Uniformly Continuous Function On A Normed Group

Saurav Bhaumik

Norm and Normed Group

Denition 1.1 Take an abeylian group (G, +), an ordered eld (K, +, ., <) and a function : G K + {0} s.t. 1. ( x) = 0 x = 0G ; 2. ( x + y) ( x) + (y); 3. ( x) = ( x). Such a function is called a generalised norm and an abeylian group togather with a norm is called a normed group. Now, take the set B := { B( x, ) : x G & K + }, where B( x, ) denotes the set {y G : ( x y) < }. Clearly, B has the power to be a base for a suitable topology on G. Take the topology T generated by the base B . Verify that G is a topological group w.r.t this topology.

Functions

If (F, +, ., <) is an ordered eld, any function f : E ( G) F has got the following terminology related to analysis : f is uniformly continuous on E + ( )( F ()( K + & ( x, y)( x, y E | f ( x) f (y)| < ))).
de f

&

( x y) <

E ( G) is said to be bounded i one of the following equivalent conditions hold: 1. ( M )( M K + & ( x, y)( x, y E ( x y) < M )) 1

2. (N )(N K +

&

( x)( x E ( x) < N )).

Theorem 2.1 (main claim) If f be uniformly continuous on E where E is bounded in G, we must have f (E ) bounded in F , provided, the topology T on G has the following property : any closed, bounded subset of G is compact. Before embarking upon the proof of the main theorem, we have the following lemma:

Lemma 2.2 If E is bounded in G, so is E . Proof: E is bounded = (E ) < M for some M K + . Now, if possible, take an x E with ( x) > M . Take := (( x) M )(> 0). Consider B( x, ). Truly, B( x, ) E = , for if y B( x, ) then + (y) > ( x y) + (y) ( x) = + M which means that (y) M . Yet, any y with (y) M cant stay in E since (E ) < M , this is a contradiction. Now, we come to the proof of our main theorem (Th 2.1).

Proof: By the lemma, E is closed, bounded ; so, it is compact by our assumption. By uniform continuity of f , we get a K + s.t. ( x, y)( x, y E & ( x y) < = | f ( x) f (y)| < 1F ). Now, { B( x, /2) : x E } is an open cover for E ; and for E is compact, it has a nite subcover, say { B( xi , /2) : i = 1, ..., n}. As xi E , each B( xi , /2) has a point yi in E .
n1

Dene :=
i =1

| f (yi ) f (yi+1 )|.

For any f ( x), f (y) f (E ), we must have 1 i; i + m n s.t. x B( xi , /2) and y B( xi+m , /2). Now,
i+m1 j =i i+m1

{ f ( x) f (y)} = { f ( x) f (yi )} +

{ f (y j ) f (y j+1 )} + { f (yi+m ) f (y)}.

| f ( x) f (y)| | f ( x) f (yi )| +
j=i

| f (y j ) f (y j+1 )| + | f (yi+m ) f (y)|

| f ( x) f (yi )| + + | f (yi+m ) f (y)| < 1F + + 1F [since, ( x y) ( x xi ) + ( xi yi ) < /2 + /2 < etc.] = (2.1F + ).

But what it actually means is that, ( x, y)( x, y E = | f ( x) f (y)| < (2.1F + )). Now, depends solely on f and E . For any such G, K, F and a norm , we can thus dene a function (E , f ), f being uniformly continuous on E , s.t. (a, b f (E ))(|a b| < (2.1F + (E , f ))). This proves that f (E ) is bounded . 2