Biology Week 2- Alive vs. Dead Handout What is alive?

Eventually, everything goes where it isnt, goes away, breaks down. This is known as entropy. iving things !ost!one entro!y by organi"ing. i#e started #ro$ inorgani% $aterials &soil'dirt(, whi%h rea%ted with lightning to $ake organi% %he$i%als. What di##erentiates live things #ro$ dead things) a( ive things $ove b( Dead things dont have entro!y %( ive things !ost!one entro!y and organi"e d( Dead things %an organi"e Alive things: -Take in energy -Assimilate -Self Regulate -Self Repair Assimilation is taking so$ething and turning it into sel#. Where does Assimilation take place? Takes !la%e inside a %ell. o *nside the %ell is alive, outside the %ell is dead. o +ell takes in raw $aterials &#ats, %arbs, !roteins( and energy &%he$i%al energy(, and turns it into %ell stu## &cytoplasm(. o +ell has a %ell $e$brane to kee! the live stu## inside and dead stu## outside. What is the !ro%ess o# assi$ilation) a( +ells use energy to $ake $ore %ells b( Ani$als re!rodu%e %( ,rganis$s take in raw $aterials and energy and $ake $ore sel# d( +ells use sel# to $ake raw $aterials Where does assi$ilation take !la%e) a( -our %ells b( -our sto$a%h %( -our intestines d( -our blood

Energy is needed #or assi$ilation. Where does energy come from? .lant energy %o$es #ro$ the sun. +ow energy %o$es #ro$ !lant. -our energy %o$es #ro$ %ow. &!g. /0( Water1light1soil'nitrogen2rass+ow-ou 3 grou!s o# #ood4 Fat, Protein, Carbohydrate o .lants take nitrogen and turn it into !lant !rotein. +ow eats the !lant and turns the !lant into %ow !rotein. We take a %ow and turn it into our !rotein. Assi$ilation5 6o7-ou are $ade o# energy whi%h is $ade o# sunshine5 Every living thing is $ade o#7 a( +arbohydrates and !roteins b( +arbohydrates, and'or 8ats %( +arbohydrates, .roteins, and 8ats d( 8ats and .roteins Homeostasis- 6el#-regulation, sel#-re!air, sel#-$aintain. What is a puppy made of? What are you made of? iving things have organic chemicals. Dead things &ro%ks et%.( have inorganic chemicals. ive things de#y entro!y by staying organi"ed &ho$eostasis( Ho$eostasis is when7 a( ive things sel#-regulate, sel#-re!air, and sel#-$aintain b( ive things hel! ea%h other survive %( ive things use !rodu%ers to survive d( ive things re!rodu%e Ecology4 All living things e9ist in relation to everything else, in%luding other living things. Can live things survive on their own? .lants %an #or a while: they dont need other things to live. However, what would ha!!en i# there were only !lants) Eventually all the dead !lants would !ile u! and no new !lants %ould rea%h the sun. 6o7plants need decomposers. The #irst sustainable e%osyste$s %onsisted o# !lants &!rodu%ers( and de%o$!osers &ba%teria and #ungi(. *# ro%ks and dirt are inorgani% %he$i%als, and living things are organi% %he$i%als, how did we get organi% %he$i%als in the #irst !la%e)

o H2,, +,2, H2, ;2 are all inorgani% %he$i%als, but they also $ake u! organi% %he$i%als. Protocells <o%ks1H2,1+,21H21;21Ele%tri%ity=,rgani% +he$i%als. This %reated #at dro!lets. These were the #irst %ells, or the Protocells.

Whi%h o# the #ollowing is a sustainable e%osyste$) a( .rodu%ers and +onsu$ers b( .rodu%ers and nothing else %( .rodu%ers and De%o$!osers d( +onsu$ers and De%o$!osers What was the #irst li#e %reated #ro$) a( *norgani% %he$i%als and ele%tri%ity b( ,rgani% %he$i%als and ele%tri%ity %( Water and ele%tri%ity d( Asteroid ba%teria and water here are three types of living things Producers4 nutrient-!rodu%ing live things, like !lants Consumers4 living things that de!end on !rodu%ers #or so$e sort o# energy, like hu$ans, who re>uire !lants and ani$als to survive !ecomposers4 living things that eat u! dead organis$s. Turn organi% %he$i%als into inorgani% %he$i%als. Things like bacteria, worms and fungi.

"ife: #$%&%' #( )'%*E$+E A'! P"A'E + Big Bang #or$s @niverse 6tars 8or$ ,ur 6olar 6yste$ #or$s Earth is #or$ed i#e Begins AB billion years ago AC billion years ago B billion years ago C billion years ago 3.? billion years ago

EA$", "%(E (#$-+ 3.? billion years ago

.roto +ells

3.B billion years ago &Ar%haeba%teria( 3 billion years ago &Euba%teria( A billion years ago organelles(

DAn%ientD Ba%teria DTrueD Ba%teria DTrueD +ells

.rokaryoti% .rokaryoti% Eukaryotes &with

A!AP A %#' A'! !%*E$+%(%CA %#' E ,ver the last A000 $illion &a billion years( the geogra!hy and %li$ate %hanged in geologi%al D!eriodsD. A#ter ea%h %hange new li#e #or$s ada!ted to lo%al %onditions, be%a$e su%%ess#ul and took over &DradiatedD(. They were then annihilated by %ata%lys$s like asteroid i$!a%ts, and a new li#e #or$ took over. /00 $illion years ago B00 $illion years ago A00 $illion years ago 300 $illion years ago 2B0 $illion years ago 200 $illion years ago GB $illion years ago B0 $illion years ago A.B $illion years ago AB Billion -ears Ago B Billion -ears Ago C.B Billion -ears Ago 8irst ,rgani% +he$i%als .rokaryotes Eukaryotes Ba%teria, .roto"oa, 8ungi, Algae Farine *nvertebrates, 8ish, .lants *nse%ts, A$!hibians <e!tiles Dinosaurs Fa$$als Dinosaurs E9tin%t Earliest Hu$an An%estors Earliest Fodern Hu$ans

Everything in the @niverse was in one !la%e, then e9!anded ra!idly in an even %alled the Big Bang. 6olar 6yste$ was %reated Electricity (lightning turned inorganic chemicals into organic chemicals, making organic life possible! Ba%teria 8ungi, algae .lants 8ish A$!hibians &Amphi4 HTwoI or HBothI. A$!hibians live both on land and in water.( <e!tiles Birds Fa$$als

How did we grow to .e what we are now?

6ingle %ells &little things(Fulti!le %ells &bigger things( ots and lots o# %ells &ani$als, !lants, #ungi( The #irst things were single %ells, with %yto!las$ and a %ell $e$brane. Fi%ros%o!i% li#e %a$e ne9t4 things like ba%teria, !lankton, and algae. Fi%ros%o!i% li#e Jelly#ish 8ish A$!hibians <e!tiles Birds Fa$$als &*n%luding you5(