1.

Router send Hello Message (Hello Protocol) to Build Neighbor Table Three Table Step Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol for Internet Protocol (IP) networks. It uses a link state routing algorithm and falls into the group of interior routing protocols, operating within a single autonomous system (AS) History RIP: for small network EIGRP: for large network, Cisco device only OSPF: for large network, for any vendor huge network, multi-vendor devices: OSPF is best routing solution The basic concept of link-state routing is that every node constructs a map of the connectivity to the network , in the form of a graph , showing which nodes are connected to which other nodes. Each node then independently calculates the next best logical path from it to every possible destination in the network. The collection of best paths will then form the node's routing table . Distance-vector routing protocols, which work by having each node share its routing table with its neighbors. In a link-state protocol the only information passed between nodes is connectivity related. AD = 110 Classless, VLSM Trigger update and 30 minute period update Multicast update (better than broadcast update) routing information update: LSAs (link-state advertisement), LSA contain LSU - Link-state Update Metric: Cost = 10^8/BWconfig Use Layer 4: OSPF, protocol number 89, not TCP, UDP Must be area 0 Use for small network Seven OSPF Router States OSPF general parameters Link-state vs Distance Vector Why's OSPF ? 2. Only neighbors send LSAs to each other, build Topology Table 3. Router run SFP to calculate best-route, place its in to Routing Table vs Distance Vector, only 1 table: Routing Table What's OSPF ?

Training

3. How does OSPF work ? 1. OSPF Overview

Building Link-State Database Topology Table for neighbors only Down, Init, 2Way, Exstart, Exchange, Loading, Full

Single Area

Use for huge network LSAs processing confined to an area, we have some LSAs types Small routing table (if summarization is used - for areas) Area Types Router Types LSA Types think about Distance Vector: it is FLAT design Multi-Area

Area Design (Hierarchical Model)

Building OSPF Routing Table

Router run SPF to calculate best-route (lowest cost) and pla'ce it in routing table ( coded "O")

OSPF Theory

The number by which the routes is know to OSPF Can set manually using router-id command If router-id is not configure, the highest IP address on the active loopback interface (if not have loopback active, using physical active interface) at the moment of OSPF process startup is selected as a router id Router ID Router Types

Backbone Router: Have at least 1 interface connect to Area 0 Internal Router: like R5, R2, R1 ABR - Area Border Router ASBR

2. OSPF Design

Hello : for Building Neighbor Table DBD : Database Description LSR : Link-state Request, for requesting routing information LSU : Link-state Update, it is contained in LSAs LSAck : Like ACK in TCP, confirm what they received Five Type of Packet

Send to 224.0.0.5 Hello protocol To become a neighbor, two route must have Hello/dead-interval, Area ID, Authentication the same

4. OSPF: Other Information

DR is Router have highest "ospf priority", default = 1, max = 255, if ospf priority = 0 then router is OTHER only "ospf priority" can be set manually using command "ip ospf priority" If 2 router have the same "ospf priority", Router have highest router-id will be DR The second-highest will be BDR OTHER router is only full adjacency (FULL State) with DR, BDR OTHER will be 2Way state with other OTHER OTHER router send LSAs Type 1 to DR and BDR (ip dest = 224.0.0.6) DR send LSA Type 2 to all (ip dest = 224.0.0.5) Electing Design Router (DR) and Backup DR (BDR) in Multi-access network, remain routers named OTHER Multi Access Network (Ethernet) Area Types

Area 0: back-bone Area Others: Normal Area, have to connect to Area 0 Stub Area NSSA

Basic LSAs Types LSA1, 2 within Area LSA3: summary routes of an area, send to other area, run in ABR LSA4: run in ABR, send summary route from ASBR to other area LSA5: send routes from other AS

OSPF Basic Theory-1.mmap - 26/06/2013 - Mindjet