f /_,A 'ALWAYS A GOOD TURN

HEG soN Rule

//'

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`

B|NARY

s|_|DE
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i

QMANUAL ai

Eamon

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Th||dm|hr vm||yy|uxofgoodnvvk. Thoialuan |umoeM' |rurlII|\o|srna|h\ea|os. |b\u|v|r,|f!|\|\ ovd,thof|nhhofr|~k Ill

ulfl boenmodull.
To Inav: th; Shen Indknlor. a|d\ tho fingornnil under iho odgs and rllu |ar.nz|1/lash of'in mn |ndsmfh.|a nnfnauawhu- n a mana.

muy Thro|Qho\n >|sl.||\d9h||hor1||\dkMw wlllbolumudi llwillbcnolod |ha|w|\nov1$isn\ov|d th|ILr|m|ima|a|io|\ary,b|nth|1w|\a|\ lhmmnd$n\ov .b|\n|ha||\othingIn|orfon|whh|h|froon|ov|n\\mofS. Lalwuysgivuvlnuuwulothopvnbkm.
nroblonl h multiplication, division and proportion.

|n|n\pflng| |lnox1p|ragr|9|\|hou|db \oIv\don||uC$alou\d|Ilo|h|ndl|rgu\1od.

Tho

Th of|h|ru||ls||lodohC$nla.

Ifhuudfovndvlng
C

bcglnnlf should menu tht

Suk bcfon

Figunlnhowulhauala,

TOlAll.T|P|.Y5x7.SnL|15|nd$||l0. !uri\l.umI|Sl\n1|\dl.nr||ll|\d\|v|||\|
lwr.35
'

TOD|VlDEl|*3.

Sdl|1ll|ndS|l3.1||rnl\|nl5h|iI0a|\dl\rI|ll|\diai|!|l

answer, 6. Try other almple examples using the C scale. T0 SOLVE PROPORTION 7:35::5:x. Set l at 35 and S at 7. Tum l, untll S la It 5 and l vllll give the answer, 25. To Solve 35 +15 X 3. Set l at 35 and S at IS. Turn l. until Sis at 3 and read the answer 7 undlv L Try theu examplea several times untll you are famlliar with the operation of the alide rule.

READING THE SCALES

These examplea were made very simple, because when using larger numbers. the operator must be able te read the Salem. This can be learned by studying their construction. Taking the C Scale, It will be noted that beginning at the Index and reading clockwise, the long lines are numbered ll, l2, l3, etc., to 2. Then each of these spacer if further divided into l0 subdivisions. Tentha ol than subdivision must be estimated if required by the problem. To locate any number beginning with l, aa l365, move an Indicator to l3, then move it six more aubdlviaiona to 136 and the center of the next subdivlsion gives 1365. To locate e number beginning with 2, at 2247 (2217, .022,470. 2,247,000, etc.) move the Indicator two large divisions from 2, which gives 22. then move it 4 division: and estlmate .7 of the next aubdivlsion. Fig. I shows the location of these settings. Study this figure until you are familiar with it. Locate various numbers on the different scales and leam the name of the scalea and thelr location an the fame of the rule.

1385 Cl 7323 A 1803

C

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BINARY

ROOTS AND POWERS

The A scale In a two turn C acale and ia used with the C acale to obtain rquarea and aquara root! of numberi. It can be used for multiplication and division exactly the lame as the C scale but Ita aecuracy will be lex: because it ia only half aa long. It can also be used with the C acalea In solving problems where one of the factors is either squared or handled al a square root. Example: 45 X (nquare root 2.5). Set L to 2.5 on the A acele and S at 10. Move L untll S la at 45 on the C :sale and read the answer 7l.2 under l. on the C scale. To vquara a number set L at the number on the C :sale and read the answer on the A aeale. To extract the Square Root of a number, first separate the number into groups of two figures eaeh, beginning at decimal point and going either to the left or right at required aa 234'27 or .0064. If the left hand group contains one significant figure, use the firxt half of the A Scala, reading fha square root on the C Scala. Use the second half of the A Scale if rhe left hand group contains twe aignifiaant figures. Thus the Square Root of 2.5 ia 1.58 and the Square Root of 25 ia 5. This la for number: larger than l. For numbers smaller than l, the first half of the A scale la used for numbers with odd numben of ciphers, When the number of cipher: is even the second half of the A acale il used. Example: Find the aquare root of 324. Since the number of diglta In the left hand group la odd, aet L at 324 in the firat half of the A scale and read the answer IB on the C aeale. Example: Find the aquare root of .054. Since there is one :ipher the flrxt half of the A scale

leased.

Settlr\g| awer.232iareedontheC|ale.

MULTIPLYING AND DIVIDING MIXED NUMBERS

The Binary Sale la need for handling frectiona and mlxed numbers between the llmita of 7,64th| and 10. It is used to multiply and divide fractions together of mixed numbers and lractionl. The problem can be handled directly on the scale without using a computation sheet tu reduce the fraction to the lent common denominator.

Example:

We

lk. Set

on 7| and S at

IO.

Move

untll S

ia

et

li

end reed the answer

ll/32

under

on the Binary Sale.

Anewef 25/32 Anewer I5/32 Example: M divided by Va. Set L at M and 5 at /a on the Binary scale. Move at I0 and read the answer 6 under L on the ume mule. Example: ll/a + Si Answer 3
Example: 55 X
V4 X

llh l%

until

le

Si + V: Answer I'/A When desired the answer to any problem solved on the Binary teala :an be read an a declmnl. on the A scale. Alao decimelx on the A scale can be ueed with fractions and mixed numbeu on the Binary lcale and the result: read on either scale. Example: 3] X Ve. Set L ll 3.7 on the A Kele and S at 10. Turn l. until S la lt 7.5. Now reed the anewef. 3.24 on A Sale.

THE
The log-Log ecale, near the center

L06-I-06

SCALE

above l to

e million.

lt

ie

of the rule. oonlietu of several turne and extends slightly ueed to find any power or root ot a number that appears on its ooile.

Referring to Fig. I, the C. CI, A, and Binary Scales were constructed by laying oft dixtancee proportional to the Common logarithm (Bae 10) of the number: on the Scalee. Therefore multiplication on then Scales consists of adding the diitancen of the two factors. Subtraction oontim et subtracting the distance of divisor from the distance of the dividend. All distances being measured from the Index. The log-log Scale was constructed by tint getting the Natural logarithm (baie e. 2.7ll28) of the number and then getting the Common Logarithm (base 10) of the Natural Logaritltm end laying off the distance proportional to this quantity. Thu: the Natural Log. of 20 in 2.99573 and the Common log. of 2.99573 is J76503. Therefore 20 on the Log-Log Scale would be located under an Indicator set 2.99573 or 3.00 on the C Scale and .476503 or A77 on the Log Scale.
The Loglog Scale glvea the position ot the decimal point and extend.: from :lightly above I to l,0W,000. If e number or ite desired root fallt below the limit of the Scale, multiply the number by eorne convenient factor. Then, the root of the product, divided by the toot of the factor, gives the root of the number. If the number or in desired power ia greater than l,000,000, reeolve the number into two or more convenient facton that can be handled by the scale. Then the product of the powers of the fectore givee the Plw/er of the number.

THECIOICINVHTEDSCALE
clockwise direction. The Iwo numbers on the C and CI Scales under an Indlator ridproall of nth other and when multiplied (neglecting the decimal polnl) nlvuyi cqull 1. Using the C ll Cl Scala, lhree number; can be handled :I each serving of Uhr rule. To Mulviply 77 X B42 X 128. Set L at 77 on C Scale and S ul 842 on Cl Sale. Turn I. llllll S il at 128 on C and L will give rhe answer ax B3 or 8,300,000 on C. Exumplez 13 X 23 X 86 Answer 25,7(X) To Solve 71.8 + (31 X 425). Sei I. II 728 on C and S at 3| on C. Turn l unill S ll ll |25 on Cl and read the answer 552 or .0552 on C. Exlmple: 24 divided by 2.8 + 3.4 Anlwer 2.52 To solve 37 X 45 divided by I6. Ser L at 37 on the C sale and S ei 45 an Ill Cl mule. Move I. unfil S in av 16 on the CI scale and read the answer 104.1 on QM C sale. Example: 85 X 7.3 divided by 62 Answer 10.01

Tluucx'n\d$al|htiseCIo |du|f|d|ndr||dlr\ll2\l|ilrll

LOGARITHMS
Thin lnls give: the lcqarilhms of all numbers (Base 10). To find lhe logarithm of lny number ni the number on rhe C Sale and read :he Logarichm of the number under 1. on rhn log. Thu: log. 2 is .301; Log. 7.5 is 375; Log. B45 ix 2327. The Log Scale :an be und for addition and wbirenlon. To :dd sei L at one number und S at 00. Turn L unlil S is al the xeeond number und L v/III give the sum. To Subirxr, ul L at the minuend and S nv the lubvrahend. Turn L unlll S In

nv

I.

nwudlwillhdknulharunllfdn,

THE DECIMAI. POINT

If the C scale of the Rule is used for multiplication and division and L turned clockwise to set S then the following rules will give the number of figures in the result. To simplify the rules the following terms ere used. "Sum" is the number uf figures in the multiplier plus the number of figures in the multlplicand. "Difference" is tl\e number of figures in the dividend minus the number of figures In the divleor. Rule I. In multiplication, if l ls moved to, or past, I0 to set S, the number of figures in the product equals the sum. Example: 75 X 62 equals 4650. There are four figures in the two factors and, as L crosses I0, there are four figures in the result. Rule 2. If I. does net reach 10, one figure should be deducted from the Sum. Example: 75 X |24 equals 9300. The Sum adds to 5 figures buf, since l does not pass IO, one figure is deducted making 4 figures in the result. For division the following rules apply: Rule I. When the Divisor lies clockwise between the dividend and I0, the number of figures in the quotient equala the figures in the dividend less those in the divisor, Example: 5950 divided by 70 equals 55. Since 70 lies between 5950 end IO, there are 4 minus 1 equals 2 figures in the result. Rule 2. If the dividend lies closer to I0 than the divisor, add I to the Difference for the number of figures In the quotient. Example: 852 divided by I2 equals 71. Since the dividend lies doaer Ie I0 than the divisor, there are 3 mlnus 2 plus I equals Z figures in the result. In adding the number of figures in the factors the following rules apply: lule I. Units in front of the decimal points are plus numbers

lulel.

E \a|pointIeamlnusnurnber.

Sise1thenumberon!heloL.ogSn|e. Rnd

r l||$i||14.65ov\Lo9-Logandl
power
av

Tofi\dvhePo ponnmendS||I0onCSu|e.
Lon
Log-Log

lumlunfll

Sale.

Find ihe velue

of 4,65

wl||giv|fhe|n|we||l290ontheLog-|.og5|le.
un1i|S
ie

ToEx1'l||Qhe|'lo e|ndelffhlloo1o|\C,|urnL
the Log-Lng and L will give the roof on the log-Log Scale. Find the value uf '~'/5,W0. Set L nt I0 and S at 7.3 on C Sale. Turn L unlil S is M 5.000 on loLo9 Sale and reed 3.2 at L For number; which fell off the end of the sale, use eeme method ee for "Powen."
To Find Natural lnqnrithme. (Bene e) Se' L el the number on the Log-Log Sale end reed Lugerilhm on C Selle. Thus the Nllurll Log. of L68 519; ef 675 ie 652; of 32(XX) H 10.37.

|| the numbnf on

using the redpfoal of the number and then finding the power or root of the redpvocol. ol this enlwef is ihe desired solution.

11n\.o nofnumbenbn|owlby
Examplmfind the 2.5 roof of .686 Sul
L

'|`he reciprocal

sale.

endrudhllunderlonthelog-Lngxnle. Now\e|Lonl.I6lon9heCe|\enndreed|l\eenewev .l62onvh|CI||l.

Nowse|Ln|I0|nd$|12.5ontheC||le. TumLun|iISi|||l.454on|helogLogecele

el .688 on the C

rule and reed

1.454 on the CI

ADDING AND SUBTRACTING FRACTIONS

Thu Faction Sale ln used for udding and wbrracving fnciiom and in divided from I/64 va Inch. The complete lng Scale may be considered as equal to I inch. Therefore. combination: of

iuclionu and decimals may be Added und wlavructad on those Iwo

add 7/64 + 19/32 nv Exumpliz 3/8 + 27/64
To

zulu.
I.

l al 7/64 md

5/16 + 7/31
To

wbvna: 31/64

undef L
Exlmplaz 1942. 45-64.

'

at I. Turn L until S lx ui I9/32 and Answer: 51/64 Answer: 19/32

will give 45/64.

55. S01

at 3|/64 und S lv Qi. Turn

until S

in

et

and rand 7/64

''

7-64

Anlwnrz

941

Anlwlr: 27/64. 50|

31-64 27-64. lv 27/64. Tum

and

SON! 964 + 13/32 wlll give Vi.

l It 9/64 md

until S 1|

li I3/32
the :bow
64th.

Sale may ba subuviiuved fo: any of the fuctiom fha unwer can be rnd. exadly as a decimal or to the Ihno typos of problems. Then
ll desired, decimaln on
rho Log

In

Maru'

TYPE PROBLEMS AND SHORT CUTS

PI,or3.I4I6is|||ver\or or.7854lsgivenor|thasesa|e\
by the small mark naar 8. The small mark at c bn the Log. Stall is a 2937" which ll equal to 000 centimeter. Further calculations gives 39.37" (IOO Cm) aa the Meter. The operator must be able to solve a problem by ordinary merhoda before attempting to use the Rule, which in an aid and a time-saver. The following type problerna show how to handle the usual combination of factors which are met in practice. The operator should choose the type whid\ is required by his problem and solve it accordingly, Only a few of the many possible combinations of the nina scale are given as others will suggest themselves to the operator as l\e becomes more familiar with the instrument. In the following problems. M. N, O, P and Q will represent known 'quantities and R the result. When any result is given by L, this result may`be used as a factor in funhar calculations. It is not necessary to read the number under L until the final answer is obtained.

$oIveM><
read
R

+O=

R.

UsaCScale.

SetLatMand$ar0. lurnlunti|Siss|Nand
TurnLuntiISisatOon

under L Example: 4.6

$oIveMl

Cl Scale and reed

So|veM+(N X O5=R. SetlatMandS|tNonA5caIe. TumlunrilSiset0on ClScaleandlwlIlgivelonA$cale.

at L on C Sale. Example: 25.4 divided by 3.9 X 2.3

R

+(N

3.7 divided by 2.14 Answer 7.95 X ll. SetLatMandSatNonCS<ale.

0)=

Answer 2.835

Example:

343 dlvlded by 3.l

L

To find Reclprocale, Set

Answer 2.32 at the number on the C or Cl Scale and read the reclprecal on the

21'

other scale.

To eolve any quadratic equation of the form x hx c = O. set L at l and S at C on until as the case may be) ol the values under L on the C CI Scale. Tum L the (sum or difference eule and S on the CI scale equals B and their product equals c. Ihese are the roots or valuea of x.

:t

of the decimal point may be located by inspection. 3X B8 equal: 0. Set L at 10 and S at BB on C scale. Now turn L and watch Example: X' indicators. Mentally check their difference and when S reaches ll on the C the values under both sale L will be on B an the CI scale. Since their difference is 3 and their product is 88, B and ll are ll)(X + 8) equals 0. the required answers. (X To find the value of Vx '+y'=!, met L at 5 and S al x on C Scale. Move l to l on A Scale. (Thi: reducea y' to I and reduces x' in the same proponinn). Now read the value under S on the A uale and reset to this value plus I on the A scale. Move I. back to y on the C male and read 1 under S on the C scale. Example: Given two sides of a righr triangle as 4 and 3. Find the Mypotenuse. Set l at 3 and S at 4 on the C aclle. Move L to I0 and note 1.78 under S en the A scale. Add l to this value and net S to 2.78 on the A uale. Move L back to 3 on the C uale and read the answer 5 under S on the meme xule. Example: Given 5 and l aa two sides of a right trlangle. Find the Nypotenuu. Anewer: 9.44.
The poeltlon

- -

'

COMMERCIAL PROBLEMS
The C Sale le used for solving most oornmerclsl problems so if no C Scale should be und.
OVERHEAD: A merchant hss $15,200

sale

ls

mentioned the

|a1e| for

percent of overhead? Set 15 or 15% at L

If en article costs

lt

$3,800 end S

lt

with s $3.800 ovefheed. What in his $15,200 (of 152). \um L until S ls et I0 end reed
a

yur

the above merchant $2.50 and he wishes to make a 10% net profit, with a 25% overhead. What should be the selling price of the erticle? Add 10% end 25% and subtract them from 100% which gives 65%. Set L at 10 end S nt 65. Turn L until S 1| at $2.50 (or 25) end If the selling price at other articles is desired (15% L will give $3.55 es the correct selling price. overhead and 10% profit) turn L until S is et the invoiced mat and L will give the selling price.
48 articles cont the above merchant $145, what should be the telling pflm of one article so that he will make a 10% net profit with an uverheed of 25767 Set L et AB on Cl Selle end S at 65 on C Scale. Turn L until S in st 145 on C Scale and L will indicate 465 on C Selle. Therefore the correct selling prios for each srticle would be $4.65. The above method may be used for finding selling price of articles bought by quantities, Including dozen and groea Iota. When finding the selling price of an article when the unit oost is known, set L at 10. If the cost of the lot ls lmown,
If a

cue of

set

at the quantify on the

CI

Scale ond proceed ln the some manner.

Find lhe value of .65 mind lo vhe puwtr. Ser L al .05 an C and rud l.5| on Ihr: Cl Sul: Snr I. ar 37 and S av I0 on C. Turn L umil S is ar L54 on Log-Log and reed 4.94 on the Log~log Suhr. Ser rhis value under L on C Stale and read .2024 lhe answer on Cl Sale.

JJ

fbur turns and may be exvended any number ol turns below l.00l5 using rhe C snle, becauso vhis number is under an indicarar ser al I5 on lha C scale. Therefore. ro raise l,00034|5 to the 4.2rhs power, sew L er 42; S nl l, rum L unlil S is av 3445, read IJA7, which makes 'he answer l.00lu7 (lll solved on C scale). ll lhe exponenr, 4.2 or base had been slrghrly largar. the answer would be grearer when I.00l5 and could be read on rhe Log~Log Scala.
The Lo9~Log

sul: hu

THE CUBE SCALE

lhu It or Cube sale is used wirh me C scale lor cubes and cube roovs, Ser eilher indicator we a number on C and read lhe cube on K. To ermaer rhe cube root, separare lhe number inlo groups of lhree figures, beginning al rhe deermal poinv, as 5l'535.32 or 0268. Il the lair group Lonnins one, Iwo or three signilieanl figurns, use rho firsl, second or luv one-rhird of the K scale Ser L ar any quantify on the K Sul: and read the cube roor on she C Sale The K Sale can be used for rnulvipliearion, division and proporvion in uaevly the same rnannrrr as rho C Sala. Example: Whar is who cube fool of 3465 Since 'he Ish hand group contains one lrguru. :hu L indiulor should be ser in IM lirsr third of 'he K seals. Answer l5.l4_

TKIGONOMETIIC FUNCTIONS
The bed: side of the Rule hes one Indicator, which will be referred to ee T. It hee three eeperete Set: of ecelux. The outer scale of eerh Set ia Degrees, the middle xcele ix Sine: and the Inner unle in Tengentx. Eech degree greduetion hes one or two on eech side of the line, em 53|37. The figures et the left ol eech line give the degree: for eine; end Tengents end Increase hom 0 to 90 degree: in e cloduwiu direction, while the figures et the right af the line glve the degrees br Coeinee end Cotengente end Increase from 0 to 90 degrees in e counter-clockwise dlrectlon. Eech ef the larger degree divisions is divided into .I degree or six minute divilione.

To reed the function of my angie, its male. The co-functions ere reed on their
in
ie

the helr-line, T, to degree; end reed the function on eorruponding scale but the degrees must be reed e :lockwiee dlrection. Thus:-Sine 65' 42' ie .9114 Tangent IB' 30' ie .3346 Coe. 51 54' .6\70.

ut

To

reed to one Minute

It will be noticed that the divlsiom on the three Degree sales ue not on redill line; but differ by 2 minutes. To increase 2 minutes, move the h|ir4ine to the next outer degree xnle, moving to the center If neceuery. By going helfwey between the degree divisions of eny two edienent (or

the outer end inner) greduetione. the heir-Ilne een be net to one rnlnine.

THE DIILI. AND THREAD SCALE

wee the first half of the circle and the Thread Scale uaee the second hall. To flnd the size of a numbered or lettered drill plane L el the number or Iener on lhe Drill Scale end reed the size u a decimal on lhe Log. Sale or u a freclinn on the fraction scale. Thus, an l l k the lhird division dockwlee from F. #Ill le
The Drill Scale

ln".

find vhe size of drill lo use for tapping a perfectly lull lhread use the Thread Scele. Se! l el 5 on the lng. Sale and S al the number of threads on the Thread Scale (either U. 5.5. or V form). Tum L until S le af the bolt size on the Fracfion Scale and l will give the drill size on me log., Frecrion, or Drill Scele, ee desired.
To

Whai drill ehould be used fur I l\0|e lo up a Vi". I3 U.S.$. Thread? Sel l el 5 on Qhe lag. Sale and S at lil on U.S.S. Thread Scale. Turn l until S is af V: on Franion Sale end L reeds 406' on log. Sale, I3/32 on Fraction Sale and Y on Drill Sale.
EXAMPLE:

Tep breakage le when caused by using I drill foo smell for the np. Therefore If the hole wlll glve e 'hreed ther le longer than iwlce 'he diameter of the ball, me I drill than il one or have or wrdughf lron, le lhe eine Iaqer #han given by the rule. A lerger hole may be drilled in

nal

metal flown into the thread while

npphg.