Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
O.P.L. WORKBOOK
(Oral Proficiency Learning)
Acknowledgement
Peace Corps Togo is very pleased to present the first ever Moba local language manual to Peace Corps Togo Trainees and Volunteers. This manual has become a reality due to the meticulous work of many people. The training team expresses its deepest gratitude to the Peace Corps Togo Country Director Rebekah Brown LEE, for supporting and encouraging the materials development in local languages. Her support is tremendous. The team is grateful to Peace Corps Togo Admin Officer, Priscilla Ashamu Sampil and all the Administrative Staff, for their logistical support and for having made funds available for this material development. A genuine appreciation to the language Testing Specialist Mildred RiveraMartinez , to the Training Specialist Rasa Edwards, to Stacy Cummings Technical Training specialist, and to all the training Staff from the center for their advice and assistance. A sincere gratitude to Peace Corps Togo Training Manager Blandine SamaniZozo, for her guidance and lively participation in the manual development. A word of recognition to all Peace Corps Volunteers who worked assiduously with the training team by offering their input. Congratulations to Trainers Cyrille Lamboni DOUBONG, Sarah GOE and the Training Secertary Jean B. KPADENOU who have worked diligently and conscientiously to develop this manual.
To the learner
Congratulations to all of you Peace Corps Trainees and Volunteers for your acceptance to learn a new language. Of course learning a new language is not easy, but with dedication you will make and achieve your goals. This manual is competency based and contains useful expressions related to all training components such as technique, health, safety and security.This will build up your ability to communicate in local language and will bring you closer to the community with which you will work. This capacity will also enable you to know your community better. You will participate effectively and with increased personal satisfaction in the type of cultural and technical exchange that Peace Corps has been advocating for since its creation. Some suggestions for succeeding in this learning process is being receptive and taking risks. Use the new language, analyse it and be methodic. Search for new words with friends, host families or counterparts. The training staff invites you to share your comments in the event that it becomes necessary to revise the material. Any kind of feedback would be most welcomed. Send it to: Peace Corps Togo Training Manager PO Box: 3194 Lom, Togo Have fun and enjoy using this manual
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Table of Contents
Page Acknowledgement To the learner The Moba alphabet Lesson 1: Lesson 2: Lesson 3: Lesson 4: Lesson 5: Lesson 6: Lesson 7: Lesson 8: Lesson 9: Lesson 10: Lesson 11: Lesson 12: Lesson 13: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Greetings -------------------------------------------------------------------Intoduce oneself and someone else ------------------------------------Introduce ones family --------------------------------------------------Buying essential items ---------------------------------------------------Talk about food habits of the host country -------------------------Invite someone, accept or decline an invitation --------------------Talk about daily activities ----------------------------------------------Ask for and give direction and time ---------------------------------Talk about transportation ----------------------------------------------Talk about ones state of health ---------------------------------------Express ones sympathy in a happy or sad event ------------------i ii 1 3 10 17 28 37 46 52 59 68 73 79
Ask for help in an emergency case ------------------------------------- 83 Talk about his/her work ------------------------------------------------Useful expressions --------------------------------------------------------English to Moba glossary -----------------------------------------------87 92 95
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A a
B b
C c
D d
E e
F f
G g
H h
I i
J j
K k
L l
M m
N n
O o
P p
S s
T t
R r
U u
V v
W w
Y y
Some of the sounds do not exist in English. Short vowels are represented by one letter and long vowels are represented by two letters.
Letter
a b c d e f g h i ii k l
Pronunciation (similar sound in English) bat bat chair dog date bet farm go have feel bt
Moba example
bd td b cici dg len pi l ji fdl gign hl pg db kpd tiig
kaki Ldy
kankadl lidl
English translation chief ground father bike country discount white ten potassium lamp drum up to white millet sauce tree hyena shirt
Letter
m n o p s t u u(nasal) uu w y kp gb ny m
Pronunciation (similar sound in English) may no no log price Site towel look
Moba example
mnu na nu kolg bkobug sn b plu sbt tb jg guguod kl wt
yes
English translation sweetness mother broom chicken animal way/path stream strenght Saturday tobacco knife cotton hoe children lion farm belt crocodile moon
Tones The moba language is tonal and uses at least three main tones: High medium Low The tilde ~ is the symbol for a nasal sound.
Lesson 1 Greetings
Objectives: After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Use the specific vocabulary related to greetings to greet people at the different times of the day Use the specific verbs in the present tense Discuss cultural notes related to greeting Ensure their own security through interpersonal relationships Practice greetings in the community while respecting the social and cultural norms
Dialogue Pamela meets Kondjit at the post office around eight in the morning and she greets her. Pamela: Kondjit: Pamela: Kondjit: Pamela:
Cn, dn gm! w dk l mni? Lfi ! Si-yg nny Nf
Greeting is a moral and social obligation that should not be neglected. Its a sign of respect. You greet people first before you talk about anything else. For an elder, a chief or a notableyou bend down or genuflect while greeting You dont snap fingers with elders and women You initiate greeting with elders but not hand shaking. Greeting is not only to ask about peoples state of health but also to show interest in a person or to engage someone in the conversation. A greeting eases your integration and acceptance in the community. Therefore people are ready to help you whenever you have a problem or a safety and security issue.
morning in the morning noon evening in the evening night in the night
madam, old woman mister, old man young lady young man to day tomorrow yesterday whats the date of today? what the date of tomorrow? whats yesterdays date the day of Wednesday
D G Fiil
Expressions
A w d k l mni? y soml-m Cn cn bila Y soml m G tm Tm Gd gu A som lfi Lfi n w d lfi / n w d mnu A be lfi ? Lfi be i? A be Lfi A be lfi N P Jg-p L m Bg/bt L m bt i? g g yb i? g A g A g nib i? B be lfi Tuon Tuon-ni Tuon p Pu aapu a aapuoo ? Lebuol A be lebuol i? k fn i ? ?
did you have a good night? welcome welcome welcome welcome (you plural) come/be back early early/quick go and come safe journey fine I slept well are you fine are you fine are you health do you have a good health? in about what about the evening ok,fine child/children how are the children doing? house/home what about the people of the house? ones house/home your house/home what about the people of your house? they are fine work/office at the work place/at the office what about the office/work wife/woman spouse what about your spouse? there are you there? and you?
Nyig nma ! Won nny dasil nny Exercises 1) How do you greet? From From From From 6:00 am -11:00 am 11:00am -16:00 16:00 -18:00 18:00-
have a good night see you tomorrow see you some day
2) Give the name of the following days and their corresponding name: Wednesday Friday Sunday Tuesday Saturday 3) You take a walk around 4:30 pm; you meet the Director of the secondary school of your site. Greet him appropriately. 4) After the class you meet the Chief of the village at 12:30. Greet him and tell him goodbye. 5) At noon you see a woman near your house. Greet her and say good bye.
Grammar notes
The subject pronouns
Exercises 1) Complete the following dialogue and practice it with your classmate A: ------- w d k l man ii? B: ------A: ------ bit --? B: A: B: A:
--------lfi -------- a ---puo o ?
Laafi
Nfa.
4) Answer the following questions with the correct forms of the verb be= to be
A (be) lfi ? U (be) lfi ? I (be) lfi B (be) lfi ? ?
A w du k l mn i ? A gbnu n i ? Amerika yb i?
Situation Your host father came back from Paris, greet him and ask about his trip.
TDA: Approach a host family member. Greet her/him and respond to the greetings accordingly. Write down all new vocabulary you heard for next class.
Objectives After studying the lesson on introductions, trainees will be able to: 1) Use the vocabulary related to introducing oneself and someone else 2) Ask questions concerning someones identity 3) Use specific verbs of introduction in the present tense 4) Discuss cultural notes related to introduction 5) Introduce oneself to a member of the host family and collect information about him/her
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Dialogue: Rubi, a Peace Corps volunteer introduces herself and her friend Pam to a counterpart. Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Tn-p
A tnt k l mn i ? Lfi. B yi a b ? B yin Kondjit, k fn i ? B yi Rubi. A nyi l ? N nyi Amerik A su b ? N su y Corps de la Paix. Yambot totl-tuosunTuon. N lua-n,b yi ug Pam. U nyi Colorado, Amerik ti-ni. U m tie Corps de la Paix, yambot totl tusun .
Kpondjit: Rubi:
Dialogue in English: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Kondjit: Rubi: Good afternoon; Kondjit Good afternoon. How are you? Im fine.What is your name? My name is Kondjit. And you? My name is Rubi Where do you come from? I come from America. What are you doing? I am a Peace Corps Volunteer. This is my friend, Her name is Pam. She comes from Colorado in America. She is also a Peace Corps volunteer. Good, welcome! See you later.
Kondjit: Rubi:
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Cultural and safety and security notes In general presentation is not automatic; to know someones name you have to ask for it. The first name, when its not a christian name corresponds to the day of the week on which you are born (see table below) For most it is traditional name(either initiation name like Lar,Kombat or theophoric name like Yendoub,Yeendoukoi) A way to show respect is to avoid calling people directly by their name but you precede the name by words like: cba for old men cna for old women Bearing a local name as a stranger is a sign of integration
Days of the week and their corresponding names Days Tani Talafa Larba Lamusa aljuma Sbt Lad English translation Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday Males name Tani Talat Larba Lamusa aljum Sbt Ladi Females name Tani Talat Larba Lamusa aljum Asibi Ladi
American Togolese French English Beninese Ghanaian Togolese people Americans French people English people
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Verbs Expressions
B yin N sn B B yi a b ? Be Nyi S Tie Yi
B yi g b ?
N nyi Colorado L ? A nyi l ? N tie N tie Togoyu Yu Lpo i? A tie lp yu ? Yambot Ttl Tuon Ttl-tuon Ttltusun Yambot-ttl Yambt-ttl-tusun S A su Tu-b Bt Kpl() Kltubig Dkt Mj Cic Midl Dlb (a)
(people) call me/they call me my name is what (how) (how do they call you?) whats your name? (how do they call him?) whats his name? I come from Colorado where ? where do you come from? I am I am Togolese nationality/origin where (origin) ? where are you from? will/to have the choice to help work help work help worker free help/will help volunteer to work you are working (doing) what kind of work chief farmer schoolboy/girl doctor/medical personal Blacksmith teacher teacher driver 13
kpkpdl
3) Use the same words to build a dialogue and practice it with a Moba speaker. 4) You meet someone at nine. Greet him and introduce yourself to him. 5) You are at the buvette and someone comes to you and greets you. Answer the greeting and ask questions to get to know him/her better.
Grammar notes:
1) The plural of words in Moba The plural form of nouns in Moba does not follow the same rule. According to the various classes of nouns, each class has its plural form. the class of liquid ending with m has no plural form: Singular
nyum Kpam Biim
a)
Plural
nyum Kpam biim
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b)
Plural
tidi
Translation Tree/trees
2)
Verbs There is no specific ending that characterizes verbs in Moba. Example: tie to be Im a Togolese you are a togolese she/he is a togolese we are Togolese people you are Togolese people they are Togolese people
I tie togoyab
B tie togoyab
Exercises 1) Answer these questions using the correct form of the verb: -
a (tie) l p yua ?
b (nyi) l? b (tie) b
n / b yi / Tm
ni / Falent / n nyi / ti
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b)
She is an American
c)
He is a Togolese
d)
e)
f)
Situation 1 Your friend Jen pays you a visit. Introduce her to your host family.
Situation 2 The womens association of your post invites you to facilitate a meeting. Introduce yourself to the group
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TDA Go to Mr X/ Mrs X Introduce yourself to him/her and get information about his/her origin, nationality and profession. Come and share the new experiences.
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Ojectives: After studying the lesson on introducing ones family trainees will be able to: 1) Use the vocabulary related to family relationships and the numbers from one to twenty to introduce their family 2) Use the possessive adjectives and the negative structure to introduce their family members 3) Discuss cultural notes related to the family 4) Talk about their own families to members of the community.
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Konla
Kondjit
Manu
Lambon
Tandjom
Bibe
Tibe
Tamil
B yi n Tibe. N b Lambon y n n Manu tie Kpakuola. B be Dapaong. B yi n yaja Konla, n yaya Kondjit. N mg nja yent y niipuo yent: Bibe y Tibe N puol Tandjom be Amerika.
Translation: My name is Tibe. My father Lambon and my mother Manu are farmers.They live in Dapaong. My grand-father is Konla and my grand mother is Kondjit. I have two sisters: Bibe and Tibe. My aunt Tandjom lives in Ameriaa.
Cultural and safety and security notes Polygamy is a reality in the Togolese community Cousins and nieces are considered just like sisters and brothers. Family links and community solidarity are strong Thus, acceptance in your family or in your community are very important
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father mother grandfather grandmother aunt uncle (younger, paternal) uncle (older, paternal) elder brother elder sister grand child daughter in law father in law husband wife boy girl nephew daughter son younger brother younger sister child
Verb mg Expressions
B yi ug N b B yi nb B yi a b A b B yi a b b? N n N n tie
to have
his name is my father my fathers name is your fathers name is your father what is your fathers name? my mother my mother is
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N yj Ci t N yj ci
my mother is a farmer your mother whats your mothers profession? whats yr mothers profession I have I have an elder sister you have how many? how many children do you have my grand father old my grandfather is old
Numbers: ( 0- to 20) 1
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 yent bnle bnta bnna bnmu bnluob bnlele bnni bnwo piig piig y yent piig y bnle piig y bnta piig y bnna piig y bnmu piig y bnluob piig y bnlele piig y bnni piig y bnwo piinle
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Exercises 1) Give the male counterpart of the following female family members:
a) p b) Pl c) N d) Niipukpel e) Yy f) Yi
g) Bipubig h) Bipu
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3) Identity card Name Profession Origin Name: Family Father: Place of residence: Profession:
Grammar notes
1) Possessive adjectives They are attached to nouns and are similar to subject pronouns. Only the context can help make the difference between both. Example
B yi n b Lambon N ybun tie kltbig N yj be g A yulkpel tie cc T pul tie Bombuak yua
my fathers name is Lambon my grandchild is a student my grandfather is at home your elder brother is a teacher our aunt is from Bombuaka
2) Plural of nouns of the family members i. Some of the nouns have mba ending the stem in plural.
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Example
B N Yy Pul Bwl Bkpel Yul Dim bmb nmb yymb pulmb bwlmb bkpelmb yulmb dimmb
fathers mothers grandmothers aunts younger uncles elder uncles elder siblings parents in-law
ii.
iii.
brothers grandfathers
iv.
Words with i before the final consonant lose the final consonant: Example
Bipubig Bijbig bipubi bijbi
girls boys
v.
children
vi.
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Create the negative form you put gthe mark of negation between the verb and the subject. Example Affirmative
N mg big A m g big U m g big T mg big I mg big B mg big
Negative I have a child you have a child He/she has a child we have a child you have a child they have a child
n g mg big a g mg big u g mg big T g mg big I g mg big b g mg big
I don t have a child you dont have a child S/he doent have a child we dont have a child you dont have a child they dont have a child
Exercises 1) Give the possessive form of the following nouns a) Yy (3rd pers pl) b) Spu (1st pers.pl) c) Sl (2nd pers sing) d) Yibig (2nd pers pl) e) Bwl (3rd pers sing) f) N (1st sing)
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---------------------------------------------------------
N g mg -----------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------be yi ug
----------------------------------------------------------------------niipukpl
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
b mg ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5) Ask as many questions as possible with the following statement. Example: n n tie Ghnyu
a n tie l p yua y a n tie Ghanayua y
Suggestions
a) N n tie kpkul
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6) Translate into Moba a) Im not married _____________________________________________________ b) My grandfather has a grandchild ______________________________________________________ c) Her mother lives in Accra. ______________________________________________________ d) Our elder brother is married ______________________________________________________
B tie kpkula i n yj y yy
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Questions:
a) B yi u b b ?
________________________________________________
b) u mg bit b ?
______________________________________________________
c) u jj be l?
_________________________________________________
Situation You meet your counterpart for the first time. Introduce yourself and ask him questions about his family and their profession.
TDA Have a discussion with your host brother, ask questions about his family and present your family to him.
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Objectives: After studying the lesson on buying essential items trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) Count CFA in Moba Name some essential items found at the market Use expressions and verbs related to shopping Discuss the importance of the market and the necessity of bargaining before purchasing things 5) Discuss cultural notes related to the market 6) Develop strategies for their personal security in the market 7) Buy an essential item at market price
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Dialogue Rita goes to the market to buy cloth. Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita:
Du gum. L mn i ? Lfi. Ccen Kobinl-l. L dug p. Blg be. Ad y? Kobg y piinmu y- ?
blg b
N d Kobg y piinni. N lig-li kul nny T lig-li .G ccen Blg bocin
Dialogue in English Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Ladi: Rita: Good morning How are you? Fine, how much is the clothes ? One thousand each. Its too expensive. Reduce the price. How much will you pay ? Seven hundred fifty Increase it. Eight hundred. This is all my money Give me the money. Take your cloth. Thanks a lot.
The market day is not just for trading but is also a great opportunity to meet friends Its necessary to bargain in the market and sometimes in shops. Exchanging things is not automatic, you need to discuss the case with the seller before hand Dont use your left hand in the market Dont bargain early in the market with too much money on you or just after banking Its important to be careful about people who ask for help in the market. When buying food you can ask the seller to add you some as a gift.
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Words and useful expressions CFA in Moba 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 100 105 110 150 155 200 250 300 350 450 500 1 000 4 500 4 995
kug kumunle kumunta kumunna kumunmu kumunluob kumunlele kumunni kumunwo / nyi kumupiig piig y kug piig y kumunle piig y kumunta piig y kumunna piig y kumunmu piig y kumunlele piig y kumunni piig y kumunnwo/nyi piinle piinle y kug piinle y kumunle piinta piinta y kug piinna piinmu piimluob piinlele piinwo/nyi kobg kobinle kobinwo kobinwo y piinwo y kumunwo
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soap chewing stick mirror comb flash light batteries towel sugar milk sponge match bag knife rope razor blade bread shirt oil/cream
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money change a little reduce reduce/ increase give the money take take the money please
Exercises 1) Complete and practice the following dialogue: A: A kud b ? B: N kud-----------------------------A: A kud yi
B: N kud-----------------------------250F A: G----------------------------------
e) They sell the knife f) I buy the comb g) He buys the brush.
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3) Translate the following sentences into Moba a) My mother sells towels b) She sells shirts c) We buy the knife d) I sell the comb e) He buys the mirror
Grammar notes
1) The plural of words i. Nouns with no plural: liquid or masses Example
Cicil Nbiim Cieb Mcit Kpnu Kpm
ii.
plural
kl jugi mi lmmb lid
jujui
nunyani cdi fidtabka tn ppt csuobi
2) The present tense of the verbs kuad and d (to sell/to buy)
i. Kud
N kud nbiim
I sell milk
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A kud nbiim U kud nbiim T kud nbiim I kud nbiim B kud nbiim ii. D N d lidl A d lidl U d lidl T d I d B d
you sell milk he/she sells milk we sell milk you sell milk they sell milk
I buy a shirt you buy a shirt he/she buy a shirt we buy a shirt you buy a shirt they buy a shirt
Exercises: 1) Complete these sentences using the correct form of the verb:
a) d cieb N n --------------------- cieb b) Kud nbiim N pul-------------------nbiim c) D tn T----------------tana
--------------------------A tie-----------
N d---------------
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Suggestions: - Ppug
- cesuobi - lm - n d cdg
5) Translate into Mob a) Give me the change b) We are buying towels c) She sells sponges d) My mother buys the shirt for 200F
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Situation: You want to buy an item, the seller seems to be inflexible regarding the price. Try to talk down the price. TDA Go to the market and observe how sellers and buyers are bargaining. Buy an item. Come report new words and expressions to the class.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) Name some foods in Moba areas Use expressions and verbs related to food preparation in order to talk about meals Discuss cultural points related to food habits Talk about what to eat in order to stay healthy Give a recipe
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Dialogue: Pam would like to know what Tandjom is eating: Pam: Tandjom: Pam: Tandjom: Pam: Tandjom:
Tun-p Lfi. A tuon pI ? Lfi. A d b ? N di sbi y mni kpd. Bl t di ! Blg. Yendu nt tod nf
Dialogue in English: Pam: Tandjom: Pam: Tandjom: Pam: Tandjom: Good afternoon. How are you ? Fine. What about your work? Very good. What are you eating ? I am eating dough with okra sauce. Join me. Thanks! May god help! Amen
Cultural and safety security notes When you eat you invite people near you to share your meal using the expression bal t di but this doesnt mean that they will necessarely eat. The answer to this invitation is balg enjoy your meal or go ahead. When you get that invitation and you feel like eating you do it. The left hand is seen as dirty and is not acceptable at the table when you are eating with other people. You dont smell food in order to appreciate it and you should not step over the meal. Kitchen utensils should not be used for other purpose such as taking shower or hitting someone. Food taboos are specific to families, communities or ethnic groups. The traditional restaurants, street food restaurants or fufu bars serve cheap but good food and the service is quick. However be careful, they are not always clean and healthy. Consequently PCTs and PCVs are not advised to eat salads in those restaurants
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salt hot pepper palm oil oil peanut sesame spinach sorrel leaves of baobab palm nuts dried okra onion local mustard tomatoes meat beef meet goat meet chicken meat fish fried fish yam flour flour of maize flour of millet beans cassava
food paste ragout (stew yam) rice and beans rice boiled beans fried yam pounded yam/ cassava bean doughnut
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Sauces
bean tamale local beer water beer, distilled spirits palm wine local beer local alcohol porridge
Kpd Tiin-kpd Kt- kpd Mkuoni- kpd Mni -kpd Gbom y mni- kpd Gunt y nri kpd Gbom y nri kpd Kolg- kpd Tukl kpd
sauce peanut sauce palm nut sauce dried okra sauce sauce okra sauce spinach and okra sauce sesame + sorrel sauce sesame spinach sauce sauce + chicken meat sauce baobab leaves
Cooking utensils
Tdg Kptdig Kutditu / kutditi Bobl / bob Slb Kppug-lu Kp Sllu
plate plate for sauce spoon / spoons pot/ pots silver ladle cup spatula
to prepare sauce
to prepare dough (of maize)
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to eat dough to eat meat to eat rice to eat yam cassava beans
traditional potatoes
Expressions for asking and giving recipe B ------ kpd nle? B /k----nle? L si Adverbs expressing the succession Ccin L puol-po Jujuog-po Example: b nnt nle?
Ccin: jil nnt, l puol-po nn kmi, ti ylm y nyum. Jujuog-po a.
How to cook meat? First cut the meat, next grind spices and add some water and salt. Finally cook the meat. Exercises 1) Expanding text
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Add at the end what is necessary each time, to make the text longer and longer. Example: N d
N d sb N d sb y mni- kpd N d sb y nani- kpd y nnnt
Suggestions
Skro Nug-cic Klm Pt -Pt
-------------------------------------------------
A bu d mug-li dn ?
Grammar notes:
1) The present tense of some verbs Most of the verbs in Moba do not change their spelling in the present tense i.
kpd N kpd A kpd Sarah kpd T kpd I kpd B kpd
to prepare sauce I prepare sauce you prepare Sarah prepares we prepare you prepare they prepare to prepare dough
ii.
k saab
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I prepare dough you prepare he/she prepares dough we prepare they prepare
iii.
imperative (to pound yam/cassava) (to cut meat) (to grind pepper) (to put salt) (to add oil) (to cook meat )
tuol skro jiel nant nan kami ti yalim pug kpam a nant
pound cut meat grind pepper put salt add oil cook meat
iv.
The negative form of the imperative is formed by putting da before the verb. Example: Affirmative Negative
di saab d di saab
d) N m ________________________________________________________ e) U k -------------------------------------------------
I prepare peanut sauce. how do we prepare peanut sauce? what do you prepare? Do you prepare peanut sauce?
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- I a mug- li
- A g wub koko
-jani
b) A d b ysig nii
c) (Da) juog-po a bu ti b ?
5) Translate into Moba a) My mother cooks rice and beef meat b) We dont drink porridge.
e) I pound cassava.
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Situation Give the recipe of your favorite food TDA Ask your host mother or sister how they prepare a local food. Come and report new vocabulary to the class.
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Objectives After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use specific vocabulary and verbs to invite someone 2) Accept or decline an invitation in a polite way to maintain a good relationships with people, which will support their personal safety and security.
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Dialogue: Duut phones his friend Richard, a Peace Corps Volunteer, and invites him to a traditional dance. Duut: Richard: Duut: Richard: Duut:
Allo Richard Allo, f m ? M Duut. A bu ft bl t sa jogi ? N bo bua paa, ama l bu paat n . N sa Peace Corps bilu ni mla mla-n Lan dasil nny.
Dialogue in English Duut: Richard: Duut: Richard: Duut: Hello Richard Hello,may I know who is speaking ? Its Duut. Would you like to go to the jog dance with me ? I am very interested, but Im sorry I have to go to the Peace Corps office now. I hope we will go next time.
In general, friends or members of the same family visit each other without any previous invitation You are always welcome to share a meal or a drink or to spend time together...even if it was not planned before. You are responsible for your guests food or drink. The guest is not expected to bring anything according to the culture. Its necessary to express your limits during an invitation where people will be offering you food and drink again and again.
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Occasions on which and places where one can invite or can be invited Expressions to invite N bo bu t sa N bo bua m yina dl Expressions to accept an invitation
L N tu N tu k bu sa L n po L n po bocin Kukun
funeral Kukun-ni in the funeral Bml wedding ceremony Bmlni in the wedding Spulbogta/Matna-dn naming ceremony Mlkt initiation ceremony for young men Bkt initiation ceremony for young girls Jog traditional dance Nwl Christmas Nwl dl on Christmas day Bpaan new year Pk easter Jm feast Molajaam/mlotljaam tabasky (muslim feast) Jedibuol restaurant Duubuol bar, buvette
Its fine ok, I accept I accept to go Im interested/it pleases me It pleases me very well
Expressions to decline an invitation N g mg yaag N bua, ama N b k fit gad Im busy/not available I would like to, but I couldnt go 49
1) You want to invite your friends on these occasions. What will you say ?
a) Malkonyn b) Spulu
c) Kukun d) Jog
2) Build a dialogue with the expressions below and practice it with a classmate. - N g mg yaam - spulu
-a su b - n b bua
- a mg yaam ii?
Grammar notes
The conditional tense is used to express politeness, a wish or to soften a demand or an order in Moba.
i. ii. N bo bua m sa boamil N bo bua m y f n sa boamil
I would like to go to a wedding ceremony I would like to go to a wedding ceremony with you
Subject + bo+ bua + pronoun + verb + object The other forms are:
iii. iv. v. A mg yaam g A bu fit g A bogi +verb
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Exercises 1) Invite your counterpart to spend new years day with you. How do you invite: your friend to a Christmas day celebration ? the student you are working with to the jog dance ?
2) Complete this dialogue and practice it with your classmate A: du guam B: Laafi A: A mg yaag t gad danyunuu ? B:-----------------------3) Translate into moba a) We are not free this afternoon b) Im not busy c) I am interested d) I would like to invite you to the naming ceremony
e) I could not go
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Situation Invite your counterpart for lunch at the restaurant snube TDA Go to a member of your host family and ask him how he/she expresses his/her refusal when he/she is invited. Come and share the information and any new expressions with the class.
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Objectives After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1) Name different daily activities 2) Use the appropriate vocabulary and the present habitual to talk about daily activities in their community 3) Discuss cultural notes and safety and security issues related to the competence 4) Talk about their daily activities in the community for their good integration.
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siaug-ni. U t yibl, g wl
g li tid. L puol-po u tuu sa kalatu. U g kpent aag ysiig-ni dajuog-po. U fuot, g di, g bob won kalatu po g gben, u tuu duani .
Text in English Kombat is a teacher at the school EFRATO. He wakes up early in the morning. He washes his face, takes his bath and gets dressed. After this, he leaves for school. He doesnt return home in the afternoon. He comes back late in the evening. After resting, eating and preparing the next class, he goes to bed.
In the morning people generally wash their face before they greet or start their activities Activities are shared according to gender and age In general women take care of household chores Its better to wear appropriate shoes to go to farm.
Words and useful expressions Places where someone can go for an activity
Bilu Dg Cl Kalat Diog Kpaab B
the office the market the well the school the room the farm the river
Verbs
Wl Tg Cd Wn Luu Du gu
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Sa
to go
Expressions
N wl N l nym N s tuon U kp ni Kombat sa tuon Lar tg ccan Duut tg diog Tndjom cd tid Paul tie jied Rubi wuni tid A kuad bona N ybi T so mu g tie jied N g d saug- jied
I take my bath I fetch water I go to work he is grazing cows Kombat is going to work Lar is sweeping the compound Duut is sweeping the room Tandjom is doing the dishes Paul is cooking the meal Rubi is washing clothes (laundry) you are selling things I wash my face we light fire to cook I dont take breakfast
Expressions of time:
Yog y yog Mlan Tani dal kul
Yi / Tom
Dl-kl
Siaug kl
Dajuog kul Nyig kul Yog kul
L wei
every day every morning every evening every night always a long time ago
Other expressions
A t su b siaug-ni i ? A t su b ysiig-ni i ? A t su b dajuog-po i ?
what do you do in the morning ? what do you do in the afternoon ? what do you do in the evening ?
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Exercises 1) Give the activities related to these periods of time Siaug ni (In the morning)
Dajuog-po Nyiog
(at night)
2) Write a dialogue with these expressions and practice it with your classmate
-Yog y yog - a tie b -tuon-ni -n saa
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Grammar notes
The present tense and the expression of habit are very important
i. n tig cicam siaug-ni dal kul
N
(I
tig
sweep
ii.
N tuu fl
siaug-kul yi
fl early
yi.
siaug-kul n tuu fl
(Every morning I wake up early) The expression of time can be placed before the subject.
Jab--------------------------------------------c) Kpa ni
- yog-kul
Puob--------------------------------------------
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e) a dm
- dag dal
b)
Yi
c)
d)
Situation 1) Your counterpart would like to know what you do when you wake up. 2) Tell your host brother or sister your typical day in USA
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TDA Ask these members of your Togolese family what they do in the course of a day and report back to the class: Father, mother, sisters, brothers, servants
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Objectives After studying this lesson, trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) Use appropriate vocabulary to ask and give directions Use the imperative form and prepositions to ask for and give directions Discuss cultural notes and safety and security issues related to orientation Give and follow directions in the communit
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Dialogue: Martin would like to go to the post office. Lar shows her the way. Martin: Lar: Martin:
Lar:
Cb, tun-po
Laafi. A sa l ? N sa poot g y g b l buol: N balm a , a bu fit g wan n snu u ? Tg snu-n gi s suson. A gi som wam a bu l fieli Ble a ga-po. L tol y poot i. Balg bcin
Martin: Lar:
Si yog nny.
Dialogue in English Martin: Lar: Martin: Lar: Martin: Lar: Good afternoon! Good afternoon, where are you going? I am going to the post office, but I dont know where it is. Will you please can you show me the way? Go straight ahead. After a little walk, you will see a store ble on your left; the post office is in front of the store. Thanks a lot! See you later.
In general, indications about the distance are not precise Sometimes with illiterate people, time is related to the activities of the day (like children going to school, Muslim Morning Prayer)to the position of the sun in the sky Some people will come late to meetings People would prefer to lead you to a place themselves or they will have a child accompany you. Keep asking for directions until you arrive at your destination.
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the market
the bank
the shop the hospital the school bus/taxi station soccer/football stadium restaurant bar the way, the path bridge paved road railway station railway intersection office on the table
Verbs
Wn Sa Jub Som Pt Got Lebt Set Ggt
to show to go to take to walk to cross to look to return to stop to turn (right or left)
at the chiefs near the bank behind the school in the market to go straight on the left
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ga-po
Tab y /Kb y
on the right turn left near/ next to it s far its not far
after
its/time is its 6:30 am Its 17 past 5 pm its 12 to 1 oclock Its 7 oclock Im late my watch is fast at which time are we ending ? at which time are we going to meet ? to waste time to be late to be on time
Exercises 1) Make sentences with these words -Daag-ni - lolagark Example: Martin be daag-ni. Suggested verbs: sa, be
-kudolk -jedibuol
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Grammar notes
i. Prepositions related to directions The preposition is placed after the noun and attached to the noun and the pronoun. Example: Martin y kb Jant-diog Martin is closed to the church
Pam kpi y Jant-diog Pam is next to the church
Pam is in the room Pam lives next to the homolgue Martins house is near the bridge
kpi
kb
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on Between/in the middle under above In front of behind In front of On the left
The clock is on the table Mango be Dapaong y Kant sisiig-ni: (Mango is between Dapaong and Kant) Kolg sie tabl ti-po: The chicken is under the table Kolg yug tabl paa-po: The chicken flies above the table Pam aa tol fieli: Pams house is in front of the store Sarah be n puol-po: Sarah is behind me Sarah kal Kossi nu po: Sarah is sitting in front of Kossi Kossi aag be ga po Adidogome snu po: (kossis house is on the left side of the road to Adidogome) AGIP be Jtu-po Agoe snu-po: AGIP is on the right side on the road to Agoe Dapaon pan tie pan suson: The road to Dapaong is straight Kossi nyi Limi g sa hal Dapaon: Kossi comes from Lome and he is going up to Dapaong
ii.
b) Bilu be l ?
Bilu
c) I s l ? T sa d) Martin di jied l ?
Martin
e) Bit s l ? B
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2) Give directions using the verbs in imperative: Example: -Wan n Pam aag show me the house of Pam Pt pan , gt a ga po, Pam aag kpi y kudolk Suggestions Places:
Kalatu diog buol Sarah aag-po Bt aag Daag-ni
Verbs: - lebt - Pt - Sa
3) What time is it ? a) 8:00 b) 11:00 c) 4:30 p.m d) 6:20 a.m e) 1:13 a.m
4) Give directions based on the map below: from one place to another: From:
lolkuabuol to poot dktaaag to ba danyubuol to balpuabuol udaag-ni to jedibuol
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b) My watch is fast
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Situation Your counterpart would like to pay you a visit. Give him directions to get to your house. TDA Go to any member of your host family. Ask him/her to give you directions from your house to any place of your choice. Learn some new expressions.
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After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Use the present progressive, interrogative words and the future tense 2) Ask questions about the cost, travel time and destination in order to travel independently 3) Discuss travel conditions and strategies to travel safely
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Dialogue: Michael would like to travel to Kara. He goes to the taxi station to find a taxibrousse and discuss the conditions of traveling. Michael: Lankom: Michael: Lankom: Michael: Lankom: Michael: Du guam L manii Laafi. Lokuati tie ya n y Kara a ?
Kobinle y piini. Pug piinluob a kul po.
Dialogue in English: Michael: Good morning. Driver: Good morning. How are you ? Michael: Fine. What is the transportation fare from here to Atakpame ? Driver: 1200F. Add 200F for the bag Michael: When are we leaving ? Driver: Right now. There is one place left. Michael: Thank you very much !
Cultural and safety and security notes Travelers need to be patient enough because drivers will try to have as many passengers as possible before they depart, and they are often overload. In some remote villages, you can be waiting the whole day, or vehicles are available only on market days. Its impotant to have your valuables on you, not packed in your bags. You should check your luggage whenever a passenger is getting off along the trip.
Means of transportation
Ciecie
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Verbs
atu
Taam Tapalol/biyutug
Dolb
Kua Pa S Jag
to enter (a vehicle) to pay to stop (a vehicle) to sit (on the bicycle, horse) to walk to drive to break down to finish to take to wear (helmet)
Useful expressions
Jag ciecie Jag pepebl Kua lol Som tati Takti gark Lokuati Biyugtug babuol Ketigsetbuol atugsetbuol Dad bilk St gben Sa snu Ji jiga A tie nle sa a dog-po i ?
to go by bicycle to go by motorbike to enter/take the vehicle to go on foot taxi-station transportation fare airport railway station port to break down to run out of gas to travel to take the luggage what mode of transportation Do you take if you go to what mode of transportation Do you take if you go to L.A I take I take the train how do you get to ? to wear the helmet
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d) Bad- aag e) Bassar 2) Draw a word Start drawing a mode of transportation and let others guess what it is Grammar notes
i. Interrogative pronouns The interrogative pronouns are expressed in Moba as following
Singular -Lan
-La
-Lan
Examples: Sing
* Lo-lan n sa Dapao I ? * Bi-la n kal lol niI ? * Dlb-lan n magd lol-n ?
Which vehicle is going to Dapaong ? which child is sitting in the vehicle ? which driver is driving this vehicle ?
Plural
* Lo lana nsa Dapao I ? * Bi-lani nkal lol ni I ?
which vehicles are going to Dapaong ? which children are sitting in the vehicle ?
which drivers are driving these vehicles ?
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Example: * Nyu-lamI ? * daa-lami ? * nabi-lam i ? * kpa-lam i ? which water ? which drink ? which milk ? which oil ?
Exercises Translate into Moba a) My elder sister travels b) The transportation fare c) We go to Accra by plane d) The teacher takes the taxi to the airport
Situation You would like to go to Dapaong. Go to the station. Inquire about the conditions of traveling.
TDA Go to a driver in your village. Ask him questions about the conditions of traveling from your post to the place of your choice. Learn some new expressions.
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Objectives After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) 2) 3) 4) Name different parts of the human body Talk about their state of health or or ask for someone elses state of health Use the direct complement personal pronouns Discuss Togolese ideas and behavior regarding sickness
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Dialogue Last night Tandjom did not sleep well because of a stomach ache. She decided to go to the hospital Katie: Dkta: Tandjom: Dkta: Tandjom: Dkta:
Tandjom:
Du guam
Tandjom,a w dua k l manii,
Dialogue in English Tandjom: Doctor: Tandjom: Doctor: Tandjom: Doctor: Tandjom: Good morning Doctor Good morning. What is wrong with you ? Since yesterday, Im not feeling well. I have stomach ache. I also have diarrhea What did you eat ? I ate beans and fried yams Do not worry; the pain is going to end now. I will examine you and give you some medicine. Fine.
People are not direct in saying whats wrong. They will first say everything is ok before they mention any sickness or sad new. Sickness is seen like a punishment from God or ancestors or caused by sorcery. People will not necessarily go to the hospital or to a health center when they are sick, but they may try different treatement by themselves with medicine or traditional practices. People believe a lot in traditional healers.
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Nubin
Mb
head hair eye eyes nose mouth tooth/teeth ear/ears arm hand intestines leg/legs finger/fingers foot/feet toe neck chest
Verbs
Gbanto
Ncuutig Yugbaug
Bin
Bkukula Nuag
disease (s) cough cold fever diarrhea headache small pox dysentery stomach ache
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Expressions
N yul yil N nuag yil N nubina yil L n yil a ni B n mg a ni Macil ndi n/wat mg n Kooni mg N cuut L suagdI ? L suagdapoI ? A paagI ? Paag Yendu bu p laafi
Aba-ba/sugl
Daa yilu n mt T Nag nygu
I have a headache I have a stomach ache my eyes hurt what hurts ? what hurts/whats wrong with you ? Im cold Im coughing I have diarrhea is it getting better ? are you getting better ? are you healed ? to be healed May God bring a good health sorry let the sickness not get worse
ok/I agree
Sa dkta
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Exercises 1) Point out body parts you studied and give their name to the class 2) Write a dialogue using tese expressions:
- b n mg a ni ? - t - da a yilu n m t - n gbanuni g dagd - L manii ?
Grammar notes
The use of the indirect object Example:
N nuag yil
Exercises Translate into Moba a) She is sick b) They go to the hospital c) Your elder brother has a headache d) What is wrong with your arm? e) Are you getting better? f) They have a cold g) We are cold h) You are not feeling well.
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Situation Your neighbours wife is sick, greet her and ask questions to know what is wrong with her. TDA Your host mother has diarrhea, use appropriate expressions to sympathize with her.
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Objectives After studying this lesson trainees will be able to: 1) Talk about the culturally accepted behavior during a happy or sad event 2) Use correct words and expressions to converse during those events
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Dialogue Jocelyns younger host sister has given birth. She pays her visit and expresses her feelings Jocelyn: Sister: Jocelyn: Sister : Jocelyn: Sister: Jocelyn:
Sister: L tie nle ? Manu kua . N gbat k a w la a kua won. Balg y yuman ! Yendu y i cab A bal y b?
Bjag. U san ntie Bman. L tie npo paman bcin. Ga n g da cieb (2500F)
Ydu bu ta g toda ! Nfa, balg bcin !
Dialogue in English Jocelyn: Sister: Jocelyn: Sister: Jocelyn: Sister: Jocelyn: Sister: How are you ? Very well I heard that you gave birth yesterday. Congratulations ! Thank you. Is it a boy or a girl ? A male, his name is Godwin. Take this for the soap (2500) Im very happy. Take this for the soap (2500) May God help you ! Thanks a lot !
Cultural and safety and security notes Its very important to express ones sympathy to a friend, a collegue or your neighbor during a sad event (sickness, accident, death) by visiting or making a symbolic gift of money, food or anything else depending on your relationship You do the same for happy events and you congratulate. Failing to give moral support (especially to pay a simple visit) would make people think you have no regard toward people or that you are not interested in the community in which you are living.
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Yendu nyuwulu
to give birth to baptize to marry a woman to marry a man to die to steal to succeed
congratulations (youre lucky) congratulations (you plural) congratulatuons to him/her to give birth I am (very) happy
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Im (very) sorry
sorry
Your brother got married Your host father has just lost his mother Your friend passed his exams Your aunt had her first baby.
2) Translate into Moba a) I lost my father b) Congratulations c) She got married d) My condolences e) You have succeeded f) You have been promoted Situation The head masters wife at the school where youre working has just given birth. She meets you and announces the event to you. Express your feelings to her. TDA Go see your counterpart, ask him questions about what he does when events occur in the country. Share the expressions with the class.
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Objectives After studying this lesson trainees wil be able to 1) Use appropriate words and expressions to ask for help in emergency case. 2) Use object pronouns 3) Discuss the safty and secutity support system in their community.
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Dialogue There is a snake in Johns room.He screams and asks for helpThe neighbors rescue him. John: Neighbors: John: Neighbors: John:
Waaug-yeeee, waaug yeeee ! U be l, u be l, u be l? U be n diog-ni, u tab dekpin Da gba, t bu kpi ug. L g pa. Balg-m y told.
Dialogue in English John: Neighbors: John: Neighbors: John: Snake, snake, help me ! Where is it ? Its in my room, against the wall. Dont worry; we are going to kill it. Thanks for your help.
Cultural and safety and security notes Solidarity between people in the community is very strong, so you just call out if you need others help In big cities, people are more individualistic and less likely to help in an emergency.
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snake the snake has bitten me people are beating me fire somebody is drowning thief the dog is biting me
Yeee (interjection)
To ask for help Tod Fad/gaal To help B n tiena ni ? N bu fit g toda nii ? Aai What is wrong with you? Can I help you? yes no, it is ok to help to save
Exercises 1) Make sentences using these words: Waaug, junu, nyum, nayig bog. 2) Which words or expressions would you use in these situations a) someone touched your butto
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c) you are very ill, and you want the help of your neighbor
f) A crazy man is harassing you _____________________________ _______________________________________________________ 3) Translate into Moba a) Can you help me b) Help them c) They help me d) Its ok e) Her father helps me f) What can I do
Situation When coming back from the market at 6:30 p.m, you see a group of people.They attempt to attack you and they steal what you bought. What would you do ?. TDA Go to your host brother/sister. Ask him/her questions to know what she would do in case of a dog attack. Come and report to the class.
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Objectives: After studying this lesson trainees will be able to 1) Use appropriate vocabulary and the conditional tense to talk about his/her job in the community 2) Discuss the importance of foreign help (especially American help) in moba communities 88
Dialogue Acha a CHAP volunteer in Dapaong met theDirector of the hospital and explained to him the reason why she is there. Major: Acha:
Major: Y soml. Nfaa! A w dua k l manii ? Laafi. B yia b ? B yin Acha. N nyi Colorado AmeriKa dogni. A su b Dapao-n ?. B yi n tuon tuon CHAP lanika:sant communautaire et prevention du SIDA. N bu su tuon y doktamba, y binamba L . Yamboat todl tuosuna kul tie lan ? Aai! Cag-la be. L tie n po paman g t bu ta g su tuon. Balg bcin.
Acha:
Dialogue in English Major: Acha: Major: Acha: Major: Acha: Major: Acha: Major: Acha: Welcome. Thank you! Good morning (how are you ?) Im very fine.Whats your name, please? My name is Acha. I am from Colorado in America. What kind of work are you going to do here in Dapaong ? Im a CHAP volunteer. (Community health and AID prevention) I will work with health workers and mothers. Good. Are all Peace Corps volunteers doing the same thing ? No, there are other programs. Im happy that I am going to collaborate with you. Thanks a lot.
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Americans are well regarded in the community and everybody would like to befriend or to collaborate with them Some people think Americans are rich and powerful and have solutions to any situation.
to teach to gather place of meeting to advise Ill work in the GEE program I work with students Ill gather girls to talk about abortion.
Dktaaag
Dkta Nygu Te cegli Bit bignu Got bit ni
Sgd Du juudiog-ni
hospital doctor/nurse medicine to advise baby weighing hygiene to take care of children
to sleep under the mosquito net
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AIDS
Taag Sig Fal Ti-bina Muat Daad Tod Kolg/koli Piog Naab SED: kpenkpta y yab luot tuon bit-bit cagl Fieli Lig-li
Ttanu/Mtaug Puob- ttanu
farmers tree fertilizer,compost,pit to show (maize, beans) to plant cooking stove farm fertilizer use rain rainy season dry season seed (for all kinds of trees) grass wood to help chicken/chickens sheep cow
Bil lig-li Ba
Kad D
Pa
shop money groupement groupement de femmes to save money bank to sell to buy to pay
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Grammar notes
The future tense
Subject+ bu + verb + object N bu wu tiig Exercises Translate into moba a) Ill work with farmers b) You will teach in the college c) The parents have a meeting d) The Peace Corps volunteer will work well e) Im happy that I will collaborate with you f) She is living in Babade Ill plant a tree
Situation You meet women at your post for the first time. Explain to them the main activities you are going to do together. TDA Go to the chief of your village introduce yourself and explain your program
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Useful expressions
please/excuse me
slowly say it slowly say it agan
what does it mean? what doesmean? I dont understand it I cant hear you Its too fast
say it slowly again so that I can understand it
T n gbad Mnii?
Mni N g b
you said what? what? its not a problem its doesnt matter? do you understand? Yes,I do No. I dont did you hear that? ok, yes I heard it. Is it true? its true. I dont know.
2) To express needs
Nnyunyuglu mgn N bua/bu nyu kom mgn N bu/bua di N cg N bua fuot N bua fuot wam N bua du N bua sa nyalm/wul Wlu mgn
Im thirsty I will/want to drink I will/ I want to eat Im tired I want to relax I want to relax a little Im going to bed I want to use the latrine/bathroom I m hot
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come back early have a good day lets eat come lets eat see you tomorrow
4) On travel
N gad snu g gu Som manu u I som manu u A gu tom A gu y boana L po yab i?
bye bye
your dress is very nice you look nice I like your dress I like it. I like the cloth
6) At work
T A tuon poi? T gba Tuon pa paa
7) The weather
Wlu be Wlu be paa Wat be paa w/faalu w da/faalu pua Tag ba Nyum
L nyili
Taag bu ba L bon
its hot its very hot its very cold wind its windy its raining the weather is clear its shining
it will rain its dark
the feast was very good good feast good feast to you
its means that its good that its necessary for me that Its important to
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mil sugl
dgd kpkpaug yil-ni punt y bual
g /b kl
bal
kdu
96
bank barber basket bathroom battery beat beautiful become because bed bedroom beer begin believe belt between big bird bite black blood blue boat book bottle boy bridge bring bureau but buy C call canoe
car (auto)
ba yukuog kpcubg nyuwuldiog tablat-tana pua t kalma gado detuatug bil cl gaal gban sisig-ni yab nua ju b sm blu atu kadaug kpalbil bjag kudolg bal yen biru ama da
97
chair change chat chief choose church cigarette city classroom clean close cloth clothes coconut come comic complain console continue corn cost cry cut
D
kog suson lebt pag ppaug bad gan jat-diog cigaal dog kalatudo sg lu ccen tid kpaakpa bal L mg laat fab s pal/nyi pal tie g I sa kpabda daug yg cua
dance dark daughter day dead deep difficult disease dish distribute do doctor dog door dry dream
sig bbon bpuo dal kuu nyua pa yilu tiog biit ti dokta bg gan ku daigd
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drug duty E each ear early earth east effort egg empty encourage end enemy evening everybody everything everywhere except extra eye
F
nygu tuon
sua kul/yua kul/yal kul tubl tom ti puolpo yablu jen ya pa juog ja y ja dajuog nil kuol bon kul nabuol kul l nya ma/pug nubbin
face
fall
famous far farm farmer fast(rapid) festival few fire first flower food force foreigner
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game gas station garden gate gather gift girl give god government green
ground groundnut grow guest guide H
habit hair half hand handsome happen happiness hard health healthy hear heart heavy height high
tiog
yut bgt nu
100
mlim li tie
totoni-totoni
/bmn boyuyug /m yi dina kd
tuon ti
mlm juog
101
late laugh law lead leader learn leave leg length lie life listen little long look lose luck(good)
M
bil puol
l yiko kpa sliig ba yt tl fgd f-faug mil c wm fg god bu yuman
malaria male manioc manner many maybe meaning mechanic medicine meeting merchant miracle mirror month moon mosquito mountain mouth
yugbug bjag bance btitiog bocin bi niimni fit nyg ttan bit jilma/plg nunyua mb mlig juu jul mlig
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near nearly necessary neck need neighbor never new night noise none noon north nose nothing now
O
kob/tb ma l si tul bu kkukpig /kkuyuag b/da b pa/bpn nyig fuug fd pu ysiig y mil yn mln
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peace period permit people perhabs person piece pillow piss place plant plate pleasure policeman poor post office pot power praise prefer pregnant prepare president pretty prevent priest profit progrees promise prove punishment purpose
Q
laafi yg cab/te son niib b nl diog yukpktl nyn buol/yil w tdig kpkpamug pilg tlg puot bbl pl dt lgd pm/tpml ti jied/bb dogda lgd fd nyut lg sn pu s y mun tbdat po
puobd buli yi m
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rain raise reach ready receive red respect rest return rope rubber run
S
sack salary say seat see separate share short show sick side since sit slow small south speak swim
T
kl pug md kl l paad/yt bgd/biit j w yil kpi /po hl kl suo bbig ymbu maad dug nym
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thank there third throw tooth travel tree U until university V vaccinate
vaccination
volunteer W wait wake up walk warn wash water welcome well wide wind window with work write
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nug m y dt wn mb w gl d
yym yn
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