SOME OF THE MISSING LISTS It would be an under statement to say, that with the release of WRG's De Bellis Renationis

Wargames Rules there has been a resurgence of interest in the period 14 4 to 1!""# $he discussion of armies and their composition ha%e been further stimulated by the growth of dedicated Internet sites supporting DBR and DB&# 'o starting with the e(tant ) boo*s of DBR lists and a map of the world a search was commenced to identify what regions may ha%e been missed# + second search by time through military encyclopedias, such as Depuy and Depuy was made to place e(isting armies into a framewor*# $he results of the searches and the discussion o%er the Internet has focussed mainly on armies outside of ,urope and some of the lesser armies and rebellious forces within# +nother interesting group of lists that could be potentially co%ered by DBR are the 'Gothic' -ists# $here seems to be a considerable body of opinion among some pi*e and shot gamers that the later part of the 1.th /entury might be better represented by DBR rather than DB&# Without entering into this debate, I ha%e only listed below the results of my searches# $he final part of this article includes ( lists# EUROPE GENERAL Northern Europe# While the ma0ority of states are ade1uately co%ered by e(isting lists there were two notable omissions# $he 2rdenstaat 3 $eutonic and -i%onian 4nights 5 and the Ditmarschen both conducted acti%e military operations in the first half of the 16 th /entury and draft lists are enclosed for discussion in the later part of this article# The Peasants Are Revolting. +s noted abo%e the e(tant boo*s of lists do include the ma0ority of ,uropean state's forces7 howe%er, they unfortunately do not include a list for re%olting peasants# + generic 16th and 1!th /entury 8easant Re%olt list3s5 could be used to co%er the /omunero re%olt 1.91, the German 8easant Re%olt 1.94:6, the Bauer re%olt in Germany 1.4"s, the +ustrian peasants re%olt 16""s the 'ans /oulotes Re%olt in ;rance 1644 and ,nglish 8rotester 1644:.# Ital an! S"it#erlan!. ;lorence after the republic, that is the Grand Duchy of $uscany under the &edici and 'ienna before their lost of independence before being con1uered by the Du*e of $uscany 1...# +lso 'a%oy was in%ol%ed against ;rance and in particular se%eral e(peditions 1. "s# $his 'a%oy list could run from 1.. to 164<, that is from when 'a%oy was able to brea* free from ;rench occupation, with the e(iled Du*e being installed by the 'panish and built up a new state run on more modern lines# By 161< 'a%oy was able to send troops to aid the Bohemian re%olt# 'imilarly, a later 'wiss list could be used to co%er the Grisons in the fights for =altellina and their contribution to other conflicts# The $al%ans. While the ma0ority of states are co%ered with e(tant lists there are a few problems with them, that either lea%e those lists open for re%iew or additional lists# In particular an ine(plicable cut off of -ist 9" Boo* 1 '$he Wallachian or &olda%ian 14 4:164<+D, $ransyl%anian 1..):169 ' has nothing for these states for the last ." or so years of the period# Spain. +ragonese re%olt in 1. 1 and /atalonian Rebel 164"s# -ater included a few stand up battles between 'panish regulars and rebels, who were supported sometimes by the ;rench# $he later re%olt had 9 important effects, first as it distracted the 'panish from 8ortugal allowing 8ortugal to pursue its own independence and second it caused the fall of the /ount:Du*e 2li%ares# Englan!. $he a%ailability of material in the WRG's and my nati%e language has already resulted in the inclusion of a number of less well *nown lists, particularly from the commencement of the ,nglish /i%il War# While there is some opinion that this era may be too well ser%ed it should be noted that there are other small armies in ,nglish history that there are no lists for# $hese include>

8er*in Warbe*'s 3or was it -ambert 'imnel?5 army with its 9""" or so ;lemish and Burgundian mercenaries at the Battle of 'to*e 14 ! in rebellion against @enry =II7

4ett's Rebels and Western prayer boo* rebellion, 1.4 7 Re%olt by the ,arl of 'omerset 1..", an opportune re%olt o%er declining power of the nobles, and the Aorthern ,arl's rebellion 1.6"s, the most serious re%olt against ,liBabeth7 and ,arly 'tuart ,nglish e(peditions to Ile de Rhe C /adiB, 169"'s#

THE AMERI&AS In!ians# $here are lists needed to co%er the +raucanians of /hile 3a proposed list is enclosed towards the end of this article5, those tribes of the /haco, 8atagonia and 8ampas 3particularly the DuerandE $ribe 5# $he later were fully horse mounted and e(ecuted the first +merindian ca%arly charge on the 'panish at what is now Buenos +ries in 1.<"# In addition the Guarani peoples in the 8ara1uay Ri%er basin and southwestern BraBil also need a list of their own# While the Guarani were li*e most of the indians from the /haco to the BraBilian coast and nearly identical to the $upi in language and culture the Fesuit Guarani protectorate would re1uire substantial modifications to the e(tant $upi or $apuya list# By contrast to the $upi, the Guarani were settled agriculturists and a little less warli*e than their wilder brethren in the /haco, and forest regions to the east and north# Ae%er the less they were tough fighters, so much so that one ad%enturer attac*ed the Inca ,mpire with them in the 1.9"'s# $hey seemed to ha%e become somewhat ineffecti%e in the early Reductiones period# 'pain forbade them aid or firearms until 16) , long after most of their eastern setllements had been sac*ed by the 8aulista sla%e raiders# @owe%er they soon became crac* troops, trained by Fesuits who had been former soldiers themsel%es, and dro%e off the raiders# $his protectorate lasted until 1!6!# Europeans. In addition to amerindian lists there are se%eral ,uropean e(peditions or attempts at coloniBation which may be worth e(amining# $hese could include the unsuccessful ,uropean e(peditions of>

'cots in /entral +merica 3Darien5, 'panish in ;lorida 1.6., ;rench in ;lorida 1.6., and ;rench in BraBil#

'imilarly the sla%e raiding armies of the 8aulista are probably worthy of consideration for de%elopment of a list# AFRI&A Islan! o' the Moon. +r1uebusier5 ASIA Persia. $he e(isiting 8ersian list , -ist 1 Boo* 1, ends in 16) lea%ing the remaining 61 years a blan*# During that time there was> $he locals, the pirates 3Aote> this list appeared some time bac* in

164<:.) War with the &oguls# 'hah +bbas II recaptured 4handahar and and beat off three attempts in 16.", 16.9 and 16.) by 8rince +uranBeb to reta*e it# 16. Re%olt in Georgia 3a 8ersian %assal5 by $amurath 4han 1664 /ossac*s instigated by /Bar +le(is, raid into &aBandaran, 8ersia from the /aspian 'ea# +fter the death of 'hah +bbas II in 166! the GB be*s raided into 4horasan and the Dutch

seiBed the port ot 4ishm# $orneo an! Philippines. $he Dya*s and local of the Borneo ha%e always en0oyed a reputation for praying on passing shipping# 'imilarly initial encounters between western e(plorers and the inhabitants of the 8hilippines were not peaceful# $here is no list to co%er these peoples# (apan. $he e(isting list do address the %ast bul* of Fapan the only e(ception being the /hristian 'amurai and the 'himbara re%olt of 16)"s# It is belie%ed that most of the participants were mainly peasants with a few 'amurai# Tai"an# $he nati%es, the &ing Refugees and the great pirate +dmiral 4o(inga# Pacific. Moari and islander societies in sufficient numbers to challenge organised incursions, such as the Dutch attempted invasion of South Amercia who through disease buried most of its members on Easter Island. &ON&LUSION +s stated abo%e, attached are se%eral lists ha%e been drawn together from se%eral sources and authors, some are more obscure than others# While they are not officially appro%ed by WRG, in that they do not appear in any of the e(isting boo*s of DBR lists, it is recommended that they may be used as a guideline for discussion or further research# I am interested in any discussion or comments on these lists as well as any other of the 'missing lists'# $hese can be forwarded to me %ia the Internet to me, Ian Gray 3grayHdogIbigpond#com5# ;inally I would li*e to ac*nowledge the prophetic words of 8hil Bar*er at the end of Boo* ), ' My thanks also in advance to the unknown e perts on obscure armies, who I trust will rush to correct me. ' In de%eloping the main part of this article my calibrators7 George 'mithson and Da%id @eading ha%e come up with o%er )4 lists that could be written# Ian Gray ). O*ENSTAAT )+,+ A* - )./0 A* 1George S2ithson3 /old# +g "# WW, R%, @3G5, Wd, RGo, &, BG+ /:in:/ : -n 3'5 I ). +8 'ub General : -n 3'5 I ). +8 Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder, &itbruder : -n 3'5 I 1. +8 German /rusader or %assal *nights : 1J9 -n3"5 I 19 +8 1J9 -n3I5 I 1" +8 4nechte : -@3;5 I 4 +8 Gpgrade 4nechte to mercenary mounted crossbowmen : -@3'5 I !+8 8russian or -i%onian ca%alry : 'i325 I < +8 -i%onian horse archers : -@3;5 I 4 +8 Dienende Bruder spearmen : 8*3;5 I 4 +8 Dienende Bruder crossbowmen : Bw325 I . +8 ;eudal /rossbowmen :Bw325 I . +8 Replace crossbowmen with ar1uebusiers : '*325 I )+8 or 'h3I5 I 4+8 /olonists and Burghers : 8*3I5 I ) +8 +r1uebusiers : 'h3I5 I 4+8 or '*325 I )+8 8russian or -i%onian sub0ect foot : @d325 I 1 +8 @ea%y guns : +rt 3'5 I 9. +8 /ogs or Aaos : 'hp3'5 I 6 +8 K Bw325 L -aunches : Bts325 I 9 +8 German city allies : -ist> German &inor 'tates B*1 Teutoni4 Or!er Onl Downgrade Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder : 4n325 I 19+8 Replace =assal 4nights with 8olish 4nights : 4n325 I 19+8 Downgrade 8russian ca%alry to 8olish noble le%ies : 'i3I5 I .+8 $ur*opolen : -@325 I . +8

1 1:9 .: 1:) 1:) 9:4 ":1J9 9:4 4:< ":4 4:< ":4 " or +ll ":6 ":4 ":1" ":1 ":9 ":)

1J9 to +ll ":1J9 ":9 ):<

Livonian Or!er Onl -i%onian horse archers : -@3;5 Gpgrade 4nechte to mtd ar1uebusiers : -@3I5 I 4 +8 Replace Dienende Bruder, /olonist and Burgher foot to lands*nechts : up to 9J) 8*325 I 4 +8 : remainder '*325 I ) +8 or 'h3I5 I 4 +8 )+,, to ).50 -ithuanian allies : -ist> Fagiellonian 8olish and -ithuanian B*9 A'ter ).)6 Gpgrade 4nechte to mtd ar1uebusiers : -@3I5 I 4 +8 A'ter ).07 Livonian Or!er Downgrade Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder : 4n325 I 19+8 A'ter ).++ Replace German or %assal *nights with reitiers with boarspear : 8i325 I 1" +8 A'ter )... Downgrade reiters without boarspear to : 8i3I5 I < +8 Gpgrade ar1uebusiers to mus*eteers : 'h325 I 6 +8 ;ield guns : +rt 325 I 9" +8

4:19 +ll +ll

+ll 1J9 to +llM

+ll +ll ":1J9 ":9

$his list co%ers the $eutonic 4nights till their grand master seculariBed 8russia as a Duchy of 8oland 31.9)5, and then the -i%onian 4nights until the in%asion of I%an the $errible of Russia dro%e them to see* the protection of 'weden, Denmar*, -uthuania and 8oland# +fter 1466 half of the members of the $eutonic 2rder were 8olish *nights and the $eutonic 2rder recogniBed 8oland as its o%erlord# $he 2rder had also been reduced in wealth and lost control of many of the cities to the 8olish 4ing, thus local city troops are considered allies# $he still independant -i%onian 2rder was still a formidable force# In 1."1, its -andmeister Walter =on 8lettenberg, as ally of -uthuania, defeated a 4",""" Russians with 4""" ca%alry and <""" foot and artillery on the 'eritsa Ri%er# @e repulsed a Russian in%asion with .""" men the ne(t year# @owe%er he could not defeat -utheranism which became the religion of the people in the lands of the 2rders# In 1.9. 8russia seculariBed and the -i%onian order began to decline# $he numbers and discipline of the 4nights within the 2rders declined as time went on dispite attempts at reform# M+fter 1.9. -i%onian 2rder would be hard put to meet their minimums for their Ritterbruder, Dienende Bruder and *eep up their 1uality# German %assal and &ercenary *nights -n3I5 must gi%e rear support to German %assal and &ercenary *nights -n325 and are mounted on a double element# Grban areas settled o%erwhelmingly with Germans and in%ol%ed in ma0or trade with /entral and Western ,urope, the military system followed the military de%elopments in those places, particularly -i%onia, which was still independent# In 1..! I%an the $errible in%aded the territory of the -i%onian 2rder, o%errunning half of it# By 1.61 threatened by the Russians and Danes, Re%al and the nearby parts of ,stonia, and -i%onia then sought the protection of 'weden# Inter%ention by 8oland who desired /urland and -i%oina and and by Denmar* who owned a claim to parts of /urland and ,stonia, precipitated a four way war with shifting alliances between these ri%als# -i%onia e%entually became part of 8oland and /urland was sal%aged by the last -andmeister of the 2rder as a secular 8olish dutchy in 1.61# 'weden e%entually obtained ,stonia# 0. ISLAN* OF THE MOON 1Ian Gra 3 /oastal 'tates, $ropical, +g 9, WW, @3'5, @3G5, Wd, 2, ,, RGo, BG+# &a( 4""A

@ighland 'tates, Dry, +g ", WW, @3'5, @3G5, Wd, 2, ,, RGo, BG+# /in/ : Wb325 I 94+8 +lly Generals : Wb325 I 14+8 Warriors : up to 1J9 Wb3I5 I )+8, rest '*3I5 I 9+8 Refugees, le%ies, sla%es, women and children : @d325 I 1+8 I' &oastal /anoes, dugouts etc : upt to 1J9 Bts325 I 9+8 rest Bts3I5 I 1+8 KWb, '*L +ntalaotra, +rab sla%ers : either all Wb325 I .+8 or Bd3;5 I .+8 +rab sla%e ships : 'hp3I5 I 9+8 KWb or BdL I' &oastal 8e'ore ).59 +ntalaotra sub general : Bd3;5 I 9.+8 +ntalaotra : either all Wb325 I .+8 or Bd3;5 I .+8 I' &oastal ).55-)/55 Nan0 +llies : B* ) I' &oastal )/55-)//5 ,nglish $rader +lly General : 'h325 I 16+8 or '*3'5 I 1.+8 ,nglish $raders : '*3'5 I .+8 Gpgrade ,nglish $raders to 'h325 I 6+8 $rading 'hips : 'hp3;5 I .+8 'hipOs barges and boats : Bts325 I 9+8 I' $etsi2isa%a a'ter )/,5 Gp grade warriors with firearms to Wb325 I 4+8 -ibertalia +llies : B* 1 -ist 49 Buccaneer I' Highlan! 'toc*ade : ;2 I 9+8 'tampeding herd of Nebu with herdsmen dri%ing them : Wb3'5 I .+8 I' Highlan! )/+0-)/9+ ;rench $raders : '*3'5 I .+8 I' Highlan! )/+6-)/.. Gpgrade ;rench $raders to Go%ernor ;lacourt : 'h3;5 I 16+8 I' Merina a'ter )/.5 Gp grade ally generals to sub generals I 94+8 I' Arin!rano a'ter )//5 o' other Highlan! a'ter )/65 Gp grade warrior with firarms to Wb325 I 4+8 Gp grade s*irmish warriors to '*3'5 I .+8

1 ":9 .":1"" up to 1 per 4 Wb ":19 ":6 1 per +rab sla%er 1 9:6

":1 ":) ":1 1 per 'h325 1 per '*3'5 +ll

":19 " or 9M ":6

":1 1:9 up to 1J9 Wb3I5 up to 1J4 '*3I5

4nown as the Island of the &oon until ,uropean disco%ery, it was inhabited by a mi(ture of IndonesianJ8olynesian and +frican peoples who de%eloped their own uni1ue culture and warfare# $his list co%ers from the first contact by the ,uropeans with the coastal dwellers until the end of the period# &alagasy warfare was based on the sla%e trade and cattle stealing, initially with the Nan0 city:states but later with the ,uropeans# $heir warfare changed in tempo and scale as demand for sla%es increased# ,nglish traders and pirates of the mid:1!th /entury describe the Pprimiti%elyO nati%es incessantly at war with one another# $he later firearm:sla%e trade saw the rapid introduction of firearms, immigration away from the coasts and introduction of defensi%e measures, in particular the erection of stoc*ades around &erina =illages to defeat sla%ers#

@owe%er, with these firearms the resourceful &alagasy managed to e(pel the ,uropeans at ;ort Dauphine 316!45 and e%entually o%er run the Republic of -ibertalia 3thought to be located on the Diego 'uareB Bay5# $he coastal states include Betsimisara*a, 'a*ala%a 4ingdoms, $androy, &ahafaly, $an*arana, $ambahoa*a, $aimoro, Nafisoro, $aisa*a and $anosy while the highland states include the Bara, +rindrano, -alangina, Isandra, &anandriana 3Besileo precursor peoples5, 'ihana*a, BeBanoBano and the embryonic &erina ,mpire# $he +ntalaotra were the +rab settlements on the north:west coast destroyed by the 8ortuguese in 1."6:1."<, and +ntalaotra sub general's command can include any e(cept horde elements and must include all +rab or +ntalaotra elements# $he inclusion of Nan0 allies for the coastal states reflects the established sla%e trade at the start of the period until its supersession by ,uropeans in about 16""# +lthough their is no direct reference to the regular use of herds of cattle in battle, it is belie%ed that one was used a one at least occasion to clear a passage from a surrounded %illage# M $he stampeding herd of Nebu must be double based and it is suggested that 1:9 herdsmen are included on the second base dri%ing the long horned Brahma cattle forward# -ibertalia allies may include up to one na%al element for each land element# 7. US:O:S ).70-)/)9 1*ave ;atson3 Warm# +g#1 WW, R%, @3'5, @3G5, 2, RGo, Wd, BG+ &a( A)"" /in/ : -n3;5 I )1 +8 or Bd3'5 I 9 +8 if embar*ed @orse : -@3'5 I . +8 /asalini : Bd3;5 I . +8 'tipendiati : 'h3I5 I 4 +8 =enturini : Wb325 I 4 +8 'harpshooters : '*3'5 I 4 +8 $ownsmen : @d3'5 I 9 +8 @ea%y Guns : +rt3'5 I 9. +8 -ight Guns : +rt3I5 I . +8 Grande Bracere : Bt3'5 I ) +8 KBd,Wb,'*3'5,+rt3I5L Bracere : Bt325 I 9 +8 KWbL 'mall petaches, pin*s, tartanes and feluccas : 'hp3I5 I ) +8 KBd,Wb,'*3'5,+rt3I5L +llies> +ustrian : -ist> +ustrian Imperial =enice : -ist> =enetian /olonial 2ther Gs*o* : -ist> Gs*o* A'ter ).65 Regrade townsmen to include wider introduction of firearms : @d3;5 I 1 +8 A'ter )/). 'panish +llies +llied General : Bd3'5 I 9 +8 $ercio ;oot : Q Bd3;5 or 'h3I5 I 4 +8 rest 'h325 I 6+8 Gallease : Gal3'5 I . +8 KBd or 'hL Galleys : Gal325 I 4+8 KBd or 'hL $ransports : 'h3I5 I ) +8 KBd, 'h, BgL

1 ":1 ":1 ":9 .:1. 1:4 .:9. ":1 ":9 9:. 4:1" ":6

1J9 to +ll 1 9:< 1 1 per $ercio ;oot ":4

$his list co%ers the Gs*o*s as the defenders of 4lis in 1.)9 until their e(pulsion inland to 2tocac at the conclusion of the Gs*o* War in 161!# ;rom around 1.)! they were based at the Dalmatian port of 'en0# $he Gs*o*s were mainly 'la%s dri%en north by the 2ttomans# @owe%er, as their colourful reputation grew they attracted recruits from far and wide including se%eral ,nglish# Gntil 1.66 their main opponent would be the 2ttoman $ur*s on sea and land# +fter 1.66 they attac*ed

any shipping and ports all the along the Dalmatian coast, particularly the =enetians whom they accused of betraying the /hristian cause# $his led to a sa%age conflict and the =enetian cry R&ay god preser%e us from the hands of the 'en0R# 'en0 was in the @apsburg domains and both the 2ttomans and later =enice fre1uently protested# $he +ustrians whilst sometimes remonstrating with the Gs*o* '/aptain', in practice found their harassment of =enice and the $ur*s useful# $he end came as a result of the Gs*o* War 161.:1! between =enice and +ustria therefore +ustrian allies can not be used against =enice e(cept 161.:1!# $he +ustrians agreed to garrison 'en0 and forcibly transfer the remaining Gs*o*s to 2tocac in the military frontier# =enetian were allies of the Gs*o*s in 1.)!:41 and 1.!":!4# Gs*o* allies represent other Dalmatian towns and may be used with up to one other allied contingent# $he allied Gs*o*s need not include any townsmen if the contingent is pro%ided with sufficient na%al elements to fully embar* it# $he 'panish represent Ribera's +driatic s1uadron# 2nly 'paniards can ser%e in this command and the minima only apply if they are used# +. *ITMARS&HEN )+,+A* - )..,A* 1Ian Gra 3 /old# +g "# WW, R%, @3G5, RGo, &, ,, Rd, BG+ /:in:/ : Bd3;5 I 9.+8 'ub:general : Bd3;5 I 9.+8 Warriors : Bd3;5 I .+8 /rossbowmen : Bw325 I .+8 or '*3I5 I 9+8 Souths with 0a%elins : '*3I5 I 9+8 ;armers, women and children : @d3;5 I 1+8 Gp grade @d325 to 8ontooneers I .+8 +rtillery : +rt3I5 I .+8 ;ieldwor*s : fortification I 4+8 /anal craft, barges and boats : Bts325 I 9+8 K+nyL @anseatic trading ships : 'hp325 I .+8 KBd, Bw, 'hL 'hips and boat crews : Bd325 I !+8, Bw325 I .+8 or 'h3I5 I 4+8 @amburg +llies : -ist German &inor 'tates 3Boo* 15 A'ter ).55 Gpgrade Bd3;5 with captured armour to Bd325 I 9! or ! +8 /aptured guns : +rt325 I 9"+8 or +rt3I5 I .+8 Replace youths with 0a%elins with s*irmishing ar1uebusiers : '*325 I )+8 1 1:9 9":4" ":1" 1":9" .:1" ":9 9:4 !:9" ":< ":9 M":4

+ny ":. ":.

$his list co%ers the Ditmarschen Republic from the beginning of the period until its e%entual demise and incorporation into the crown lands of Denmar*# In 1."" the Ditmarschen scored a ma0or military upset by completely defeating a much superior Danish allied army 36,""" Ditmarschen farmers to 14,""" -ands*nechts and 4nights5# $he Ditmarschen were on this occasion considerably aided by their geography and the weather# $he effecti%eness of the Ditmarschen foot to destroy the -ands*necht pi*e 3notably the 'a(on Garde under Fun*er 'lenitB5 and mo%e in what was ob%iously difficult going would lead to classify most of their foot as Bd3;5# 'ome did cast 0a%elins so ha%e been classified as '*3I5 and a portion also undertoo* some basic engineering wor*s, such as the erection of the field wor*s, the opening of the sluices and constructing crossings o%er the water filled fields, drains and ditches# $he later ha%e been classified as @d3;5 with a portion that can be upgraded to 8ontooneers# $he inclusion of @amburg +llies represents aid by the @anseatic -eague which seemed continually at war with Denmar* and who were in 1."" the Danes ne(t target# $he upgrading of foot and inclusion of of additional artillery represents the Ditmarschen ma*ing use of their booty captured during the failed Danish in%asion# $he Ditmarschen Republic did not find itself directly in%ol%ed in regional struggles for some .< years so the later options and upgrades are speculati%e and represent the filtering through of e(perience and weapons from the /ounts Wars# ;inally, It was only in 1.. during ;redri* II's reign that the elderly Fohn RantBau commanding an army of %eterans from the @apsburg =alios and 'chmal*aldic Wars, that the Ditmarschen were finally defeated#

.. ARAU&ANIANS )+,+A* - )955A* 1George S2ithson3 /old# +g "# &apuche of the central %alley> WW, R%, @3'5, ,, RGo, BG+ 'outhern tribes> WW, R%, @3'5, Wd , RGo, BG+ /:in:/ : Wb3'5 I 9.+8 'ub:general : Wb3'5 I 9.+8 Warriors with 'pear or /lub : Wb3'5 I Downgrade warriors to enthusiastic le%ies and recruits : @d3'5 I 9+8 Bowmen : Bw325 or '*3I5 'lings : '*3I5 A'ter )..7 Gpgrade either /:in:/ or 'ub:general to -@3;5 Gpgrade bowmen with firearms to '*325 A'ter )./) Gpgrade warriors with horse to -@3;5 Gpgrade bowmen with firearms to '*325 +fter 16"" Gpgrade either /:in:/ or 'ub:general to -@3;5 Gpgrade bowmen with firearms to '*325

Ma< &<) in )..5

1 ":9 9":6" ":)" 9":6" ":1" ":1 ":9 ":4 ":. +ll ":1"

$his list co%ers the +ruacan Indians from the beginning of the period until its end# $he +uracan or &apuche in the /entral =alley region around 'antiago and =alpariso irrigated their crops those to the south, the tribe to the south were woodland dwellers and so wooded terrain is mandatory# &apuche did not become completely horse warriors until the 1<th century when many crossed the +ndes and mo%ed out onto the 8ampas# Wb are ad0udged 3'5 and the Bw325 because of their *nown ferocity in comparison to the to the Inca and the 'panish, especially the later's horsemen# $hey had a large population and could field large armies estimated at 4",""" in one campaign# $he option to include @d3'5, represents a general call to arms# 'uch le%ies lac*ed the cohesion of the warriors but could be used to bul* the army out# +ruacanians also too* to using ,uropean weaponry fairly 1uic*ly after the appearance of the 'panish# +ttempts at coloniBation began when Diego de +lmagro, a partner of con1ueror ;rancisco 8iBarro, headed south from 8eru in 1.). only to return to 8eru in 1.)! being principally deterred by the pugnacity of the nati%e population# 8edro de =aldi%ia began the second more successful 'panish e(pedition from 8eru to /hile in 1.4"# In December 1..), an +raucanian army of warriors, organiBed by the legendary &apuche chief -autaro 3=aldi%ia's former ser%ant5, assaulted and destroyed the fort of $ucapel# +ccompanied by only fifty soldiers, =aldi%ia rushed to the aid of the fort, but all his men perished at the hands of the &apuche in the Battle of $ucapel# =aldi%ia himself fled but was later trac*ed down, tortured, and *illed by -autaro# +lthough -autaro was *illed by 'paniards in the Battle of &ata1uito in 1..!, his chief, /aupolicTn, continued the fight until his capture by treachery and his subse1uent e(ecution by the 'paniards in 1..<# $he uprising of 1..):.< became the most famous instance of +raucanian resistance# $hroughout the colonial period, the 'paniards engaged in frontier combat with the +raucanians, who controlled the territory south of the REo BEo: BEo 3about ."" *ilometers south of 'antiago5# During many of those years, the entire southern region was impenetrable by ,uropeans# @owe%er, the +ruacanians did stop fighting the 'panish long enough to help them repel a Dutch attac* on /hile# 'o the 'panish /olonial list could ha%e +raucanian allies in 164)# /. PUE$LO &ULTURES ).+)-)955A* Dry +g9# @3'5, RGo, BG+, R% &a( A.""

/:in:/:'*3l5 I 99+8 'ub:General:'*3l5 I 99+8 +lly:general:'*3l5 I 19+8 Warriors:'*3l5 I 9+8 2ther $dbespeople to defend BG+:@d3;5 I 1 +8 Barricados and defences 'ierra +pache allies> -ist +pache and Aa%aho 2nly after 16"6+D Gpgrade Generals to -@325 I 9.+8 or 1.+8 2nly after 16 9+D Gpgrade '*3l5 to -@325 I .+8or 9. or 1.+8 if generals Gpgrade warriors with firearms: '*3l5 to '*325 I )+8 or 9) or 1)+8 if generals, or -@325 to -@3I5 I 4+8 or 94+8 or l4+8 if generals

1 ":9 ":9 1.:1." ":9" ":1 per @d3;5

+ny

":1J)

":6

$his list represents 8ueblo /ultures from /oronado's e(pedition, through 2nate's in%asion and ending with the Great 'outhwestern Re%olt# $ribes represented 'Include the @opi, Nuni, 4eres, 8iros, $ompiros, FemeB, 8icuris and $aos# $hroughout the re%olts the tribes could sometimes display solid common purpose, but were prone to deserting the cause one at a time and at critical times# $he horse was permeating northward from &e(ico throughout the period, both as strays and as desirable ob0ects of trade and raids# ,%en the 'paniards traded or gifted horses with the tribes, which probably indicates that the tribes had small herds as early as the 1.<"s# @orses were not automatically used in warfare, tribesmen often riding to fight or raid dismounted e%en to the end of the period# $he 1J) upgrade to -@ refers to a @opi army encountered in the field in 16 9+D which had this proportion of mounted warriors# If any elements in a command are upgraded to -@ the general element of that command must be# If any elements in a command are upgraded with firearms the general element of that command must be# 9. ATHAPAS&AN )/55-)955A* +pache and Aa%aho Dry +g4, others +g9 'ierra Indians @3'5, Wd, RGo, R% 8lains Indians @3G5, RGo, R% /:in:/:'*3I5 I 99+8 'ub:General:'*3I5 I 99+8 +lly:general:'*3I5 I 19+8 Warriors:'*3I5 I 9+8 2nly after 16"6+D Gpgrade generals to -@325 I 9. or 1.+8 if generals ny 2nly after 16!"+D Gpgrade 'ierra Indians to -@325 I .+8= or 9. or 1.+8 if generals 2nly after )/65A* Gpgrade 8lains Indians to -@325 I .+8, or 9. or 1.+8 if generals

A)""

1 ":1 ":) 1.:1)"

2:+ll

2:+ll

2nly after 16<!+D Regrade general to -@3I5 I 4+8

+ny

$his list represents +pache, Aa%aho, 'umas, &ansos, 8imas, Fanos and Focome UIndians amongst many others who li%ed north of the 8ueblo /ultures in the hills and e%en more northerly on the plains# $he 'paniards fought the sierra tribes often during the Re%olts and these Indians often allied themsel%es with the 8ueblos# 16!"+D mar*ed the first entirely mounted action by sierra +paches# In 16<"+D the 8awnee reported the savage mounted +paches of the Uplains to ;rench settlers further west# $he +paches began to become the Uterror of surrounding tribes both in the hills and on the plains# Aomenclature of tribes is confusing beyond belief with the 'panish naming sub tribes after leaders, localities and the names other tribes had for Uthem# $he important di%isions to note in the list are plains, sierra and +pache, there being +pache tribes both in the hills and on the plains# U;irearms and horses were gifted to some tribal leaders during the great re%olt# In 16<!+D the 'paniards noted an Indian report that a tribe on the $e(as ri%er were being aided and led against neighbouring tribes by a Uhelmeted &oor with horse and ar1uebus, this figure should add a little %ariety to an army# 6. AHOM )/)0A* - )955A* 1*avi! Hea!ing3 Warm# +g 9# WW, R%, Wd, Rd, BG+ /:in:/ : ,l3I5 I 4"+8 or 'i3I5 I 9.+8 'ub:general : ,l3I5 I 4"+8 or 'i3I5 I 9.+8 +r1uebusiers : 'h3I5 I4+8 or '*325 I ) +8 Gpgrade +r1uebusiers to &atchloc*men at 6+8 Bowmen : Bw3I5 I )+8 +rtillery : +rt 3I5 I .+8 Grenade throwersJincendiary : '*3V5 I <+8 -e%ies, pioneers : @d325 I 1+8 'toc*ade, bamboo palisades : ;2 I 9+8 $raps C pits : ;2 I 9+5 Ri%er /raft : Bts325 K'h, Bw, @dL Gpgrade ri%er craft to floating batteries : Bts3'5 I )+8 K'h, @dL 1 1:9 <:16 ":1J9 9 per 'h ":1 ":1 ":6 ":94 ":6 ":< +ny

$he +hom were a 'han people from Gpper Burma who mo%ed down the Brahmaputra Ri%er %alley circa 14"", defeating, assimilating or dri%ing off the indigenous tribes and local @indus# +lthough they came under @indu religious and cultural influence as they progressed towards Bengal, they remained unrestricted by Indian caste, ethnic of religious di%isions and mobilised %irtually the entire adult male population for military of labour ser%ice# $hey carried out a systematic program of road and irrigation wor*s, and ta(ed in labour or *ind rather than money# $heirs was ri%er and 0ungle terrain %ery different from that to which the &oghuls, their later enemies, were accustomed# $he &oghul ,mperor Fahangir 316".:9!5 was in conflict with the +hom in almost e%ery year from 1619# +ccording to the mid 1!th century &oghul historian -ahori, R$he chiefs tra%el on elephants or country ponies7 but the army consists only of foot soldiers# $he fleet is large and well fitted out# $he soldiers use bow and arrow or matchloc*s# 2n the march they 1uic*ly and de(trously fortify their encampments with mud and bamboo palisades, and surround the whole with a ditch#R +hom defences included bamboo stoc*ades, traps and pits, while their tactics included ambushes, night attac*s and assaults on outposts, as well a slightly more formal battles# Gnder 'hah Fahan 3169<:.<5 the &oghul border had been ad%anced to 4uch Bihar and 4amrup# 2n the +hom side, Bali Aarayan, the brother of the deposed Ra0a of 4amrup, held the fortified

and militarised state of Darram as an +hom %assal# ,arly in 16)6, war bro*e out after the +hom murdered a &oghul emissary# $he +hom and Bali Aarayan besieged and captured @a0o# In 16)! the &oghuls retaliated with an amphibious force which destroyed an +hom army in Ao%ember at Bupetah, using a mi(ed force of ca%alry, artillery, mus*eteers and war boats# $hey followed up by beating the +hom fleet and sieBing the ri%er fort of 4a0ali# Bali Aarayan was *illed and 4amrup reoccupied# In 16)< the +hom fleet and army dro%e the &oghuls bac* at 4a0ali, but a treaty was signed, the &oghuls recognising +hom independence and the +hom recognising &oghul control of 4amrup# In 166", +urangBeb 3166":1!"!5 decided to regain control of the north:east# $he growing e(port economy of Bengal had lead to local magnates increasing their power, and recent rebellions led to the area being lightly held# Fayadhwa0 'inha, the +hom *ing had anne(ed 4amrup during the &oghul war of succession# +urangBeb appointed as go%ernor &uhammed 'aid &ir Fumla, who strengthened &oghul control in the area# In Ao%ember 1661, &ir Fumla assembled 19"" ca%alry, )"""" foot and se%eral hundred armed %essels, including 1" ghurahs or floating batteries, each carrying 14 guns and towed by 4 rowing boats# @e 1uic*ly o%erran 4uch Bihar and entered 4athalbari unopposed# @e then set out for 4amrup and too* Gauhati, the capital of 4amrup# $he +hom fleet was crippled in a decisi%e battle and in &arch 1669 the &oghul army marched inland to seiBe the +hom capital of Garghaon# +tthis point the rins began and the &oghuls went into garrison at Garghaon# $he +hom cut off the outposts lin*ing army and fleet# ;rom &ay to 2ctober the &oghuls sur%i%ed famine, disease, +hom attac*s and desertion# +fter the rains, reinforcements arri%ed to enable the &oghuls to resume the offensi%e# ,arly in 166) the +hom sued for peace and became &oghul %assals# @owe%er, in &arch &ir Fumla died# +urangBeb failed to pro%ide an ade1uate replacement due to his in%ol%ement in the Deccan and successi%e +hom *ings faced only a &oghul fau0dars who were unsupported by the ,mpire# In 16<9, the new +hom *ing Gadadhar 'ingh 316<1: 65 forced bac* the frontier posts and engaged &ansur 4han, the &oghul fau0dar, at an island garrison opposite Gauhati# +fter the battle of Ita*huli 3'eptember 16<95 the +hom chased the &oghuls 1"" *m bac* to the &anas ri%er# $his became the new border and 4amrup was permanantly lost the the &oghul ,mpire# References> Richards, F#;## $he Aew /ambridge @istory of India, =ol# 1#.# $he &ughal ,mpire# /ambridge 1 )# I'BA ".919.11 9# ,. ENGLISH RE$EL ).+,A* 1Stuart Gra 3 Western Rebellion> /old, +g 9# R%, @3'5, @3G5, Wd, RGo, &, Rd, BG+ 4ettOs Rebellion> /old, +g )# WW, R%, @3'5, @3G5, Wd, ,, RGo, &, Rd, BG+ /in/ : Bd325 I 9!+8 R/apteine3s5 and ringleader3s5W3+lly Gen5 : Bd3I5 I 14+8 Rebels : 1J9 Bw325 I .+8, 1J9 Bd3I5 I 4+8 Onl i' ;estern Re8ellion Gpgrade /in/ as @umphrey +rundel : -n3I5 I 9"+8 Gpgrade +lly Gen as local gentry sympathisers : as abo%e Regrade +lly gen : Bw325 I 1.+8 Gpgrade Rebels as /ornish : 1J9 Bw3'5 I !+8, 1J9 Bd325 I !+8 Religious &obsJRioters : @d3'5 I 9+8 /ornish slingers : '*3I5 I 9+8 '*irmishing -ongbowmen : '*325 I )+8 Downgrade rioters : @d3;5 I 1+8 $in &iners : @d3;5 I 1+8 -ight +rtillery : +rt 3I5 I .+8 ,ntrenchment : ;2 I 9+8

1 1:) 19:94 1 1 ":1 1J9:)J4 6:19 ":9 9:< ":1J9 ":1 1:4 ":1"

Onl i' :ett>s Re8ellion Gpgrade Pringleader3s5O to 'ub generals &ounted locals : -@3;5 I 4+8 '*irmishing bowmen and boys X '*325 I )+8 or '*3I5I9+8 Rebel mobs : @d3;5 I 1+8 Gpgrade Rebel &obs : @d325 I 1+8 'Great gonnysO : +rt325 I 9"+8 -ight cannon : +rt3I5 I .+8 ,ntrenchments Ptrenches and sta*esO : ;2 I 9+8

+ll ":1 4:< 16:4< ":1J) ":1 1:) ":16

$his list spans the rebellions of 1.4 in ,ngland against the boy *ing ,dward the =I, in the West o%er the introduction of the common prayer boo* and Whitsundae numbering in P!""" tag and rag, and, in ,ast +nglia o%er the enclosure of common land# $he Western Rebels, though possessing far better armour, training and e(perience than 4ettOs Rebellion, lac*ed the organisational s*ills shown by Robert 4ett, a businessman# $he @d3'5 category for the religious mobs reflects the in%ol%ement by discontented former chantry priests in gi%ing the moral support and 0ustification to the rebellion, ma*ing the rebellionOs moti%ation, fear of religious change# +rtillery was commandeered from coastal batteries and local town defences# $he /ornish were more hea%ily armoured, their bows were longer, and were considered the more formidable than their counterparts# 4ettOs rebelsO main problems with a force numbering up to 1.""" men were supplies which they captured from Aorwich including two Ygreat gonnysW# $he @d3;5 category reflects the abillity of the rebels to close 1uic*ly with the loyalist forces in the city of Aorwich of which they had intimate *nowledge, the upgrade to 325 reflecting accounts of their staunch Pfight to the endO, and capturing of better arms# $he option to regrade a general as Bw325 in the West represents the counter attac* and rearguard action of Robert 'myth, and his wing at ;enny Bridges# )5. ENGLISH LO?ALIST ).+,A* If -ord Russel> +g 4# @3'5, @3G5, R%, &, RGo, Wd, Rd, BG+ If in ,ast +nglia> +g 9# @3'5, @3G5, R%, &, RGo, Wd, ,, Rd, BG+ /in/ : -n3;5 I )1+8 'ub General : -n3;5 I )1+8 -e%ies : 1J9 Bw325 I .+8, 1J9 Bd3I5 I 4+8 Onl i' ;estern Lo alist1Russel3 8aola Batista 'pinola 3+lly general5 X 'h3I5 I 14+8 RusselOs retinue : -n3I5 I 1"+8 GreyOs ,nglish @orse : -n3;5 I 11+8 FermignyOs @orse : -n3;5 I 11+8 'angaOs @orse : ,ither> all -@3I5 I 4+8 or, all 8i3I5 I <+8 'pinolaOs @ac*buteers : 'h3I5 I 4+8 German ,nsigns3-andschnec*ts5 : 9J) 8*325 I 4+8, 1J) 'h3I5 I 4+8 -ight +rtillery : +rt3I5 I .+8 Onl i' in East Anglia 1Parr>s For4e3 &alatesta3+lly general5 : -n325 I )9+8 Italian &ercenaries : -n325 I 19+8 Italian foot : 'h3I5 I 4+8 'panish &ercenaries :-n3'5 I 1.+8 ,nglish 8rofessionals :-n3;5 I 11+8 +rtillery : +rt3I5 I .+8 Onl i' in East Anglia1;ar"i4%>s ar2 3 German +d%isor3+lly general5 : 'h3I5 I 14+8

1 ":1 <:94 1 4:6 ):4 ":. ":9 1:9 6:19 ":1 1 9:4 ":9 1:9 9:6 1:) ":1

+r1uebusiers : 'h3I5 I 4+8 Gentry, Retainers and 8arrOs $roops : -n3;5 I 11+8 -andschnec*ts : 1J9 'h3I5 I 4+8, 1J9 8*325 I 4+8 +rtillery : +rt325 I 9"+8 -ight Guns : +rt3I5 I .+8

4:< .:1" ":< ":9 ":9

$he appointed 8rotector until ,dward =I came of age, the Du*e of 'ommerset, faced with rebellion in the West and in ,ast +nglia and the suspected unreliability of le%ies, turned to mercenaries to aid in subduing the risings# +t the age of 6., Russel had ne%er before held a field command# @e would not proceed without mercenaries, and o%erly high numbers of them# 'pinola seems to ha%e been the only one with military e(perience leading flan* marches and ad%ising Russel# $he classification of 'angaOs horse as 8i3I5 and -@3I5 reflects the uncertainty of contemporaries as to their use, though they were caracolling into the flan*s of rebels at /lyst 't &ary# -ancers may dismount at any time as Bd325 if -n3;5 or Bd3'5 if otherwise, as they did in Aorwich and at /lyst 't &ary# 8arrOs force of 1"6" mostly mounted troops was comprehensi%ely defeated and the sur%i%ors 0oined Warwic*Os army# $hough only 1"6", 8arrOs force was later augmented by le%ies and sympathisers in Aorwich# )0. THE PHILIPPINES )+,+A*-)955A* +55 MA@

$ropical# /oastal# +g )# ;;, R%, @3G5, Wd, Rgo, &, BG+# Inland> +g 1# R%, @3G5, H1S3, Wd, Rgo, &, BG+# /:in:/ X Wb325 I 94 +8 'ub:generals X Wb 325 I 94 +8 Warriors X Wb325 I 4 +8 +rchers X Bw3I5 I ) +8 '*irmishers X '*3I5 I 9 +8 Gpgrade s*irmishers to blowpipe men X '*3V5 I < +8 -ight guns X +rt3I5 I . +8 8rahu X Bts3'5 I ) +8 3Wb or Bw5 'couting outriggers X Bts3;5 I 9 +8 1 1:9 94: " ":94 6:16 9:6 ":4 ":6 ":9

A'ter ).55 8alisades to protect barangay X ; I 9 +8 =illagers X @d325 I 1 +8 Reclassify light guns to artillery X+rt3'5 I 9. +8 An e<4ept Tagalog-Pa2pangan or Moro= Reclassify sub generals as fractious subordinates 3ally5 X Wb325 I 14 +8 Reclassify Warriors as Wb3I5 I ) +8 Moro /achil 'ub:general X Wb3'5 I 9. +8 /achil %olunteers X Wb3'5 I . +8 8rahu X Bts3'5 I ) +8

":94 ":4 up to Z

+ll +ny

":1 9:< 1 per Wb3'5

Moro A'ter ).,. Replace bowmen with captured firearms X 'h3I5 I 4 +8

Gp to half

Spanish Philippine 'ro2 ).0) Reclassify /:in:/ as 'panish X Bd3;5 I 9. +8 'panish ad%enturers X Bd3;5 I . +8 'panish e(peditionary shot X 'h3;5 I 6 +8 'iege train or landed na%al artillery X +rt3'5 I 9. +8 Galleons and transports X up to Q 'hp325 I . +8 rest 'hp3I5 I ) +8 3any5 Spanish Philippine a'ter ).9+ Reclassify /:in:/ or sub:general as -n3;5 I )9 +8 &ercenary swordsmen X Bd 3;5 I . +8 Replace Warriors with $agalog:8ampangan contingents, 1J) X Q Bd3;5 I .+8, rest 'h3I5 I 4 +8 Galleys, galliots and fregates X up to Z Gal 325 I 4 +8 rest Bts 3'5 I ) +8 Spanish Philippine Re8el a'ter ).9+ Replace Warriors with either star%ing rebels or /hinese %ictims X @d325 I 1 +8 Spanish Philipine a'ter )/55 Reclassify 'panish or $agalog:8amapangan shot as 'h325 I 6+8

+ll 9:4 1 per Bd3;5 ":1 1 per 'panish foot

":1 9:4 9":." ":4

up to Q

+ny

$he initial portion of this list has been e(tracted from Boo* ) -ist 1! IAD2A,'I+A 2R &+-+S 14 4 +D X 1!"" +D# $he ma0ority of conflicts prior to the arri%al of the 'panish were either clashes between barangays or e(panding Islam from the south and possibly raids by /hinese pirates# +rmies drawn from this list are di%ided into either coastal or inland# /oastal armies include 'panish, 'panish 8hilippine Rebel, $agalog:8ampangan ;ederation, &oros and the inhabitants of the smaller islands, /ebu, -eyte, Nebu, etc, $he coastal communities were recorded in 1.91 as well fortified with palisades and artillery# Inland tribes include the /ayagan, Aegrito and Igrotoes# Inland tribes can not ha%e na%al elements# 2nly the $agalog:8ampangan and the &oros seem ha%e reached sufficient population mass and demonstrated sufficient internal cooperation for their sub:generals not to be classified as allies# ;ractious subordinates commands do not ha%e to meet the restrictions imposed on allied commands# /achils %olunteers can only be part of the /:in:/Os command or under their own sub:general who may also command other &oro embar*ed na%al elements# /aptured arms and armour indicate that better e1uipped &oros wore padded armour augmented with small iron platesJstrips# +dditionally, the &oros used both two handed and single hand swords and either conical shields 3coming to a pointJspi*e5 or rectangular wooden shields 3scalloped with intricate designs top and bottom5# Initially 'panish shot are classified as fast representing application of the tactics they had learnt in the +mericas# Illustrations of later operations clearly show 'panish forces drawn up in deep bloc*s with shot in front and swordsmen behind# In these rules a 9 deep line with 'h325 in front to disorder the oncoming hordes of warband with a second ran* of blades fast to rush through to engage the disordered warbands seems best to represent the local tactics# $agalog and

8ampangan contingents after 1.!4 e%en though officered and commanded by their own Datus they are considered integral elements of the 'panish colonial army, ac1uitting themsel%es as e1uals# $he option to upgrade a general represents the gallant and foolish action of /aptain Foan Garcia de 'ierra who pursued bro*en &oros at the siege of +re%alo in 1. 4 only to be surrounded and ha%e the legs of his horse hac*ed off# $he 'panish 8hilippine Rebel list has only been included to pro%ide allies or potential allies for -imahongOs in%asion and 4o(ingaOs threatened in%asion# + /hinese +rmy 3Boo* 1 list 995 can draw an allied contingent from the 'panish 8hilippine Rebel portion of this list#