Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
1.2 Objectives
l$ To evaluate the children with physical deformities to unfold their
full potential l To ascertain the medical& psycho-social and educational needs of the deformed children for mainstreaming them into the community successfully$ l To assist the children to reali'e their deformities and help them to over come the deficiencies successfully$ l To demonstrate the abilities of handicapped children and using those capabilities for shaping his(her career in future$ l To stimulate and promote the planning of rehabilitation services and to develop community responsiveness to the rehabilitation programme$ l )dentification of appropriate curriculum to suit the handicapped children$ l Organi'ing seminars and wor%shops for orientation and training of professionals and social wor%er in the field of rehabilitation of children with physical deformities$ l *etwor%ing of +overnmental and *on-+overnmental Agencies for the cause of rehabilitation of physical handicapped$
1. !ocial acceptability
The children with physical deformities need emotional support both from their parents as well as teachers$ They crave for love and security besides encountering various deficiencies in term of health& education and nutritional diet$ )n order& that we have a healthy nation and sound adults& it is necessary that the children with physical deformities are provided with all basic services
necessary for their physical& mental& emotional and intellectual growth$ )f we want to prevent blindness& deafness& mental illness or other handicaps& we have to provide to the children from -!3 years& medical& education and nutritional services$ .everal non-governmental organi'ations are wor%ing in this direction with various tenacious and tangible interventions which are more comprehensive in the areas of health& education& nutrition& recreation and welfare designed to meet the total needs of the children with disabilities$ 8arious schemes devised to suit varying needs of handicapped children li%e$& a) .chools for mentally retarded b) Creches& 9alwadis& *urseries and vocational training centers for handicapped& blind& deaf and dumb$ c) Audio logy centers and hearing aid classes d) Production cum training centers etc$& are in operation at various parts of the country$ Over the years these services could address the emerging needs of physically disabled( mentally retarded and could inculcate a sense of confidence and self esteem in those children$ Apart from this& the aforesaid voluntary interventions could instill sufficient awareness and orientation in public and other social developmental partners towards the rights and respect of the people with deformities$ .ince& the schemes discussed herein have been adopted and e:perimented earlier with pre-determined success& it is beyond doubt to conclude that this project is socially acceptable$
The implementing agency has proposed to construct pucca building( civil structures as per the standards laid down by the =onor Agency(Central .ocial >elfare 9oard in order to minimi'e the cost of recurring e:penses on regular monthly lease rentals and cumbersome procedures and conditions imposed by the landlord$ The total cost of the scheme is e:pected to be met out of the grant-inaid from some *ational()nternational 7unding Agency$
)mpact of socio-cultural factors on handicapped has assumed remar%able significance in recent years$ Psychological problems of physical deformity seem to be a conse6uence of democrati'ing effects of personal poverty& social alienation and cultural deprivation$ The physically handicapped in middle class and lower strata of the society suffer more from isolation as they can loo% to others even for psychological support$ 1any of the disabilities are occurred by birth on account of nutritional deficiencies& which is mostly the conse6uent of poverty$ According to a survey conducted by the *..O& the estimated number of physically disabled persons as on !223 is 44$24 million$ Of this& about ! 5 suffered from more than one type of physical disabilities vi' (i) visual (ii) hearing and speech (iii) loco motor$ Childhood is one of the most fascinating periods of human life that mar%s the transition from being a dependent child to an independently functioning adult$ )n )ndia& there are " million handicapped children with either one disability or other& in the age group of !-!3 years& comprising "$45 of the total population$ The health related e:periences& attitudes and behavior of these children are initially lin%ed to their social& educational and economic aspirations and options& which have strong impact on their future as well as the society$ @nfortunately& the uni6ue developmental& se:ual and reproductive health needs of this segment of the )ndian population are poorly understood and underserved$ .everal studies revealed the magnitude of the challenges confronting the children of this age group$ l --5 of the girls and 4 5 of the boys in the age group of -!3 years in this sector& in )ndia are illiterate$ l ;;5 of the total sector lives in utmost poverty l -"5 of the sector is nearly neglected in this country$ l !;5 of the sector is engaged as child labour in dangerous and ha'ardous industries$ l "5 of the sector is se:ually abused
l about !$,5 of the sector is infected with 0)8 l about 4$" million handicapped girls in the age group of ! -!3 years
carryAs unwanted(teenage pregnancy resulted out of forcible se:ual abuse$ l )BO estimated that around ; million children with physical deformities in the age group of 4 -4- are wor%ing si: days a wee% and one half of them wor% nine hours a day or more$ )t is important that the parents& teachers& health care providers& community leaders& *on +overnment and +overnment Organisations wor% in complementary ways so that the needs of the handicapped children in the following areas are met$ l )mproving child capacities& their nutrition& growth and physical s%ills& %nowledge& life s%ills and livelihood$ l )ncreasing their access to 6uality services and other opportunities
such as education& health& recreation and livelihood$ l Providing a safe and supporting environment at home& school& wor% place and in the community$ The participation of handicapped is essential to their development$ >hen we tal% of participation& we are referring to partnerships that allow the normal children and abnormal children wor% and study together in a mutually beneficial way$ Their participation should not be restricted to programmes that focus on problems which specifically effect themselves$ They are an important resource in wider community development projects and in civil society$ They may be our future leaders& parents and professionals who will run and reshape this country$ )n this conte:t& it is very much essential to growth the children with deformities from early childhood to reorient their attitudes and overcome the wea%nesses$ )t is the responsibility of every one of us to see that their tender age is not abused and they are not forced by their physical handicaps to set them isolated and enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength and that childhood and youth are protected against e:ploitation and against moral and material abandonment$ Article - -, of the constitution declares that <state< must endeavor to provide free and compulsory education for all children till the age of !- years$ .ince the menace of abusing the physically( mentally handicapped children cannot be instantaneously eradicated in view of the socio-cultural prevalenceAs of this society& an alternative strategy would be to provide better health& nutrition& education& vocational training and recreational facilities to children with deformities$
Principles for setting up =ay care centres for Children with =isability Project Planning C 1ethodology
3.1 +actors for child care under ,ational $hildren Policy
a) Availability of ade6uate shelter amidst sanitary surroundings$ b) Ade6uate nourishment in terms of the provision of the right 6uantity of food in right 6uality c) Presence of affection and love in the family as well as in the community$ d) Protective clothing to protect the child from environment$ e) Comprehensive and timely immunisation and protection against diseases$ f) Protection from ha'ardous environment endangering personal safety$ g) Opportunity for growth and development and activity in an atmosphere of freedom and in association with other child companions$
h) Opportunity for recreation and sports i) Opportunities for training and development of child within the community and institutional environment$ j) Provision of ade6uate care for early and immediate treatment of physical& mental& emotional& social handicapped and maladjustments$ Any scheme concerning welfare of children either normal or with physical abnormalities should bear the aforesaid factors in mind and the scheme envisaged under this project is planned in accordance with the tenets of the national children policy$
physical care& nutritive diet& medical chec%-up& informal education and recreation$
8oluntary )nterventions for the >elfare and #ehabilitation of the =isabled )nstitutional .upport
/.1 0oluntary interventions
The following are a few interventions& which can be underta%en by the
voluntary agencies for welfare and rehabilitation of disabled$ a) )nstitutionalised services (i) #esidential schools for blind (ii) #esidential schools for deaf and dumb (iii) #esidential care homes for the children with cerebral palsy (iv) 8ocational training cum rehabilitation centers for physically deformed$ (v) 1ental asylums (vi) #esidential treatment centers for emotionally and mentally disturbed children$ (vii) Production cum training centers b) *on-)nstitutionalised services (i) Creches(day care centers (ii) Pre-primary schools (iii) #ecreational and hobby clubs for children affected with polio (iv) Bibrary facilities and reading rooms (v) *utritional care centers (vi) )ntegrated child care centers (vii) Audio logy centers and hearing aid classes (viii)Painting and craft institutes for physically handicapped$
with their individual re6uirements$ a) Bocations A creche should be located in an urban area having wor% places and in rural areas& where most of the mothers help the families in agriculture related chores etc$ 9ut appropriate care should be ta%en to locate these creches(day-care centers where the concentration(availability of physically handicapped children is there$ )t should be conveniently accessible to mothers$ )t should not be in close pro:imity to any part of a factory where fume& dust& bad odor and noise e:ists$ b) 9uilding l The building of the creche be made of heat resistant materials l )n towns& the creche building should be made of bric%s with finished cerement surfaces and in #ural areas& the floor and wall could be mud plastered$ l The height of the room should not be less than ! feet from the floor$ l The room should be provided with necessary doors and windows for ade6uate ventilations$ l 7acilities for running filtered water& toilet and wash basin should be made available$ l The bathrooms should be ade6uately ventilated and hygienically maintained$ l There should be shady open play ground l The building should be periodically inspected in order to see that it is structurally safe and maintained under sanitary conditions$ c) 0abitation space A creche should provide a minimum of 4 sft for each child$ d) =ensity The total number of babies in a creche should not e:ceed 4,$ e) )nta%e policy ?very creche should lay down minimum re6uirements of admission in terms of a) physical and mental fitness b) age (say up to , years) c) income of the parents (say not more than #s$ ! per month)$ f) 7ees Parent income below #s$ , per month& no fee should be charged$ 7or others& the fee could be reasonable and those who cannot pay in cash could be encouraged to contribute in %ind or voluntary labour$ Those with higher incomes may be as%ed to pay reasonably higher rates of fee$ g) #ecords and boo%-%eeping ?very creche should maintain the following compulsory records$ (i) attendance register (ii) wee%ly progress (iii) case history of each child giving name& and address of the parents& nature of physical deformity& monthly(annual income of the parents& progress etc$ h) ?6uipment and materials
?very creche should have the following e6uipment and materials a) Cradles(hammoc%s for infants b) 9eds for babies over ! year c) .mall and convenient chairs for old babies d) 1attresses and durries e) Cotton sheets f) #ubber sheets g) 9aby blan%ets h) .mall pillows with pillow cover i) Cups and feeding bottles
j) @tensils for preparing mil% and nutritional diet %) Toys l) )ndoor and outdoor play material m) .and pit and wading pool n) 7irst aid %it o) ?:ercise e6uipment p) Ade6uate supply of clothes 6) *ecessary furniture for the staff r) Ade6uate supply of soaps& oils& towels& talcum powder and combs$ i) .taff The ratio between the babies and staff should be (i) one staff member for , babies up to ! year (ii) one staff member for ! babies between !-4 years (iii) one staff member for !, babies between 4-, years age$ .ervices of a part time medical attendant should be available$ As far as possible& the mothers should be encouraged to participate in turns in the day-to-day activities of the creche so that need of appointment of Ayahas could be eliminated$ j) >or%ing hours (i) A creche should have arrangements for %eeping children for 3 hours$ %) 0ealth (i) ?very baby should be medically e:amined before admission (ii) They should be given preventive inoculation and vaccinations against communicable diseases$ (iii) ?very morning& children should be given informal physical chec%up$ (iv) The children with polio should be given regular physical e:ercises$ (v) There should be arrangements for medical chec%-up of babies by a competent doctor once a wee% and weighing them once a month$ (vi) All employees of a creche should undergo periodical medical e:amination for any possible contraction of communicable diseases$ (vii) A creche should have first aid %it and all the staff members should ade6uately be trained to handle this$ (viii)All the inmates(children in the creche should be provided supplementary mil% and nutritious diet as suggested by the dietician( medical attendant$
l1 Recreation The arrangements for recreation of the children in the creche should have the following e6uipment$ (i) 9loc% building games These include e6uipment easy to handle and induce the child to build something and %noc%-it down& boats& trains& houses& bridges etc$& fall in this category$ (ii) 0ouse %eeping games =olls& beds& cup boards& small dishes& utensils will ma%e the children understand the house %eeping while playing with them$ (iii) Play area The play area should have an even and smooth ground$ )t should have outdoor play e6uipment li%e seesaw& swing& toddler tower& low ladder& climber& roc%s horse etc$ m) ?ducation These e6uipment contains letters& numbers& boo%s& charts& globes& scientific e6uipment& models& flipchart blac% boards etc$ n) 7urniture These includes des%s and chairs$
The following is the suggestive inta%e of members into the said committee$ !) President of the )mplementing Agency - Chairman 4) .ecretary of the )mplementing Agency - 1ember .ecretary ;) 1atron of the creche - 1ember -) *ominee from the =onor Agency - 1ember ,) )C=. - 1ember 3) .ocial >elfare 9oard - 1ember ") #eputed .ocial >or%er - 1ember D) 1edia E 1ember The committee will also review the accounts and audited statements of the project$
.3 %an'po(er re3uirements
The following is the re6uirement of manpower by the project$ a) Project =irector E ! c) Administrator -! d) 1atron E 4 e) Teachers -, f) Ayaha - ; g) Attendant E ! h) Coo% -! i) 0elper - 4
, The total cost of the project including the recurring funds for an initial period of 3 months wor%s out to #s$ ! la%hs$ The capital outlay includes$ a) Band C Band development Only& the cost of development is ta%en under the head& since the project is e:pected to obtain the re6uired !, s6r$ yds of site free of cost$ #s$ ! & is allocated under this head to meet the development costs$ b) 9uilding C Civil .tructures The project will be re6uiring around !, sft of civil structures in all and the estimated cost is #s$;, (- per sft$ These structures including provision of ,5 to meet escalations wor%s out to #s$ ,&,!&4, (-$ c) 7urniture and e6uipment The following is the cost schedule of furniture and e6uipment$ .l$ Category(=iscipline *os$ #ate per Total #s$ item (#s$) !$ .taff furniture B. 4,& $ 4,& $ 4$ 0ammoc%s(cradles B. 4,& $ 4,& $ ;$ =urries C Binens B. 4,& $ 4,& $ -$ Play material B. - & $ - & $ ,$ ?ducational material B. 4 & $ 4 & $ 3$ 9oo%s B. , & $ , & $ "$ Physical e:ercise e6uipment B. !,& $ !,& $ D$ 1iscellaneous B. ! & $ ! & $ 4&! & $ Add ! 5 towards contingencies 4!& $ 4&;!& $ d) Administrative overheads (for initial period of 3 months .l$ =escription *os$ Per month (#s$) Total for 3 months (#s$) !$ Power - , $ ;& $ 4$ >ater - 4, $ !&, $ ;$ Telephones - , $ ;& $ -$ Conveyance - , $ ;& $ ,$ 0onorarium to doctor - !& $ 3& $ 3$ #eplacements - !& $ 3& $ "$ 7ood material- #s$ 4,(- !4&, $ ",& $ F , each 2"&, $ e) Total cost of the scheme !) Band C Band development #s$ ! & $ 4) Civil structures #s$ ,&,!&4, $ ;) 7urniture and e6uipment #s$ 4&;!& $ -) .alaries for 3 months #s$ !&!!& $ ,) Admn$ Overheads for 3 months #s$ 2"&, $ #s$ ! & &", $ .ay #s$ ! la%hs f) 1eans of funding
The project is e:pected to be funded out of one-time-capital grant and recurring grant for 3 months from some *ational()nternational 7unding Agency$ )t should ma%e arrangements to meet the recurring costs from the "th month onwards from same on-going developmental funding programmes$
Project ?valuation
As enumerated in earlier chapters this Project will be monitored periodically by a Project Advisory Committee constituted out of the following resource persons$ $ *ominee from local media - 1ember 3$ #eputed social wor%er - 1ember "$ *ominee from social welfare board - 1ember D$ 1atron of the crGche - 1ember This committee would meet periodically& once in ; months and underta%e evaluations of the project basing on the following visible indicators$ a) Constant improvement in the health of the children$ b) Constant improvement in the reception levels of the children c) 1ental improvement of the children d) )ncreased level of confidence e) )ncreased levels of self-dependence f) Change in attitudes of parents towards the children$ The Project Advisory Committee will also go through the accounts and audited statements of the Project will also be reviewed by the Project Advisory Committee and would suggest the implementing agency about the bottlenec%s and methods of corrections$ ?ven the ?:ecutive Committee of the )mplementing Agency will also reviews the progress of the project through an appropriate 1anagement )nformation .ystem(1).) and it would effectively implement the suggestions putforth by the Project Advisory Committee$
c) Civil designs d) .tatutory approvals 1onth " - 2 a) .ite development b) Construction of civil structures c) )ndenture for e6uipment and furniture d) Project Advisory Committee 1onth ! -!4 a) Construction of civil structures b) #ecruitment of staff c) Procurement of e6uipment and furniture d) Admissions e) #eview& reporting