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The share of textile industry in the economy along with its contribution to exports,
employment, foreign exchange earnings, investment and value added makes it the single
largest manufacturing sector for Pakistan. It contributes around 8.5 percent to GDP,
employs 38 percent of the total manufacturing labor force, and contributes between 60-70
percent to total merchandise exports. Indeed, with exports reaching about $8.6 billion in
2004-05, Pakistan is one of the largest textile exporters in the world.
The variety of products ranges from cotton yarn to knitwear. Garment made-ups and bed
wear are the most important export products with an export value of about $1.35 billion
each. Knitwear, ready made garments and cotton yarn also have important shares in total
exports. Overall, the US and the EU are Pakistan’s largest trading partners accounting for
25 percent and 20 percent share of Pakistani exports respectively. Other major importers
include China, UAE and Saudi Arabia. Textile trade is classified into two broad
categories i.e. textile which include yarn, fabric and made-ups, and clothing which
represents readymade garments.
Textile industry has made an investment of about $6.0 billion during the last six years.
This investment includes both investments through bank loans as well as own sources.
This investment has been made in the form of BMR expansion and new capacity. Textile
machinery worth US$ 0.6 billion has been imported during 2005-06. the import of textile
machinery for the last seven years are documented in Table and Sector wise Investment is
shown in figure
Table- 3.4 Import of Textile Machinery
Year Million US $ % Change
1999-2000 210.9 28.6
2000-01 370.2 75.5
2001-02 406.2 9.9
2002-03 531.9 30.7
2003-04 597.9 12.4
2004-05 700 17
2005-06 (Jul-Mar) 654.2 -6.5
Total 3472
Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics
The government is providing support for the local production of textile machinery. A
wide ranging campaign to produce contamination free cotton in the country with a view
to promoting value addition has already been started. As a result, the cotton prices are
now being quoted on a PSCI grade standard basis. To ensure an abundant supply within
the country, cotton is allowed to be imported and exported freely. To stabilize prices in
the domestic market, the Trading Corporation of Pakistan (TCP) has been intervening as
and when required.
In order to prepare the textile industry in the post quota regime the government has set up
a high level Federal Textile Board with Textile Commissioner’s Organization serving as
its Secretariat. The Board has been entrusted the task of looking into the issues of clean
cotton, labor, social and environment laws, modernization of ginneries, rationalization of
tariffs, facilitation in sales tax issues and developing a package to promote garment
sector, especially by improving their competitiveness in international market.
Source: Economic Survey 2005- 06
Textile Sector – A Snap Shot
Total Number Of Units (2005)
Ginning 1221
Spinning 445
Weaving
Large 140
Small 425
Power Looms 20600
Finishing
Large 106
Small 625
Garments 5000
Large 600
Knitwear 700
Towels 400
Total Capacities:
Spinning: 1900 Million Kgs Yarn
Weaving: 5600 Million Sq. Mtr. Fabric
Finishing: 3500 Million Sq. Mtr
Garments: 650 Million PCs.
Knitwear: 350 Million PCs.
Towels: 55 Million Kgs.
At Present, the Ginning: More than 10 Million Bales
No. Of
Sub Sector Size Production
Units
23,600 shuttle-less
3. Independent Weaving Units 124
looms
4. Finishing Units 10
5. Garments Units 50 5,000 Sewing machines
Policy Incentives:
• 100% foreign equity is allowed
• Fashion designing
• Textile technology
• Handloom Textile
Cotton is a natural fiber used primarily as a raw material in textile industry. Being a
major crop, Cotton is an economic asset of Pakistan. The cotton production has been estimated
14 million bales approximately for the year 2004-2005. Both Punjab and Sindh are the major
cotton growing provinces and their share in total cotton production is estimated at 76% and 23%
respectively.
(EXPORTS)
Registration 2005-06: Bales, 3,46,549
PERIOD (MY 2005-06) CROP BALES
01-08-05 to 15-09-2006 2005 - 2006 13,446
01-08-05 to 15-09-2006 2004 - 2005 12,143
Total 25,589
Source: Export Promotion Bureau.
Shipments
PERIOD - (MY 2005-06) Qty. in Bales
Aug., 05 to June.,06 405,105
July.,06 7,129
Total- 412,234
Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics
(IMPORTS)
Qty. in Bales
PERIOD (MY 2005-06)
of 170 Kg s
Aug,05 to April.,06 1,691,206
May., 2006 100,694
Total - 1,791,900
Source: Federal Bureau of Statistics
The Desi cotton contains rough fibre characteristics with a staple length of around 20mm and
micronaire count of over 5.5. These features make it suitable for a limited use for the production
of denims, tarpaulins, Khaddar cloth and other rough fabrics spun and weaved locally in the
cottage industry.
The British introduced American cotton in the subcontinent at the beginning of 20th century. The
genotypes were imported from the North American continent initially and a test-cultivation was
made in South Western Indian regions. Dr. Mohammad Afzal, a prominent cotton breeder ,
introduced the American genotype in Punjab by cross-breeding of Desi with American cotton - 3F
variety produced in 1917. Since then cotton cultivation has shifted from desi to ‘American’
varieties in Punjab and Sindh, which are primarily crosses of new American breeds with 3F
progenies.
Because of its finer fibre characteristics, staple length of over 25mm and micronaire below 4.5,
American Cotton is capable of being spun at higher counts to produce finer cloth. It is also for use
in fabrics blended with man-made fibres.
Cotton has played a very significant role in Pakistan’s agro-economy because of the fact that it
provides lint for fabrics and seed for edible oil. There was a rapid expansion of cotton cultivation
during the late 50’s and 60’s and more area came under cultivation from central Punjab to the
Southern Punjab. Short-medium staple varieties like 13/26; B-557 and 4F were grown extensively
during the 60’s and early 70’s. With the establishment of the Central Cotton Research Institute in
Multan, cotton breeding process attained momentum in the country. Later, the Provincial Cotton
Research Station, Multan and Nuclear Institute of Agriculture & Biology (NIAB) at Faisalabad
launched breeding programs that produced a number of new high- yielding varieties in the late
70’s and early 80’s, which contributed to the phenomenal growth in cotton production during
80’s.
Since 1991-92 when cotton leaf curl virus (CLCV) hit cotton production adversely, the focus of
cotton breeding has been on virus resistance. The new virus resistant varieties had a lower yield
potential and lower Ginning out Turn percentage (GOT) but recent developments in breeding
have managed to produce genotypes that are resistant to CLCV and have a higher GOT with
medium long fibre characteristics. Over the next few years, Pakistan, especially lower Punjab is
expected to switch over to these new varieties, which are perfectly matched to the international
industry requirements. Pakistan is favourably poised to meet the challenges of the times.
The prime characteristic common to most Pakistani varieties is the fibre strength, which is the
best in the world. If other factors like clean picking, good ginning and elimination of contamination
can be managed, local cotton is perhaps the best in the world. Unfortunately, this quality potential
was never achieved largely due to the marketing anomalies prevalent in the cotton markets,
which impeded the incorporation of the desired technological perfections.
According to Pakistan Economic Survey 2005-06, cotton accounts for 8.6 percent of the
value added in agriculture and about 1.9 percent to GDP. The area and production target
for cotton crop during the current fiscal year were 3247 thousand hectares and 15.0
million bales, respectively. The crop was however, sown on the area of 3096 thousand
hectares – 4.6 percent less than the target and 3 percent less than last year (3193 thousand
hectares).
The major cotton producing countries in the world include China, India, Pakistan, USA
and the European Union besides the central Asian and African states
Pakistan is among the major global producers and exporters of textiles and apparel.
Cotton was primarily used as raw material in Yarn manufacturing but the growing
demand for blended yarn and fabrics has shifted the raw-material source towards the
Man-Made or Synthetic Fiber in Pakistan. The MMF industry in Pakistan has gradually
developed during the last decade but still Pakistan usage is currently at 74% cotton and
26% man-made fibers, whereas the world fiber mix is 45% cotton and 55% man-made
fiber
Man-made Fiber sub-sector is organized and most of the production is from the five key
players producing Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF)
This sector has made progress in line with demand of the textile industry. Presently there
are seven polyester fiber units with production capacity of 625,000 tons per annum, two
acrylic fiber units of which one unit has started its Commercial production in December
1999 with rated capacity of 25,000 tons per annum while other unit of crescent group is
under installation. One unit of viscose fiber with a capacity of 10,000 tons has also gone
into production. Besides, import of fibers is also permissible to supplement the local
production
Filament Yarn Manufacturing Industry
The synthetic filament yarn manufacturing industry picked up momentum during 5th
Five Year Plan when demand and hence imports increased and private sector was
permitted to make feasible investment in the rising market conditions. Following three
kinds of filament yarn are manufactured locally: Production capacity of polyester
filament yarn has increased while the demand for local synthetic weaving industry is
export sales are not feasible and local market is heavily flooded with smuggled goods.
The production of polyester filament yarn is approximately 78000 tones per annum. The
duty on filament yarn was reduced last year.
While it was helpful to the synthetic weaving units, its impact on the filament industry is
evident in the form of closure. Recently hosiery sector has started consuming synthetic
yarns for export of knitted garments, which are, both value added as well as diversified in
product.
Production Capacity
Type of Yarn No. of Units
(Metric Tons)
Accetate Rayon Yarn 1 3,000
Nylon Filament Yarn 3 2,000
Polyester Filament Yarn 21 95,000
Total 100,000
Art silk and synthetic weaving industry has developed over the time on cottage based
power looms units comprising of 8-10 looms spread all over the country. There are
approximately 90, 000 looms in operation of which 30, 000 looms are working on
blended yarn and 60,000 loom on filament yarn. Besides there are some mobile looms
which become operational on market demand. The major concentration is in Karachi,
Faisalabad, Gujranwala, and Jalalpur Jattan as well as in the unsettled area (Bara, Sawat,
Khyber Agency and Waziristan).
Spinning is the process of converting fibers into yarn. The fibers may be natural
fibers such as cotton or manmade fibers such as polyester. Sometimes, the term spinning
is also used for production of manmade filament yarn (yarn that is not made from fibers).
Whatsoever is the case, the final product of spinning is yarn.
Spinning is the process of converting fibres into yarn. The fibres may be
natural fibres such as cotton or man-made fibres (MMFs) such as polyester. Sometimes,
term spinning is also used for production of man-made filament yarn (yarn that is not
made from fibres). Whatsoever is the case, the final product of spinning is yarn.
Cotton value chain starts from Ginning that adds value to it by separating cotton from
seed and impurities but Spinning can rightly be called as the first process of the chain that
adds value to cotton by converting into a new product i.e. conversion from ginned cotton
into cotton yarn. The importance of spinning cannot be overemphasized. Since spinning
is in the beginning of value chain, so all the later value added processes of weaving,
knitting, processing, garments and made-ups manufacturing are dependent upon it. If
spinning industry produces sub-standard yarn, its effect goes right across the entire value
chain.
The spinning sector forms the heart of the textile industry. This sector produces yarn for
downstream sectors, namely weaving, processing and knitting. Pakistan is the third
largest player in Asia with a spinning capacity of 5% of the total world and 7.6% of the
capacity in Asia. Pakistan’s growth rate has been 6.2% per annum and is second only to
Iran amongst the major players. At present, cotton-spinning sector is comprised of 458
textile units (50 composite units and 408 spinning units) with 8.8 million spindles and 77
thousand rotors in operation with capacity utilization of 87 percent and 49 percent
respectively, during July-Feb 2005-06
Weaving
Weaving sector is one of the most important textile sub-sectors. The exports of
woven fabrics and other related woven made-ups form a major portion of textile exports
from Pakistan.
There are three different sub-sectors in weaving i.e, Integrated, independent Weaving
Units, and Power Loom Units. Investment has taken place in shuttle less loom, both in
integrated and independent weaving sector. Further investment in this sector will be
forthcoming in the medium term.
The Power Loom Sector has modernized and registered a phenomenal growth over the
last two decades. The growth in power loom sector owes to a larger extent on the
government policies pursued this far as well as increased demand for the product. This
sector is producing comparatively low value added Grey Cloth of mostly inferior quality.
Problems of the power loom sector revolve mainly around the poor technology, scarcity
of quality yarn and lack of institutional financing for its development from unorganized
sector to an organized one. There is need for training facilities and guidance to diversify
their products, especially to cater the needs of the garment industry. However, the
performance of cloth sector remained in 2006 is far better than the year 2005.
KARACHI
LAHORE
FAISALABAD
MULTAN
Important Addresses:
Important Addresses:
Atlantic Business Enterprises
Suite: 436-A, 4th Floor,
Bhayani Medical Center,
Block "M", North Nazimabad,
Karachi-74700, Pakistan.
Tel:+ 92-21-6629756, 6649545
Fax: +92-21-6649545
Email: abe@cyber.net.pk
Ali Industries
Faisalabad Road,
Sheikhupura, Pakistan.
Tel:+ 92-04931-52433, 613576
Fax: +92-04931-52915
Atcotex
24/28 korangi Industrial Area,
Korangi, Karachi,
Pakistan.
Tel: +92-21-5049172-3, 5043128
Fax: +92-21-5049174
Email: prpl@aol.net.pk
Babar Entrprises
Auriga Complex Ext., Boulevard
Apartment No: 2, 2nd Floor,
Main Boulevard-Gulberg-II,
Lahore, Pakistan.
Tel:+ 92-42-5757566, 5755159
Fax: +42-5755661, 5755844
Email: bali272002@yahoo.com
Important Addresses:
Asghar Trading Corporation
P.O. Box, 10124, Room No. 66,
Liaquat Market, M.A Jinnah Road,
Karachi 74000, Pakistan.
Tel:00 92-21 2413450-2432850
Fax:00 92-21 2425952
E-mail: asgherco@super.net.pk
Carina International
21/5, Al- Noor Street, Amjad
Khursheed Road,
Lahore Cantt 54810, Pakistan.
Tel: 0092-42-6689280-1, 6675791
Fax: 0092-42-6689282
Email: carina@wol.net.pk
Gemini Enterprises
Suite # 504, Tahir Plaza, Block 7 & 8,
K.C.H.S.U., Off: Shahrah-e-Faisal,
Karachi, Pakistan.
Tel: 0092-21-4314816, 4314817
Fax:00 92-21-4386189
Email: gemin@cyber.net.pk
Imran Enterprises
273A-1, Kashmir Plaza,
Umer Colony, Opp. Duty Free Shop,
Main Shahrah-e-Faisal,
Karachi, Pakistan.
Tel: 0092-21-4531659
Fax:00 92-21-4543854
Email: imran004@cyber.net.pk
Website: www.imranenterprises.com.pk
Intimex Corporation
25-Writers Chamber,
Mumtaz Hasan Road,
Off: I.I Chundrigar Road,
Karachi-74000, Pakistan.
Tel: 0092-21-2417129, 2411845
Fax:0092-21-8231589
Madhani Assocites
Suite 2A, Falcon Arcade, BC-3,
Block 7, Kehkashan, Clifton,
Karachi-75600, Pakistan.
Tel: (92-21) 5864662, 5864665
Fax: (92-21-5864490
Email: sales@madhani.com
Moonaco
Room: 302, 3rd Floor,
Business Plaza, Mumtaz Hasan Road
Off: 1.1. Chundrigar Road,
P.O. Box # 5606,
Karachi-74000, Pakistan.
Tel: 0092-21-2421171-73
Fax:00 92-21-2421176
Email: moonaco@cyber.net.pk