NETWORK TOPOLOGY Two or more computers connected together through communication media form a computer network.

The arrangement of computers in a network is called Network Topology. It is a physical layout of connected computer. Following are network topologies. 1). Bus topology. 2). Star topology. ). R!"g topology. #). $es% topology

1. BUS TOPOLO ! STR&'T&RE o( Bus Topology) In the "us topology# the computers are connected through a common communication media. $ special type of central wire is used as communication media. This central wire is called Bus. The computer are attached through the "us the ends of the "us are closed with the terminator .The terminators are used to a"sor" signals. Bus topology use coa%ial ca"les sections are connected to the B. &. ' connectors. B.&.' connectors are often use to connect the computer through the main ca"le. These connectors can connect through two section of ca"le with the "us e%tending in "oth directions. The end de(ice on the "us ha(e the terminals on one connectors of T WORK*NG O+ B&S TOPOLOGY) The computers that send data also attach address of the destination computer with the data. $ll computers connected to the "us recei(e the data "ut only that computer accept it whose address matches the address attached with data.
In this topology only one computer at a time can send a data therefore the speed of network reduces as the num"er of computers attached to the "us increases. ,-.,NT,GES o( Bus Topology) *asy to install and configure

Ine%pensi(e

*asily e%tended -!sa/0a"tages o( Bus Topology ) Performance decreases

+eak signals ,ifficult trou"leshooting

ST$- TOPOLO ! STR&'T&RE o( ST,R TOPOLOGY) The star topology uses a separate ca"le for each work station as shown in fig.The ca"le connects the work station to a central de(ice typically a .UB. The configuration pro(ides a more relia"le network that is easily e%pended. +ith star there is no central point of failure in the ca"le .if there is a pro"lem with the ca"le only the station connected to that ca"le is a effected .to add more work stations simply connect another .UB

WORK*NG O+ ST,R TOPOLOGY *ach computer in a star network communicates with the central hu" that resents the messages either to all computers /in a "road cast network0 are only to destination computer /in a switch network0. Star network may"e designed to operate in a polled mode where each user is asked in turn .if it has any information to transmit and in case# if it has# the communication controller will either gi(e full attention to that de(ice until it has no more information to send or it will allow the de(ice to send part of its information #gi(e another de(ice a chance and then return "ack to original de(ice. ,-.,NT,GES o( ST,R TOPOLOGY) *asily e%pended and modified

*asy to trou"leshoot 1ultiple ca"le types supported "y hu"

-*S,-.,NT,GES o( ST,R TOPOLOGY) If hu" fails then entire network will fail

-e2uire more ca"les 1ay re2uire a de(ice to re"roadcast signals across the network

R*NG TOPOLOGY STR&'T&RE o( R*NG TOPOLOGY In ring topology each computer is connected to the ne%t computer and the last computer is connected to the first computer. Thus a ring of computers is formed as shown in figure "elow. WORK*NG o( R*NG TOPOLOGY )

*(ery computer is connected to the ne%t computer in the ring and each transmits what it recei(es from the pre(ious computer. The messages flow around the ring in one direction. Some ring network do ring token passing. $ short message called token /memory area0is passed around a ring until a computer wishes to send information to other computers. That computer modifies token# adds an electronic address and data and send it around the ring. *ach computer in se2uence recei(es the token and ne%t computer until either the electronic address matches the address of a computer Or the token return to its origin .The recei(ing computer returns a message to the sender indicating that message has "een recei(ed. ,-.,NT,GES o( R*NG TOPOLOGY) a. It pro(ides an orderly network in which e(ery de(ice has access to the token and can transmit. ". It performs well under a hea(y load. -*S,-.,NT,GES o( R*NG TOPOLOGY a. Failure of one computer can effect the whole network . ". ,ifficult to trou"leshoot. c. 'hange mode with adding or remo(ing a de(ice effect the entire network.

$ES1 TOPOLOGY STR&'T&RE o( $ES1 TOPOLOGY $ mesh network or mesh topology uses separate ca"le to connect each de(ice to e(ery other de(ice on the network# pro(iding a straight communication path as shown in the figure "elow. WORK*NG o( $ES1 TOPOLOGY For sending messages# check the ca"le connected into two de(ices. $ message is send directly from sender to recei(er "ecause each one has indi(idual and separate connection. ,-.,NT,GES o( $ES1 TOPOLOGY ) a. *nhance for error tolerance pro(ided "y redundant links. ". *asy to trou"leshoot.

-*S,-.,NT,GES o( $ES1 TOPOLOGY) a. ,ifficult to install and maintain. ". *%pensi(e.