GENERAL CERTIFICATE OF SECONDARY EDUCATION A322/02

TWENTY FIRST CENTURY SCIENCE

CHEMISTRY A
Unit 2 Modules C4 C5 C6 (Higher Tier)
WEDNESDAY 18 JUNE 2008 Afternoon
Time: 40 minutes
Candidates answer on the question paper.
Additional materials (enclosed):
None
Calculators may be used.
Additional materials: Pencil
Ruler (cm/mm)
H
*
C
U
P
/
T
4
4
8
3
7
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This document consists of 17 printed pages and 3 blank pages.
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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Write your name in capital letters, your Centre Number and Candidate Number in the boxes above.
Use blue or black ink. Pencil may be used for graphs and diagrams only.
Read each question carefully and make sure that you know what you have to do before starting your
answer.
Answer all the questions.
Do not write in the bar codes.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES
The number of marks for each question is given in brackets [ ] at the end
of each question or part question.
The total number of marks for this paper is 42.
The Periodic Table is printed on the back page.
FOR EXAMINERS USE
Qu. Max. Mark
1 2
2 9
3 9
4 2
5 3
6 3
7 5
8 3
9 6
TOTAL 42
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Answer all the questions.
1 Bobby reads that helium was discovered on the Sun in 1868. Thirty years later it was found on
Earth. He asks his friends why helium was discovered on the Sun first.
Delia
There is much more
helium on the Sun than
on the Earth.
Brendan
It took thirty years for the
helium to get from the
Sun to the Earth.
Carol
In 1868, new ways of
examining the light from
the Sun had just been
developed.
Elton
Elements on the Sun
are not the same as
on the Earth.
Antoine
It is a man-made element,
so none existed in 1868.
Which two people give the best answers?
............................................... and ...............................................[2]
[Total: 2]
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2 Many chemicals form ionic crystals.
(a) Mary asks her friends to describe what happens when ionic crystals melt.
Craig
Ions melt.
Brenda
Ions are there all the time.
Arnold
Ions form.
Daniel
Ions start to move freely.
Which two people are correct?
............................................... and ...............................................[2]
(b) Magnesium chloride is made of Mg
2+
ions and Cl

ions.
Put a ring around the formula of magnesium chloride.
MgCl Mg
2
Cl MgCl
2
Mg
2
Cl
2
[1]
(c) Lithium nitride is made of Li
+
ions and N
3
ions.
Put a ring around the formula of lithium nitride.
LiN
3
Li
3
N
3
Li
3
N LiNO
3
[1]
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(d) Sodium chloride forms ionic crystals.
(i) Here are some statements about crystals of sodium chloride.
Write T in the box next to each true statement and F in the box next to each false one.
T (true)
or
F (false)
Each crystal contains many molecules of NaCl.
The bonds between the particles are strong.
The bonds are all on the outside of the crystal.
There is a very large number of bonds.
The particles in the crystal are held together
by attraction between opposite charges.
The particles are arranged in a regular way.
[3]
(ii) Put ticks () in the boxes next to the two statements which explain why sodium chloride
has a high melting point.
Each crystal contains many molecules of NaCl.
The bonds between the particles are strong.
The bonds are all on the outside of the crystal.
There is a very large number of bonds.
The particles are arranged in a regular way.
[2]
[Total: 9]
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3 Here is an outline of the Periodic Table.
1
2
3 4
(a) Which arrow or arrows show increasing numbers of electrons?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer.
arrow 1 only
arrow 2 only
arrow 3 only
arrow 4 only
arrows 1 & 4 only
arrows 2 & 3 only
arrows 1 & 3 only
arrows 2 & 4 only
[1]
(b) Which arrow or arrows show electrons filling within a shell?
Put a tick () in the box next to the correct answer.
arrow 1 only
arrow 2 only
arrow 3 only
arrow 4 only
arrows 1 & 4 only
arrows 2 & 3 only
arrows 1 & 3 only
arrows 2 & 4 only
[1]
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(c) Here are the names of four elements in the Periodic Table.
bromine iodine potassium lithium
Choose from these names to answer the following questions.
(i) Which of these elements
exist as diatomic molecules?
answer .......................................... and ..........................................
react with water to make hydrogen gas?
answer .......................................... and ..........................................
has a melting point below room temperature?
answer .......................................................................................[3]
(ii) Which two of these elements will react together most violently?
................................................................and ................................................................[1]
(d) The table shows information about some different pure chemicals.
Put ticks () in the correct boxes to show the type of bonding in each chemical.
chemical melting
point
in C
conducts
electricity
when
solid
conducts
electricity
when
melted
covalent ionic metallic
A 219 no no
B 39 yes yes
C 37 no no
D 119 no no
E 804 no yes
F 1539 yes yes
[3]
[Total: 9]
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4 The diagrams show the electronic structure and the number of protons in the nucleus for each of
three types of particle.
X
X
A
9
+ X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
B
10
+ X
X
X
X
X X
X X
X
X
C
11
+ X
X
X
X
X X
X X
Which letter, A, B or C, shows the structure of
an atom?
answer .............................................
the ion of a Group 7 element?
answer .............................................
the ion of a Group 1 element?
answer .........................................[2]
[Total: 2]
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5 Chemicals used in medicines are produced to high levels of purity.
Put ticks () in the three boxes which show why.
Impurities might have side effects.
Manufacturers can charge more for pure chemicals.
That way the dose is the same every time.
Each medicine is designed to do one job only.
Otherwise it would be impossible to test new medicines properly.
All substances work better if they are as pure as possible.
Tablets can be made smaller if the chemicals are purer.
[3]
[Total: 3]
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6 Jenny is learning about gases.
(a) She asks her friends why air is a gas.
Dave
It is part of the
carbon cycle.
Carl
Its molecules have only
weak forces between
them.
Ben
It is produced
by volcanoes.
Eve
It is invisible.
Amy
It is made
of elements.
Who has suggested the best reason?
answer ..........................................[1]
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(b) The equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas is:
2H
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2H
2
O(l)
(i) How much hydrogen will react with 8 g of oxygen gas?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
(relative atomic mass: H = 1, O = 16)
1 g 4 g 18 g 36 g
[1]
(ii) How much water will be formed when 6 g of hydrogen react?
Put a ring around the correct answer.
18 g 36 g 48 g 54 g
[1]
[Total: 3]
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7 Metals can be extracted from their ores in different ways.
(a) When iron is extracted from iron ore, only five of these stages are used.
They are in the wrong order.
A Crush the ore.
B Dig the ore out of the ground.
C Electrolyse melted iron oxide.
D Heat iron oxide with carbon.
E Pour the molten iron into moulds to harden.
F Separate the mineral from the rest of the rock.
Put the five stages used for the extraction of iron into the correct order.
first last
stage stage
[2]
(b) Aluminium is produced by the electrolysis of aluminium oxide.
B
+
C
A
D
(i) Put a ring around the letter, A, B, C or D, which shows the electrode where the
aluminium metal is formed.
A B C D
[1]
(ii) Put a ring around the equation which shows how aluminium ions are turned into
aluminium atoms.
Al
+
+ e

Al
Al
3+
+ 3e

Al
Al
+
e

Al
Al
3+
3e

Al
[1]
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(iii) Draw an arrow on the diagram below to show the direction of movement of the oxide
ion.
+
O
2-
[1]
[Total: 5]
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8 Bobby reacts solutions of two chemicals.
He measures the rate of the reaction and how much product is made.
(a) Bobby asks his friends what rate of reaction means.
Bertram
It is how far down an
element is in the
Periodic Table.
Caroline
It is the amount of energy
given out during the
reaction.
Adrian
It is the total amount
of chemical that reacts.
Denise
It is the amount of chemical
that reacts each second.
Who is correct?
answer .........................................[1]
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(b) Bobby repeats the experiment.
He uses the same volumes of solution but doubles the concentration of each chemical.
Here are some statements about the particle collisions in the new reaction and about the
change that Bobby observes.
Draw one straight line from the correct collision statement about the new reaction to the
change that Bobby observes.
collision statement
(choose one only)
change
(choose one only)
There are more particle collisions every
second.
The number of reacting collisions during the
whole reaction stays the same.
The rate increases.
The amount of
product increases.
There are more particle collisions every
second.
The number of reacting collisions during the
whole reaction increases.
The rate increases.
The amount of
product stays the
same.
Particles move faster and collide harder.
The number of reacting collisions during the
whole reaction increases.
The rate does not
increase.
The amount of
product increases.
Particles move faster and collide harder.
The number of reacting collisions during the
whole reaction stays the same.
The rate does not
increase.
The amount of
product stays the
same.
[2]
[Total: 3]
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9 (a) Naomi reacts sulfuric acid with sodium hydroxide.
Complete the equation for this reaction.
H
2
SO
4
+ NaOH Na
2
SO
4
+ H
2
O [2]
(b) When hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide, which pair of ions react?
A H
+
and Cl

B H
+
and OH

C H
+
and H
+
D Na
+
and OH

answer ..........................................[1]
(c) Naomi measures the pH as she adds one reactant to the other.
E D
C
B A
amount added
pH
The chemicals in the flask change as they react.
What can you say about the amount of acid and alkali at stages A, C and E?
Draw a straight line from each letter to the correct statement.
letter statement
There is lots of acid and lots of alkali.
A
There is lots of acid and no alkali.
C
There is no acid and lots of alkali.
E
There is no acid and no alkali.
There is some acid and some alkali.
[3]
[Total: 6]
END OF QUESTION PAPER
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