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Passive Assisted Diffusion (Facilitated Diffusion) Literature Review Diffusion of molecules through plasma membrane of cells would occur

naturally unassisted for molecules which has any of two characteristics, the molecules is a lipid-soluble molecules, thus it will be able to directly go through bilayer structure of plasma membrane or the molecules must be small enough to go through protein channel, for example certain ion and water. Molecules that arent small enough or water-soluble, such as protein, must pass the membrane with different mechanism. Using unique protein called carrier-protein, this mechanism called assisted membrane transport. Carrier proteins are special protein planted in plasma membrane that stretch along the thickness of membrane. These proteins have binding site that normally exposed to extracellularfluid (ECF). Once specific mollecules are bound to its binding site, the protein structure will transform resulting in it having its binding site exposed to intracellularfluid (ICF). The molecule will then be released into ICF and the protein transform back into its previous form. This process can be reversed, from ICF to ECF. This process may be passive by going down the gradient thus require no energy (facilitated diffusion) or going against gradient thus require energy (active transport). Since molecules are more likely to bind with carrier-protein binding site in a high-concentration than in lowconcentration, facilitated difussion requires no energy or ATP because the molecules binding and releasing happen by themselves. For example in glucose transport. Cells regularly use glucose for producing ATP while blood continuously supply fresh supplies of glucose. Therefore the glucose concentration in ICF always lower than concentration in ECF. Glucose will automatically bound into carrier-protein and automatically released once its exposed to ICF since the concentration there is low. The carrier protein will then transform back into its previous form, which expose its binding site to ECF. As a result, facilitated diffusion requires no energy. While diffusion rate at unassisted diffusion has no limit for its only related to its concentration, assisted diffussion has. Since carrier protein has switch between its two forms to transport molecules, one carrier protein can only transport molecules at limited rate. As a result, facilitated diffusion transport rate not only related to the molecules concentration, but also limited by how many carrier protein the membrane has. Another factor that may reduce the molecule transport rate is competition with another similar molecule. Some type of carrier-proteins may bind with more than one type of molecules. It may bind with more than one type of molecules with similar structure. If these molecules present at same place, these molecules will compete at binding with proteins binding-site and resulting in both molecules transport rates.

Material and Method The experiment is done using PhysioEx software version 8.0 which may be freely accessed at http://media.pearsoncmg.com/bc/bc_physioex_8/experiments/index.htm. We ran this experiment using Facilitated Diffusion section of the software designed specially to simulate facilitated diffusion. The steps used are taken from Penuntun Praktikum Fisiologi for Cell and Genetics Module by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia. Membrane used is created with 500 glucose carriers on its surface. The membrane then placed between two tanks and locked. We then put a solution consist of 2 mM of glucose into the left tank to simulate ECF and deionized water in the right tank to simulate ICF. The membrane cover then released so that the fluid will have contact with the membrane and placed again after 60 minutes. Experiment then repeated with using 300, 700, and 900 glucose carrier proteins with same glucose concentration. The experiment was then repeated again using different glucose concentration, 8 mM. In addition, we also try placing same amount of glucose concentration in both tanks. Results

Result Graphic
0.004 0.0035 0.003 0.0025 0.002 0.0015 0.001 0.0005 0 300 CP 500 CP 700 CP 900 CP 0.0005 0.0008 0.001 0.0012 0.0022 0.0023 2 mM 8 mM 0.0031 0.0038

The result shows that the glucose-transport rate goes up as more carrier-proteins are available.

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