsibility fell on the Shoulders of the Ulema, In other words, the Ulema became the last heirs of the Prophet AS ihe Qui‘an is expounded in Arabic language and conteins the commandments of the Creator in the mst concise form, common man cannot comprehend them easily. One needs Crhuve a thorough knowledge of Arabic language, Hadeeth, Telamie jurisprudence and Islamic history to interpret and ‘Explain ts verses accurately Sometimes, even the mos! lezmed SPM fhe Ulema commit mistakes in this respect. Different thtexpretations ofa single word ‘Qaum’ by Allama Iqbal and Madhana Flussain Ahmed Madi can be cited as an instance i. this context Tabal infersed the meaning of the word “Qaum’ as 2 natichality based on one religion. According to him nationality founded upon race, language oF territory is Thncceptable anc causes great misfortune and trouble: He casleved that territorial nationality is against the concept of Islam* ‘On the contrary, Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madani proved. that the word ‘Qautn’ denotes, among other things, any BFOUP cree tana women bound together in the pursuit of common. Surpose, which may not necessarily be religion. He gave Pee pes ofthe common nationalities ofthe prophets nd thelr Snbelieving people eg,, Prophet and the Quraish to prove his Boint, He also gave another example in support of his po vteagon that She Prophet once united the Jewish tibes of Madina with his Muslim followers by a solemn covenant to fight against the pagan Arabs, who were preparing fo attack Afsaine The terms of the agreement were that each party auld be free to follow its own religion, but in all other wroters the Muslims and the Jews would be regarded as one community. AMUNItY. cain Ahmed Madani also rejected Maulana Introduction 5 definite views on the formation of the free and undivided India. They can be enumerated as follows 1. ‘The Indian State shall be a republic and its President shall be chosen by election, He will exercise the supreme executive authority® 2, In the Central Government, the Mustims will be in a minority, but their religious, political and economic Tights will be protected. The Centre will deal with @ limited number of subjects, namely defence, foreign affairs, communications, transport and finance. The ‘remaining subjects will be provincial. The provincial governments will deal with the religious affais* 3, Education will be a provincial subject. 4. Muslim canonical law (Sharia!) or Muslim criminal aw ‘will not be enforced." 5, The organisation of government will be on the basis of partnership of various communities ‘The above example of Iqhsl and Maududi proves beyond doubt that there is a poasblty of wrong interpretation of Quranic verses It also proves how important the role of ‘Thema’ isin the interpretation of Qur'an. As mentioned tau the ‘lesa’ ar the last hts ofthe Prophet entrusted foth the responsiblity of guiding the people right from the rae to the grave, A slightest eror ean ell caaser As Stch no one can deny the necessity of good Ulema as well as religious schools (madras). "However it wll be travesty of truth if we don't recall ‘Allama Iqbal’ views onthe Parton He unequivocally said that his views on nationality didn't mean that they were in Support ofthe country’s division "Alter the creation of Pakistan Iqbal was halled as its rentor becase in his presidential address tothe League in 19308 he had advocated the formation of consolidated eles marhonat ene, Bett this according 10 iabal wes 066 Deohand Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of India sists will get majority rights in five out of eleven Indian, ‘Mitinces with fll resduary powers and one-third share of Poi he total in the howe ofthe Federal Asser.” again in is ter oT Times London, dated Ob 12 soot iba efuted the charge made bythe Bots ourralist roar Strompoon, tat he was endangering the defence ofthe Eaves by aang forthe avision of Tada. Ighl explained: count BY edistdbution of India into provinces with effective aden of ene community ox another om ines #8 advoeated doth by the Nehew and Simon Reports." According to Islam, 2 trae Mustim can and should never be JMuoval t his country. eis quite another issue that 2 few SHESTR teaders and the Ulema, basing their standpoint on the wnterpretation of the Qui‘an, came up with a eo-nation Jory and managed to mislead the gullible masses, According easton, believers cannot co-exist with non-believers to form, » antted society or state, Apart from such proponents OF aeperatism, the British policy of divide and rule played ¢ separa role in the partition ofthe country. Besides, the political we Slerchip was also responsible for the Himalayan Blinder of dividing the county. Meine don remains an agonising episode in the political and socis! life of India. But after independence, itis the sacred Shaty of every Indian to forget the past and look forward Guy lasek will be a travesty of the truth, if the credit of fede is attrbuted toa particular class or a community: A TeSinao respective of case, creed or religion participated in the country’s freedom stniggle. The Netional Movement was a collective effort "Reverting to the subject, the ulema’s contribution in the seeedom struggle is commendable as sen from several angles see tt of the Ulema who participated in the nationalist Fale isindeed very long. However names of he six Ulems SeBE anding and Geserve special mention here because of aheis exemplary contribution to the freedom movement. They eer ge: Maulana Qasim Nanawtawi, Shaiklvul-Hind Maulana Nehenood-ul-Hasan, Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi, Maulang vere Anmed Madani, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, and Maulana Muhammad Ali Jauhar. Introduction 7 In adtion to this a study of the brief history of D . jf history of Darul oti Deoband, Which was established to impart teachings Uti. i ndlgperosble fr a proper understanding of howe ceagasis moulded the outioak ofthe Ulema on national “The Desband School basically aimed at preserving the inane velues from the corrupting influence of the West, Je Sy Baten" lgen Blah srl wes obvious itary Pues its support to the Indian National Congress 1s one seeproeampe. ih fac, Maulana Qasim Nana founded RoR Scott counter the Bash design on olin Slats after the Sepoy Mutiny f 1857. The Muslin soit, Maid was in ttters lowing the Beish crackdown sfet the Mutiny, newded leadership to tide over is social and (eine eres Mana asin fought tat an nttton tke Fhe Deoband School could full the social and political muting hacen an Reba a2 wo fo revrttolsamand csigat the Bish maybe poited ut that dhe Deobend School remained anblnetical fo he iceas Cf'srfayyed Ahmed Khan and conseguery tothe Abgarh Steal cA a the reasons for this wes Sir Sayyed’s proximity the Britsh and hs predilection to western slen site Br to western seniic While i is tru thatthe ant-British bend of Desbandi sigicanly contrbuted fo creating Muslin rvelaionaies Te Mulan Mekaoed Hassan aulana Sina and other the Deoband School itself was far from revolutionary as such, Is nationale was more of a negativist response than gest programme of acon. rapa te Indian tional Congress ate tie when the Congress ite was hardly antieiishe"t could not reconcile itself the modems of Si Sayyed because chose to brand Sr Sayyed soe oft Beh witout cite ssn elev Gide Soja thug Mosrimprtany aid aos csoalled evs of the western citsaton beyond etiiing pola ae of Bah nn tm caro lan so infeed pita nd inlet conten the religious ideal of the Deaband School. “e8 Dechand Ulema’s Movement for the F Nevertheless, the Deoband School produced 1h¢ co eee Siema, However, if this school cow's revolutionaey esue of reconciling Tsiam with nations? epitations from the beginning, which Mehnood-ul-Fiasan weed at nlter stage, i role in the freedom, struggle srould have had wider ramifications sApaat own the Muslin revolutonsres belong. the ech adSthoal allusion may alsobe maieto the contract aecanigher Muslim revolutionaries. A prominent ome us segard sof Inayatullah Khan Mashrig whe initiated a this coger Hed the Khaksar Movement Inte in 1991. Based Tove ot Nezism and Fascism, Khakoar Schock temps on thee Muslim youth from the shackles of frustrate to ce sand ainlesaness- Interestingly, the moverners eS Cisse othe Mislins alone, Dut open #0 the felon not conflons. The overwhelming response that tis ser of al etonent receives could also be ascribed t the 0% lived moveiike Syed Raza Abi, Dr Ziauddin Ahmed, AES of leaders Shah, se Sikander Hayat Khan, Mauls 9s Cans Khan Bahadur and Masiara Zafer ARKO" Ca alsar School disapproved of a Gandhian co}s2o% opebties Theschoo did advocate violence a8 PoP to poics Trefinn rom advocating its use ether when 08et Gptions file. The iets of Ktaksss Sto! eee secular and oPriclwhich was why perhaps pslosophy find Brocin rtnodox section of Muslims. Inayatulah O90 favour Wjuently dubbed as materialistic and even an afb ae ug ioouedfatees agaist Nim. and as 9 Som ent died a natural death. Nevertheless, Krak the movement eft an indelel impression on he Mistry of mov ema aia Atone time, it hd as many 28 15,00000 (Pec modes vated members fom various commuriies rad tovtake on the might of the British. © Britis. ies were Ali brothers— ——<— Introduction 9 Gora, Maslana Mohammed ALL wanted to 7 waned to provide ase Cor Mae nationalist movement. From Tike least the base of moss contac Hs unswerving faith in the of Cann ly dine ty methane among .ers, he became closer to Gandhiji in the 7 Cooperation Movement. ae Te ctnad Ail aurched the Khiafat Movement, which ad al as orl a5 polclimpliation, Socal aimed at binging togethey the Ulema and the Western aime Sm yout: Mohamed Ail thought tat ce Mat es and pome Indian Telepeenee “CEL Toy malt Stacking eth rl pect ihe British’s divisive policies in Turkey, which was Islamic Khalifa* " a seat of Moturamed Ali forwarded an argument that any for irre in key emountd to iets ihe ipower Mente sines Tukey astern ger anes power of lam. He wanted to maintain the Kailafat of Turkey asthe effective religious organisation. ie aor though the Kiafot Movement to mobilise windsor againet Ove Bosh in nda, Te succeeded f0 8 stn ee Sol he at an tay orem couse na wot Hd sin ey a ed oes ne of he Eo etent io the han of Gandhi. twas perhaps the ot port sap nthe det of iy of people rd acon errs snag uns atl been ovo fay cad nf he en Psd In un wy org ay te aco pes on be posal oon st id eng GFaian Ren Matagae Aitnhe Congress: mae Gand formmaking ass of peopi’s mUR rhe afr Movement wt oncot the ett10 Desband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of Inia ‘and content, having litle to do with Turkey, is proved by the het that when Mustafa Kamal Pasha chose to abolish Khilafat ae nch, there was hardly any protest from those who had 2 into such a sensitive issue against the British in India ‘Moharened Ali stood for the complete freedom for all communities, He even had differences with Gandhifji on this corn ecause he felt that at times “Gandhi behaved as though RevWas fighting for the freedom of the only majority re nity, making the 70 million Muslims dependent on the Hindus Mahasabha.” itis usually believed that Mohammed Ali tured 2 ccommunatist after the end of the Khilafat Movement. This is, Jemever not tue. According to Dr: Moin Shakis** nationalism peti is not and has never been a concept with a definite mecning, which was accepted by all the leaders of all the ae munites, Mohamuned Ali thought of nationalism as means steniove independence ofthe country, which simultaneously: fpuaranteed freedom for all communities from the fear of domination, NOTES 1. Refig Zakaria (200%), The Man WI Popular Prakashan, Delhi 2, hsana Syed Mohammed Miyan (3970) Asivane Mats, . 171, ‘Al Jamiat Book Depot, Dal 3. Wid 3 I yu Salman Shabjahanpul, Shaith-ul-Hind Maulana Pe jonead al Haan Deobed: Ek Siyesi Mulla, p. 4, Mase eadgar Shaikh-w-lslam, Pakistan Chowk, Karachi 5, Mant’ Shakir (1970), Khilfet fo Partition, p. 47, Kelmakar Prakashan, Deli, June Cee (972) History of Freedom Movement in Indi, Vo, 3p'250.260, Ministry of Information & Broadcsting Coecmanent of India, New Del. +7, Soha kone (1992), nde Muslin inthe Paitin of Ei PP pot-2e2, Atlantic Publishers & Disteibutoss, Delhi 8, Malana Syed Mohamned Miyan (976), Op. cit, p- 88 9. Di, pp. 49-150 Divided ida, pp. 77-78, Introduction tid, p50 tid, p51 Be Reig Zakaca (001), The Man Who Divided Indi Popular Prakashan, Delhi. ents 13, Bi 1 Bi 15. Bil XE, Bacbora Daly Metal, amie Revi! British nda, p93, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. ve vr. Mee Syl Mohamed Mian Ulmer Ue “Mujahedana Karname, Vol. I p. 47, Al Jamiat Book th 18. Ibid., p. 94. e x aa 15, Obsigullah Fuad Falabi (1996), hbresk«-Dase-wa eh p.190, Hindustan Publications, Deb cata zo. fi Bh 2 De SMa 997), Op tp 258 23. Ibid., p. 162. aoe 2A, De Moin Shaki (1970), Op. ct, p. 85.2 ULEMAS REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENTS OF THE 18TH, 19TH AND 20TH! CENTURIES (1) FARAIZI MOVEMENT tan wile sake manyrdom of Hyder Al and Tp Sal Ad at ack Ue Mash tect DE rein he Be et gee ages eo ul ce cy are Jn of Tien sultan’ ‘movement came into existence,’ sein eon 4 ese Tip Suan’ made gn for inaependeee shh tend 9500) eso Saar Sasol erm van aa bv Fouls © eng (EE one morenen™ = ‘re (ordeal se ovement fonts were made we 8a Fg en at oe Aa ter es echoed, sleolines one ve to break the age-old tuition of saint dace eter tea een laches andre place Se conn of ace Nes Ltema’s Revolutionary Movements of hea. 13 conformity with Islamic teachings” and drew attention of the feople to their fundamental duties. ‘The Movement declared a war against untouchability and iscrimination on the basis of caste, creed, and colour as they re against the tenets of the Qur'an? There was a great level nity and equality among the members of this Movement. ‘and hence It kept on consolidating its base among the fackward and downtrodden people because ofits principles of equality “Apart from the reformation work, the Movement infused the spit of aad against the foreign rulers. Shariatullah once declared that it was an obligation on the part ofall Muslims fo wage a war against the aggressors. With the announcement fof this decree on war, more people, especially farmers and Jabourets, joined the Movement. Though a war could not be waged during the Lifetime of Shariatullah, his son Hafez Muhamninad Mohsin (1819-1862)' completed his father's ‘unfinished task and further strengthened the Movement. ‘After the death of his father in the year 1840," Mohsin, who was affectionately known as Daudu Miyan, gave a new ‘logan of Al-Arzallah (which means Allah’s earth). He declared. hat itis Allah’s earth and nobody can rule it by virtue of a legacy. The British rulers had no right to collect lagaan (tax) fom farmers and therefore exhorted the people to resist the government and landlords collecting the unjust tax. Though this announcement about lagaan won many friends and supporters for the Movement, italso turned many pro-British Hindu landlords hostile Daudu Miyan was implicated in false cases time and again He was charged sith house thefts in 1838, murder in 1841¢ and vas also arrested for holding public meeting without permission in 1844, Again in 1846, he was arrested on the Charges of kidnapping and murder. But each time, he was released and declared innocent Contrary to the government's expectations, all those{A Desbond Ulema’s Movement fr the Freedom of India reat eres ome nohatranet ta ne ra Ne Be NA em sts oe eee ta ors Seen ok he i ne ee serene oo ee a ka oO OPE em augh, hey started interfering in religious i Feo te cs gd caectn Kan oy Fe nt ce serens ate ots ica ey ES ae CS ge ie Ce eet Ne Suite he se 8 Baa “Beh a a ee cn nce ee cat lara Gla Riso Mabe ns back Sit ———— Ulema’s Revolutionary Movements ofthe. 15 (2) REVOLUTIONARY MOVEMENT OF MAULANA ‘QASIM NANAWTAWI Nanawtawi and Darul-Uloor, Deoband, are so interelated Shut the sy of one cools sell be the sic of the oer Maulana Qasim Nanaortawi was born in the year 1899" in Nanawaw vlage of Saher ditt, in Utar Pradesh = Fs father was Asad AIL As there was a teaion of two names ther, Maulana was also known as Quraih Hussain rough Dera Voom, Deoband was etlshed because of the efforts of Nanawta, hs most important contribution Iny in fis efforts towards purging the Muslim society of he sal it was beset by Nanavtai firmly believed in principles of Islam and Shariah, He held that a solution ofall the problems could be found in the Shariah, The most urgent problem before hin tras to sefocm the indian society In those day, exploitation ioinen was on there Though the ancient Inian history Shows tht women had bee exploited since ter Ve pesod, trie agenst the fair ex was on the peak in his days Inhuman restinent used tobemeted outta women, expec to wwe A widow was considered to be a cae ofa ‘mueries and problems in home ot society. Nanawiaw took up the cadgels against the evil by advocating remarriage of dows. He was a reformist with 4 perfect vision. He ssid srithout implementing the lov of Shara, relormation of socety was not possible ‘Nanawtawi's movement coincided with the growing tigdity of the Indian society, dominated by outmoded trading inverted thinking, and superstitions. He, however, waged a battle against such evils without losing hope and tonfidence, mg nore Nana's concem about the plight of sedows might be cause af sown widow ster wo was later aed if to Abdu Ha of Phallat* is sister's mariage gave a new46. Deohand Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of Ini sdincoinglybegan to ccept te cocept of Berean andincoicgl ben Se peed Obes gene ofa Naa alan a 7 he vena rahe tne ace ro mesg Fen te eren Naan exon a oe men mpenering te Peo ep 2 at dus ot odes to say the Muslims of India knew this but shied ean Or Spe hve lege bel sey rom puting Deer abut tenacity. THe Nana go upvies Peandah event aa (toon nan Np ec wen “ea eso pte Nana wed sere dere om purchasing immovable property its seston a ee of Sareh ape rae t laa Pre amp were pce ohkhend Mazes movement evoked an overwhelming where Nant poe ewer ese) BN Se ein pope Nanna and Revolutionary Actes sstepostion som aon cn Nana acd citar oposton stn ey aso Howes head Safa er genres head hee Se ee ape umn ered 0 NS TN ong some le on he ese SBE Nakane Shaikh Nobama of bale agent ee Me ate wh he Behe a et ey antntes oh wa fl are woul sa an ncigetnce fhe i, othe ser hy na nee sry Heer foe ules alae decd a ton ret hess ng Wlea’s Revolitionary Movements ofthe... 17 Qazi whereas Maulana Mohammed Munir and Maulana Mohammed Hafeez Zamir Ahmed” were given charge of the two battalions. Maulana Shaikh Mohammed was doubtful of the strength of Indian military, because it was nothing in comparison with the advanced British army” ‘Nanaotawi, with the assistance of Nawab Shabbir Ali, was successful in getting the support of the ruler of Delhi, Bahadurshah Zafar With his intervention, the batle secured, a national character. No doubt, the fearless personality of Nanawtawi played an important role, but the leadership of Behadurshah Zafar did give it the much-needed strength and idence. 1 was planned that the battle would begin from Thana Bhavan and end with the liberation of Delhi from the British dlutches. ‘Thana Bhavan The first phase of the battle started from Thana Bhavan ‘with an attack on the British soldiers, who were passing along the Bagh-e-Sher Ali Road A British soldier was killed and Indians managed to seize some weapons, including a cannon. Nanaiotawi made extensive preparations for the attack. Maulana Ahsan Manazir Gilani in his ‘Sawan-e-Qasimy’ writes that though itis not clear whether Nanawtawi had actually participated in this attack or not, it goes without saying that he was the main force behind it, and must have actually participated in it Both “Nagsh-e-Hayat™ and ‘Sawan-e-Qasimi® don’t ‘mention the name of Nanawtawi, but it appears unlikely that he could have kept himself away from this attack, which later became knoven as ‘Attack from the road of Bagh-e-Sher Ali’ Attack from Bagh-e-Sher Ali ‘The attack from Bagh-e Sher Ali was a successful attempt16 Deokand Utema's Movement for the Freedom of Tia and increasingly began to accept the concept ofthe remarriage St evidows. Nasawtawi's mission proved to be a great success fand his message reached all and sundry. Without economic independence, there is no meaning in discussing the social freedom of women. Nanawtawi exhorted ‘people to do justice to women by implementing the principle Er Shariah, which grants Tirka to daughters. ‘Needless to say the Muslims of India knew this but shied away from putting it into practice It was a challenge before Nansuviaw! to convince people about its necessity. The Jalelabed episode" proved to be a landmark event in this direction. hn Jalalabad, (a town in Muzzafar Nagar district), women were deprived ofthe right of Tarka. Nanavtawi issued afta Teetisting people from purchasing immovable property i this town, as at violated the principle of Shariah. Especially, Rohilidend, Muzzafar Nagar and Saharanpur were te places, where Nanawtawi’s movement evoked an overwhelming. Tesponse. Widows of these places were subsequently gi¥en {herr rightful share in property.” Nanawtawi and Revolutionary Activities ‘Maulana Qasim Nanavtawi faced constant opposition from his family in his evolutionary activities. However, he had the support of his mother and whatever success he had achieved, hhe ascribed it to his mother. ‘Differences cropped up among some Ulems on the ie | of battle against the British. Maulana Shaikh Mohammad Saab was of the opinion that the bate with the Briishers would be suicidal in Such circumstances, as he was fully aware Of the strength of the enemy and incompetence of the Indian Sulitacy However Maulana Haji Imdaduilah and Nanavwtawi” Jecided in favour ofthe battle against foreign rulers. Maulana ‘Hafez Zamin also deserves a mention here, as he was a strong, Utema’s Revolutionary Movements ofthe... 17 gai? wherens Maulana Mohammed Monir nd Maulana Qh ed Hafeez Zamiz Ahmed? were given charge of he Momaions. Maulana Shaikh Mohammed was doubtful to Prongth of Indian military, because it ras nothing é the saon with the advanced Betish army? paras, with the assistance of Naveab Shabbir Ali, was seachasfal in getting the support of the ruler of Delhi, saceGurshah Zafar With his intervention, the battle secured Battal character. No doubt, the fearless personality of a manvtawl played an important role, but the leadership of Nermjuisial Zafar did give it the much-needed strength and confidence. i was planned that the battle would begin from Thana shavan and end with the lberation of Delhi from the British ciutches, ‘Thana Bhavan “The fist phase of the battle started from Thana Bhavan, with an attack on the British soldiers, who were pessing along, the Bogh-eSher Ali Road.* A British soldier was killed and Indians managed to seize some weapons, including = cannon, ‘Nanawlawi made extensive preparations for the attack. Maulana Ahsan Manazie Gilani in nis Sawan-e-Qasim writes that hough itis not clear whether Nanawtawi had actually participated in this attack or not, it goes without saying that Re was the main force behind it, and must have actually pasticipated in it * Both ‘Nagsh-e-Hayat™ and ‘Sawan-e-Qasimi™ don’t ‘mention the name of Nanawtawi, but t appears unlikely that he could have kept himself away from this attack, which later became known as “Atack from the road of Bagh-e-Sher Al’ Attack from Bagh-e-Sher Ali The attack rom Bagive-Sher Alt was a successful atempt Meso avhon the nowe bf418 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freatom of India weapons from the British, A plan was worked out fo attack British troops passing along the Bagh-e-Sher Ali road. The arden along te road proved very helpfl as a place of hiding Ferhe revolutionaries. Haji imdadullah led a battalion of some 30.40 revolutionaries All of them hid themselves in the vind when the British soldiers were passing through Serrond, they pounced on them. It was an unexpected attack fog the British troops. One British sotdier was Killed in the Mack The attack was very successful from the point of the {indian revolutionaries as they managed toseize some weapons and a powerful cannon ‘THe attack proves the bravery and valour of the revolutionaries. They didn’t have sufficient weapons and yet they got what they had aimed for. This Baghve-Sher All attack vas to prove a prelude to the Batle of Shami. Battle of Shamli ‘After the Bagh-e-Sher Ali incident, it was natural thatthe British oops would not take things lying down. The Following statement throws more light on their retaliation strategy. “ihe news (riot of Bagh-e-Sher Ali) has reached Muzzafar Nagar. The collector orders the military fo dounter-attack Thana Bhavan." The above statement of CGhletor implies Hat the incident of Bagh-eSher Ali was the fest event of the battle of Shamli.® As the British Goxeminent bad most advanced and powerful artillery it fea decided to take revenge on the revolting Indians. And ae part of their retaliation plan, they surrounded Thane Bhivan, This news spread like @ wild fire in the Indian Camp, Besides, reports came in that British had attacked Shanik. After hearing this, the revolutionaries in tens of thousands rushed towards Shami ee awan-e-Casimi,’ Maulana Syed Manazir Ehsan Geelani Uloma’s Revolutionary Movements of the... 19 (amall for), where the British troops were camy (eva for) wh ° wing, A fence Tt must be mentioned here that Maulana a ——rtC—C—— Xhmed and Maulana Hatees™ played a prominent role in ate a ‘layed a prominent roe in ‘Thus itproves tat the general percept perception bout the Ulema having concer only about religious maters and nothing else doesn't hold water. The persons mentioned shove were religious scholars, yet they took an active part in the political ‘movements against the foreign rulers from time to time. Here, “Maulana Qaim Nanswtal deserves especial mention It was [Nanawvtawi who fist gave a call fr war against the foreign ley ep ac sms and aramunton she proves that for Nanawiawi, the end was more important than the pean salle small ort of Shamlshad no fencing wall andthe Br valland the Betish forces were firing unbatedly from all sides. Thus, the revolutionaries hada litle chance of leading a decisive atack on the British frees. In such a dificult situation, Nanaveta Jed his group from the ont. He proved himself not only as & ‘rave person, but also an intelligent soldier He thought of a planaboutattackinga canopy at the entrance of thefort Taking ‘eentge ofthe dnd entens and spa ing Nera Glnbed up he canopy and stables eat an ees 1 The revolutionaries entered the fort and valiantly fo ae saab ovale the Btsh ary a combat igh becuse of the obvious reasons. But once the combat stated, the furchased British soldiers could not stand before the dexemine revlon, lly they were dfn But the mareyrdom of Haji Zamin Ahmed! i Zamin fn this bat vii on Za ty ha110 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of India ‘White rcaling Hazrat Maulana Zaminssactifice Maulana Mehmood Hasan 58y5, vr eems asi al the event combine just for chemartytdom of Herat Maulana Zamin."* “Late with the fll of Shami and Thana Bhavan, the Msi vavplutionaries lost their zeal and confidence. clutionitish forces launched a manhunt fox (he revoleionaries Warants were issued. Haj imal Q>5 rerolutuwd and Rashid Ahmed Gangohi were their Tate Thagets The government announced prizes over heads. ere rcone unturned to nab ther but its efforts did rot fructify oH scaculous escape of HajiTmdadullah from the howe of te tdlord of Punjab, Abdullah Khan needs £6 be Oe ad here. Haji Imdadullah had taken shelter He mentions te British patie came to know abost ths: 7 Somehoy dhe house Hai dadalah hd himselfina S006 sor aneise, The policemen searched ihe whole hove in the Note sable, however, Hj Imdadullah, managed f° ‘escape. Pe contrast, Maulana Qasim Nanawtawi was 3 S00 follower of the Quran and hadeeths. He re ‘in the: ‘riding only for three days® and later eptmoving to Deoband, ding mi "ora, al, Rampurete* Bish forces ale to track him (9) KISILAFAT MOVEMENT Maulana Mohamad Ali aubr was born in the year 1675 Maule ise of many grat leaders, he too was orphaned at aon ge Since childhood jauhar used toate he rises ner ae plsting higher studies from the Oxfore Sere ee nee eee ee ‘The small pomegranate ee The yal pomegeanat te inthe istoric Masd-e- Chats ander whose-sacisony puna ‘gyros paorsager fepursuse aries ML" ‘tors a tang Jo sapune}agxpnogon won senda peu‘An old Rouse with @ verynarrow andlong, approach from the main road, where secret mectings were used to be held and (Gottom) an interior view afthehouse,jod-ULHasan, where secret house has an underground to the students and fe of Menlana Mehmo tobe conducted. The straining to be impart tion of thesamehouse The house restings used porta, where arm (bottom) opposite pe Ulema’s Revlutionsry Movements ofthe... 21 Maulana Mohammed Ali Jauhas, who.spreaded the Khi Movement in India and was one of the great freedom fighters and proponents of Hindu-Muslim unity Courtesy: Gurfan Ahmed M.A. Freedom Struggle & the Muslims, Faizaan Book Supplier, Delhi, 25th November, 1996cette reece eee cece ecceeeceeeeececee® a put lots Moen for te Fado of it ‘vn deprive, bv bose ofa the Bes pode, iis lear ut he Bas alr Fro Ey ut eae a era cp iim away f20m the educational institution hed 0 ep ott tp as PuPaAON Sr nen es a ee he nfo mourn pubi pin peal Seyi ea ak open ‘ leeply disturbed by the Partit n Jaa: ws ene bund te asc of He Ta as oot, the journal was soon banned, Besse Comrade fro becauseof Turkey. Juba inoneofhisatices Sept a gen = deta aco of he TONES nwt Tarkey byte btahes flloing whch J donee Lia west ea Sa alter 100 eas oa sa an whe Sahat Gandhi had emereed on oe sandhhi realised that there was aneed for! fin oe in Gand a ala Movement of WI Jou vas the main leader. Khilafat was with ee ee Jauhari jas vecoged the religious head of corte We li set on the Khalifat weed ied maw ping afc me Movernent and by Te Potged te aopetons of the Khlaft Meee nena sh rear ‘and Muslim League was mites of of Cong and Muslin Langues walt pe De Area ee hema of Be Tanga Reception Com Commies Tey ston, she chara fo uth of Madina, who Bod rebel Cen wyement was very active in ndia In contrast, the Khilafat Movement Wo" 7 Oe ulema. Ulema’s Revolutionsry Movements ofthe. 23 movement got the much-needed momentum, This was possible because of the Khlafat Movement thathad brought all Muslims and Hindus together. And when Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan, Issued a ‘fatwa’ (decree) on July 19, 1920," seconded by as many as 484 Ulema, the Hindu-Muslim unity got further strengthened. In the beginning of the World War I, the Britishers said that the Tuckey was taking part in the way on its own will and even in case of defeat, there would be no threat to the government of her Sultan. But the following statement of the ‘Viceroy after the war was quite contrary. “Turkey,” the viceroy said to a delegation from India, “cannot expect any more than any other povver which drew the sword for Germany wholly to escape the consequences of, hher action” This statement of the Viceroy shattered the hopes, of the delegation, Another conference of the Khilafat Committee was held in Calcutta on February 20, 1920." It was presided over by ‘Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. A historic decision of sending a delegation to London was passed. Again the Khilafat Conumittee also passed a non-cooperation resolution, A, delegation had reached London which was received by Fisher ‘on March 2, 1920°° The delegation consisted of Mohammed, Ali, Syed Suleman Nadvi, and Maulana Hayat. Mohammed, ‘Ali had played a pivotal role in this delegation, who opened. the case on the invitation of Fisher™ Mohammed Al sa “Then I would say this. The question has also been raised in ‘more than one quarter that Hindus in India have got nothing, ‘on the earth to do with the Khilafat question, andl the fact that they are making common eause with the Mohammedans in, itself argues that this Is a political movernent rather than a roligious question. As to that, I would say that if you were aware of recent facts in Indian national life, you would at ‘once see that this is not the case. During the last few months, certainly during the last year, there has been a: veryA Doxtand Uleu’s Movement for the Freedom of Faia ee eae oe ss cepa ei i me rac oa ikes it clear that ee een mr et ot ‘tion of Hindus makes it clear ‘that the Khilafat Riovenan vt was for a national cause. But all the attempts of ‘Movement 2 vere in van and be came back with empty th ‘Allahabad on June 9, peer Aaa "esto ved econ aee oe ee, ee 2 Soe er tt ‘of Gandhi, ae pute i mo rene a. Ele Thin teneony inom waa diaper Sie imue tis sie caoner a ’ was building up due to Se tes ws tang Sa « Wholehearted support for the Khia = can ieee organo cc Si ern ang “ne ae cr a ad comme tctntse tn vied Pocnaty to give up government resolution, asked Aligarh University to give uP See, —_——_— Uema’s Revolutionary Movements of the... 25 national university, which later took the shape of Jamiat Islamiya, ‘Mohammad Al's efforts also helped form a group of ‘enthusiastic students who took part in the non-co-operation movement. Mohammad Ali, who was an ardent follower of the Khilafat Movement wasjailec* along with Hussain Ahmed Madani, for issuing a fatwa, declaring an act of the British Government as ‘haram.’ Mohammad Ali, who led the Khilafat ‘Movement and puta new lfein the Indian National Movement fas well, infused the much-needed confidence among the Indians at a time when they were completely under the grip fof the cultural impact of the West. ‘The Khilafat Movement was proving to be a bridge between the Hindus and Muslims. However, the movement ‘and Mohammad Ali received great setback, when Turkey itself discarded the Khilafat issue on March 2, 1922.8 ‘The end of Khilafat in Turkey, however, did not deter Mohammed Ali from continuing his movement of Pan- Islamism in the country. He kept his struggle alive through, his writings in the “Comrade” and public speeches. He was anxiously concerned about the future of India, which, he held, lay in democracy. His theory of “cultural federalism” was rooted in the idea of unity in diversity, religious philosophy of oneness of God, tolerance, brotherhood, and fratemity. Mohammed Ali was confident about the possibility of establishing a cultural federation in India in which people of all faiths could live in harmony: He believed that such an, arrangement though had not evolved, would stil be one of the best “grander, nobler and infinitely more spiritual than the United States of America” Pan-islamism of Mohammed Alt sometimes led his critics into dubbing him as a communalist, However, this is not true. (On the contrary, itis true that following the failure of Khilafat Committee and flare-up in the communal situation across the country, Mohammed Ali parted ways with the Congress and Shen ted Canthi schon fe held in hich esteem, But this did_—_—_—<——— 126 Deoband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of India rade cevera people doubt he ability of perton avert mad shy eon ere rage, Most ofthe Congres the Congress 1 a rhe decision of Gano cll eee oe erally at re when the moverest en ree efct Hence, Mohamed AL'S see te at tat umee was no altogeter Doms Alimadea sincere attempt bridge te gull ear unl Mustang co tat united nia could see ee Hs exp reoxs onetation and Pate be ball, Deshte ak active proponent of communal lanl reels, es wii bernge of pect azmony whch Peeper care about. He suceeded 8 es: Howe ouenyacnongt te edcated Most niving Nome a otis. Mohave A youth he ght the Muslin community the significance a etinbuldinga intentionally peal a oe a Nekananad Al Musi Leage ook lets aly solani of nda to win te ate ts eso, ran in several oer things, Mohammed for abt ptr of zt Do lle 0 (4) KHAKSAR MOVEMENT sar sa Persian wor which means huimbleness and ‘hahaa ethene of the mavestet ls sows sees Md veh the soe sim of sien helping people eg thet loons day "> reg onan Mashragt founded the movement ae erat No denying the fact hati those days the a are Mine vee very pathetic They had lst set cent ond gy. hey were haunted by flings aoenimanex and became an easy prey fr their enemies ‘of inferior complex and became an easy Pury Te terior Ltema's Revlutionary Movements ofthe... 27 at Achta (now in Lahore, Pakistan). He obtained his Masters Gegree from the Punjab University and later spent about five years at the Cambridge University, England,** and gained thorough knowledge in different faculties ard learned the Eastern languages like Arabic and Persian. He became a member of the International Congress of Orientalsts.” Brick to India, from 1918 to 1920” Mashragi worked as an [Assistant Secretary in the Department of Education. In 1924, he published the famous book titled “Tazkera,’ juxtaposing. ‘modern science and technology with the Qur'an.” This book ‘was contradictory to all the earlier translations of the holy book. Therefore, Islamic scholars of both the Sunni and Shia schools of thought vehemently opposed this book” “Tazkera’ lays stress on gaining domination and power. It exhorts Muslims to bring about a revolution like the ‘materialistic Europeans did. For this very reason, the young {generation appreciated this book, despite opposition from the brthodox Islamic seholars. ‘Mashraqi kept the example of Germany's Fascism before him for resurrecting Islam. He selected Khaki uniform” a symbol of brotherhood to be engraved on right shoulder and Belcha, a spade-like tool, for the activists of the movement, Who would be selfiess and honest servants of human beings and would use might and power for their upliftment. Prominent among those who were associated with the ‘movement included Sir Syed Raza Ali, DrSir Ziaudain Ahmed, ‘Agha Ghazanfar Ali Shah, Sir Sikander Hayat Khan, Maulvi ‘Murtuza Khan, Khan Bahadur Shaikh Fazal-e-Hag Peerach and Maulana Zafar Ai Khan™ ‘Tae movement was not only limited to the Muslims, but also tothe Jews, Christians, Brahmo Samaj people and all those who believed in the existence of the Almighty and religion could also become its members. The hallmarks of the movement were discipline, military training, and hard work ts activists were evancelists of unity among human beings.‘28 Deoband Utena’s Movement forthe Freedom of india ing au for defenge, asa last resort eas not agains aking ams for defense 0 a last 807 Te et erg ded em August 271963, his follows Though Mase gas of Indi and abit ever od asic Principles oie ors eo oe Serre Ain Eee in rete loves and praises the fears 2, Relores 2 Pe Prophet, sho may be Krishna, Src pe eich aa Sel ne ae tree a ea ty ee BaP en es igh tein gai tea ™“ religion honestly and starts is own slgion honey Ae are gage tou ober 1 Re gE nese na flo tet wil ee nyo oo Soa can Sea 2 Hest near ade fathead on Hse er Doc tno ne rahe 5. 9 eielsaranoul prtpat ina parade and plysica 2 ey bul er cern eat et cos a igs tsp malt ee oing public service” te his due in Ulena’s Revolutionary Movements ofthe. 29. / Laws jf 1, Every Khaksar should make as many friends as he 2. He must always be hospitable and humble and try his level best to win more friends.” 3. He should avoid indulging in discussions related to religion or politica’ 4, He should avoid contradictions and confrontations 5, He should not hate or misbehave with anybody 6. A Khaksar is not permitted to waste his time and noney™ 7. He should develop and expose his hidden talents. 8, He should be faithful, punctual and honest” 9. A Khaksar should salute in a military mannex* 10. A Khaksar should do business with his colleagues at ‘minimum profit” AL, Fe should not be talkative, but silent and alert 12. He should always be ready to obey” 13, No Khaksar should be affected or dishearted by weaknesses and drawbacks of colleagues. 14. He should not expect any returns from public for his services.” 15. A Khaksar should not accept any favour from anybody ‘and should not buy anything from his colleagues, superiors or anybody without paying money ‘The movement aims to secure the loyalty and obedience of its members without placing preconditions and equates the status, ofits founder to that of a prophet. It regards the Quranic ‘order about obedience of the Prophet as equivalent to ‘obedience of its leader In one of his addresses, Mashragi said, "Obedience to the Prophet means nothing but following his oral timely, emergent, iplomatic and personal orders like followers of any other Jeader do. Yes, the age of prophets had gone by and no prophet will arrive now. The Law of the Almighty was completed inIn eee eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeecec® 30. Dectand Ulema’s Movement fr the Freedon: of Inia purpose of formation of any organisation ox party isnot oes Fram providing a living leader whose words must be obeyed hth the same vigour like that of the Prophet ‘He fasther stated: “Thus, in other words, a leader of ‘Muslims is one who is alive, speaks and is immune to criticisin pnd opposition from his followers. He is attached to Als 2G ee Prophet. Only Allah and the Prophet may tackle him. The leader may hold discussions, but as “La Yushrik Fi Fuiesscht Ahada” (Alla is one and Hs order is final) his aaaesare also final an binding. He is supreme and alone. Tie malows Allah, Sharia of Rasool and Sunnah as per his iseretion and not on the advise of his followers.” DMashraqi trained and taught youths in such a manner that they know that Islam is for maintaining dominance 26, he fay ea, and which all the rules and orders of Islam intend to. “Masheagi asserted: “Where the victory flag flulters, one xoup gets superonty over another, on sie fs hapless sod Bron Gr is powerful, there, in a cealit, live prophets: The nec and last rae of the Almighty equates faith with victory aren non-believer is synonymous with downfall and defeat.” vjklam wants to remain in dominance and for this very reason the Almighty had sent the Prophet. Apart from this, ‘panels other reason given n the Qur an about the Prophet's azzival,” maintained Mashragi Tae feather explained the reason in the following words: the single aim of the Prophet Muhammad was to g0h% Jouinanee on the earth and lead the Arabs to the pinnacle aoeninaves. This was the orly reason behind the Prophet's beth.” "Tie Khaksar Movement had laid greater stress on the need forspinit sacrifice and military training. Youths were prepared fore Pr on lives for the dominance of Islam. By joining the LUema’s Revolutionary Movements of the... 31 conson ight every. sent of eliepect and cours eaaeaepeanee eee Sepia hp te movement ied a aurldesth, Afr independence Maohteq anncunetd winding up of the deserts 908 be fotnaed anew partyin Pascale es Lenguc™ for furtherance of poll ejeciven and pens rening fn promotion hansen ae fae of he moveent were nutritious ef Masheagywhoenumerste Meee ee sdtes md tole tnd on te bas APEh Ira schlr sued @ ita (Getes) agua Nin iostvcr ti «fact tthe noveentprompled Muslin ver sake ht Wold on ter on™ NOTES 1, Saned Sshenvandk & Maulana Abdal Hameed, NomanimA ie he See offal Ulin 8, Jamia le Sate Now oa 2. BN Chopra, Elf Idan Mata nthe Sagal fr Pet, Bete ee ‘New Delhi. ee : ard Mavlana Abdul Hased, Op. Ste fed, Op pW id id, p. 108 lah Falah, Ttvecke Dawat-ue-Jad,p. 149, «, Hindstan Publiaon, Dah 1986 a 1b Ste Shera Maulana Ab nnd 8. 1. Maulana Syed Manazir Ehsan Gilani, Sarame- Qaim , 101, Darul Uloom, Deoband Gein 2. i, p17. 13, Bid, p14 14. Tid, p.7. 1S. bid, p. 1.52. Deoband Utema’s Movement for the Freedant of Inia 18. mi, 20. Ibi p. 57 21. thi 22. thd 2 Miata Syed Manazx Ehsan Gans, Same Qos, VOLT “36, Bar-al-Uloom, Deoband. 24, Bid, p- 196. 25, Thi, p. 2. 26, Bit 2 Maulana Syed Fiusain Ahmed Madani (1999), Nagshe-Hryt- NUL ip. $8, Maktaba-eDeeniyat, Deoband, - 28, Maulana Syed Manazir Ehsan Gilani, Op. et ps 335. 28, Ibi, p. 336. 2 Nleoa Syed Hossain Ahmed Madani (1998). Op tp 196 31. Bi 3a Rlatunna Syed Manazir Ehsan Gilani, Op cit, pp. 35°98, Dat- ‘-Uloom, Deoband. 38, Ibid, p. 136. 34. hi, p. 13 235, Bip. 38 Mnclana Syed Hussain Abed Madan (1998), Op oy B57 37. Ibid 38. Ibi 39. Ibid 40. But, p. 58. ‘1. Bid 1. Ibid, p57. 43. Bit, p75 44, Bid 45. bid $e oe a4. tkram (1990), dian Mustins & Partition of Tar Pris Auntie Publishers & Distbutrs, New Dell ‘az, Bye orabim Ft (0997), Hindustani Musclmanan Ke Jang See Main Hiss, p. AD, Maktabo Jamis Lid, Del 48, fod v. @. 6. 7. a. 72. 23. 74 5, 6 7. 8. Uiema’s Revolutionary Movements of thes. 38 ‘Maulana Mohammed Miyan, Asirane Mal jamiat Manton Mobarene Mi a, p52, Al Jamlat Maulana Asied Madar, Role of Jamiat Ulema-Htnd in Freedom Struggle, p-9,Jamiat Ulema-Hind, New Deli Tachnd 0872), Op cp. Shaan Mohemmed, The Ion Muslins-A Documentary Record, p. Mecalsh ratashe, New Del 192 Bid, p17 Tid, p 388, i rot i Theohand (1872, Op, p48 SSC en 09), etn hPa of i, 158, ‘Alani Putts & Datel, De ncn Ast Maca, at Ulead Fredo Bhs p 1, Jami lems in, New Des. (i) Bead (a7) Fis of radon Meme! nd 15) Minty of omaon& Goren ind) De Mas Sha 0970) Nga Paro 3, ‘Geer Plan Sr Bo Sul Poh Fata, tek Dae ea ‘Hindustan Publications, Delhi, 1996.” feted p19 isp 1 ima Fs} ie Int ta fp 10, fea th ba ta pa fa id.SARITA aR Tune EE eneEeneereeeeeeeeeeeeeeecccccccecesssssccmereeesesas ‘34 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe F 84 55. 86. 97 58 89 99. 31 22 93. 9 95. 96. ” 98 8. 100. 101 102. 108, Ibi, p. 192 Ini Ibid id roid Bd, Bid. i Sd Bid i. id id id. rs Bid. Bi. Bid, p18 Bid i eso of Iria DAR-UL-ULOOM, DEOBAND A Revolutionary Organisation ‘The establishment of Dar-ul-Uloom, Deoband in 1867! was a reflection of the uncertain social, political, religious and economic situation that prevailed in the post Mutiny period. ‘The school focussed not anly on addressing the problem of ‘education and building the character, but also on giving equal, importance to the state and society Ie is now considered next to the world-renowned Azhar Islamic University, Cairo in Egypt ‘Muslim intellectuals and theologists had been feeling the need for a revolutionary institution since the unsuccessful Mutiny of 1857, in order to berate the country from the foreign yoke and secure political independence through peaceful means. Thus, needless to say, is ulema (scholars) had A lion’s share in the country’s freedom struggle. Before going into details ofthe history of Dar-ul-Uloom, a brief account of the causes that led to its formation would be svorth mentioning, British Economic and Political Poli After the Mutiny, the Muslims were shattered both, ‘economically and politically, Prior to the invasion of British,436. Decband Ulema’s Movement or the Freedom of India serote: “From the period of Hazrat Adam till date, from East WerWeat and North to South, there is no other country other ‘Ranieri which not only imports gold silver and other costly Sods fom other countries an in rete exports herbs, med fand different plants.” Tha renowned traveler of fe 14th century AD, Tone Batuta writes “Taghlag did not allow money tobe taken out of India Rancver if'a person wanted to take the money out of the ety, he hed to face alot of difficulties. As such, the money soared in the country and it became very rich and prosperous."* “Roce the establishment of the Bast India Company, the situstion had totally changed, The British East India Company eer blished in india in 1608 during the reign of Jahangit We Moghul ruler Ms. Havrkins was the first British pacsador, who got the permission fr establishing a factory aMSurat, even in the face of strong opposition by the Portuguese Te gmpressing the Moghal ruler Sir Thomson succeeded sn farther gaining permission to found factories at Agra, ‘Gujarat Abinedabed, Bushanpur Aimer etc? The Buitish navy athe most powerful force. Britain indeed ruled the waves. “They had the best warships and the most posterul batleships ‘Gretally, all these things proved dangerous not only £0 the cere European powers, but also to the Moghuls and even Indians. ae pritish navy was so strong that even Moghul force had te take its permission® The Arabs and Moghls had to Seadually accept its superiority. Howevet, he power Biken navy later indulged in robbery, looting, plandering Fanovent people and this was the beginning of British tyranny, sro Nizemshahi and Marathas failed to defend Hhemsclves. As such, one can easily conclude that from the Vary Beginning, the British were not simply traders, bul had fejltcal and imperialist designs. After the death of Riirangazeb in 1707, the Britishers started direct interfere Avtheoadministration. They gained control over many rich +e faces following, the Battle of Plassey and finally the Battle Dara: om, Decband 37, of Bure proved the at nll inthe coffin of he wine the Moghul Fang to Lord Maca, after securing vcory in the petit of Pnsey, he Bot nda Compery andi employees aa ded ith money. An amount ol Ro 60 aks at se ee eaiatts rom Morhidrbad through water Bre than 100 boats with flags fluttering and soundings Moe ee ener Calcata Some monies buck Caza wise e dsr ban ented Ines a net Mae OAS lnc and every Belg cscn bee i 9 Boh iver became ye Baers sted mniplating the enuriey nat tr of ier bl on pela eng A tame ft ows the East Inco Company shows how the compeny had started manipulating the resources of rer Suna Pa company nopped payment fo emo ent mde money oie cee eer of rare proved tobe» vest estates of te poe of te Baa nda Company Hs Fogemony increased and up tothe 19th century it became an ae poe Ihe proces of weresng welt fad sarge acy nt ee of Buna in PGS" I geve Iga reipton othe anerch pve ye gu Te er rane of Bengal Sarna Os fo ‘East India Company. 2 eee Fe eee ear at he Bate of Plassey was the boging oth glen ea of he Biishers A ih ths EE ee Ccscston of care the Ble we Sane India aes ctr fr goods, Tis rested oy Ln ie he Ettore meses ter ee ine and plc dung he pr SPEER Rie alowed ¥y tod Warren Hastings British Education Policy ‘The second anain reson behind the format Jon behind the fstaton of Dar: Wot was foe he reste pay wh wa Trin concenedabou thes busines and indus Accor tofastice Mahmood the policy was iter intended to beige‘38 Desband Ulema‘s Movement for the Fresdons of Ilia the gapetween Hindusand Muslimsnorto develop friendly the gop Peowwards the Britshers. Apart from business, thelr ation policy aimed at spreading Christianity through es and other institutions ‘son poliey and Partisan attitude had ‘The faulty educ angorel Muslias. They were denied higher posts Gespits¢ Fae tate of succes in the Civil Serce Examination 1k°30 be ge rad from the statement of British officer, Sir Auctin ners” statements that the aim of British Government after catetrvlt of 1857 was nothing but to take a revenge. And 25 [art ofthis dubious plan it abolished the posts of Oot Doses, the education policy shutits doors on the Muslims, “The Buitisiere even annexed Islamic School of Hughlt and caeedit into an English college. As #f this was not enough thay stopped recruitment in colleges: The Commissioner of SE EER had stated in a government gazette" that only Hinds candidate show be feet to the vacant Pose soy eaenand no Muslims should be appointed f Hindus in Sunder yarovd, tthe posts remain Vacant.” Rajaram in hls repot to the Committe of House of Comes ele judicial system i India stated thathead found Mushy Trays sincere and honest, whereas Hind lawyers in Beera) louder cove spoken of and they didr’tenjoy mach confidence inpubli Ths foes onto show the sincerity on part of Moshi vera ever after loss of power, Muslims had retained & degree of confidence ree as of educational system of Britshers was to diver: Muslin from thelr Shariatand impose British culture Though MereDeemment adopted 2 sevengeful attitude towards Sitchin after the Mutiny i realized the need of impacting wrajeen education to them in order to remove thelr flings i eceed and anger. started giving grants to schools, but at Ghe same time it wanted to restrict religious educntion ed to restrict religicus ton Tslamic: Darul-Uloom, Deoband 39 ‘The main gate of the Darul-Uloom, Deoband.cement forthe From of nia 40 Deoband Ulema’s Mo anen fwsilding at Daral-Uloom. Dar-ul-Uloon, Deoband 1 Madrach a Deoband ‘An inside view of the gate “Bab-e-Qasim”, named after ‘Maulana Mohammed Qasim Nanawtav42 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of Indie an tn ea Ate mov oem on se nc ec Oe iene aren Establishment of Dar-ul-Uloom, Deoband eae re Gok ap the cute agaist Me Maca Tad the foundation of Darau-Uloom, Desbane Tule idea was to couriar the two-pronged Proven. oe 1 ee sore Caan ° inva of Co ey py extalishing Daral-Uloom, Dect, Ranawrtawi managed to ill two birds With oA Tannin na tr i en afer he May hey were alos item on Seg 9 wach Goverment. In such a situation, the need for 25 Be coisas J -Uloom, si a sy Sp pete oa snetre a ie te Sb Sh left thelr Mylocted in the grand mosque of Decband. Thm muh ee be Ro becareiinoo SG seo ter sor mosques maely Masi Dareul-tloon, CChatta, where the grest Suff Hazrat Farid Baba Gan)-e-Shakar was said to have meditated” and Masjid-e-Khangua, which was built by Aurangzeb.” During Moghul period, Deobandis used to get very respectable positions, but with the decline of Moghul th began to face many difficulties. In the beginning of 18th century, they fell victim to the exploitation of the Rohellas and Sikhs” Later, Deoband became an eyesore forthe British because many Deobandis played a vital role in the Muting. A large ‘number of ulema from Deoband gained conteol of the Shami fa town of Muzzafar Nagar. But soon the British Government {recaptured it, sent about 3¢ men to gallows and imprisone: scores of others. The revenge was not yet over. Three neighbouring villages were burnt to ashes and properties of many tich families were confiscated. Why was Deoband Selected? ‘The revolutionary work of Shah Wallulla* was carried (on after him by his son and other pupils. Shah Abdul Aziz# was the eldest son of Shah Waliullah. Maulana Abdul Hal, Mufti Sadruddin, Maulana Mamluk ALi and few others devoted their lives for the cause of Shah Waliullah* Later on, Haji Syed Abid Hussain, Maulana Mehtab Ali and the landlord of Deoband, Maulana Shaikh Nihal Ahmed. and Maulana Qasim Nanawtawi picked up the threads and started a small Arabi school in Masjid-e-Chatta, which was Inter shifted to the present site and transformed into Dar-ul> ‘loom, Deoband.* ‘Among other factors, the selection of Deoband for Dar ul-Uloom die to a divine sanction, Maulana Rafluddin saw the Holy Kaba in the garden of Decband in his dream ® This dream inspired Nanawtawi to start Dar-ul-Uloom in Deoband. It was Friday, May 30, 1857, when a madrasa began under the shadow of a pomegranate tree in Masjd-eChaita Even today, the tree proudly stands there. Its first student was Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan and Mullah Mehmood was its fizst teacher” whereas it was Haji Abid Hussain who firstak Deoband Ulema's Movement forthe Freedom of India year, the strength of staddents shot collected fonds. Tn the firs up to 78 toe jet of the madrasa, Haji Abid Hussain, was dead aginst the ide of shin 3 othe present ste bat Mac secs Nanaia persuades fim. And gradually the et ay ras transformed into a grand Darul-Cloom 954 mrndrash Wi bjcener of educational and polit atvities, aac the feandation of anew building of Dar ul-Uloom as Tere cs the Friday prayers. Many noted Islamic echoes trominentctzers and people it large rumen: attended the Free azrat Migan laid the first brick of the foundations function Hoy Maulana Rashid Ahmed Gangohi and Nanawtawi? Fist Body of Counsellors (Majlise-Shoora) The frst body of counsellors of Dar--Uloom had the following members ‘Maulana Qasim Nanavtave ‘Maulana Rashid Ahmed Gangohi Haji Abid Hussain Zulfequar Saha ‘Mnshi Fazal Hag? Rules and Regulations Nanavtawi had formulated some basic principles fo" ado ane of Daru-Uloom, They are briefly discussed as under: “Public Donations: Nanavstawi was fully conscious of Fane of guarding Dar-ul-Uloom from the influence fae government as well as the rich people, He hough that goverament grants or donations Bom ‘hore people would harm the cause of Dar-x-tTioons there Pefecided to ran it on public donations and Tharity, This shows Nanawtawi’s great foresightedness.™ +2, Refesin from Selfish People: The second principle of eel Uloom, Deoband is that donations should be Dar-ul-Loom, Deoband 45 scp ratomtn tt 3. No Place for "autoerscyt Ni of te ave ecto bay ami stration Dar-ul-Uloom, Deoband.* ° SERS Shuto iveme However til conte fo tog, substantial property in the fori of land or factory, besides donations from philanthropists. ae nonesty of counselors of the body. They sho remain loyal to Dar-ul-Uloom™ eee Ths thse princes show at Dar Uoom wat fr from the arbitrary decisions ofa particular individual or grou Te rejects all possibilities of governmental interference. Mi 2 ‘contact is its chief characteristic. “ws ‘A ctitical analysis ofthe basic rules shows t waste sc rules shows thatthe school ayers fa te power, ut get responsi, All desionahing power re enrsted wih the Body of cs 3, who, however, take into consideration the ‘valuable opinions from public us Panel of Theologists First Panel [1857-1872" Syed Hazrat Shah Abdul Gant Dahelvi ‘Quddusullah Aziz lai Imdaddullah Rashid Ahmed GangohiOO 46 Deoband Ulema's Moverent for the Freedom of Indie Second Panel (1870-1888) 1. Hazrat Maulana Mohammed Qasim Sahab nam Rabbani Maulana Rashid Ahmed Gangohi Hazrat Maulana Yagoob Sahab ‘Mehmood-ul-Hasan Hazrat Maulna Hafiz Haji Abid Hassain Hai Rafiaddin Zolfequar AN Mehtab AL” Third Panel (1884 -1920" imam Rabbani Hazrat Maulana Rashid Ahmed Gangoht Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan ‘Maulana Hussain Ahmed Madani ‘Maulana Abdul Rahim Sahab® som the proce discussion i becomes very less thatthe Fro the Fr Cor, Deoband were those people who found al lente i Wa of independence Revol Or G57 Though they had to face defeat in the Rebellion, Dar. Soe rman succestlly emerged on te scene a aoe leaps and bounds, Darul-Uloosadainistation fours oP a the body of couselior rues and vs hc ere aint the wl ofthe British Goverment Cee on co sly on the fands and contutions foes ral public Sere th of movements ike Jamiat-l-Anss Sami Te) Nesarat ulMaroo, hich had a gee sole 8 uel tee movement once again proves te Pol harms am a oct pope an Hr the ounay from te foreign yoke ee eld be noted atthe crc for infusing the cee I avonbint In the Deoband goes to Maulana revolutionary spirit in the Oi ee ike Maulana Sindhi Dara loom, Decbandd 47 succeeded, it would have proved to be 2 nightmare for the British Government SILKEN LETTERS’ CONSPIRACY Shaiki-ul-Hind Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan was a towering personality of Dar-ul-Uloom Deoband, who fulfiled the dream Of Maulana Qasim Nanawtawi, Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan ‘served Dar-al-Uloom, Deoband as a teacher. His lif is full of, revolutionary activities ‘When Shaikh-ul-Hind Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan realized that it was impossible to gain freedom through peacefull means, he used some safe centers for the evolutionary Activities and found Yaghistan as the most suitable place for his mission © This was because its people were very bold and courageous, but they were also a divided house due to inter- tribal wars. Thus, the first challenge before Mehmood-ul- Hasan was to develop a feeling of unity and nationalism among, ‘these tribesmen. With the intention of clearing decks for his revolutionary activities, Mehmood-tHasan sent Mavlana Saif-ur-Rehaan rom Delhi to Yaghistan.® Fazal Rabbi from Peshawar was also sent on this mission. They were directed to work with @ lange number of students of Shaikh-ul-Hind and Hazrat ‘Ahmed,® who was already working there on the same lines, Tt was a very crucial period as the World War had just ‘begun. The Britishers were succesful in hurting the sentiments f Muslims by involving Turkey in this war. After a great deal cof persuasion, Haji Tarang Zai was also sent to Yaghistan. Then, ‘what followed isthe history. A fierce battle was fought against the British army in Yaghistan. The revolutionaries fought boldly and courageously and at one time it looked as if they ‘were on the threshold of victory, but the enemies had very. tactfully turned the tables on them. ‘The British called for more troops from India and started468. Deskand Unt Movement forthe Freedom of Iain without aking cannot be ahaa as per Isanic sone fighting viens started. greasing te alms “Aighan More erat ofbcinis and succeeded a turing the ‘Alghan, ‘cacy mae Habtbulla in their favour’ All O90 Factors “King, fencing elfects- First of ali shattered confidence had erosesy which proved a serious setback ©, the movernent. Se ne Batichers. cat down the supply of food ret cartridges of the revolutionaries cai Sere rit forces it wasimpossibe for N20 “ubtiea to move towards Yephistan. He, therefore decided ultlind Fe corperation of Tatkey ard with his ae ‘went to the Arabs. er the course of acblizing the support of tothe Abs fers, Shaikivul-tiing picked up Nis S0Ge=4 te es Qpeiculiah Sindh, fe the Yagistan mis Hana Opie staunch follower and trusted leutenst of Mehavoodcal-Fiasan. highly motivated yout indi led his Me eering from one place #9 another in his endeavos to ‘berate the country Sindhi in Kabul “The story of Sina’ migration ro Kabul Jong SOT = atvites Though sini was notin event of eigen fo Kabul, twas impossible for Nt deny the ot rs vacher and mentor, Mehmood Hass ‘Sindhi of alin 1915 On reaching Kabul he foun 2S ‘Timosphere favorableto launch mission against the Britishers. gemeer fe learned that the movement had actually Pa started five decades back Sindhi observed: Themed that Mmood-ub Hasan es eso 8S “eames movement, carted 0 yess ago, Eu it wa 228 et ve been ai Salk Hind was ook ta on co activate Now, Tm prose 10 SY tbat fhe selected me forthe job"? Ee acacia genes fe cer foe Matecomste A a iherating the Dart-ttloom, Deoband 49 ‘Meeting with Nasrullah Khan se Se iy a a Sa otters hectare at grey impressed by Sind a and objects tnd Serer tterearas ea ee unin ne arta Meeting with Habibullah Khan |i iin of Se Naan a Seah en sr veidonce, where « meeting withthe {Scrsho mc idnecrg eg Insel by Se uh owes rg tse Selon paca i heap i wipe front in ly ab Say on roe For gst Sl nd ewe ote he Kegon neocon tent Kings ogeerent ad advice, ny woxk woul not got bet an prance.” . norte a eft scsi meeting of he mi ceaions became favourite ‘sini extent at the ir of the First rld War, all the pro-inc t Ted gouty who had been in ee gathered in Beri’ ana formed the fodien National Eongrs une he ol of amen Era m nist en and Hardayal were its membé a elegations from various countries hac eae eee St i esietonien ne come —— Germany was involved in the World War I and as part ofps 150. Decband Ulema's Movement for the Fretom of Init who had migrated to Kabul, were also happy with this mission. “ioe role of Raja Mahendra Pratap through this mission assumed great Raja belonged t0 a zoyal family of sume Bo left India during the First World War ond Ind hed an indian society in Bsn is important members cea Sealy! Berkatullah and Chattopadhyay. The expenses wer etiety were borne by the German Goverment. The Mhaportant thing abot this Gexman mission was the /ctees vbten by the German Chancel: The leters were wether Here a language, with a translated version attached 19 ar eiduers were writen with a view to creating hatred against the British Government et to of the German Chancellor were addressed 19 she Afghan king, Habibullah Khan and tue Nepal Raja® They the etre cgniicance because the Geran Chanceley ine pee Ming should wage a wat against the Britt ran nee Bathe deliberately tumed down the proposal ‘Tarkey Delegation ‘sultan of Turkey had also senta delegation to Afghanistan Maalnra Barkatullah Bkopali and Raja Mahendra Pralsp Maulamanied the delegation. The motive of the Teskey Dar-ul-Ulsor, Deoband 51 Formation of Junud-Ullah fe (inng-thiftnte flecrletidud Ata” wenavefomad E Sahu reas Suds sie emma rane ong tee rune eres astuneendnocg me — cu mee id cue peng while going to Tur! © ee ee ee selves gat Ll peat Gaye at Nasreat-Mavoot.furnd Ullah made peogrees radally. It wat aadually Tt was the fast revolutionary organization formed Provisional Government and Sindhi Joining the provisional svemment was on of the most moran milestones in Sih’ struggle agar the Bish sped he Maia King, Habla Kha it want ‘nated overt support hae revolutionaries ised to work vith the permison of hs depuy, Nasalah Khan. Ysious sect meetings were held with Nin in which various development programmes were chalked eu, nln he femnation of he provisional government or Hindustan, Ra ie tye Seah ret founder favs einer neal aie SN Missfon to Russiana 52. Deotan Ulema’s Movement for the Freedor ey were sorted out and a delegation Howe ye ete ea Mohammed and Dr Mathura Singh was sent. Both the members were ot rT x ath the per journey tveards Russia tae Mohammed All an Serdar Stamaher | was written on a golden plate in appreciation ee « a se to ee Teter was for guards atthe Russian: TSE por etn Scoopeo in svn ee Seer an rom were the golden : eniiarn Teermoe General, who would send t fhe meme er ae wet Gaver Gent of Cane Thee Pe ster of RUSH naa and or Rupsia was urge to extend Be CO Senos i eye of te met povesfl counts operation as Vn emai alo! rom Inds concer. Ix as Sac na Pratap ao expressed is wine tastes Rofo regar,ithe Czar so desea st Rags ny et foe Rossa, cme bac after £8 The misin oetance by the diplomatic secretary that months with sent would consider he mater and OT them according: nies m acordiND unable response from the Rust cont ee pun Mahendra Pratap again decided to send Government el bul ond japen Malan Shi eas ET Bross on etn for tau” wheres the ston the charge of Ue ected by Barkatalah Khan For etal to Japan waste jar ana Shijullah were chosen” while De sation, Abd Pay shakh,Adul Kadar BA. ere Mer he sion to Japan Missi HeLa mL aveo' yn to Istanbul noeantyyrlr ee Darul-Uleo, bond 53 (With suceess ofthe first mission, the Raja Sahab decided to.send two more missions. As per our wish, one mission was, sent to Istanbul. It consisted of our companions Abdul Bari B.A. and Dr. Shyjaullah. The mission went to Istanbul via Iran) The Istanbul mission consisting of the most t revolutionary members, Abdul Bari and Shujaullah, st off its journey from Kabul. Before its departure, a secret meeting was held between Raja Mahendra Pratap, Obaidullak Sindhi and one of the mission members, namely Abdul Bari” The meeting decided that the mission would carry letters to the Sultan of Turkey, Anwar Pasha, German Chancellor and one Chattopadhya, who was in Germany.” Besides these Ietters, the meeting also decided to convey orally to Anwar Pasha and German Chancellor that fa strong army of 60,0007 ‘was sent to Kabul, Afghanistan would raise a banner of revolt against the British Empire. The mission should also apprise the German Chancellor of the fact that the German mission in Kabull ha failed because ofthe inability of its in-charge, Wan Hanting,” who didn’t try to win-the support of the Afghan King, Habibullah Khan which was necessary, ‘Armed with the letters and the oral message regarding. the demand of 60,000 soldiers, the mission reached Heart {(Alghanistan), where it met a German officer and apprised him of its plan. The German officer arranged for an Iranian guide, Mirza Agha. Here, itis to be noted that the mission members were travelling in disguise, with the fake names of Mohammad Hasan (Abdul Bari) and Mohammad Younus (Ghujaullah), ‘Along with the Iranian guide and one Jan Mohammad, who was going to Iran, the mission members crossed the Aghan border after four days’ journey. Then they took two more days to reach Mehmoodabad (Iran)," where they decided to stay for a night. But, as fate would have it, the Iranian police arrested the mission members there. Then they were given into the custody of a Russian guard who eécked. stedTErrrrrrererrerreeecereeeereccccceccesesscceerersess ‘54 Dev Ulema's Movement for the Fre of Indiz where emission members then were taken to Turbat, nee isn eee hc net but ova Thon they se Pe te id and handed over to the British army wet ovr tcone gent to Ber, where they were kept for ten gain they soned in Sistan for one and a aliments! ayy te ay wore sent to Sandak shee the embers of the misefon to Japan (Mathura Singh and Abdul Qadar) Ve cae retin prion. Finally, members of the both 2 se ‘Lahore via Quetta. : si joned ut jaullah were the joned earlier, Abdul Beri and Shu} we AS ary member but surrendered Pfore ral Batak forces and acrniied that they were On 2 the ora tan. During introgation, Abd Gisclosed the following Jrooie (Mla gyre OARS ALE” sq Pavialtic Fe ei sans we oe om the progrestive Tus, it would be development of Alghanistan a ‘Hep the above statement itbecomes very < From we only a trusted disciple of Maulana Sindhi, but he Bar we oncemed about development of Afghanistan. He ia ah one ig rn el veson in Afghanistan was not yield esl we en es Src ane terre Fa atntontvards te Afghan st! iad achieve the desired objectives. who were Seno these revotutionares,tadents who were sh Eee erent countries also tok part in the acts sea he rich rues, The example of ore Hasan ANY ain ie point beyond any doubt. He was a mative of proves this pov bal) and was studying in Germany. Darsi-tloom, Deoband 55 the enemies pounced on him, He was arrested and produced before the court of Colonel Del and Captain Benett,” sentenced him to death. He was executed at Sistan as per the court orden" ‘This is just one example of how our students took part in the freedom struggle during their studies abzoad. Not only did they take active part, but also, like Hasan Ali, offered the supreme sacrifice for the cause of their motherland. Letters to Shaikh-ul-Hind ‘When Abdul Bari ad Shujaullah were going to Yaghistan, Shaikh Abdul Hag, a neo-Musim® was also sent along with them, who was carrying the letters of Maulana Manscor Ali and Obaidullah Sindhi to Mehmood-ul-Hasan ‘Obaidullah Sindhi had faith in this youth, therefore he had handed over those important leters, wzitten on three pieces of silk cloth to him with instructions that they should he given to Shaikh Abdul Rahim of Hyderabad Sind) who ‘would arrange for their delivery to Mehmood-ul-Hasan, who ‘was in Mecca during those days. But the youth gave those letters to Bahadur Hag Navvazkhan,” who in turn handed hem over o Sir Michael" Then what flowed was the famous episode ofthe history if The British Government started arresting people in Hindustan and after some days Mehmood-ul-Hasan was also rested along with his compatriots in Mecca. After a long time, Obaidullah Sindhi leared that it was Khan Bahadur ab Nawaz Khan, who was behind the exposure of his letters. ‘To Obaidullah Sindhi the news came ike a bolt fom the blue. Disclosure of Silken Letters Kbaib AC psoob rhesoleoeLoohe Ane” het Volgduntiedtic tt hse KELsi Deotund Ulenuts Mavement forte From of Inia sca August 14-Khan Babadur Rab Navion Si of Multan ne on Nee ples of silk cloth tothe COmmISNCOTS seo on, which comand benutfl Uns He Multan Pian pontesscn ofthe eter ince ATES 4 guid that fy could not be presented to the COMMS due his absence.” ear tettng the sil letters, written in oreoe0e Urdu serie ows Shaidy Abdul Hag Bahadts Bab NST Khan script frm the Divisional Commissioner of MANE. St sn fac, he Rad eceved those ees August 4, A {nor show tothe commissioner as fhe es WS cout of station. of stati ur himeels admitted this fac that he Pi ce ous eters from Shaikh Abdul Hag O° coach reine Wena once werk with Ns sons € EASA) 2 1915. OFS Sing those leters to Khan Babeds, APSE Hag said Wile gi ming fom Kabul to hand over te eto to that em of Hyderabad (Sh, wo in sen NP send ‘Adal Bina, get tei receipt al carey 0k Kabul, a aetangrat the eters, the Commissions of ‘Multan terme the plan 25a foolish act. He alsected Punjab CID termed Fl ave in his regard and se he tie © he British Government.” Soret te eters and information provide Khan Be pntish police aid hands on Albis! HE. who, Bards aeeopation edited toDeing Patt of conspiracy in ess to pay, Khan Baha became 9 neo the eyes of the British Government. He was ‘rewarded with & ees oF eda for exposing the comepiracy of We silken certifi or showing loyalty © the government ee Dari-Uloom, Bestar - ” Ee Bistuetue maSierne Portela wn ae : oe 7 Wa SaweneeraStinaa easton os ee RPS C, he . LApAA bilan Pi Egcre eet er PPA n pach SLIM A yesh Sigh sedis 7 x Wi sabriPabin Al daseot thal eae area aeree MUNI nrcrnlerd bbe putty ey58 Deoband Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of Tia Ramzan 9) July 10, 1916 (Monday), Kabul, ‘Shaikh Abdul Rahim Shab, ‘Assalaam Alsikum, itis important to arrange its delivery through 2 reliable Haj pilgrim to Hazrat Maulana in Madina. The work is s0 caey thet constant journey’ can be undertaken I the person is saey pelle, he znay be told that Maulana should not try £0 come here. “Alter this work, you try to come to me. This is because there are many important works to be done here. Please, do ‘Unfortunately if no reliable Haj pilgrim is found and you are also unable to go there, then seek help of Panipat-based Maulvi Hamdullah [eis very important that Maulana should fetal this information during this Haj and his reply should Betchus through Maulana Ahmed Lahori, in case it is not ppossible to send it directly: s/4 (Obaidullah Hanafi) rom the above letter itis as dear as the daylight that, Maulana Goaidullah Sindli first wrote a detailed letter (in two pasts) fo Mehymood-ul Hasan (copy of which is given below) and then jotted down a covering letter asking Shalkh Abdul Rahim fo anvange its delivery to the intended person in Madina {Mehmood-ul-Hasan), Besides his leter, Sindhi also attached Uist of funod-allah soldiers. These leiters afterwards became Famous as the conspiracy of silken letters as they were written on silk clot.” ‘Sindhi clearly mentioned that those letters were very {important and they should be delivered to Mehmood ul Hasan though a reliable Haj pllgrim. Ln case no reliable person was found and if Shaikh Abdul Rahim was unable to go Madina, then the kelp of Maulvi Hamdullah of Panipat should be sought™ Dar-ul-ttom, Deoband 59 ‘This farther dow light ont en the postion of Shaikh Abd SS rr————_ therefore he had ented he most ones werk thn Aetrly Sia wanted hint to go eo Madina ino rele peer wa found Maver St weed Sit coe 0 Sl ater giving the ltrs to Shaktea Hind a8 ay important jobs were tobe done. This furher shows that Shaikh ee B00. Andon ithe pono Mauls Hara Ps pak who was to be contacted if Abdul Rahim could not roceed 5 ‘Madina and no reliable Haji was found. eee Sindhi explicitly mentioned thatthe matter was very pot ugar rel He wate asec iaikh-ul-Hind during that Haj only and reply shox t Sega bene eehuagae cP eens tut note east Sindh wanted 0 wanted fo convey his leader Mehmood. Hasan ha he soul ty sade nd oh teh a Sat aay gl suport fT Sher urate forging war ope the tes lowing isa tant version of the crigal leer of Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi to Shaikh-l- of Maan ‘to Shaiki-ul-Hind Mehmooddo Deshand Ulema’s Movement forthe Fredom of Indie Ae Surrsrsiirod er Paiste piniiain itn Sidiins re) Bengt epiact liberi ellen thd rege Heep pirds veatiors ease pte toes Sgro Pure aL K Babi SPL ei IAAF Wes paren ART ptoab bata oat Mle” tLe Bis LEM eptr wer SLAF eri Lng atge NBL eM arent lephotthegn orf Race Lv ar Labi cuPisbeline Lip iSeoleont Mbunbie wid un sgolug Bib heer ——E___-LUhl lO a... . Dar-Uloom, Destand 61 cet g yA LAL ou eAvInie cole ine Pr Sse Sheng SELL tect Yur" Ld Nis EP OMe AE nk iobenstihe Ake abe Leif Se Loe 2S Uiling pode ert So tURike LOS Thulin dy cairn ek ete SHS Sed n Mrsene 2 SG Sa PE SALE run AG tite tye socrine tee Pte Sn Bie ort ti eA Lot Bel IoBn tie wig sunlit si bomE Lou Sent AoLteccrheuduhrber oI ur LU AL bre hic ore SGC SIS Una Akl Natratsh Snes d te SOF UM “ (Nets Lunia BornlLipbtites whine Soleo inst: (WOT Se eamgs62 Deobard Ulema’s Movement forthe From of india qrricn Bil nah Cnteer bh pe eg doiSbe we LePIep ota VoweP aout alte et ah eS STagir Susy Ce BI At aby A Leet Srhecvin PE rtybl Roce sik Ae Nr EP gh nbn henittge be Biche alone WUE Sp Se the Fat PiEntitegedr editing Capteur or Wh hh PAZ st ISS Lettre eho Pugin Satirist votiuhh «cnt SeeGestruh PL IAruler SAPs Absay KatereisingtordiyadPoriraig nie cab gtE Ul tu Ltr se MILO eG Pupiber hag Miser Lise MLV Tees ae nbieleSincletg lel st es Mt LifeywadnhrtiptormLerarylnlonr ub (Peon « hatin bent Ae be = r_--- i 7 = Dero, Dectand 63 mB rg cr a Si Pe rn EO RMT Shug Migs Pspieiod- Cereal BE ca MG tel Me? Pogo LTV AL ore ite Woh, AE ABO pe Rh AP Loe otlertegyn DigPonWid-g AVL LL yo EULO AMS Rue ILE piste se SL forte CELI Li tale gill Airc dlge Lh BLA ag Gut KLIS i ALR Pu henfpaghey SILA SePLiuiir Uf ol hoot eg Yorete Hatetbg tL ntl NB dt Wert hh cpseie. Ubiglorre ali nscuthiienel PU Seti tum iLe vle Wie LE Sey aleu4 Desh lets Movement forte From of Indi erab ee fele sul Mest bnw Sib Saber n Auta TAIT es wach Ort Old spb BW Ung () FIO Poly) srohuplDE AO or esieZ ucdiAya Westin OPLEAO Of Ag eB Wp lneld WIM THOR) — Ubdtecrntyy evs on WE spremine PAO AS 2e ehduetin peo Parr Oneusrg aun) W728 Darts pnp esettir (OO ubiaciepbi() — e Saptari) Osan dtr eise usr) le def) tera) odor SoU tlasie Oda Darul-ttloom, Deoband 6 Papbee) Setuete i) URAur ar) out RAD ONS ASTAMIDS oe AURSIPOA) wept BHC) KAO) po) CoAT SAU) deni) BF (9) oF watdiig () SpttncLasire (ra) TP Wr ee arunUA Aiutlt GAsursar eB LEA Gr Hb ie Salter sole! utr Abi, PeSiter pai Sitolda oA Aly Bt REI GSINISIP SN Ke rnsireircnentayattarstw’ Wes Puresinthrsir Pir Pith hy a ete Sa Ler SUA of Sate166. Devtand Ulemuts Movemnt for the Presom of dia ecutive IP SABUVE ASI Pog bY Sapeces ear bree ge edad: AaB SS PIAS MeL Wee ferry Bhat wi SEE BOSAL Hanne FU PUL os eat was ce boo iSite nib ten iad) ar-ul-Uoom, Decband 67 MAULANA OBAIDULLAH'S LETTER TO /MEHMOOD-UL-HASAN Ramzan 8, Sunday, Kabul Hazrat Maulana, This is about the journey after Jeddah. We reached Bombay safe and sound. There was no strict checking on the port. Maulana Murtuza,Sahab believes the work is impossible, Therefore, he has not been brought. Maulana Zahoor Sahab was in Bombay to receive us. Mohammad Hussain Randeer’s funds drive failed because of the opposition by Syed Sahab. Qateed of Randeer was to go once again, but I don't know waat happened. Qazi Sahab finally agreed to help and by keeping faith, allowed the mission to work, He intends to go on a year’s leave so as to work systematically. Every third member of the mission is taking pact in the struggle. Matloab departed. Syed Noor is considerate and helpful. Every month Hakeem Sahab goes to the house and pays Rs. 50. He also goes there once or twice in between, Doctor Sahab also goes to house ‘occasionally, The party pays Rs. 10 as pocket money to Haneef, He is at home. The school didn’t favour him, The school authorities are busy in serving the government. Maulana is impressed with the school and used fo instruct servants. Maulvi Rampuri also remained aloof from ‘extending support and Masood did the same. met Hastat Azad. Both have been rendered jobless. Since it was impossible for me to return to Hasnoor, I moved forward. "After showing the Ghalib Nama to fiends in Hindustan, 1 brought it to Yaghistan. Now, Haji is also in Mahmand, Immigrants have spread fire in Mahmand, Yajod, Sawat, aneer etc. The publication of Ghalib Nama has created a good impactin these places. Therefore itis necessary that Yaghistan68 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of India seayng her afer leaving the par He hasan offer fom the Se ney The delat comprises Fzlinand Abdu A Bere eg susgessfal in having access to the cour of Fae dees help of Maulana AFNzim and Hh Abdel Nasr Tee given an sudence with him (Nasrallah reek Saat. He was apptsed ofall devas ofthe work hy btrased his approval f Allah wishes, {will meet Sow sn thi sega “intonation a fellows: Gernan and Tsk fat Gecles) and thelr ambassadors reached here, but sae Sic succesy The reson f Tskey abould have coulda out ther needs and requirements through Tran JA Aighanistan, and should have tried to full them and a nethawe signed a pect eendShip as per theprevalling aa aniston nether na ams fr a big bate, rot gee cette asses, Therefor, she cannot petelpate in funds Prectsnry arms hangs, offcers and engineers ate 2 wae ed an agent made fo compensa ose In cst Be eek Afghaisian is ready to take part imo a ae een Peime Minister (Nssrllah Khan) and Defence Freie uns have made tir ieuence stronger in places Mir Mahmend, Yajod, Sowat, Baneer, Chaksex de aE Kama, Kohastay Deer Chicar ee and would crated ols about te participation in a wat This a ee on completed to a crsin extent, Ambassadors of Cera ae departed. Tucksh ambassadors ae SN ay joa es surprising tat hey have coe <= aaa ey have not brought ay leter From the embassy handed The eins stutin? Mana AvNazim fie Hee oe ed trust of the government fo some extent Metts Beteing made to prove the Britches 5 pies. Ths tema ep eect ta some extent but has #08 Been 2 Complete so te ent someBritshers and Sikhs ae fe with she ea ag bau Ravzakh Sabab and due fo themercy of see oly Prime Minister, Maulana Al-Nezin looks after see ane Atos hay no been entrusted wth 205 sae cent responsiblity, but he i involved in some Darul-toom, Deoband 69 importantal works with dhe permission of the Deputy P Mies The deaf which ae pnder There is one group from Hindustan that is making eff Kabul. He has svached here afer gaining the tus of Tustish ad German Kings. Nazim Sabab and Maulvi Barkatallah are ‘isministers. Ths group is making efforts for agreements with keminded people, vhs achieved al aces Sade ave a main Fle inthis work, some of whom sil meet you after securing power. Insha Allah. ae cpotinaier op nut abeis Isami group A Meslin rues You ave been appotted alts head snd will be called as General or Alued as per the may principles Is headquarters wil bein Madize: Thereore you should stay there and try fo secure agreements with Turkey, Alghanistan and iran, Apart from Gis you will een propose regarding Afghanistan and Yaghistan 9 Oodam. Regarding parcpation in-a wat, Afghanistan wants the above mentioned conditions tobe fll Ivor the Tucksh government in this regard, os ealy as posable. Because this E the only option to strike hard at inde Altempis are on to bring you fonda though Maulvi Mohsin Syed Noot Ths because it is leamt that the work ean be done in Hajaz also, Here, the Britishers aze not loo Here, the Brits looked upon as they once used to (ez Saha Hakeem Sab and Dr Shab av opposed to your ieguent vine fo Hindustan Threat has ereased especially after the episode of ‘Ghalib Nama’, thet such programme should be granted pe: n House has be So part plan to hasbeen given tothe party pln fo meet you and ‘hope I will succeed by the grace of Allah. Maulana Nazim, asian Sai Fachn, Abu As and al he migrated oaths wy fens to you. Convey our Salaam to Aziz Hussain Wahed, alana asin and laier nd brothers, Harmar At on aa, ater of had ave bean posted Conveyor Slum Shah Syed ed Kade Sond fore no70. Devband Ulema’s Mavement for the Freedom of India CObaidullah Sindhi had attached a list of office’bearers of ‘the Junud-ur-Rabbaniya Junud-ur-Rabbaniya Patrons: (1) Salaral Muazam Khalifat-ul-Muslameen (2) saltan Afumed Sheh Khachay, Iran and (3) Amir Habibullah Khan, Kabul “Sttice-beaters: (1) Anwar Pasha (2) Wali Ahad Daulate Osmania @) Prime Minister of Daulat-e-Osmani (4) Abbas ‘Batra Pasha (5) Shaif-e-Mecca (6) Deputy Prime Minister of ‘Aighanistan, Nasrallah Khan (7) Moin-us-Saltanate, Kabul, Meier Inayattullah Khan (8) Nizam, Hyderabad (2) Walle: Bhopal (16) Nawab Rampur (11) Nizam, Bhawalpus, and (02) Rais-ul-Mujaheedin Salar (General: (1) Sultan Maza Hazrat Maulana ‘Mubritis, Deobandi (2) Resident General of Kabul, Maulana (Obaidullah Sahab. ‘Nuib Saalar (Lieutenant General): (1) Maulana Mobiedin Khan Sahab (2) Maulana Abdul Rahim Sahat iG) Maulana Ghulam Muhammad Sansb (4) Maulane Te) Gluhamad Sahab (3) Maulvi Hussain Ahmed Madani (6) Maul Haft Tarangzai (7) Dr Ansar (6) Hakeem Abdul (Coban Sabah (9) Mullah Saab Babra (10) Kohastan (11) Jaan’ Saha (12) Maulvt Ibtahim Sahab (13) Maulana Muhammad Riyan (14) Hafi Saeed Ahmed Ambhetwi (15) Shaikh Abdo! seesgpavis (16) MaulviAbdul Karim Sahab (17) Maulvi Abdul aaiye Rahim Abadi-16) Maulvi Abdul Rahim Azeem Abadi Go) Maule? Abdullah Ghazipuri (20) Nawab Zameeraddin Sned (21) Maulvi Abdul Bari Sahab (22) Abul Kalam Gy) Muhammad Al (24 Shaukat Ali 5) Zafar Alt 26) Hastat Kiehant 27) Maulvi Abdul Qadar Khaswari (28) Mautet Beckattulah Bhopali (29) Peer Asaduilah Shah Sindh “Moin Saalar (Major General): (1) Maulvi Saif-ral-Raham (©) Maulvi Hasan Moradabadi (3) Maulvi Abdallah Anssr ()) Meer Sirajuddin Bhawalpuri (5) Paghala Abdul Qata (8) Basheer Rais-ulMujaheedin (7) Shaikh Torakim Sind {B) Maulet Muhammad Ali Knosur (9) Syed Suleman Node? (10) Umadi Ghulam Hussain ,Azed (Ii) Kazim Bey Dar-ul-Uloom, Deobend 7 Sn at a naan at G) Maui “Abdul Hag Eohort () Myon Facatllah Sie tacts ieee tency Matamad Mubees 20) Mauivi Muhammad Yousuf Ali BA () Abdul Hameed BA, (6) Haji Shah Bageh Sindhi (9) Maulvi Abdul Qadar Deenpuri (10) Maulvi Ghali nab (i) Muamad A St ae (12) Sabbah lajor: (1) Shahnawaz ur motte (2) Abdur Rahman and (3) Abdul tapi () Mokmunad Sain ane Lieutenant: Nadir Shah. eee Now what lows ithe vt the tacond part of Sinai ee. ‘hs port a bascaly about the Brovsicnal Goverment72. Desband Ulnu’s Movement forth Freedom of iia snreBeckof ibe a Pee neh ivler lied nett Sabeatedl Lesvaice pBigd adictile Betabhe suleaseal “Weve teh NLL L EY etasnarlnpanten Stieber cei pedis Bart Lprcersit Phe th LIAL PLL ows fPHE A cede til pL ALE inte B Kredit dices ARAL Udo tte Laole LL Laine Pint Probie Lotutoslenatt tahertintinbrttite dL unl Eine! ile Sasbfeursud StS AaB CYA AiLebyt ius eta rag etl torrehspre nt PALS rye KP Shel bee! SAO ee Dar--Ulom, Desband 73 Fe inet hE LL AL Sce- ie ISG ES tie te AMR Maing Steal bid cc ste fhr) Pelagia Lomectur ~qUoL pfeFulo testi (Pr) Ont phn wh tuesday EP n) webb yobeni ln ttuse 2c) EMEA A robtene tbc cobyt APO iS AMS rot ange nL wuss Gus)“74 Deoband Ulemals Movement for the Freedom: of tna “hen wh ish goon rom Bandra and Maen rtm rater Paving close aston and descendant of Ban Chancel ist ear and att seh Anja Te foe concering nal, he brought «fetter Tealvng at ing ae the nan tes ints resud : + cermnan Chancellor, Hazrat Khalifa Maslaeen ke Cee Selndanapresetatve Malaita atoaecepted nas a seoacept i ein Jopan and America, a0 opal who et Representatives ofthe Chanerlior and Pratap from Der ce alo wit tem and ad reached Sr ——— CT Kabul 10 aye ng ana ter fried an organisa ossoal Goverment Soe pon the organisation Tenly sey Ses ering i vie the terest of la organisation are Sula will acept er prince 5 2 fatare King This issue was also brought to the notice 4 Ee my com oe 4, How he more delegation is to Teave for Japan and oA (rap gn ee ee wna {have good relations with the German Embassy, which wil prove beneficial forthe Islamic cause. Dar-ul-Uloom, Deoband 75 [Raja Mahendra Pratap isthe President of the Provisional Governinent, while Maulvi Barkatullah Bhopali is the Prime Minister and the undersigned is a Minister Sincerely, (Obaidullah) A cursory glance at the letters shows that Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi has given a detailed report on the then prevailing situation to Mehmood-ul-Hasan, who was in Madina those ‘days. The first part of the letter begins with Sindhi’s journey from Jeddah’™ onerards, with details of who was doing what, hhow and where. The second part is about the provisional government and the various missions planned. However, sil there is @ need to highlight some important issues that gave sleepless nights to the British authorities, ‘Their frst cause of worry was the widespread network of revolutionaries and thelr access to vital and powerful Countries like Turkey and Germany. The revolutionaries were Almost on the threshold of getting support of these countries. Turkish and German missions to Afghanistan, Ghalib Nama anistan’s willingness to participate in the war against «dition of supply of arms and troops prove this point. According to the letter Sindhi had written about the Afghanistan's demand for troops to Melimood-ul-Hasan, who in return was to convey it to Turkey ‘Secondly, the letter reveals that the revolutionacies had already made a provisional government and under the {guidance of Mahendra Pratap and Maulvi Barkatullah it was robilising support by sending missions to various countries. ‘The British became worried after knowing that an army of young revolutionaries called Junud-ur-Rabbaniya was formed, As per thelist of offce-bearers of this organisation, the Britishets farther learned that it was a big conspiracy involving patrons like Sultan Almed Shak Kiuachar of Iran and Amir Habibullah Khan of Kabul, and revolutionary leaders like Shaikh-ul-Hind, Mehmood-ul-Hasan, and Maulana Obaidullah Sindhiof Idle 76 Desband Ulema’s Movement for the F c + dubbed the eters a5 Intl the Bish Government dubbed he eters = insignificant and termed the ee ae ar Bathe that there was a el conpisac key To case far and wie repercussions nets mequey shows that the go fede othe conpiicy spree fom Kabul Yaghista, ibd acina and stems fo eek the lp of ig and ‘ev coms ike Tuy, Geman an 7 Following are some of the ees ae of the British’ officials exchanged during the cot inguiry™ ‘TOP SECRET Parti Pal te eal Mowe yp cane na aoe important for India regarding J.W. Hough August 1, 1918 Pon es ch Sa sr, ret ie At CORSA eases ore ae ein ae Tei reelver ofthis etter had close slationship with Dar-ul-Ufoom, Deobond 75 the celigious schoo! of Deoband and went to Hajar in September 1915, where he turned Into a pans leokeg otoious rebels The messenger, who brought these leters isan Indian citizen who went to Kabul in 113 with sade rom Pa and i til residing in Kabul Following sthe summery ope teter: The German mission was given a red carpet welcome in Inia, but they fled in thes mission since Ney ooeied any asistance or tiring othe Afghsn mliary, Then coon dese having any agreement with Alghansan Bot uskey ates on thee to points and in case of toy of adele it pronises protection to Afghansian, ens moc ke part inked Meanwhile, Amit Nasrllah Khan i using his in tence with independent tribesmen. And itis said tha there nornon rue (A) Muslin Rescue Army’ (uid Rabbis aim i to unite all Maslin kings and tuler- Ie wll compre fi marshals and fifth of them willbe the Shar of Mecca Aneta its Hierarchy, there willbe many Indians, who ae Keowee their rebellious activities, Provisional Government Rags Mahendra Peiap wil bets Presiden she Bathatleh be the Prime Minister ls activites are mentioned tales (®) An ambassador has been sent to Russa andl soon a representative of Rusia will arive in Kabul. Asecseseay fre also being sent fo Constantinople nd Belin thnough Fran Ambassadors wil orm leave for fapan sid Chine ambassador was also sent to India, but there & no posite result Again ambassadors are being sent to Belin nd eke The above mentioned file prepared by JW. Hough ana the report by the viceroy cleatly show that he noseone ‘guint the British as gaining momentum Ike never oy As such, the Brish authosesconcidered the hater eae mast dangerous and treated tsa top seeet-They mere ts aware that the movement was not quelled in ge ieee ‘novtall into a major css and svould ultimately coords the Bish goverment,48 Deohand Ulema’s Movement for the Freedom of dia het casing ins ofthe in se Teor, rs a ne neces eS te govern as rate moverent Tay SASSI Sta rm ai an oe fe seams tna " sre na Were of Maulana Obs nn re ee as wor worn om 8 ore ‘plan and their network was ‘widespread from Afghanistan to plan and sh Moore ing theit best with whatever means Macon They wer 2 vise! Covernersap Jun see ral go hey wee 1 ean ecto fom he Beh YRS Cian icongcerang ene “rsp oft lena tne edo a Y fact, tt sma led the freedom series 2 ttt. te es = sa irom the ont and made supreme sci move sain Semanal : tis aléo evident from the letters that Nasrullah Khan was against the British, whereas the Kabul King ‘Habibullah Khan) eee ee cen pouoe ming at cet prominet Pe aaa ere ed inte cory. The Bash wn were eye sso to wank 2 guthrie ened covet ie lend ha 2 Ce a gai wes Women ages He a “ ee nee sa ete ete: bt is it rept we prepared on September 15,1916)" shows how the goverment Prepare one nan ones some te vee. ew IMPORTANT Viceroy, Foreign Department, September 16,1916, pp. 3820, Secret, Afghanistan 16th September «bua agent ad sepored ha on 6th Seplembet The Bel es cbidlah Sia) had aid on Dar-ul-Uloom, Deobandl 79 ‘Amir. The Amie met him in a closed room, where there was no third man. The Amir expressed his displeasure over the ‘ims and conditions ofthe German mission. He said they had left Kabul in utter displeasure and by then they must have ‘crossed the border. Then, he mentioned the names of Kezim Baig, Barkatullah and Pratap and disclosed that they were staying in Kabul. He further said that he was also anxious to Know as f how to get rid of these people, as they were his ‘guests. Later, he assured that they would leave soon. He then. took an oath that he would never change his decision and vays obey England. ‘This proves the real aim of the meeting, He said that he had received a report in Peshawar about wo persons, namely Qairuddin and Ahmed, spreading rumours in Teerah. They introduced themselves as emissaries of Turkey and they were sent from Kabul. He mentioned that the fist of them is the former teacher of a military callege, who was suspended last year for inciting students to indulge in politics. The second! is ‘bread-maker from a royal Kitchen, who was also suspended. for lack of skills. They secretly went to Teerah and they are ‘not Turkish emissaries, The Amir hasnot given any permission to them to do such things. ‘Then, he conchided saying that whatever he had explained could be passed on to the British Government by an agent so that the misunderstandings would be cleared and that every ‘person should take care of his prestige and position these days ‘Again, what follows is an intelligence report dealing with the conspiracy. It shows that the government had kept a strict vigil on Dar ul-Uloom, Deoband. Initially, the government officials were confused a8 f0 who was the real conspirator — whether it was Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi or his namesake ‘Turk, Obaidullah Afandi, Butter their confusion was cleared. “The Intelligence Report” The conspiracy of Obaidullah Sindhi is briefly mentioned inthe file marked with the alphabet (A). ‘That Punjabi man, who was a teacher in Dar-ul -Uloom, should not be misunderstood with the Turk, Obaidullahsoups anna NSS GN NN NNN MACNOOUNNNENIRR ill Dar-ul-Utoom, Deobond $1 80 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of India ‘Afandi, who was arzested in Iran, but had fled to a place | somewhere between Kirman and Bunder Abbas. re w ‘The conspiracy may appear ridiculousto the English people, ajor Willingar (Major ‘but Muslims, particulary ladian Muslims, trust every foolish Hope you would like to read it. (Four editions)" thing. Thus, undoubtedly, a threat still persists there, as Sir C, CCliveland mentioned in his report on pp. 13-12 File B) “The plan, which was limited to few people, may spread on mats level sooner orate. Tas is also possible that this thought Inight have occurred to Barkatah and Mahindra Pratap and bot to Obsidullah, It 8 aleo related to the revelations, which Mahindra di on the request of German Chancellor in front of the Amir about the relation of Afghanistan, Geran Australia, Hungary and Turkey. Though Ian is not mentioned, iis also a part of the chain.” [Exchange of these letters and telegrams amongst the British officials further strengthens the assertion that the British Government savy all portents of a big war in the conspiracy and left no avente unexplored to curb it. But the conspiracy didn’t achieve much success. History is witness to the fact that the conspiracy had fizzled out, because of drastic changes in te international politics, which, of course, is another subject for research. IRS January 14, 1918. swat March 18,2918. ‘Mr Horse, a Thank very much Willingar"™ Dea Telegram P2600 Secretary of State ‘With reference to the letier that you have sent on. September 15, regarding Abdullah, could you send five rare copis ofthe Clive Land's note and related papers S/d (Hartzal) October 18, 1916 Copy of telegram from Viceroy dated Qetober 25, 1916 Received at London Oiie Secret Hatzal® (CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN THE BRITISH OFFICIALS 1916 eee ‘With reference to your telegram dated 19th instant, IRS ‘we are sendi Meseh 251918 rare sending more copies reguding Oba inthe Pe Sir A. Hartz, Will you send these reminders to Major W, provided you let proper Received more copies of the papers relating to Obaidullah by this post an the following topics: 1. Reminder on the condition of Mustims in India. 2. Anjuman-e-Khudame Kaba 3, Biased Indians and Wahabi sect 'f. Mission of Wahabi sect.|g2 Decbanl Ulema’s Movement forthe Feetom of nia “The Rowelt repost states “The most prominent among those ih hed impressed the thoughts of Maulana Mehmood-al- Hasan was Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi.”* “The above statement ofthe report isa travesty of the truth Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi did not impress Maulana ‘Mehmood-ul Hasan. In fact, it was vice versa, Mine report further mentioned that Obaidullah Sindhi wanted to launch an international movement (Pan-Islamic) Tyainet the British with the help of renowned scholars from, qeepand.2 but the administrator ancl some members of the ical comunttee had expelled him along with his supporters. Shadullah Sindhi was expelled from Deoband as i was the ot the hout. Moreover, the British intelligence had Toumpelid the administrator to keep hi from the school for Gtaatbeing, Therefore, he was just abifted to Delhi, where he care on his revolutionary activities through Nazarat-ul Sieoof as Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi himself said, won the order of Shaikh-al-Hind, [was transferred from Jon CS ana in 1913 (Hel 1381) to work with Nezaratal rhe feng statement of Oita Sindhi clearly proves Fae TS Deoband,ShakvalHind introduced me wih the Pon “Then T wos tanaferred to Delhi, Where Twas his party Teh Ansar who in return induced me {0 Siduane Abul Kalan zed" sana Ae gent makes it lear that Sinds's work ace Sooke en Deaband to Dahl not because oF any yas taney pro asrtegy and a conspicay 2gnnt diferances bt os Pah inteligence seport quoted: “For this the Bl shed an organisation named 2s Jessi BuLpote ors ase Boys Assocation ofDecband= Se ete Bris nteligence defied he ea aan chars vas evabsed by Shakil Hind atc er ulHasan. lial. orked forthe nase Maulana Meine radely it tured into 2 revoletionsss ee Madara ObsidllS was appointed i gan nao ja Ansa asso Bring OMS Gre singe platform Darul-Uloom, Deaband $3 Regarding the activites of Desband, the report mentioned that th school was free fom pola infuence™ However, rly ae ior fmt mar was ying ah are folein te revolutionary cites Its lenders Rd parpated inthe bt of Sha Infact ts members were nent when 2 bits ean had vised the schoo ond the report was mainly tased on tudes and wrong iforation Another shortcoming of hs inteligence report was that s stowed Maulane Obedulah Sindhiss aco gue of the revlutonary movement, hich sa travesty ofthe tut The Rovrlt Committee Report mentions, “Following Sindhi’s instructions Hasan Miya Mehmood, Malana NscotAllnd hese Hindntn on eps 915 ‘and instead of proceeding towards North, they went to Khitta- aes é they went to Ki tha Maulana Mehiood-ueHasan had not fllowed the instructions of Obidlah Sindhi. He wen there because the Bish intligence was ative. He wanted foreach he central place ofthe movement (Yaghisan) as early as possible, but Ehetothe conta hat of anet he went Sele Arla inate In Saudi Arabia, Mcenood-ubasan expressed his dese to Ghalip Pasha, but seeing the crea condition the ler vised the former fo cacy ont his sion from Fah ™ The report further sie eat Maulana Mehmood Hasan had difernces ith he shoe Moktamin apc) {ohammad Ahmed and Nayab Mohtamim (deputy inspector) Navlara Habib utatmars This was hy he ha ed he soup of Obidulah and Malan Abul Kalam Azad alana Hussain Ahmed Madani termed the sport a8 sue ced tat tee wove o ern report had mentioned, When the governor hed visite lobar Menmood-ulHosan Sao, sctualy Having ons wth Mas Ab Klan Ad pute ‘oom, The governor might have presumed that since Mehmood ian was conepcwousby his absence, he must have developed diferences withthe school authort a left the schooL™” ook meric tn[34 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of hidia Directory The British government had ordered a thorough inguiry into the conspiracy of te silk letters. It found that more than 320 revolutionaries, most of them ulema, were behind the conspiracy. The goverment then made a separate directory Steve involved init Following is a brief 2ccount of some of them {Mohammed Ali B.A. of Khasur He was a major general offuncve Rabbaniya. He was invited by Maulana Obaidullah South for inciting people to rebellion in Kabul He was an active member inthe formation ofthe provisional government “ind was present in various meetings withthe German Mission. Hie was sent to northern-west frontier along with the leter of Nasrallah Khan to spread revolutionary activities. The Bish Government was doubt of his presence, but at the time of snquiry they came to a conclusion that he was present in Chamar Qand.®* Mohammed Ali B.A. of Sindh: Moharnmed Ali B.A. of indi also prominently figured on the lst of Junud-e- Rabbaniya, The directory shows him as the brother of the dministaioe, Ahmed AB, of Nazaratl-Maroot. The British Government, however, was doubtful of his arvival in India le was inked with the sill letters conspiracy He came along wth the letters of Raja Mahendra Pratap.” 3, Mohammed Hasan B.A.: He was shown as a lieutenant colonel of Junsid-e-Rabbaniya™ °t Mohammed Hasan Mavlvi of Muradabad: Mohammed Hasan Maulvi of Moradabad was @ major general of Junud-e- Rabbaniya and an important member of Deoband Commitee 'S Mohammed Hasan Muhajis: He played a very vita sole and migrated to the frontier along, with the letters of Serdar Nasrullah Khan, addzessing various ulema of the frontier to sevolt against the British Government. The secret srsignment of Moharined Hasan shows that he was the most trustworthy among the revolutionaries fe Mohammed Hasan Qiyat of Hyderabad: He was 2 comrade of Abciul Rahim for whom the leiers were sent. It Dayul-Uiloom, Deaband 85 ‘would not be wrong to say that because ofthe delay in reaching, to Kabul, the conspiracy of the silk letters was exposed, 7. Mohammed Hussain: The inquiry of British Government shows that he was 2 close associate of Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan. Mohammed Hussain used to raise funds for Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan 8, Mohammed Ismail Khan Hakim Syed Ajmeris The inquiry of British intelligence failed to pinpoint as to why ‘Mohammed Ismail had changed his loyalty. In the beginning, he was very loyal to Maulana Mehmoodul-Hiasan, but when, he was asked to circulate the Ghalib Pasha’s address and work, for it, he refused to do s0.™ 9, Mohammed Miyan alias Mansoor Ali: As Mohammed, Miyan alias Mansoor Ali assumed a prominent place in Junud= ‘e-Rabbaniya, the intelligence report throws ample light on his revolutionary character, After graduating from Decband, he ‘went with Maulana Mehmood-ulHasan fo Saudi Arabla and. Came back with the Ghalib Nama. He succeeded in inciting. ‘people into rebellion in both the northern-west frontier and India 10. Maulana Mohammed Mubeen Maulvi: The intelligence inquiry into the sik letters conspiracy also focusses ‘onthe role of Maulvi Mohammed Mubeen, who wasan ardent follower of Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan; He attended various secret meetings at Deoband. He used to collect funds from, Randir, Meerut, Dethi and Calcutta." 11, Maulvi Sadeq of Sindh: He figured on the lst of junud= e-Rabbaniya as colonel. He spread the mission secretly and played a very significant role in the revolts of 1950 and 1960. He was. arrested at Kamavar* 12, Mohammed Sehwal Maulvi: The inquiry shows that teachers as well as higher authorities were involved in the conspiracy. Mohammed Schwval worked as a senior teacher in Arabiya College of Calcutta, The British Government was suspected his presence in meetings at Deoband and Meccs He also used to send funds to Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan.’® 1B. Mohammed Sayeed Maulvi: About Mohammed Sayeed Maulvi, the British Government had failed to provide86 Deoband Ulema’s Movement forthe Freda of India any concrete information. He was arrested only on suspension. Mid. Mohammed Salim: In the case of Mohammed Salim also, the inquiry report failed to get enough information. He ‘as arrested on the ground of suspension. 115. Mohammed Tarai: He introduced Maulana Obaidullah Sindhi to Prince Inayatullah Khan of Kabul and helped his a Tot and was a good friend of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and Barkat All “16. Mohammed Yousuf Maulvi Gangohi: He was the grandson of Maulana Rashid Gangohi, the religious leader of Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan. The inquiry failed to establish whether ke was a follower of Maulana Mehmood-ul-Hasan, ‘17. Munir Bey: He was 2 Turkish doctor working as an in-charge in the civil hospital. He also participated in various secret meetings of the revolutionaries * NOTES 4. Dr. Zia-ul-Hasan Farooqui (1963), The’ Deoband enn for Paisen,p- 22, Asia Publications, Dell Syed Tufail Ahmed Manglor (945), Musilmmoon Ke Rushes Ahustagil, p18, Mohammed Samvullah Qacimi Kutubkhane ‘Azizi, Dell Ibid, p.3. Ibi p20 Bid, 28, ‘Tarachand (1972, History of mont Ind, VM, p 2, Ministry of Information & Broadcasting, Government of Thdia, New Del SyedTufel Ahmed Manglor (1945), Op. cit, p. 47. Tarachaned (1972), Op. ey. ver Tulail Ahmed Manglori (1945), Op. ct, p. 14 Di, pa. Ibi, p. 366 Board of Eaitrs A story ofthe Fesdom Movement, Past p. 355, Renaissance Publishing House, Delhi, 10 054 13, Syed Tafall Ahmed Manglon (1945), Op. et p. 171 $4. Maulana Syed Mohammed Miyan, Op it, p. 68 3. 4 5 6 15. 16: I ot IP, Buble Daly Metal, mi Reso am Resi in Bt nla 9 Princeton University Press, Princet Pe wa paseo ney fe Pca Newey 1S 2 Bip. 2: Onda Quist (98), AK De Sakafat Islamia, Club Roac nore, on = tak Nosla Syed Mohan Mian, Mi 5 yen, Opt 25. Baar Day Metal Op y Mall Ope pat 26, Mauna Sed hata Mifan Op. p 2B, Bata Day Meal Opp 32 f: Maslra Syed Mowat Mika Op crt Wife Op cp 6 3 on Bing bee meh 3 Ine be 3h Be 35. Buea Daly Meal Op 36. Thid. Ate 27. Maidna Syed Mohammed Miya, Op p38. 38. Ibid, p. 81, aaa 3 hp ba i hd, pp. 2255, {2 Mila Syl Mohammed Mayen 0575), Asim ‘Jama ook Depo Ba 6 mops ine fea Did. . a De Zita F Fog (196, Op yp 7 Maulana Syed Mohammed Mian, Gp. ep 136 Maulana Osta Sabo Zee Dey of ees Obit Sinai p38, Nawaz Publication, St. Diy. ooo 52 it3. Deoband Ulana’s Movemest forthe Freedom of India , Mana Syed Mohamed igen, Thee Shaolin Ma nat Book Depot Des ss, ip 2 58 Tad p28 6, ip 2 56 Bi pail Sn, Op at B® Sd pe Be bw bat ae © mips tad 8. x Eat. _ of BER Sian nanan Saha tnt wes eA Sa rab Set al, $50, Meo ert nam, Fasten Chow, Kerwc co ee ees Rs Man, Or 8 7, tit et oo. bet Tet 70. it pails Si Op B54 7. ti a Ti ra _ 75. Ti syot Mohammed Miya, Op cy P 253 7, i 7. i, p28 7. fo. Bit 6 i, 2 ti p58 5. hed Sh i SS tae 2 6, Bi pp. 257258 86. Bids PP. e | ___.. ee. ee | { Dar--Uloom, Deaband 89 9. ti 58, Maulana Syed Mobaunned Miyan, Op cit, p12 94, Tbid,, p. 101, ” P 95. id, ps, 36 tnd 2. 97. Id, pa 9 tp 2 98. Ibid pp 20927 100, tp 26277 101, Ii’ poe, 102. ip. 270 103, ype 104 fh pp. es 108, fh ish 106, Obeid Quast 199), Opt, 223 107, Maulana Syed Mabammad Miya Opi p27 10a. bi, ps. 100. i 10. ih, p20 1 i Dn bit Ub. Bat, p. 124 na bit 1S. iit, p. 26 He. tsps. 1g, p19. ue fa, p19. 119. Bid, B36 120. i 121, fh, p.m 122. I’ psa 123, Malina Obaidullah ind Op. ct, p27 1B Maulana Syed Mohammed Migan, Opp. 2. 125, Bia, pe oe. it 1ay ta, rae p. 63 12s, ii’ Par tp. -64 129. Tid, Part, pp. 6-65.90 Deoband Ulema's Moveme id, Par p68 Toit, Part p. Bid 2 Bi, Past, p. 70. That, Part. Tet, Peet, p22. Bi bi Ii st forthe Freedom of India 4 NADWAT-UL-ULEMA MOVEMENT Towards the end of Nineteenth Century, the political and cultural dominance of the European Civilisation had become an established fact in the sub-continent. The European Civilisation brought in its wake not only the scientific spin, but also instruments that tended to render the Eastern values and cultural constructs insignificant. Besides, the presence of foreign forces on the sub-continental soil encoitraged the missionary effort of the Christians who flocked to the lands of East to “guide the heathen” to a proper path to the God. ‘The work of the missionaries combined with the onslaught of scientific education and promotion of concept of secularism ied the Muslims to introspection about the lurking danger to their own civilization and culture. Keoping this in view, some Islamic scholars felt the need for an organisation that would safeguard the faith of Muslims against the onslaught of European culture. Nadwat-ul-Ulema, a product of this line of thinking, was established with the aim of bridging the gulf between the old and the new. It set about bringing Darul- loom, Deoband and Aligarh Muslim University closer to each ther. Inthe forefront ofthe formation of Nadwat-ul-Ulema was Maulana Mohammad Ali Mongeri, who founded it in 1894. He was a strong advocate of bringing together the Islam and modern education, Monger said, “There isa great need of a group of ulema92 Deoband Ulena’s Mowement forthe Fream of Ila tamil wich sould abobeintouh with heey Cetamicsolae ent should ko wha the Tues of af rd ean wha ype olen tte ee eran es lat one man ston TS oo he ang ine of wea gaining grad, ve confine temas othe comet ee ofthis Homes, aon, The suggestion, therefore, are Sor worth flowing TRESS background, Maulana Monger thous worn NS nara, which woul impact rious appropriate et eentifc education 10 student Fey as wel ro ame a typeof sylabus that conform therefore detesgious andthe scenic needs of the me Er Er — ogee end to ake our students adhere 10 ee suggestions aie ht te ca create a np! o> eign in sch age supevionty and broadness ob. Brn te eden despite whi it Darl can be rat oe ngs are excelent, Deer 8008) Uo wher ry that of te liesportant QU a arnt duction ence oul be ceated 0 thatthe nies Me belive) can be faced. el pa who drew a sketch of the Dur Ca Sa ane emphasised on the need of seule 6 Ll ating ent cont ver ober eubetsPY SN and gaining iy aware ofthe crzent sitaton om He thes? Be edorof Nidwat-a Vers, Mavlana Syed Muhammad enero ert the asian etor of Dara Ul, ‘t,eot aipe ay and teacher, Maslana Abdul Late Maulana Aig them on the ams and objectives of Dar Rebar ai great sess on fou tinge T Tporough knowledge and understanding of pines Tao eh ery esata oF 2h PHN Saat succes leade? 2, Bik Sfenines and broad outlook [Nadtoat-ul-Ulersa Movement 93 3. Modesty and balance; and 4, Knowledge of Qur’an and Arabic literature ‘he aim behind formation of Nadal Uleme was aso fo ae ee amongst he lena and ne fo fe cause ofl. hen he nacher of madre Isla ‘shad, Maulana Muhtag lr Nageenavi? was sent on EF lnuportant places ofthe coun he was given leer — ote Necweral-Uleme listing i Peirce em nace ag eto commu, Usnahaveilerencs on pty bau ee he age ofboth hewn an ars being taeda tee wo Tb wes oy sewer foment us vl esa convention of Nadwatl- Ue was held a sys Cn tin cn ato na Shs Noman’ speech on Dats of name chaos oF 0D0ULrlr ‘enment th coy reso both lami and prevalent SEicaton were he har of lena: ese esc ebout nan fasing, tla sed pose feel cases. They Sele on nn aoe apt ig ned 2 huis the ulema nh ved 10 ook ae bel religious and other worldly matters” a as Gu held or the idiferest attitude ofthe temas ts rteral squabbles sod ter lots fom fhe ‘Gaon people had seduce ier sle in he sol and kept Shem con oy toe relgios ater. Fe called upon the veligioustecher fo fght ihe wend of dominance of thteaatlisaton and bein ouch wh commen man Sere lormaton ofthe Dana. Uoom Lucow which oo, ——=_— avention wea held en Ocober #1096! 4 zeport was fresened on she oreason, whieh seteated the four base Bijctve of te school Le wo inpert slo and sec education, Thy becrse only tose who Rave a through ned on Shaves wil be able To kaw aber dares94 Devbanad Ulema’s Movement for the Freedont of Inia adopt sani nding on flowers ano nape sie to adopt Dining on er besides resting farsightedness and semtioned abjecven 2 ae SeTeE es in contory Wh ehgio¥s and 2 ec en Drs Uoom has ben ending rine sme path eee Wuned person who came forward Sn community was Maula Sib, who stated Shing Oneal x ez wn coin” * ang Or de conceded tht, Neds ed fo Hovey gna persone wo could lend the old with Brod ed rork soa lnk between the Aligarh and the coband se 1s was not concise, Nor Peoband schools. Besides ts syllabus Was se Deco te standards of modem scented did conor tended rerlts could ot be ecieved. eecened about tis avvbeck of the school, the caine aban Albim}® Maulana Muhammad Husna, Be eee “Drastic changes in the syllabus commented: Ndowt-ul-tllema Movement 9 notwithstanding, there is a need for not only effecting revolutionary changes, but also revamping it completely. I gain the impression that syllabus-makers af times tended to avoid realities of the day, which cannot compensate for the defects and sooner or later they will come to the fore.” Nadwe’s Golden Jubilee was celebrated by organising a commemorative convention from October 31 to November 3, 1975. On this occasion, several promising stidents of this institution felt sad because they had thought that in the background of the changing times, efforts would be made #0 synthesise Islam with modem education in a mannez, which the world understands and cecognises. Nothing of that sort had, however, happened. ‘That is why the syllabus still neods modifications. Thus, the decades-old review by Maulana Maudodi regarding the syllabus still holds. He opined: “The benefit that can be availed from this sylabus is that it will be possible to churn out more {qualified scholars, who will be able to speak the languages of Germany and America, This change, however, will neither ensure power to ulema, nor make the world accept the leadership of those ulema who lead towards Heaven, and reject those who lead towards the Hell. For this purpose, itis necessary to form 4 new organisation with the following characteristics?” 1. It should end the individual identities of religious and ‘worldly education by merging the two instead of burdening students with all the knowledge, ‘concise and faculty-wise system of education should be adopted. 3. Both the teachers and students should have a definite goal before them and there should be sincere efforts and actions to achieve it 2 Nadwatul-Uloom’s slogan of convergence of old and new, however, became popular among Muslims. Hence, in 1903" Mairasatul-Asla was founded in Sara-e-Mir, Azamgarhin UP, which was developed by Allama Farahi and Mzulana Shibli In this school, special attention was accorded to summary and(96. Deobund Ulema’s Movement forthe Freedom of indie understanding of the Quran ane stody of Azabie ws, S58 understanerest and passion, Modesty and sinipic Sg with Bet al, Tahacek sla Hind got strength fom tis Wool which prodaced many able leaders sol Dar us Salaam, Omerabad also adopted 2 So. syllabus and gave the slogan of convergencs 315" ‘and old syllabus re sical to find such an example nay OO ea pat of the country, Which has t0 8 red! eh southern Par promoting a tolerant society, Thesefers, cated Suleman Nadi sed to cali a Noda of Maula Snook was stared in Taj-ulMasajid in Bhopal sou of Nadia and now ithas become an important enter bf education in Madhya Pradesh. ‘triyat-u alah in Balaiya Gun), Amazgarhy 20 BT she plogan of Nadvva and aimed at producing PoOPY, ‘with thorough knowledge of the Qur’an and Sunray who would shorough portant issues and would be well vers soo er fan smc in nature. Jamiyat-ul Falah Sas Poet i. Its certificate of suisypat is recognised 2s equivalent to fat of the Board of Alina Eaton, Us students are the torebeazes 0 Tevermasiags Tent and its old students used fo PUI © Tay magazine calle, Hayte-Na0, which was ei ma} contuibution: Hr fierent schools followed Nadav uh Uloomy Sore sche pefped it, some accepted it as a pioneer and sore