Decommissioning breakdownstructure

November2008

Design Alpha as P.O. Box 24, 5358 Fjell, Norway T: +47 91716184 Kare.kristing@online.no


Contents
1. 2. 3. 4.

Introduction Decommissioning market potential 2.1 Cost pie of a typical offshore decommissioning project Operators initial preparation TIER ONE Break down 4.1 Platform Hot to Cold 4.2 Engineering 4.3 Offshore Activities 4.4 Removal and Marine Operation 4.5 Onshore Demolition TIER TWO Break down 5.1 TIER TWO Platform hot to cold breakdown 5.1.1 Platform closing down 5.1.2 Wells P&A work 5.1.3 Pipeline and subsea decommissioning 5.1.4 Hook down method independent activities 5.2 TIER TWO Engineering breakdown 5.2.1 FEED / Design Competition 5.2.2 Project Management / Project Control 5.2.3 Detail Engineering and Planning 5.3 TIER TWO Offshore Activities breakdown 5.3.1 Safety access 5.3.2 Offshore construction 5.3.3 Riser/conductor cutting and lifting 5.3.4 NDT inspection 5.3.5 Weighing 5.4 TIER TWO Removal and Marine Operation breakdown 5.4.1 Offshore marine operations 5.4.2 Inshore marine operations load in 5.5 TIER TWO Onshore Demolition breakdown 5.5.1 Onshore engineering 5.5.2 Onshore pre-demolition activities 5.5.3 Demolition work 5.5.4 Waste management Appendix 6.1 TIER TWO break down matrix

5.

6.

Decommissioning break down structure

Introduction
This report was commissioned by Scottish Enterprise to break down the decommissioning market into smaller segments, to identify the qualications and competence required for each segment. To review how the Scottish Supply Chain (being Tier 1 Tier 2 or Tier 3) might identify its scope of work within the large and prosperous decommissioning market. In the UK, there are approximately 470 offshore oil and gas installations. These are mainly located in the Northern, Central and Southern North Sea, as well as in the waters west of Shetland and in the Irish Sea. According to BERR the estimated decommissioning dates are seen in the table below:

Decommissioning is the process of physical removal and disposal of structures at the end of their working life. The process starts with a plan formulated by the operator, approved by the government and then implemented. The overall timescale for this is several years, as the program has to take into account many diverse factors. Several companies and organisations are involved in the total decommissioning chain over these several years. In this study, we shall deal with the decommissioning activities that will be initiated by the operator after the decommissioning plans have been approved by the government. We shall divide the different activities into individual segments, and discuss what sort of technology, competence, tools and equipment that is required to execute each individual segment on its own - or whether it has to be integrated into a larger work scope.

Decommissioning break down structure

Decommissioningmarketpotential
As with timing estimates, projections of the overall cost of decommissioning for the UKCS also vary widely; from around 10bn to 20bn. Oil & Gas UKs own activity survey places the cost at just under 12 billion in real terms. The variables responsible for this range of estimates include: the inclusion/exclusion of wells and pipelines the level of removal i.e. success in achieving derogations for installations (and nal status for pipelines) cost estimation methods

2.1

Costpieofatypicaldecommissioningproject

Decommissioning break down structure

Operatorsinitialpreparationpriortoremoval
The operator needs to develop numerous documents and produce background documentation before any approval will be given from the authorities for commencing the physical decommissioning work. Local and international regulations Impact on the marine environment and other users of that environment Re-use and re-cycling opportunities Cost, safety and practical availability of technology

As a part of the cessation program the operator needs to develop numerous documents and produce background documentation before any approval will be given from the authorities for commencing the physical decommissioning work. Descriptions of items to be decommissioned Inventory of materials Removal and disposal options Wells documentation Drill cuttings documentation Environmental Impact Assessment Party and stakeholders consultations Cost and schedule And many more

Issues which also need to be considered by the operator include: Well killing, plugging, abandonment Ageing and corroding to structures Clean-up, preparation and removal of topside Dealing with contaminants LSA scale special waste hazardous materials Steel jacket removal options Transport and ineld ow lines Marine vessel interactions Adjacent eld still producing Clearance of all debris on the sea oor And more

Decommissioning break down structure

TIERONEbreakdown
The timescale of the physical removal program of a decommissioning project might vary from 1 year to 4-6 years or more depending on complexity of the eld, and the numbers of structures to be removed. An efficient decommissioning program is dependant on the specic characteristics of a particular facility, but some generalisations can be made. The various phases below encompass the majority of the various activities that might involve a TIER ONE Contractor. Production cessation is the starting point of the indicated chain of activities. The operator might consider various contractual regimes like a Lump Sum EPRD contract (Engineering Preparation Removal Demolition) or divide the activity chain into separated contracts to be awarded to suitable and capable contractors. This study will divide the main phases into a lower level of activities/segments and discuss the requirement of technology, competence man power tools and equipment that is required to execute each and individual segment.

Decommissioning break down structure

4.1

Platformhottocold
After the nal decision of eld cessation, the platform production and operation will be closed down fully or partially. Hence, depending on the cessation plan, the platform will continue into a status of minimum operation, having only necessary safety and support systems in force. Or the platform will be made safe for an unmanned platform status. The operating company is normally in charge of such operation, due to the fact that several platform and eld operations might be run in parallel. An extensive engineering activity is performed - under supervision of the operating company - to dene any interfacing with other producing elds, and to detail the platform hot to cold activities. Wells to be closed and plugged (P&A) Pipelines to be decommissioned Platform production systems to be closed down Utility and Safety Systems to be closed or scaled down to support the remaining platform activities Maintenance activities to be planned and organized according to the cessation program Mapping of waste and preserving/cleaning/purging of platform equipment Contractual preparation for Removal and Demolition of the structures

4.2 Engineering
The engineering phase might be initiated by awarding a decommissioning FEED (Front End Engineering Design) or a Design Competition to the TIER ONE contractors. The Operator is selecting the competitive FEED contractors through a PQ (Pre Qualication) exercise. In the PQ documents, the Operator has normally prescribed its preferred contracting strategy. During the FEED / Design Competition phase - the various Contractors will develop their preferred Removal Method. Based on the result from the FEED / Design Competition, the Operator will dene its nal contracting strategy, and thereafter award the contract (or contracts) accordingly. The contracts might vary from an integrated EPRD contract (Engineering Preparation Removal Demolition) to a main Contractor, or divide the total scope among to several contractors. This is the starting point of the major engineering activity within the decommissioning chain starting 12-18 months prior to offshore construction. Required resources: 60-100 graduate multi-discipline engineering workforce. Including 70% with structural competence.

Decommissioning break down structure

4.3 Offshoreactivities
The offshore construction phase is in its nature similar to executing a seasonal Shut Down operation. You will have the same requirement for skilled workforce and supervision all pre-requisites to be in place i.e. work packages documentation pre-fabrications onshore support tools and equipment scaffolding crane support marine spread and further. The operating workforce is numbered and composed according to the selected removal method to safety and emergency restrictions to availability of bed spaces to offshore duration - and to the efficiency factors. Depending on the selected topside or jacket removal method, there will be important interfaces with the individual removal operator. Estimates schedule for offshore construction duration: 26 months for topside Heavy lifting preparation. Thereafter the heavy lift operator using their own lifting crew takes over the lifting operation. The modules/structures will be lifted onto the deck area onboard the heavy lift vessel for transportation directly to shore. Or the structure might be placed on at top barges, to be towed to shore. 68 months for Piece small preparation, including offshore cutting and demolition by hydraulic shears into chargeable sizes - for onshore shipment in containers. (Offshore demolition capacity 600800 tons per week.) 46 months for platform reoat operation. Thereafter the physical reoat will be operated from a dedicated Master control vessel and towed to shore. The jacket removal operation will be executed from dedicated marine vessels, with only minor assistance from the topside construction crew.

Required offshore resources: 100300 multi-skilled operators on each rotation.

Decommissioning break down structure

4.4

Removalandmarineoperations
As of today, the removal methods have been: Use of Heavy lift vessels for removal of topside modules, jackets, loading buoys, ares, bridges and various sub sea installations. Use of Construction vessels for removal of 2-6 inch eld pipelines, umbilicals, and various sub sea installations. Use of Construction vessels for pre-removal operations, like ROV inspection, saturated diving operations, sub sea cutting and dredging and other sub sea activities. Use of Construction vessels to support lift off operation of a gravity based steel platform structure, by use of buoyancy volume from platform sub sea storage tanks. Use of Construction vessels to support jacket lift off operation by use of BTA (Buoyancy Tank Assembly). Use of Caterpillar type hydraulic shears, for cutting and demolition of top side installations. The hydraulic shears will cut the topside structure into chargeable sizes for container shipment.

The above mentioned removal methods require its individual detail engineering and planning of marine spread. I.e. selection of various sized tugs, survey vessels, tanker vessel, logistic vessels, trawlers and at top barges c/w grillage and sea fastening. The offshore marine operation engineering will detail the individual vessel operation and dene interfacing procedures and bridging documents, where the ultimate responsibility - for each and individual marine activity - is clearly identied and acknowledged by the various parties and vessels. The inshore marine activities depend on the harbour area and the quay side facilities. During the engineering phase, the offshore removal method including the onshore ofoading will be dened having the access to the demolition yard in mind. The cost of marine operations, amount to approximately 50% of the total decommissioning project cost.

Decommissioning break down structure

4.5

Onshoredemolition
The onshore demolition site will have access to sea, ofoading facilities and ample area for handling and demolition of structures, including warehouse and office facilities. The harbour area must be surrounded by sheltered waters, for various inshore marine activities. The quayside must be constructed to support skidding or trailing operations - from at top barges. The ideal site would have a deep water quay having possibility to receive Heavy Lift Vessels for direct ofoading to the quayside area to facilitate any future decommissioning removal method like topside transported by a Single Lift Vessel or sub sea foundation for grounding of jackets being removed by buoyancy tanks. The open land area must have facilities for environmental protection from liquid spillage, area for scrap handling, waste segregation and storage, lifting/crane support and safe driveways for transport and logistic operations. The area must be securely fenced in and protected from unwanted traffic and personnel movement. The Demolition site Operator must comply with any licenses from local and governmental authorities, to execute onshore demolition work at the dedicated area, licenses for any sort of waste treatment, storage, handling and transporting, including scrap handling.

Decommissioning break down structure

5
5.1

TIERTWObreakdown
TIERTWOPlatformhottocoldbreakdown

5.1.1 Platformclosingdown
Activities might include: Closing down of production systems Closing down utility systems and safety systems only for maintaining and securing the planned and nal operations and duties Preservation cleaning purging of instruments, equipment, tools, skids, vessels and piping systems Waste mapping Preparation for commencement of removal activities or preparing the top side for a Normally Unmanned phase

The close down and cleaning operation do not require any special decommissioning expertise or technology. An experienced offshore maintenance contractor having in house engineering, supervision, foremen and operators, is qualied to execute the offshore task. Having in depth knowledge about the platform systems and the as built documentation. The oil and gas production systems will be closed down in sequence system by system or area by area. Any vessels, tanks, pumps and pipe works shall be vented and pressure released before internal ushing and cleaning. Electrical equipment and batteries to be neutralized and released for any electrical energy. All areas to be inspected and mapped for hazardous materials and special waste. Equipment like generators, turbines, cranes, pumps, motors, special skids and usable equipment to be preserved for possible future reuse. Due to some special cleaning operations and removal of hazardous waste, there might be some assistance from high pressure cleaning equipment and operators including authorized operators for handling of special waste like Asbestos.

Decommissioning break down structure

Deliverables
Equipment for system cleaning including. removal of special waste, uids and solids Scaffolding Safety/emergency system planning System decommissioning engineering Waste management mapping and removal High pressure equipment and operation crew Operators riggers tters - mechanics electricians - foremen supervisors eld engineers safety ofcers Rope access personnel (Abseilors)

5.1.2 WellsP&Awork
The facility operator is required to obtain governmental consent to abandon any well. This entails the submission of a well abandonment program for governmental approval. The program will detail the procedures and equipment to be used in the shut-in, isolation and abandonment. The process of P&A may include a time lag between cessation of production and completion of removal operations. In such cases the process plant may be decommissioned (made cold) but the installation maintained intact pending its subsequent removal. Well plugging and abandonment work is normally executed by specialized service companies, having task specic tools /equipment and in-house operators. The sub sea well intervention is supported by xed platforms or oating vessels. The selected Contractor has to deal with wellheads and casing in various structural conditions. Due to the P&A specialized operations and risk involved, the numbers of P&A contractors are few and also highly specialized. (This study will not cover any P&A work).

Decommissioning break down structure

5.1.3 Pipelineandsubseadecommissioning
In the UK continental shelf there are 11.000(+) km of sub sea pipelines. Ranging from <6 inch to 40> inch. Some pipelines are buried some are covered by mattresses etc. some pipelines are lying uncovered on the seaoor. Standard procedures for decommissioning of any pipeline include cleaning and purging of all internals for hydrocarbons. This removes all the volatile liquids that might be hazardous to the marine environment. This is a market for specialized contractors. i.e. contractors having in depth knowledge of pipeline cleaning - removal/disposal of wax and contamination like mercury and LSA scale using various pigging and ushing techniques. Contractors will have access to tools and equipment for dredging and cutting of guideposts, piles and anchoring arrangements including spooling of umbilicals / pilelines and lifting of the various sub sea installations to the surface for further onshore demolition. Sub sea decommissioning calls for contractors having access to sub sea support vessels, ROV operations including divers and special knowledge of pipeline cleaning - both large transport pipelines including removal and spooling of ineld pipelines and umbilicals.

Deliverables
Construction vessels and marine crew lifting/cranage Sub sea cutting tools engineering and operators Dredging equipment engineering and operators Pipeline pigging and cleaning tools incl. uids for cleaning and preservation Marine operation engineering ROV operations equipment and crew Engineering for pipeline decommissioning Disposal of contaminated waste corrosion products and uids waste route Structural and metallurgical engineering Geotechnical experience

Decommissioning break down structure

5.1.4 Hookdownmethodindependentactivities
At the tail end of Platform Close Down activities, the Operator might initiate a Method Independent Hook Down activity. The task includes engineering, planning and removal of closed down equipment, pipelines, cables and cable supports between modules and structures, without interfering with any possible steel supports or structural integrity for later heavy lifting. Such activity could be an extension of the close down activities using the same operating crew. Or the SOW could be given to the selected removal contractor as a pre start-up activity.

Deliverables
Multi discipline engineering work force Operators riggers tters - mechanics electricians - foremen supervisors eld engineers

Decommissioning break down structure

5.2

TIERTWOEngineeringbreakdown

5.2.1 FEED/designcompetition
During a decommissioning FEED / Design Competition phase -the Removal Method will be developed. The Operating company selects the FEED contractor through a PQ (Pre Qualication) exercise. In the invitation documents to the PQ, the Operator has normally prescribed its preferred contracting strategy. The selected FEED-contractor will seek to develop the most competitive, efficient, safe - and cost effective removal method by selecting the best tools for the job. A FEED-contractor having ownership in Heavy Lift Vessels, will ultimately select a method where its HLV is the cornerstone. A FEED-contractor having ownership in Single Lift Vessel, will ultimately select a method where the single lifter is the tool. A FEED-contractor having ownership in any other removal tool, will select a method that strongly support such tools. A FEED-contractor without any link or ownership to any removal tool, will develop its method - based upon its own experience, knowledge and competence and they will introduce the most cost effective and method without being biased to any vessel or specialized tool. As a part of the FEED study, the contractors will be given access to the structure for inspection, and to company provided documents and structural models. The structural models will be further developed by the contractors to safeguard the structural integrity throughout the selected methods.

Decommissioning break down structure

Deliverables
Experienced Project management Multi discipline engineering task force Removal tool like heavy lift vessel single lift vessel other removal tools Access to required marine spread Access to sub sea competence Access to onshore facilities Established relationship with assisting specialized sub-contractors FEED documentation and Execution Statement

Decommissioning break down structure

5.2.2 ProjectManagement/ProjectControl
The overall project team and its organization form - is very much similar to an offshore installation project. Having its project management, staff and support functions, including the direct operating functions clearly identied as line management and subsequent reporting lines. The project organization reects the contractual regime, dened by the operator. The contract regime might be an all inclusive EPRD (Engineering Preparation Removal Demolition) contract where the Main Contractor is responsible for project execution and coordinating of the selected sub-contractors. Hence, the main Contractor accepts any interfacing risk between phases and subcontractors. As such the Main Contractor owns the schedule and the selected Method(s). The project management for an EPRD contract requires extensive project management experience. Not only from execution of large offshore projects, but also extensive experience from decommissioning projects. Understanding the cause and effect within the decommissioning value chain. Taking the right decisions at the early stages, will heavily effect the nal result both technically and commercially. The overall premises for efficiency, safety and cost, are very much dened in the FEED/Design Competition and in the Detail Engineering. A TIER 1 contractor will include key people from the selected sub-contractors (TIER 2 and 3) into the overall project team. Segmented contracts call for their own experienced project management team. Special attention should be made to Safety and Environmental issues, Change Management Risk Management Sub-contract management and Interfacing Management.

Deliverables
Experienced project management crew Project control systems HSE management Sub-contracting management Establish support and logistic functions

Decommissioning break down structure

5.2.3 DetailEngineeringandplanning
This is the major engineering activity within the decommissioning chain - starting 1218 months prior to offshore construction. Information and documentation from the operator is the key to success. A survey of all available documentation relating to the offshore facility, design, modications and maintenance records is the starting point. All such company provided documents and models will be studied in detail. All methodologies, project procedures and guidelines will be developed all safety and preparatory work will be dened - pre-fabrication and construction drawings will be developed work packages and detail planning will be developed and dened. All interfacing documents will be dened. Any sub-contracting assistance will be dened and awarded. This engineering denes the removal method the marine activities efficiency of the offshore crew and will ultimately govern the technical safety commercial and reputation success of the decommissioning program. Each individual engineer will have to develop its own decommissioning experience path. Therefore, experiences from earlier decommissioning projects are most important to the individual engineer. An engineering workforce of 50100 persons is required during detail engineering of a decommissioning project that consists of 15 platforms.

Deliverables

Multi discipline engineering task force - 70% structural engineers Marine engineering Waste control and Demolition engineering Individual engineering by the Sub-contractors

Decommissioning break down structure

5.3

TIERTWOOffshoreactivitiesbreakdown

5.3.1 Safetyaccess
Before any offshore mobilization, the work place must be made safe. A crew of structural engineers, safety ofcers and abseilers (rope access personnel) is sent to the workplace to inspect all walkways, stairways, lay down areas and any safety and emergency exits. Anything that requires strengthening, will be rectied or replaced. Safe areas will be dened, and areas for possible dropping objects will be clearly marked.

Deliverables

Structural engineers safety ofcers rope access personnel welders and mechanics Scaffolding Steel strengthening support deliveries

5.3.2 Offshoreconstruction
During the offshore construction phase the operating workforce is numbered and composed according to the selected method safety and emergency restrictions availability of bed spaces facility access and man power efficiency. The offshore construction phase is very much identical to planning for a seasonal Shut Down operation. Detailed plan dened tasks all prerequisites in place streamlined and skilled operating crew ready for operation dened duration. The offshore crew will be introduced to various induction courses prior to offshore mobilization. Special attention is made to the safety and mental aspects entering a dead platform. No noise from operation focus on structural wear and tear focus on dropping objects restricted areas removal of pipe supports is different from installation the platform physically disappears between each working period and other topics.

Decommissioning break down structure

The composition of an offshore decommissioning work force is somewhat similar to an offshore maintenance/construction type work crew, having offshore skilled operators including supervision, onshore support and required logistic support. During construction, the platform facilities must remain operational with respect to essential services, like Electrical power Support systems for various tools and equipment Fire and Safety equipment Life support Systems Living Quarters (Flotel)

If none of these support systems are available, temporary support systems must be supplied as an integrated part of the construction mobilisation. The onshore support is primarily project management personnel for crew change including logistics operations like helicopters/supply vessels/pre-fabrication/supply of tools and equipments.

Deliverables
Construction tools and equipment Pre-fabricated items Follow-on engineering support and documentation Operators riggers tters mechanics welders crane operators electricians foremen supervisors eld engineers safety ofcers Scaffolding equipment and operators Logistics operators

Decommissioning break down structure

5.3.3 Riser/conductorcuttingandlifting
Such contracts are often awarded to a specialized cutting company capable of cutting and lifting conductors and risers in one operation. The contractor will normally execute its own structural engineering for the cutting and lifting operations, and hence supply its own tools and equipment - accompanied by its own crew.

Deliverables
Engineering Specialized crew for cutting and lifting operations Tools and equipment

5.3.4 NDTinspection
A non destructive testing of the facility is required to identify Evidence of corrosion or mechanical damages Status of lift attachment points Identify any discrepancies between the as-found condition of the structure and the as-built information Estimate the degree of corrosion loss in the material thickness of critical elements

A crew of authorized non-destructive testing personnel is required, having radiographic equipment and isotopes for inspection of cracks in welding seams and other structural materials. Test results are normally dened and documented by onshore laboratories.

Deliverables
Field engineers and operators Testing equipment Onshore laboratory and metallurgical engineering

Decommissioning break down structure

5.3.5 Weighing
A weight audit will be conducted to identify the actual platform weight. Starting from the as-built to include items added during its lifetime, and liquid stored and their distribution within the facility. Prior to any heavy lift off detail weighing operation might be executed to identify COG (Centre of Gravity). There are various computerized weighing equipment on the market.

Deliverables
Operators Weighing equipment and controls

5.4

TIERTWORemovalandmarineoperationsbreakdown

5.4.1 Offshoremarineoperations
The offshore marine activities follow as a direct consequence of the dened methods for removal of topside and jackets. The construction crew onboard the platform will interface with: Heavy Lifting operators that will operate its own equipment including its own dedicated crew onboard the heavy lift vessel. Piece small operator using its hydraulic shears. The shearing machines will be given adequate area for manoeuvring. The machines will be lifted on board the facility, and set in operation in designated areas. Buoyancy oat off marine operators that will require special equipment and marine spread. Single lift operators - (Future operations?).

Decommissioning break down structure

The marine activities require detailed marine engineering planning interfacing procedures and bridging documents, where the ultimate responsibility - for each and individual marine activity - is clearly identied and acknowledged by the various parties and vessels. The offshore marine activities also include: Tow and transport of the steel structures topside and jackets. Lifting and transport of piece small items in containers. Sea floor inspection of towing route. Grillage / sea fastening on flat top barges engineering and construction. Sub sea cutting dredging and ROV inspection. Trawling by the fishing industry for accepting a clean sea floor.

The offshore marine spread might include: Heavy Lift Vessel Flat top barges Tugs Safety/stand by vessels Supply vessels Operation Master vessel Construction vessel Tanker Survey vessel Trawler vessel Flotel/accommodation vessel

Deliverables
Availability of vessels, otel and transport barges c/w dedicated crew Availability of Hydraulic shears and operators Marine engineering Marine project management Structural engineering Grillage and sea fastening pre-fabrication Welders and tters Survey documentation Operation documentation

Decommissioning break down structure

Decommissioning break down structure

5.4.2 Inshoremarineoperationsloadin
The inshore marine operations are executed in sheltered waters, and governed by the selected offshore decommissioning method - the transportation method - and the onshore receiving facilities. The water depth along the quay side is very often the limiting factor for the off-loading method. The structures will be lifted, skidded or trailed over the quayside, and placed on a safe onshore foundation. Any grillage and sea fastening on barges will be removed or modied for the next transportation. If a Float Off and Tow method is selected, the facility will be safely moored in a sheltered position for further processing. The facility will be cut and lifted while in oating position. Shear leg lifting vessels might be used to lift off the facility in liftable sizes and transported to quayside.

Deliverables
Pre laid mooring equipment Mooring engineering Trailing / skidding engineering Trailing / skidding equipment and tools Cranage vessels and equipment Flat top construction barges c/w power supply and utilities Burning and cutting tools Welders and tters Support vessels

Decommissioning break down structure

5.5

TIERTWOOnshoredemolitionbreakdown

5.5.1 Onshoreengineering
Before any structure is placed onto the quayside or delivered to the demolition site - comprehensive engineering activity will be executed. The quay foundation and the grounding area must have the adequate supporting power to accept the tonnage of the received structures. Depending on the off-loading method, i.e. off-loading by crane, skidding or trailing or handling of scrap in containers - the set down area has to be planned and engineered in detail. The structure footing supports must be distributed and made to measure for safe and stable positioning. The structure supports might be sandbags, concrete supports - or steel grillage. Distribution of structures on the demolition area require mapping of safety routes, access for personnel and equipment, logistic consideration with respect to handling of materials, cranage support, scrap segregation facilities, cutting area, shipment on road and by vessels.

Special attention has to be given to environmental protection. Equipment carrying potential liquid and uid substances to be placed in its designated area noisy and smelling operation to be executed in protected areas. Any structure related to oil processing to be located within the special drained area to have any possible oil spillage under full control.

Deliverables
Civil engineering Structural engineering Demolition engineering Site mapping

Decommissioning break down structure

5.5.2 Onshorepredemolitionactivities
When received on site, all structures will be thoroughly inspected and made safe before any further demolition work. There shall be no potential harm to people from falling objects or unsafe walkways or stairways The structures will be mapped and stripped for any sort of hazardous waste, LSA scale and other non-hazardous industrial waste. Any waste will be identied, segregated and removed for further processing and handling. When all hazardous waste and other non-hazardous waste are removed from the structure, a certicate Ready for demolition will be handed over to the Demolition contractor for further physical demolition work.

Deliverables
An experienced demolition crew Storage containers for segregated waste

5.5.3 Demolitionwork
The physical demolition work is to cut and reduce the structure into manageable sizes for shipment/transport for nal destruction or reuse. The structure will be demolished by use of mechanical/hydraulic cutting equipment, gas burning, or cut by diamond wire or high pressure water. The nal scrapping material will be segregated and sorted by type and grade, before loaded onboard vessels or trucks for nal reuse destination. Equipment identied for possible re-sale are removed, refurbished and re-documented. An onshore demolition contractor might have the capacity to scrap 30.00050.000 tons per year.

Deliverables
Engineering Demolition operators Hydraulic shears Cutting tools diamond wire equipment high pressure water jets gas cutting tools Licensed to handle scrap materials

Decommissioning break down structure

Demolitionhydraulicshearsinaction

5.5.4 Wastemanagement
The Waste Management contractor has to comply with all relevant rules and regulations from local and national authorities for waste handling, storage and transport including complying with any Health and Safety Act for handling, storage and shipment of LSA scale. The Waste management is to identify, collect, process and transport the waste until nal destruction at the specialist destruction centre. The total waste management chain shall be closely monitored and documented. A nal documentation Environmental Account Report will be forwarded to the operator, giving detailed information of any waste handling reuse or destruction.

Deliverables
Licensed personnel to handle relevant special waste Comply with all relevant local and national approvals and licenses for waste handling, storage and transportation

Decommissioning break down structure

6
6.1

Appendix
TIERTWObreakdownmatrix
Tools/ Equipment
As for normal offshore maintenance operation

Activity

Resources
Multi discipline engineering Offshore maintenance multi skilled crew

Minimum Experience

Risks/Uncertainties
Hot work Parallel offshore activities Exposure to hazardous waste

Closing down

Offshore maintenance operations

Pipeline and sub sea decommissioning

Specialist engineering Operating crew

Construction vessels Pigging and cleaning Sub sea Pipeline cutting decommissioning Dredging Sub sea ROV installation Waste and Sub sea cutting liquid handling Onshore disposal facility

Pipeline condition Hazardous waste exposure Access to pig launcher/ receivers Structural integrity of sub sea installations Lifting operations

Hook down method independent activities

Multi discipline engineering Operating crew

As for normal offshore maintenance operation

Offshore maintenance operations

Safety mind set Hazardous waste exposure Structural integrity Innovative solutions

Decommissioning break down structure

Activity

Resources

Tools/ Equipment

Minimum Experience
Decommissioning value chain Project management Decommissioning execution and method development Marine operations Sub sea cutting and removal Onshore demolition operations

Risks/Uncertainties

FEED / Design Competition

Multi discipline engineering Project management Assistance from subcontractors

Engineering house/facilities

HSE & Q Cost and planning Efficiency Interfacing Structural integrity Logistics Documentation

Experienced management Project team from Management large offshore projects

Project control system HSE & Q management Subcontracting management Onshore support and logistic functions

Decommissioning project management

HSE & Q Schedule - progress efficiency Cost control Change management Interfacing Coordination Reporting

Detail Engineering

Multi discipline engineering Planning HSE & Q Cost contract Logistic Subcontracting assistance Marine engineering Onshore demolition

Engineering house / facilities

Decommissioning projects Project management Decommissioning execution and method development Offshore construction Marine operations Sub sea cutting and removal Onshore demolition operations Waste management

HSE & Q Cost and planning Efficiency Interfacing Structural integrity Logistics Documentation Vessel availability Resources - manning

Decommissioning break down structure

Activity

Resources
Structural engineers Safety ofcers Climbers Construction personnel

Tools/ Equipment
Pre-fabrications Scaffolding Construction tools

Minimum Experience

Risks/Uncertainties

Safety access

Offshore construction

Access to structure Documentation Safety Structural integrity

Offshore construction

Field engineers Offshore construction crew Supervision Logistics Onshore support

Construction tools Cranes Accommodation Utility systems Power supply Life support systems Safety systems Pre-fabrications Documentation Safety induction courses Procedures Cutting equipment Lifting equipment Ultrasonic radiographic testing Isotopes Laboratory testing Documentation Weighing cells Weighing control Documentation

Offshore construction

Work planning Access Exposure to hazardous waste / liquid / fumes Mind set and cultures Interfacing Change management Resources Parallel activities

Riser / Conductor cutting and lifting

Engineering Operating crew

Similar operations

Access Lifting and handling Structural integrity Interfacing

NDT

Operating crew

Similar operations

Access Safety Reporting

Weighing

Operating crew

Similar operations

Access Interfacing Reporting

Decommissioning break down structure

Activity

Resources
Detailed method engineering Operating crew Construction crew Prefabrications Removal method management

Tools/ Equipment
Heavy lifting vessel Lifting spread Marine spread Hydraulic shears Containers Topside cranes Power supply Buoyancy Tank Assembly Documentation Procedures Accommodation

Minimum Experience

Risks/Uncertainties
Access Interfacing Schedule Availability Lifting operations Weather conditions Structural integrity Lay down area Efficiency

Removal method

Similar operations

Offshore marine operations

Marine operation engineering Marine crew Construction crew Marine project management Marine operations engineering Mooring engineering Structural engineering Construction crew Trailing operators Skidding operators Ballasting crew Onshore cranes Governmental and local approvals

Marine spread Flat top barges Sea fastening Grillage Accommodation Procedures

Marine operations

Interfacing Parallel activities Vessel availability Transportation Tow Weather condition Sub bottom survey

Inshore marine operations load in

Inshore lifting barges Marine spread Construction barges Cutting tools Trailing transportation Skidding / pulling Procedures

Marine operations Steel cutting Sub sea cutting Mooring Trailing operations Skidding operations Ballasting operations

Environmental control Structural integrity Weather condition Access Working in heights

Decommissioning break down structure

Activity

Resources
Civil engineering Structural engineering Demolition engineering

Tools/ Equipment
Demolition area Quay facilities Pollution control Documentation

Minimum Risks/Uncertainties Experience

Soil and ground conditions Structural stability

Onshore engineering

Similar activities

Onshore predemolition

Construction tools Containers for waste Demolition crew segregation Authorised special waste Waste mapping documentation handling Cleaning personnel documentation Special waste removal habitat

Similar activities

In trapped and hidden hazardous materials Exposure to hazardous fumes liquids LSA scale

Demolition work

Engineering Hydraulic shear operators Construction crew Authorisations

Hydraulic shears Steel cutting Hydraulic facilities shear Steel operation segregation and Scrap handling handling Concrete handling Work packages Protected area Storage and segregation facilities Transportation equipment Documentation

Access Structural integrity Uncontrolled energy release Noise

Waste management

Fully licensed operator Authorised personnel

Handling and authorisation of special waste

Non compliances

Decommissioning break down structure