Chapter 8: Children with Special Needs

Special needs Visual Problems Explanation Implication

Hearing Problems (Deaf and

Limited eye sight.- Parents can detect from their Prepare reading materials with birth when infant does not make eye contact or bigger printed words does not look directly substantiate with audio materials Detected by facial expression-the child depress and ignore them Give attentions to classroom management Squinted eyes or shut one eye .often rub their eyes and leaves them swollen Reading material must eb clear with proper word, size, Complain headaches and always hold reading colours, backgrounds, and materials close to eyes to read must not consists of too many words in one page Mohd Shaarani(2006)- hearing disorder from Do not turn your back to these the minor stage (20dB-40dB) up to the serious children when giving stages (90dB-40dB) instructions Difficulty in spelling and pronunciation -face difficulties to develop their speech or reading High or very low pitch voice and always turn their head to listen Need early training in special schools to prepare them to have a normal life Neuron logical disabilities affecting the brain and defect at nerve system Orthopedic system involve- bone, joint and muscles Face problem like stiff joints and lack of coordination Cannot maintain concentration, difficulty in completing task and have poor memory. Active physical movement They are impulsive-interrupt conversation or say a word without thinking They can be control with drug but the effect is still not knowing and is not effective to all ADD/ADHD Environment must free from the noise and disturbances Avoid yelling or speaking loudly Use sign language

partially deaf)

Physical Disabilities

Use book holder or electronic text book can help them Use computers or special pens/pencil to complete writing

Hyperactivity Disorder

Objective PnP must be stated clearly-structured teaching Use concrete examples Short and repetitive instructions-give simple task Relate with daily life experience

Speech disorder Stammering

Difficult in pronouncing words, difficult to understand term as a result problem in communication Relates to rough husky tones and out of pitch. Communication problem may result in emotional instability, shyness and low self esteem Stammering- effects the fluency in a speech.speak too lout or to soft can overcome with communication therapy

Give time to respond Encourage them to respond in writing Teaching techniques must enforce the approach using multiple sensors Help the children by using suitable model for example repeating words clearly and slowly or by using audio equipment
Focus on readiness to learn() Enforce skills that help children be independent (reading notices, news papers or filling the form) Guide them to manage themselves (prepare word schedule, duties, and task for the day) Give opportunity to apply knowledge into practice. -Autism lives in routine. The routine must always be practiced in class

Mentally Challenged
(Down Syndrome and autism)

They difficult to understand concepts, skills Slow to remember information for problem solving They do not follow instruction and cannot choose activities by their own Problems with eye and hand coordination Language and skills are learnt at slow pace They learn vocational and social skills-help them become a productive individual Autism is last long and difficult to help Problems in communication-unable to interpret body language, facial expression or even different intonation They refuse to observe and do not show reaction in any situation They play and interact with toys rather than human