PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!

i H"-#
H$%&"$RK PR$B'&%S Cha()e! #: S$'I*S +N* ,'-I*S
P+R.-+: Ha/d i/ you! a/s0e!s i/ class o/ sca/)!o/ o/ %o/day 12 No3e45e!-60102 "!i)e you!
/a4e7 class 814019 a/d H" : # o/ )he sca/)!o/2
1. "ha) is )he 4ass o; a solid gold !ec)a/gula! 5a! )ha) has di4e/sio/s o; 4250 c4 < 1120 c4 <
6=20 c4>
8a9 6428 g 859 452= g 8c9 1124 g 8d9 ??26 g 8e9 1#25 g
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 2 2
gold
19.3 10 kg m 4.50 10 m 11.0 10 m 26.0 10 m 24.8 kg m V


2. + ==20-g 4a/ lies o/ his 5ac o/ a 5ed o; /ails7 0i)h 1 608 o; )he /ails i/ co/)ac) 0i)h his
5ody2 .he e/d o; each /ail has a!ea 1200 < 10
@=
4
6
2 "ha) a3e!age (!essu!e is e<e!)ed 5y o/e /ail
o/ )he 4a/As 5ody>
8a9 6261 < 10
5
Pa 859 ?20# < 10
5
Pa 8c9 12=5 < 10
=
Pa 8d9 52?5 < 10
5
Pa
8e9 4211 < 10
4
Pa
On average, the support force each nail exerts on the body is
( ) ( )
2
1
66.0 kg 9.80 m s
0.535 N
1 208 1 208
mg
F
so the average pressure exerted on the body by each nail is
1 5
av
6 2
nail
end
0.535 N
5.35 10 Pa
1.00 10 m
F
P
A

3. + hyd!aulic Bac has a/ i/(u) (is)o/ o; a!ea 02050 4

6
a/d a/ ou)(u) (is)o/ o; a!ea 0270 4
6
2
Ho0 4uch ;o!ce o/ )he i/(u) (is)o/ is !eCui!ed )o li;) a ca! 0eighi/g 126 < 10
?
N>
8a9 46 N 859 =8 N 8c9 8= N 8d9 110 N 8e9 1?0 N
From Pascals principle,
1 1 2 2
F A F A
, so if the output force is to be
3
2
1.2 10 N F , the required
input force is
( )
2
1 3
1 2
2
2
0.050 m
1.2 10 N 86 N
0.70 m
A
F F
A
_ _


, ,
4. + lead 5ulle) is (laced i/ a (ool o; 4e!cu!y2 "ha) ;!ac)io/al (a!) o; )he 3olu4e o; )he 5ulle) is
su54e!ged>
8a9 02455 859 02=66 8c9 02714 8d9 028?1 8e9 02#?0
According to Archimedess principle, the buoyant force exerted on the bullet by the mercury is equal to the
weight of a volume of mercury that is the same as the submerged volume of the bullet. If the bullet is to
float, this buoyant force must equal the total weight of the bullet. Thus, for a floating bullet,
mercury submerged lead bullet
V g V g
and
3 3
submerged
lead
3 3
bullet mercury
11.3 10 kg m
0.831
13.6 10 kg m
V
V

1
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-#
5. "ha) is )he (!essu!e a) )he 5o))o4 o; 'och Ness7 0hich is as 4uch as 754 ;) dee(> 8.he
su!;ace o; )he lae is o/ly 1528 4 a5o3e sea le3elD he/ce7 )he (!essu!e )he!e ca/ 5e )ae/ )o 5e
1201? < 10
5
Pa29
8a9 1256 E 10
5
Pa 859 6274 E 10
5
Pa 8c9 62?5 E 10
=
Pa 8d9 7201 E 10
5
Pa
8e9 ?215 E 10
5
Pa
The absolute pressure at depth h below the surface of a liquid with density

, and with pressure 0

P
at its
surface, is 0
P P gh +
. Thus, at a depth of 754 ft in the waters of Loch Ness,
( ) ( ) ( )
5 3 3 2 6
1 m
1.013 10 Pa 1.00 10 kg m 9.80 m s 754 ft 2.35 10 Pa
3.281 ft
P
1 _
+
1
,
]
6. Hu!!ica/e 0i/ds o; #5 4iFh a!e 5lo0i/g o3e! )he ;la) !oo; o; a 0ell-sealed house2 "ha) is )he
di;;e!e/ce i/ ai! (!essu!e 5e)0ee/ )he i/side a/d ou)side o; )he house>
8a9 126 E 10
?
Pa 859 624 E 10
4
Pa 8c9 ?24 E 10
?
Pa 8d9 420 E 10
?
Pa
8e9 52? E 10
4
Pa
We assume that the air inside the well-sealed house has essentially zero speed and the thickness of the roof
is negligible so the air just above the roof and that just below the roof is at the same altitude. Then,
Bernoullis equation gives the difference in pressure just below and just above the roof (with the pressure
below being the greatest) as
( ) ( )
2 2
1 2 air 2 1 air 2 1
1
2
P P g y y + v v
or
( ) ( )
2
3 3
1 1
1.29 kg m 95 mi h 0 0 1.2 10 Pa
2 2.237 mi h
P

1 _

+
' ; 1

,
]

7. + ho!iGo/)al (i(e /a!!o0s ;!o4 a !adius o; 02650 4 )o 02100 42 I; )he s(eed o; )he 0a)e! i/ )he
(i(e is 1200 4Fs i/ )he la!ge!-!adius (i(e7 0ha) is )he s(eed i/ )he s4alle! (i(e>
8a9 4250 4Fs 859 6250 4Fs 8c9 ?275 4Fs 8d9 =265 4Fs 8e9 521? 4Fs
From the equation of continuity,
1 1 2 2
A A v v , the speed of the water in the smaller pipe is
( )
( )
( )
2
1
2 1
2
2
0.250 m
1.00 m s 6.25 m s
0.100 m
A
A

1
_
1


1 ,
]
v v
.
8. Be!/oulliAs eCua)io/ ca/ 5e used )o e<(lai/7 i/ (a!)7 0hich o; )he ;ollo0i/g (he/o4e/a>
8a9 )he li;) o/ a/ ai!(la/e 0i/g i/ ;ligh) 859 )he cu!3e o; a s(i//i/g 5ase5all
8c9 3ascula! ;lu))e! 8d9 !educ)io/ i/ (!essu!e o; 4o3i/g ;luids
8e9 all )hese a/s0e!s
All of these phenomena are the result of a difference in pressure on opposite sides of an object due to a
fluid moving at different speeds on the two sides. Thus, the correct response to this question is choice (e).
Bernoullis equation can be used in the discussion of each of these phenomena.
6
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-#
9. + 5oa) de3elo(s a lea a/d7 a;)e! i)s (asse/ge!s a!e !escued7 e3e/)ually si/s )o )he 5o))o4 o;
a lae2 "he/ )he 5oa) is a) )he 5o))o47 is )he /o!4al ;o!ce o/ )he 5oa)
8a9 g!ea)e! )ha/ )he 0eigh) o; )he 5oa)7 859 eCual )o )he 0eigh) o; )he 5oa)7
8c9 less )ha/ )he 0eigh) o; )he 5oa)7 8d9 eCual )o )he 0eigh) o; )he dis(laced 0a)e!7 o!
8e9 eCual )o )he 5uoya/) ;o!ce o/ )he 5oa)>
The boat, even after it sinks, experiences a buoyant force, B, equal to the weight of whatever water it is
displacing. This force will support part of the weight, w, of the boat. The normal force exerted on the boat
by the bottom of the lake will be
n w B w <
will support the balance of the boats weight. The
correct response is (c).
10. .h!ee 3essels o; di;;e!e/) sha(es a!e ;illed )o )he sa4e le3el 0i)h 0a)e! as i/ ,igu!e
%CH#2102 .he a!ea o; )he 5ase is )he sa4e ;o! all )h!ee 3essels2 "hich o; )he ;ollo0i/g
s)a)e4e/)s is 3alid>
8a9 .he (!essu!e a) )he )o( su!;ace o; 3essel + is g!ea)es) 5ecause i) has )he la!ges) su!;ace a!ea2
859 .he (!essu!e a) )he 5o))o4 o; 3essel + is g!ea)es) 5ecause i) co/)ai/s )he 4os) 0a)e!2
8c9 .he (!essu!e a) )he 5o))o4 o; each 3essel is )he sa4e2
8d9 .he ;o!ce o/ )he 5o))o4 o; each 3essel is /o) )he sa4e2
8e9 +) a gi3e/ de()h 5elo0 )he su!;ace o; each 3essel7 )he (!essu!e o/ )he side o; 3essel + is
g!ea)es) 5ecause o; i)s slo(e2
The absolute pressure at depth h below the surface of a fluid having density

is,
0
P P gh + where
0
P
is the pressure at the upper surface of that fluid. The fluid in each of the three vessels has density
water

, the top of each vessel is open to the atmosphere so that
0 atmo
P P
in each case, and the
bottom is at the same depth h below the upper surface for the three vessels. Thus, the pressure P at the
bottom of each vessel is the same and (c) is the correct choice.
11. +/ ideal ;luid ;lo0s )h!ough a ho!iGo/)al (i(e ha3i/g a dia4e)e! )ha) 3a!ies alo/g i)s le/g)h2
*oes )he su4 o; )he (!essu!e a/d i/e)ic e/e!gy (e! u/i) 3olu4e a) di;;e!e/) sec)io/s o; )he (i(e
8a9 dec!ease as )he (i(e dia4e)e! i/c!eases7 859 i/c!ease as )he (i(e dia4e)e! i/c!eases7
8c9 i/c!ease as )he (i(e dia4e)e! dec!eases7 8d9 dec!ease as )he (i(e dia4e)e! dec!eases7 o!
8e9 !e4ai/ )he sa4e as )he (i(e dia4e)e! cha/ges2
Since the pipe is horizontal, each part of it is at the same vertical level or has the same y-coordinate. Thus,
from Bernoullis equation
1 2
2
( ) P gy constant + + v , we see that the sum of the pressure and the
kinetic energy per unit volume
1 2
2
( ) P + v must also be constant throughout the pipe, making (e) the
correct choice.
?
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-#
12. + hose is (oi/)ed s)!aigh) u(7 0i)h 0a)e! ;lo0i/g ;!o4 i) a) a s)eady 3olu4e ;lo0 !a)e a/d
!eachi/g a 4a<i4u4 heigh) o; h2 Neglec)i/g ai! !esis)a/ce7 0hich o; )he ;ollo0i/g adBus)4e/)s
)o )he /oGGle 0ill !esul) i/ )he 0a)e! !eachi/g a heigh) o; 4h>
8a9 *ec!ease )he a!ea o; )he o(e/i/g 5y a ;ac)o! o; 1=2
859 *ec!ease )he a!ea 5y a ;ac)o! o; 82
8c9 *ec!ease )he a!ea 5y a ;ac)o! o; 42
8d9 *ec!ease )he a!ea 5y a ;ac)o! o; 62
8e9 Ii3e u( 5ecause )he 0a)e! ca//o) !each a heigh) o; 4h2
Once the water droplets leave the nozzle, they are projectiles with initial speed 0y i
v v
and having
speed
0
f y
v v
at their maximum altitude, h. From the kinematics equation
2 2
0
2 ( )
y y y
a y + v v
the
maximum height reached is
2
2
i
h g v . Thus, if we want to quadruple the maximum height ( 4 ) h h
we need to double the speed of the water leaving the nozzle
( 2 )
i i
v v
. Using the equation of continuity,
i i
A A v v
, it is seen that if

I = 2i, it is necessary to have

( ) 2
i i i
A A A v v
This says that the
area needs to be decreased by a factor of 2, and the correct choice is (d).
1?2 "he/ 0a)e! ;!eeGes7 i) e<(a/ds a5ou) #200J2 "ha) 0ould 5e )he (!essu!e i/c!ease i/side
you! au)o4o5ile e/gi/e 5loc i; )he 0a)e! i/ i) ;!oGe> .he 5ul 4odulus o; ice is 6200 E 10
#

NF4
6
2
a2 12=5 < 10
7
Pa
52 12=5 < 10
8
Pa
c2 12=5 < 10
5
Pa
d2 12=5 < 10
5
Pa
As a liquid, the water occupied some volume l
V
. As ice, the water would occupy volume 1.090Vl if it were
not compressed and forced to occupy the original volume. Consider the pressure change required to
squeeze ice back into volume l
V
. Then, 0
1.09 and 0.090
l l
V V V V
, so
9 8
2
0
0.090 N
2.00 10 1.65 10 Pa 1600 atm
m 1.09
l
l
V V
P B
V V
_ _ _


,
, ,
14. + s)ai/less-s)eel o!)hodo/)ic 0i!e is a((lied )o a )oo)h7 as i/ ,igu!e P#2=2 .he 0i!e has a/
u/s)!e)ched le/g)h o; ?21 c4 a/d a dia4e)e! o; 0266 442 I; )he 0i!e is s)!e)ched 0210 447
;i/d )he 4ag/i)ude a/d di!ec)io/ o; )he ;o!ce o/ )he )oo)h2 *is!ega!d )he 0id)h o; )he )oo)h
a/d assu4e You/gAs 4odulus ;o! s)ai/less s)eel is 18 E 10
10
Pa2
a2 14 N
52 18 N
c2 66 N
d2 6= N
From
0
( ) Y F L A L
the tension needed to stretch the wire by 0.10 mm is
4
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-#
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
2
0 0
2
10 3 3
2
4
18 10 Pa 0.22 10 m 0.10 10 m
22 N
4 3.1 10 m
Y d L Y A L
F
L L

The tension in the wire exerts a force of magnitude F on the tooth in each direction along the length of the wire
as shown in the above sketch. The resultant force exerted on the tooth has an x-component of
cos 30 cos 30 0
x x
R F F F +
, and a y-component of
sin 30 sin 30 22 N
y y
R F F F F
.
Thus, the resultant force is
ur
22 N directed down the page in the diagram R
.
15. + la!ge 4a/ si)s o/ a ;ou!-legged chai! 0i)h his ;ee) o;; )he ;loo!2 .he co45i/ed 4ass o;
)he 4a/ a/d chai! is #520 g2 I; )he chai! legs a!e ci!cula! a/d ha3e a !adius o; 02500 c4 a)
)he 5o))o47 0ha) (!essu!e does each leg e<e!) o/ )he ;loo!>
a2 62#= < 10
=
Pa
52 ?2#= < 10
=
Pa
c2 624= < 10
=
Pa
d2 621= < 10
=
Pa
We shall assume that each chair leg supports one-fourth of the total weight so the normal force each leg
exerts on the floor is
4 n mg
. The pressure of each leg on the floor is then
( ) ( )
( )
2
6
leg
2 2
2
leg
95.0 kg 9.80 m s
4
2.96 10 Pa
4 0.500 10 m
n mg
P
A r

1=2 + hy(ode!4ic sy!i/ge co/)ai/s a 4edici/e 0i)h )he de/si)y o; 0a)e! 8,ig2 P#24792 .he
5a!!el o; )he sy!i/ge has a c!oss-sec)io/al a!ea o; 6250 E 10
@5
4
6
2 I/ )he a5se/ce o; a ;o!ce o/
)he (lu/ge!7 )he (!essu!e e3e!y0he!e is 1200 a)42 + ;o!ce o; 4ag/i)ude 6200 N is e<e!)ed
o/ )he (lu/ge!7 4ai/g 4edici/e sCui!) ;!o4 )he /eedle2 *e)e!4i/e )he 4edici/eAs ;lo0
s(eed )h!ough )he /eedle2 +ssu4e )he (!essu!e i/ )he /eedle !e4ai/s eCual )o 1200 a)4 a/d
)ha) )he sy!i/ge is ho!iGo/)al2
a2 112= 4Fs
52 162= 4Fs
c2 1?2= 4Fs
d2 142= 4Fs
From Bernoullis equation, choosing at y = 0 the level of the syringe and needle, so the flow speed in the
needle,
1 1 2 2
2 2 1 1
2 2
P P + + v v
is
5
PHYS-1401: College Physics-I CRN 55178 Khalid Buha!i H"-#
( )
1 2
2
2 1
2 P P

+ v v
In this situation,
( )
4
1 2 1 atmo 1
gauge 5 2
1
2.00 N
8.00 10 Pa
2.50 10 m
F
P P P P P
A

Thus, assuming 0,
( )
4
2
3 3
2 8.00 10 Pa
0 12.6 m s
1.00 10 kg m

v
17. $/ $c)o5e! 617 60017 Ia/ +sh(ole o; )he -/i)ed Ki/gdo4 achie3ed a !eco!d al)i)ude o;
?2?5 4 811 000 ;)9 (o0e!ed 5y =00 )oy 5alloo/s ;illed 0i)h heliu42 &ach ;illed 5alloo/ had
a !adius o; a5ou) 0250 4 a/d a/ es)i4a)ed 4ass o; 02?0 g2 &s)i4a)e )he /e) u(0a!d ;o!ce o/
all =00 5alloo/s2
a2 125 N
52 128 N
c2 626 N
d2 627 N
( )
( ) ( ) ( )
3
total single air balloon air
balloon
3
3 2 3
4
(a) 600 600 600
3
4
600 1.29 kg m 9.80 m s 0.50 m 4.0 10 N 4.0 kN
3
B B gV g r

1 _

1
,
]
1

1
]
9.37
(b)
( ) ( )
3 2 3
total total
4.0 10 N 600 0.30 kg 9.8 m s 2.2 10 N 2.2 kN
y
F B m g
=