Scientia Magna

Vol. 2 (2006), No. 2, 31-34

Mean value of a Smarandache-Type Function
Jia Wang
Department of Mathematics, Shandong Normal University
Jinan, Shandong, P.R.China
Abstract In this paper, we use analytic method to study the mean value properties of
Smarandache-Type Multiplicative Functions K
m
(n), and give its asymptotic formula . Finally,
the convolution method is used to improve the error term.
Keywords Smarandache-Type Multiplicative Function, the Convolution method.
1. Introduction
Suppose m 2 is a xed positive integer. If n = p

1
1
p

2
2
...p

k
k
, we dene
K
m
(n) = p

1
1
p

2
2
...p

k
k
,
i
= min(
i
, m1),
which is a Smarandache-type multiplicative function . Yang Cundian and Li Chao proved in
[1] that

nx
K
m
(n) =
x
2
2(m)

p
_
1 +
1
(p
m
1)(p + 1)
_
+ O(x
3
2
+
).
In this paper, we shall use the convolution method to prove the following
Theorem. The asymptotic formula

nx
K
m
(n) =
x
2
2(m)

p
_
1 +
1
(p
m
1)(p + 1)
_
+ O(x
1+
1
m
e
c
0
(x)
)
holds, where c
0
is an absolute positive constant and (x) = (log x)
3/5
(log log x)
1/5
.
2. Proof of the theorem
In order to prove our Theorem, we need the following Lemma, which is Lemma 14.2 of [2].
Lemma. Let f(n) be an arithmetical function for which :

nx
f(n) =
l

j=1
x
a
j
P
j
(log x) + O(x
a
),

nx
| f(n) |= O(x
a
1
log
r
x),
32 Jia Wang No. 2
where a
1
a
2
. . . a
l
> 1/k > a 0, r 0, P
1
(t), , P
l
(t) are polynomials in t of degrees
not exceeding r, and k 1 is a xed integer. If
h(n) =

d
k
|n
(d)f(n/d
k
),
then

nx
h(n) =
l

j=1
x
a
j
R
j
(log x) + E(x),
where R
1
(t), . . . , R
l
(t) are polynomials in t of degrees not exceeding r, and for some
D > 0
E(x) x
1/k
exp
_
D(log x)
3/5
(log log x)
1/5
_
.
Now we prove our Theorem. Let
g(s) =

n=1
K
m
(n)
n
s
, (s) > 2.
According to Eulers product formula, we write
g(s) =

p
_
1 +
K
m
(p)
p
s
+
K
m
(p
2
)
p
2s
+
_
=

p
_
1 +
K
m
(p)
p
s
+
(K
m
(p
2
))
p
2s
+
_
=

p
_
1 +
p
p
s
+
p
2
p
2s
+ +
p
m1
p
(m1)s
+
p
m1
p
ms
+
p
m1
p
(m+1)s
+
_
=

p
_
1 +
1
p
s1
+
1
p
2(s1)
+ +
1
p
(m1)(s1)
+
p
m1
p
ms
+
p
m1
p
(m+1)s
+
_
=

p
_
1
1
p
m(s1)
1
1
p
s1
+
p
m1
p
ms
(1 +
1
p
s
+
1
p
2s
+ )
_
=

p
_
1
1
p
m(s1)
1
1
p
s1
+
p
m1
p
ms
1
1
1
p
s
_
=

p
1
1
p
m(s1)
1
1
p
s1
_
1 +
p
s1
1
(p
s
1)(p
m(s1)
1)
_
=
(s 1)

_
m(s 1)
_R(s),
where
R(s) =

p
_
1 +
p
s1
1
(p
s
1)(p
m(s1)
1)
_
.
Vol. 2 Mean value of a Smarandache-Type Function 33
Let q
m
(n) denote the characteristic function of m-free numbers, then
(s)
(ms)
=

n=1
q
m
(n)
n
s
,
(s 1)
(m(s 1))
=

n=1
q
m
(n)n
n
s
.
Suppose
R(s) =

n=1
r(n)
n
s
,
then
K
m
(n) =

n=l
1
l
2
q
m
(l
1
)l
1
r(l
2
).
Obviously, when > 1, R(s) absolutely converges, namely

lx
| r(l) |x
1+
. (1)
We can write q
m
(n) as the following form
q
m
(n) =

d
k
|n
(d)
Now we apply the lemma on taking f(n) = 1, l = a
1
= 1, r = a = 0, then we have

nx
q
m
(n) =
x
(m)
+ O
_
x
1
m
e
c
1
(x)
_
for some absolute constant c
1
> 0.
By partial summation,

nx
q
m
(n)n =
x
2
2(m)
+ O(x
1+
1
m
e
c
2
(x)
) (2)
holds for some absolute constant c
2
> 0. Let y = x
11/2m
. By hyperbolic summation ,
we write

nx
K
m
(n) =

l
1
l
2
x
q
m
(l
1
)l
1
r(l
2
) (3)
=

l
2
y
r(l
2
)

l
1

x
l
2
q
m
(l
1
)l
1
+

l
1

x
y
q
m
(l
1
)l
1

l
1

x
l
1
r(l
2
)

l
2
y
r(l
2
)

l
1

x
y
q
m
(l
1
)l
1
=

1
+

3
.
From (1) we get

l
1

x
y
l
1
_
x
l
1
_
1+

x
2+
y
x
1+1/2m+
. (4)
Similarly

x
2+
y
x
1+1/2m+
. (5)
34 Jia Wang No. 2
Finally for

1
we have by (2)

1
=
x
2
2(m)

l
2
y
r(l
2
)
l
2
2
+ O
_

l
2
y
x
1+
1
m
l
1
1
m
2
e
c
2

_
x
l
2
_
_
(6)
=
x
2
2(m)
R(2) + O
_
x
2

l
2
>y
r(l
2
)
l
2
2
_
+ O
_
x
1+
1
m
e
c
0

_
x
_
_
=
x
2
2(m)
R(2) + O
_
x
2+
y
_
+ O
_
x
1+
1
m
e
c
0

_
x
_
_
=
x
2
2(m)
R(2) + O
_
x
1+
1
m
e
c
0
(x)
_
,
if we noticed that

l
2
>y
r(l
2
)
l
2
2
y
1+
,
which follows from (1) by partial summation.
Now our Theorem follows from (3)-(6).
References
[1] Cundian Yang and Chao Li, Asymptotion Formulae of Smarandache-Type Multiplica-
tive Functions, Hexis, 2004, pp. 139-142.
[2] A. Ivic, The Riemann zeta-function, Wiley, New York, 1985.