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Passive Voice
Passive Voice Passive voice sentences the subject is subject to the action of the verb, or phrase that describes what happens to the subject of the sentence, while the active sentence is a sentence that states the subject of the sentence does what. Use of Passive Passive voice is used when the focus is on the action. It is not important or not known, however, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen. In the example above, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I do not know, however, who did it. Sometimes a statement in passive is more polite than active voice, as the following example shows: Example: A mistake was made. In this case, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not blame anyone . Form of Passive Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs) Example: A letter was written. When rewriting active sentences in passive voice, note the following:

the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence the finite form of the verb is changed (to be + past participle) the subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped)

Examples of Passive
Tense Simple Present Active: Subject Rita Verb writes is written wrote was written has written has been written will write will be written can write can be written Object a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.

Passive: A letter Simple Past Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Present Perfect Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Future I Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Hilfsverben Active: Rita

Passive: A letter

Examples of Passive
Tense Present Progressive Active: Subject Rita Verb is writing is being written was writing was being written had written had been written will have written will have been written would write would be written would have written would have been written Object a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita. a letter. by Rita.

Passive: A letter Rita

Past Progressive Active:

Passive: A letter Past Perfect Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Future II Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Conditional I Active: Rita

Passive: A letter Conditional II Active: Rita

Passive: A letter

Passive Sentences with Two Objects

Rewriting an active sentence with two objects in passive voice means that one of the two objects becomes the subject, the other one remains an object. Which object to transform into a subject depends on what you want to put the focus on.

Subject Active: Passive: Passive: Rita A letter I

Verb wrote was written was written

Object 1 a letter to me a letter

Object 2 to me. by Rita. by Rita.

As you can see in the examples, adding by Rita does not sound very elegant. Thats why it is usually dropped. Personal and Impersonal Passive Personal Passive simply means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. So every verb that needs an object (transitive verb) can form a personal passive. Example: They build houses. Houses are built. Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal construction therefore this passive is called Impersonal Passive. Example: he says it is said Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (e.g. German, Latin). In English, Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (e. g. say, think, know). Example: They say that women live longer than men. It is said that women live longer than men. Although Impersonal Passive is possible here, Personal Passive is more common. Example: They say that women live longer than men. Women are said to live longer than men.

The subject of the subordinate clause (women) goes to the beginning of the sentence; the verb of perception is put into passive voice. The rest of the sentence is added using an infinitive construction with 'to' (certain auxiliary verbs and that are dropped). Sometimes the term Personal Passive is used in English lessons if the indirect object of an active sentence is to become the subject of the passive sentence.

Example problems 1. A : Look! The girl is crying. What happened to her just now? B : While playing with her brother, she ____ a. Kicks b. Kicked c. will kick d. was kicking e. was kicked Answer : E (Simple Past : S + was/were + V3) 2. A. Do you know the result of the test? B. Not yet. The announcement ____ twice. a. was postponed
b. was being postponed c. will be postponed d. has to be postponed e. has been postponed

Answer : A (The context of the sentence is simple past) 3. Mela : Why do you prefer Surya Depstore to others?
Dian : Because the items ____ at a reasonable price. a. is sold b. are sold c. was sold d. were sold e. had been sold

Answer : B (The context of the sentence is simple present. because the subject is plural then to be appropriate are)

4.

X : Theres no longer a rule for the youth to enter military service in Britain. Y : Really, when.? a. was it abolishing b. did it abolish c. was it abolished d. was it to abolish e. to be abolished

Answer : C (Passive pattern introgative simple past : was/ware+ S + V3) 5. Andre : When did the accident happen?
Rio : When the goods ____ from the truck. a. have been unloaded b. were being unloaded c. are being unloaded d. will be unloaded e. are unloaded

Answer : B (Passive pattern past continuous : S +was/ware+ being+ V3)

REFRENSI 1. 2. 3. 4. http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/passive http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/passive.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_passive_voice http://4englishcourses.blogspot.com/2011/07/latihan-bahasainggris-materi-passive.html