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Cytauxzoonosis
Cytauxzoon felis This diseases is infectious to house cats. It is a disease more commonly found in areas such as South Central and Southeast United States. This disease is caused by the Lone Star Tick. There are treatment options but none have been 100% effective in all treated patients. Symptoms Anemia Depression High fever Difficulty breathing Jaundice
Babesiosis*
Babesia canis The babesiosis diagnosis is caused by the Deer Tick nypmh. The protozoan organisms set themselves up in the red blood cells. The most common treatment in the United States is the antiprotozoal drug, Imidocarb dipropionate. Syptoms Fever Weakness Lethargy Pale gums Swollen lymph nodes Red or orange urine Anaemia
Tularemia*
Francisella tularensis Also known as rabbit fever, causes a bacteria carried by a few varieties of ticks in North America. The species that carry this disease include: the American Dog Tick, Lone Star Tick, and the Rocky Mountain Wood Tick. Cats are more affected by this condition than dogs. Symptoms
Fever Reduced appetite Tender abdomen Dehydration Jaundice Enlarged spleen and/or liver White patches or ulcers on tongue Enlarged lymph nodes Lethargy
Haemobartonellosis
Mycoplasm haemofelis /M. haemominutum
Symtoms
Depression Loss of appetite Dehydration Anemia Weight loss Pale mucous membranes Weakness Fast heart and respiratory rates Jaundice
This disease is transmitted by both ticks and fleas and caused by an organism that targets red blood cells in the affected animal, which leads to anemia and weakness. In cats, the condition is also known as feline infectious anemia. In dogs, the disease is usually not apparent unless the animal already has underlying issues.
Anaplasmosis*
Anaplasma phagocytophilum/A. marginal/A. platys
Symptoms
Rapid breathing Difficulty breathing Depression Dehydration Lameness Joint pain Vomiting Diarrhea Seizures Coughing
Deer Ticks and Western BlackLegged Ticks carry the bacteria that transmit canine anaplasmosis. Another form of anaplasmosis is carried by the Brown Dog Tick. Both dogs and cats are at risk for this condition.
Ehrlichiosis*
Erlichia canis/Anaplasma platys
Symptoms
Fever Lethargy Loss of appetite Weight loss Abnormal bleeding Enlarged lymph nodes Enlarged spleen Pain and stiffness Coughing Discharge from the eyes and/or nose Vomiting Diarrhea Inflammation of the eye
This disease is transmitted to dogs by the Brown Dog tick and the Lone Star Tick. A closely related infection affecting platelets is caused by a bacteria called Anaplasma platys and is sometimes referred to as Ehrlichiosis as well.
Symptoms
Depression Lethargy Anorexia Bloody urine Arrhythmia Discolored spots Ataxia Edema (fluid retention) in the limbs Difficulty with blood clotting Swollen lymph nodes Pain in eyes Inflammation, hemorrhage, or conjunctivitis in the mucosal membranes
Lyme Disease*
Borrelia burgdorferi Deer ticks carry these bacteria, transmitting them to the animal while sucking its blood. The tick must be attached to the dog (or cat) for about 48 hours in order to transmit the bacteria to the bloodstream. There is no cure currently available. Symptoms Lameness Swollen joints Severe pain Heart block Kidney failure Neurological changes such as seizures and aggression
Tick Paralysis*
Neurotoxin of the Scrub Tick Ixodes holocyclus
The paralysis tick (or scrub tick) injects a poison into the system which progressively paralyses the host animal starting from the hind legs to the front legs.
Symptoms Inhalation pneumonia Vomiting Loss of appetite Paralysis Total organ failure
Lyme Disease
(Borrelia burgdorferi)
*Lyme disease is only carried by the blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis). Transmission in the nymph stage occurs during late spring into early summer. Infected adult ticks do not transmit the disease until the fall and winter. There has to be a 36 hour attachment period before the tick transmits the disease. Symptoms Include: a rash called erythema migrans (EM), which has a circular shaped and two inch diameter at site of infection, the disease may affect joints, nervous system, or heart. Symptoms that may appear with months or years if left untreated from a bite from an infected tick include nervous system problems or arthritis. If caught early it can be treated with antibiotics.
The American Dog Tick (Dermacentor variabilis) is the primary carrier of the disease. Nearly all cases occur in the spring and summer months. Between the third and fifth day after being infected a red, spotted rash may appear, beginning on the wrists and ankles appears. Spreading rapidly the rash goes from the palms of the hands to the soles of the feet. About only half of *RMSF patients develop a rash. Antibiotic treatment is used in treating RMSF.
In Virginia the most common tick related diseases are human monocytic *ehrlichiosis (HME) and human granulocytic *anaplasmosis (HGA). HME can only be transmitted by Lone Star Ticks in the adult stage. HGA can only be transmitted by the Black-Legged Tick in the nymph stage. Symptoms Include: fever, headache, muscle pain, vomiting, and general discomfort. Illness can be severe - up to 3% of patients may die if not treated The most common treatment method are antibiotics.
Tularemia
(Francisella tularensis)
*Tularemia is a rare infectious disease that can attack the skin, eyes, lymph nodes, lungs and other internal organs. It is transmitted by the American Dog Tick and the Lone Star Tick. Symptoms Include: fever, chills, ulcers, exhaustion, headaches, swollen and painful lymph glands Tularemia can be effectively treated with antibiotics such as streptomycin or gentamicin, which are given by injection directly into a muscle or vein. Doctors may prescribe oral antibiotics such as doxycycline
Babesiosis
(Babesia microti)
*Babesiosis is only transmitted by the infected Black-Legged Tick. It is caused by a malaria-like parasite. Symtoms Include: fatigue, headache, drenching sweats, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, very low blood pressure, liver problems, jaundice, and severe hemolytic anemia. Babesiosis is treated with a combination of two types of anti-parasite drugs 1. Atovaquone 2. Erythromycin-type drug
Powassan
This disease is transmitted by the Black-Legged Tick, Woodchuck Tick or Squirrel Tick, in the northeastern U.S. and Great Lakes region. Signs and symptoms of infection can include fever, headache, vomiting, weakness, confusion, seizures, and memory loss. There is no specific treatment.
364D Rickettsiosis
This disease is transmitted to humans by the Pacific Coast Tick. It has been seen in California. Symptoms can include but arent limited to Lymphadenitis and/or lymphadenopathy, fatigue, fever, headache, and eschars. The main form of treatment is Doxycylcine
Hemorrhagic Fevers
Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever
Found in Eastern Europe, particularly in the former Soviet Union; in Northwestern China; Central Asia; Southern Europe; Africa; the Middle East; and the Indian subcontinent.
*Lyme Disease
It can be contracted in temperate forested regions throughout Europe and Northern Asia. It is more common in Eastern and Central Europe than in Western Europe. In contrast to North America, Lyme disease can be caused by several different species of Borrelia burgdorferi and may have somewhat different symptoms.