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THE HEAT OF REACTION OF FORMALDEHYDE CALOR METRIC LimBOD. K.6tarzynske, S.Randzio,

WITB UREA BYA

DYNAiUC

lID.; mPLUENGE OF COlaPCNENTS UPONTHEVISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOUR OF TALC-FILLED POLYPROPYLENE

D.Wyrzykowska-8tankiewicz

V. DOBRESGU, H. PAVElI,L. GAVRILA and N. GOLDEt.'BERG ICECHlM, 202 -Splaiul ROIt.ANIA lndeperldentei, Bilcharest,

Institute ~or Industrial Chemistry, Ol-793Warsaw, Poland Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland. The heat of the reaction of water containing formaldehyde with urea was'measured calorimetrically at 14 urea concentration ranging from 5 to 50 wt. per cent. The calorimetric vesel was special17 designed to keep the reactants at a desired starting temperature, 5loC. The reaction was followed Qy analysis for the functional groups / hydroxymethylenegroups, methylene - and dimethylene ether bridges, free foxmaldehyde / in the reaction products. It has been found that the heat of reaction amounts to 35kJ/ mol for 25 wt.per cent urea and only ca 9 kJ/mol when increasing urea concentration to 50 wt.per cent.

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It is well known that 'talc-filled polypropylene is stiffer and more resistant to distortion caused by heat than pure polypropylene; it is, therefore widely utilized in molded parts whose dimensional stahility:and resistance to heat are important /1/-/3/. Given the viscoelastic character of deforrnation~. and strength properties of polypropylene, it is useful to find out how these properties va:ry in tal c-filled po-lypropylene. This task is undertaken in the present contribution ~lhich is part of an extensive study of dynamic mechanical properties b:l' mechandcaf spectrozcopy. Experimental The materials employed ~Iere injection lOI'ade polypropylene and tHO types of talc: T-STAS 190I/77 and steatite ST-S'l'AS 10855/77. The samples contained 20% and 40'';:; "eight talc and are denoted by PP-20T. PP-40T. PF-20ST and PF-40ST, respectively. Both types of talc were treated "i th ilispersine agents and contained typi cal stabilizers for polypropylene processinc;. The s amp'Les >:ere injection rao Ld ed u:-;in~ an Engel 40/20 machine at temperatures of' 200/ 2IO/ 2200C, the temperature of the mold being about 60c.. The dimensions of samples used in testing were 3X6XI45 rom. The mechanical spectra have been obtained by usine the Bruel and Kjaer 3930 Complex Modulus ApparatuB at room temperature and over a frequency r~~ge of 40 to I500 Hz. Discussion The Quanti ties that describe the d"forrr.ationd propert.ies _ t)-;" ~'c"'age modulus, the loss m:ldulus as ,-,ell as the loss factor - are calcul ated from the mechanical spectra ( Figs. I and 2 ), provided the mechanical resonance freouencies and the corresponding band~/idths are measured /4/-/6/. It i~ worth to note that with increasing talc concentration the resonance freauencies increase and the resonance bandwidths decrease; as a result the storage moduli increase and the loss factors recrease to an extent which depends on the difference in chemical com-

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posi tion between the tales employed. Thus, for the same filler eoncentration the stcrage modulus is higher and the loss factor lower in PP-ST than in PP-T. Moreover, the increase of filler content from 0 to 2(}1' wt. ~esults in a positive variation of the storage modulus ~Ihich aaount e .) 50/~ in PP-T and 7'],; in PP-ST. l-Ihen the filler concentration :"<" ':~l~"S tlO'c the positive variation of the storage modulus is I5O'/; in s: :'-'1' and 175); in PP-ST. l~eanwhile the decrease of loss factor brought 56.9 -pp PP-20T --PP-40T-

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about by an a;idition of 20",0 . rt. talc is more important t han that for further addition of 2o;b wt. talc, i.e. in PP-40T and PP-40ST. Obviously, establishing the mixture rules for different deformational properties is not a simple task even in the case of el aet i.c appr-o achj ho,",ever, the possibility of deriving the values of the two components of the complex modulus is highly helDful in solving the proble:n. On the other hand, the impact pr-oper-td ,. decrease with the concentration of inorganic filler; obviously, the viscoelasticcharacter of deformation process contributed by the polymer matrix to the overall response of tne composite decreases because now the volume concentration of the poLymer-in the compo sf te is lOl"/er. At the same time the dampd.ngproperties of the polymeric composite are poorer than those of the single polymer. A better understanding of deformational as ~Iell as strength properties of talc-filled polypropylene rer,uires additional meaSurements also by thermomechanical spectroscopy in order to complete the information obtained in frequency-temperature representation. Conclusions The mechanical spectroscopy supplies besides the mechanical spectra of the polymeric- composite the possibility of obtaining valuable quantitative informations regarding the rheological properties of these materials. The case of talc-filled polypropylene is typical through the analysis of the many factors involved in the overall performance of a polymer matrix composite, and the preliminary information presented in this cont-ribution further study in order to explain the illtricate mechanical properties of the real polymeric composite. References 1. Th. P. Bragg, 1,\. D. Held. Pl as t , Engn sept.: 30 (I974). 2. C. Do Han, C. Sandford, H. J. Yoo , Polym. Eng, Sci., 18: 849 (I978). 3. Co D. Han, T. rieghe, P. 3hete, J. R. Haw, Polym. Eng. Sci., 2I: I96 (I98I). 4. 1. Perepechko, Acoustic Methods of Investigatine Polymers, l-iir, !wscow (1915). 5. To r.lurayama, Dynamic lflechanical Analysis of Polymeric 14aterial, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1978). 6. B. E. Read, C. D. Dean, ~ne Determination of Dynamic Properties of Polymers and Composites, AdamHilger, Bristol. (1978).

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