Topic 1. Evolution of the didactics of language. Current trends in the teaching of English as a foreign language. Communicative approaches.

Subtopics Authors and books Dates 1. Introduction

Content 1.1. General introduction Brief state of the question My aim Mention GTM vs CA 1.2. Evolution Lg. teaching throughout history Latin Modern languages Method: the notion of a systematic set of teaching practices based on a particular theory of lg. and lg. learning. Approach: lg. teaching philosophies interpreted and applied in a variety of diff. ways in the classroom Latin and Greek/modern lg. Nowadays version Characteristics Grammar deductively Sentences using the vocabulary and grammar rules Translations (especially literary texts) and memorization of vocabulary lists Mother tongue Spoken lg. neglected Unreal language

Other relevant info/key words Tremendous change 20th C Egypt, Babylonian, Greek, Roman, middle ages, discovery of America and study of modern languages

2. Concept of approach and method 3. First approaches to language teaching

3.1. GTM

Howatt Richards and Rodgers (2001)

1984 1840s-1940s

3.2. DM Gouin and Berlitz Late 19th century Gouin Berlitz Principles: 4. 20th C innovations 4. 1. ALM Bloomfield Sapir Saussure Berlitz Chomsky Bloomfield Sapir After WW2, 1950s

Observation of childrens use of lg. language learning transforming perceptions into conceptions

Grammar is taught inductively. L1 (avoided) vs L2 Phonetics. Speech. Everyday vocabulary

German Nephew 1st natural method Active learner participation Effort by teacher Weak theoretical foundations Influenced audio-lingual method

Soldiersproficiency in lg. Behavioural psychology Characteristics: Mimicry and set phrases memorization Structural patterns drills No grammatical explanation Vocabulary in context Audio-visual aids Pronunciation. Reinforcement of correct responses. Features Combination of mechanical aids with Berlitz techniques and Indian lg. study methodology Intensive Teachers native speakers (real conversation) Strong grammatical instruction Audiovisual aids Students have to be motivated Failure when applied to children

Influence of sociology and psychology in language teaching Berlitz schoolthe eye is the enemy of the ear Structuralismlanguage as a system of structurally related elements (behaviouristic habit-formation conceptions) Am Sch. Vs Euro Sch.

4.2. ASTP

Bloomfield Sapir

During WW2

4.3. Criticism to structuralism 5. Present day methodological trends. The designer methods. 5.1. Suggestopedia Lozanov Rivers (1981)

Chomsky

1979

5.2. The silent way

Gattegno

Early 70s

5.3. TPR

Asher

70s

5.4. CLT (CA)

Nunan (1991)

From the 60s

5.5. CALL

1950s 1970s-80s Currently

No take into account important aspects such as ambiguity and intuition Exercises were very mechanical and no meaningful situations Offered teachers the materials but they did not show them how to use them. Suggestive factors can accelerate learning Soviet psychological research and extrasensory perception Relaxation techniques Teachersource of calm confidence and receptivity Unstructured approach Related with cognitivism Learning developed by means of creativity and discovery Silencevehicle for learning Active role of learner Combination of speech and action Teach lg. through physical action Children respond physically to spoken lg. Comprehension>productionspeaking is postponed Meaning>form Minimize stressdelaying speech Concern with semantic aspects of language Providing learners with opportunities to use language for communicative purposes Characteristics(Nunan): Emphasis on learning to communicate through interaction in the L2 Authentic texts Opportunities for learners to focus on the learning process Enhancement of the learners own personal experiences Link classroom lg. learning with lg. activities outside the classroom. Behaviouristic CALL Communicative CALL Based on the behaviourist theories of learning Drills and practice not authentic communication (Audiolingualism) Software focused on using forms (not only forms) Repetitive language drills and practices PLATO St. generated original utterances system No evaluation

Classical music, yoga hypnosis Retain new knowledge and material No error correction DM without drills Distant teacher, not conductive environment Colour wall-charts Teacher is silent Commands Games: Simon says, whats the time Mr Wolf Listening>speaking L1=L2

Integrative CALL Multimedia and internet Multimedia Diff. skills integrated Own pace Not sacrifice form over content Internet Synchronic/asynchronic communication Authentic materials www.wikipedia.org 7. Bibliography www.cal.org (Center for applied linguistics)

Communication also involves how to use language in context (speech acts) Study of forms is secondary Focus on learner and learning Error is a normal part of learning Fluency > accuracy Authentic materials Communicative strategies.

The development and availability of computer technology subfield of education (CALL) Implications of computers for language learning.

6. Conclusion

Some approaches are obsolete and some are more current (Sc. P.O.V.) Instead of an uncritical and eclectic way of teaching, teachers should analyse and interpret what is happening in the classroom (dynamic teaching) LOE 2/2006 3rd Maymethodology must be integrated in the course planning Decree 231/2007 31st Julyprinciples of the curriculum in Andalusia

Richards, J., & Rodgers, T. 2001. Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. London: Longman Howatt, A. (1984). A history of English Language teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. McLaren, N. & Madrid, N. 2006. A Handbook for TFL. Marfil.