ASCT/EEE/LAB/BEE-10 (Thevenins Theorem)

EXPERIMENT NO. 10
AIM: To Verify Thevenins Theorem INSTRUMENTS RE UIRE!:
S. No. 1. &' $' *' Instruments Regulated o!er Su""l# Ammeter ((C) %oltmeter ((C) Conne+ting Leads Range 0-$0% 0-)A 0-$0% -Qty 1 1 & --

T"EOR#:
Thevenins theorem is ver# use,ul in anal#-ing the voltages in a net!or.' The theorem states that/ Any circuit having a number of voltage sources, resistances and open output terminals can be replaced by a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a single voltage source VTH in series with a resistance RTH, where the value of the voltage source is equal to the open circuit voltage across output terminals and resistance is equal to the resistance seen into the network across the output terminals ! Let the net!or. 0e re"resented 0# a 0lo+. in ,igure +onsist o, a +om"li+ated net!or.1 +ontaining some resistan+es and voltage sour+es' A++ording to thevenins theorem1 the entire net!or. +an 0e re"la+ed 0# a single sour+e %T2 !ith a series resistan+e RT21 as sho!n in ,igure' Thevenizing a circuit: Consider the net!or. as sho!n in ,igure A'

3e !ant to ,ind out the voltage %L a+ross RL and its +urrent 4L' To use Thevenins Theorem/ 5is+onne+t RL' The t!o o"en ends then 0e+ome terminals a 6 0' 7o! !e ,ind the thevenins e8uivalent 0et!een a 6 01 i'e' 9o"en the "art o, the +ir+uit to 0e anal#-ed and 9theveni-e: the remaining o, the +ir+uit +onne+ted to the t!o terminals:' 7o! aim is to ,ind %T2 a+ross a1 0 and RT2'

Diagram A

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ASCT/EEE/LAB/BEE-10 (Thevenins Theorem) A,ter dis+onne+ting RL1 the +ir+uit 0e+omes as sho!n in ,igure B' 7o! the voltage a+ross R& is same as o"en +ir+uit voltage a+ross a 6 0' There,ore; V R& VTH = Vab = VR & = ( R1 + R& ) Diagram B This voltage is "ositive at terminal a' 7o! to ,ind RT2/ dis+onne+t RL 6 short +ir+uit %' the +ir+uit 0e+omes as sho!n in ,igure C' The e8uivalent +ir+uit thus 0e+omes1 as sho!n in ,igure 5' 7o! to ,ind voltage %L a+ross RL1 +onne+t RL at terminals a-0' B# using voltage 5ivision ,ormula the remaining +ir+uit +an 0e solved'
V" = VTH R " RTH + R "

Diagram C

#" =

V" ' R"

PRO$E!URE:
Con,igure an# +ir+uit using resistan+es and voltage sour+es

Diagram D as

sho!n in ,igure' Aim is to +al+ulate voltage a+ross resistan+e R$ (a+ross terminals a 6 0)' 1' (a.e "o!er <7 to the +ir+uit' &' (easure voltage a+ross resistan+e R$1 %R$ = >>>>>> volts' $' ?sing Thevenins Theorem +al+ulate voltage a+ross terminals a 6 0 as under' a. Calculation o !T". Ta.e out resistan+e R$' (easure %T2 a+ross terminals a 6 0' %T2 = >>>>> volts'

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ASCT/EEE/LAB/BEE-10 (Thevenins Theorem)

$ ( R & + RA ) R1 + R& + RA + R@ + R* Com"are %T2 measured !ith %T2 +al+ulated (it should 0e same !ithin "ra+ti+al limitations)'
Theoreti+all#1 VTH = #. Calculation o RT": Short +ir+uit the Sour+e 9E: 6 ta.e out R$ to +al+ulate RT21 as sho!n in ,igure' ( R + RA )( R1 + R* + R@ ) RTH = & R& + RA + R1 + R* + R@ 7o! using Thevenins Theorem1 %oltage a+ross R$1 %AB is1
V A% = VR $ = VTH R$ RTH + R$

Com"are the voltage measured in ste"-& !ith voltage %R$'

O%SERVATION TA%&E:
S. No. 1. &' VT" RT"

RESU&T:
Both the values are +om"ara0le !ithin "ra+ti+al limitation' 2en+e1 Thevenins theorem is veri,ied'

PRE$AUTIONS:
1' Avoid an# loose +onne+tions' &' ?se instruments o, "ro"er range'

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