Bipolar Disorder

Definition:Alternating periods of mania and depression unrelated to external events Onset: 20 years or older Bipolar I Mania is predominant Interferes with daily functioning sychotic features Bipolar II Depression is predominant !ypomania: mild episodes of mania Doesn"t completely interfere with daily functioning Does not have psychotic features #yclothymic Disorder $#ycling spirit$ %ess severe chronic form of &ipolar with mild mania and depression and cycles over a period of 2 years 'trong relationships of Bipolar disorder and creativity %ithium is a mood sta&ili(er

Theories of the cause of mood disorders:

'tressful life events theory: 'tressful life events that could &e a cause of depression: Any situation that may lower self)esteem Dilemma that is difficult to solve Death of a child*parent Diagnosed with a disease #an &e a chronic illness that can &e lived with 'eries of stressors+Bad year,: -n)recognised stressors %earning theory+&ehavior theory, %ac. of positive reinforcement e/uates to depression Interactional 0heory #oncept of reciprocal interaction $!ow we &ehave affects how other people &ehave towards us1$ Depression is contagious #ognitive 0heory 2egative #ognitive 0riad 3, dysfunctional &elief system+Oneself, 2, errors in thin.ing*negative thoughts+experience and environment, 4,2egativity of ones future 0hese negative thoughts are maintained &y cognitive distortions #ognitive Distortions: All or 2othing 0hin.ing 0hin.ing in 5xtremes+everything is good or &ad and nothing in&etween, Over generali(ation One negative thing happens means everything is

negative Mental filter 6iltering out the good stuff7 and focusing on negative details of any experience8 0here&y7 re9ecting any positivity8" #ognitive Behavioral 0heory %earned !elplessness 2egative experiences may lead to feeling out of control Attri&utional 0heory+how you loo. at things, 2egative attri&utional style of thin.ing8 :hat you attri&ute your thin.ing to8 0hese negative situations are &lamed on internal factors instead of external factors Internal 6actors vs8 5xternal 6actors ermanent 6actors vs8 0emporary factors ;enerali(ation factors vs 'pecific factors %earned !opelessness At this point your depressed Biological perspective ;enetic 6actor:'trong genetic component in terms of mood disorders Biochemical 6actors: receptors of specific receptors Brain A&normalities: prefrontal cortex of people w* ma9or depression and dysthymia !ormonal #hanges: 0hyroid pro&lems 'leep Distur&ances: %ac. of sleep can lead to depression Biorhythm dysfunction Availa&le 2atural %ight

0reatment of Mood Disorders

I 0+interpersonal psycho)therapy,: emphasi(es the role of interpersonal issues in depression and helps clients ma.e

healthy changes in their relationships Behavioral Activation: encourages client to engage in to more positive activities8 #ognitive 0herapy: #hallenge the person"s thought7 #ognitive restructuring8 Antidepressants: <ery popular 3:30 people are on antidepressants+4x more than it was 20 years ago, =atherine 'harp 5lectroconvulsive 0herapy