Analysis Of WasteWater Treatment By Aerobic Process, Discharged During Pre-Treatment Operations Of Cotton Textiles .

OR

Optimi ed aeration time during biological treatment of cotton textile !et processing effluent by Aerobic process "ynthetic textile !aste!ater treatment through acti#ate sludge process

AB"T$ACT New Eco labels for textile products and tighter restrictions on waste water discharges are forcing textile wet processors to treat process water and chemicals before being discharged to receiving waters. In this study laboratory scale activated sludge process unit was developed with an idea to analyze biological treatment of synthetic textile effluents, by aerobic process. Synthetic effluent comprises of waste, collected from pre treatment processes i.e. desizing, scouring and bleaching. Removal efficiency of pollutants was recorded before, during and after treatment in terms of !", #!", p$ , %"S and %urbidity. %hese parameters were studied after every & hours interval up to &' hours retention time at two aeration flow rates of ( and ) l*min. +or all processes removal ,age of #!" and !" at both flow rates ranges between (( to -., , which indicates the removal of almost all biodegradable organic matter for this type of treatment. !ptimized aeration times at different flow rates are also establish. %&'WO$D" %extile pre/treatment processes, synthetic waste water, #iological treatment, 0erobic process, !", #!".

() *+T$OD,CT*O+ %extile wet processing units consumes large volume of water for various processes such as Sizing, #leaching, 1ercerization, dyeing, 2rinting, +inishing and 3ashing 45, .6. "ue to the nature of various chemical wet processing, large volumes of waste water with numerous pollutants are discharged through these industrial units.47,86 3hich not only affects the 09uatic Eco/system in number of ways but also give rise to many organic and inorganic toxic pollutants in environment 4(6. %he toxic effects of dyestuffs and other organic compounds, as well as acidic and al:aline contaminants, from industrial establishments on the general public are widely accepted. Increasing public concern about environmental issues has led to closure of several small/scale industries 4&6. New Eco/labels and discharge limits of industrial waste water effluents are sub;ected to regulations which are getting more restricted with time. 4),<6. %his

waste water must have to treat in order to reduce their biological and chemical load before being discharge to streams, rivers or oceans, as organic compounds cause deficiency of oxygen in receiving water bodies and have a direct effect on a9uatic life4-,5'6. =arious types of high rate anaerobic/aerobic water treatment techni9ues are currently available including high rate bioreactors and integrated anaerobic/aerobic bioreactors 4556. 0ctivated sludge treatment of wastes is also an effective and economic way of reducing organic pollutants from 1unicipals and industrial waste water 45., 86. %his study was planned to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of activated sludge reactor Simulator and to generate a systematic and reliable data that will help to design an indigenous textile waste water treatment system.

-) .AT&$*A/" A+D .&T0OD -)( Preparation of synthetic effluent> Synthetic textile ?wet processing@ waste water was prepared from 2re/treatment operations i.e. ?desizing, scouring, and bleaching processes@, where sized cotton fabric was processed at all steps with textile auxiliaries as per standard recipes of lariantAs textile chemicals. %wo high temperature dyeing machines were used for all processes at %extile engineering department of 1ehran Bniversity Camshoro. Effluent 5 was collected from desizing operation, where sizing material ?starch@ on fabric was removed by enzymes 4576. "esizing carried out with hemicals i.e. #actosol 1%N 8g*l, Imerol 2 D+ 5g*l, Na l 8g*l at )' ' for 8( minutes.

Effluent . comprises of oil, waxes, dust and other hydrophobic impurities, since during scouring all natural and additive impurities were removed from the cotton fibers 4586. Scouring carried out with caustic soda.,, Imerol 2 D+ '.( g*l, Sirrix .B" .g*l at 5'' ' for &' minutes. Bses of high concentrations of Na!$ also re9uire neutralization of wastewater 45(6.

Effluent 7 comprises of waste water collected from bleaching #ath. #leaching process removed natural pigments from substrates 45&6, with the help of hydrogen per oxide 7g*l, caustic soda 7g*l, Sifa '.(g*l, Sirrex .B" 5.( g*l, Imerol 2 D+ .g*l at -' ' for 7' minutes.

Effluent 8 combine waste water from all process that are full define above at 5>5

-)- 1abrication of aerobic simulator +or the treatment of textile effluent a stainless steel batch reactor Simulator was fabricated according to design specification, mentioned in figure 5.%otal capacity of reactor Simulator was 5' liters with 8 liters hydraulic capacity. +ine air diffuser was used to disperse air inside the reactor Simulator. ollected synthetic waste water from pre/treatment processAs were treated one by one and also combined at 5>5 in aerobic batch reactor Simulator at two flow rates of ( and ) liters*min with hydraulic retention time up to &' hours. Erab sampling techni9ue was used and samples were collected at the interval time of & hours. %o evaluate treatment efficiency, parameters mentioned in table No. 5, were analyzed by 02$0 ?0merican 2ublic $ealth 0ssociation@ standard test methods before and after treatment.

2) $&",/T" A+D D*""C,""*O+" Synthetic wastewater samples were collected and characterized. Results obtained before any treatment are mentioned in table No. . which shows that all parametersA values exceeded the standards given in the National Environment Fuality Standards ?NEFS@. onse9uently imposes serious threat to the environment. %he minimum and maximum values for hemical !xygen "emand ? !"@ are .75' and 85<( mg*l and for #iochemical !xygen "emand ?#!"@ are .(( and 5.88 mg*l respectively. %he p$ of effluent varied from ) to 5.. %urbidity ranged from - to 8-?N%B@. %otal "issolve Solids ?%"S@ lies between .)-' and 58&'' mg*l. Results obtained with respect to treatment of desizing process effluent mentioned in +igure No. ., shows that #!" and !" were decreased with continuous aeration at both flow rates. !ptimized values for theses parameters were obtained at hydraulic retention time of .8 hours with aeration flow rate of ( l*min and 5< hours with flow rate of ) l*min. removal percentage of #!" and !" at flow rate of ( l*min were <', and 7', respectively and at flow rate of ) l*min were )-, and 7', respectively at their optimized retention time. Removal ,age of #!" is higher than !". %his is for the reason that desizing waste water contains water soluble natural sizes as starch etc, which is easily biodegradable, as compared to organic compounds that may contain slowly/biodegradable organics45)6. =alues of %"S were increased with respect to continuous hydraulic retention time. %his is because of p$ values, as %"S increases with decreasing p$ towards acidic side 45<6.

!utcomes observed after treatment of waste water obtained from scouring process are shown in figure No. 7. 0ccording to results obtained removal ,age of #!" and !" at continuous aeration flow rate of ( l*min and ) l*min are &8, ((,, and &8, (<, respectively. Dittle lowering removal efficiency as compared to other waste treatments, refers to the lesser biodegradability of chemicals used in the process. !ptimized aeration time observed at flow rates of ( l*min and ) l*min were 8.and .8 hours respectively. $igher p$ values, due to the presence of Na!$ ?strong al:ali@ in effluent were observed. 0fter treatment of waste water collected from bleaching bath results obtained are shown in figure No. 8. It was observed that, removal ,age of #!" and !" at aeration flow rates of ( and ) l*min were ((, -., and (&, <<, respectively. !ptimized aeration time at these flow rates were 8. and 7' hours respectively. $igher !" removal efficiency in less time found as compared to #!" which confirms the decomposition of bleaching agent to oxygen and acetic acid which is highly biodegradable 45-6. +igure No. ( shows the results obtained after treatment of combined waste water from all processes at same ratio. !ptimized retention time experienced at aeration flow rates of ( and ) l*min were 8< and 7& hours. Removal ,age of #!" and !" at flow rates of ( and ) l*min were &<, <., and &), )<, respectively.

3) CO+C/,"*O+ +ollowing conclusions were drawn after treating synthetic wastewater collected from pretreatment processes, in lab scale by activated sludge reactor Simulator. +or all processes removal ,age of #!" and !" at both flow rates of ( and ) l* min. ranges between ((, to -., and optimized aeration time lies between 5< to 8) or 8< hours. 0fter observing results of all processes and combined waste water treatment, it has been concluded that biological treatment is more effective for reducing pollution load from cotton textile combined waste water.

TAB/& +O) () "TA+DA$D T&"T*+4 PA$A.&T&$" ") +o) 5 . 7 Parameters p$ %otal "issolved Solids ?%"S@ #iological !xygen "emand?#!"@ "tandard Test .ethods 8('' $G # Electronic 1ethod onductivity %"S 1eter $0 $ 88&'' (.5'# ( day #!" %est

8 (

hemical !xygen "emand ? !"@ %urbidity ?N%B@

(..'" losed Reflex, alorimetric 1ethod 2hotometric 1ethod

TAB/& +O) - C0A$ACT&$*"T*C" O1 "'+T0&T*C T&5T*/& WA"T&WAT&$ B&1O$& T$&AT.&+T Testing Parameters ")6 5 . 7 8 Process BOD7mg8l9 "esizing Scouring #leaching ombine -7& 5.88 .(( -7( COD7mg8l9 7&87 7.-( .75' 85<( p0 ) 5. 5. 5. TD"7mg8l9 8.'' <75' .)-' 58&'' Turbidity7+T,9 87' 7(

Fig: 1 Schematic Setup of Aerobic Simulators

1*4,$& +O)- $&",/T" O1 D&"*:*+4 P$OC&"" WA"T& WAT&$ T$&AT.&+T .

1*4,$& +O)2 $&",/T" O1 "CO,$*+4 P$OC&"" WA"T& WAT&$ T$&AT.&+T)

1*4,$& +O) 3 $&",/T" O1 B/&AC0*+4 P$OC&"" WA"T& WAT&$ T$&AT.&+T.

1*4,$& +O) ; $&",/T" O1 CO.B*+&D WA"T& WAT&$ T$&AT.&+T.

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