ADAPT-PT 10

Training
Manual
Version 0.0
1
Table of Contents
Page
1. Inta Consderatons
a. Pour Sequence and Stressng Condtons 4
b. Typca Span vs. Thckness 5
c. Cover Requrements 5-6
d. Loadng 7
2. Genera Settngs 7
3. Desgn Code 8
4. Desgn Settng 8
5. Span Geometry 9
6. Support Geometry and Stffness 10
7. Support Boundary Condtons 10-11
8. Loads 11
9. Matera-Concrete 11-12
10. Matera-Renforcement 12
11. Matera-Post-Tensonng 13
12. Base Non-Prestressed Renforcement 13
13. Crtera-Aowabe Stresses 13-14
14. Crtera-Recommended Post-Tensonng Vaues 14-15
15. Crtera-Cacuaton Optons 15
16. Crtera-Tendon Profe 15-16
17. Crtera-Cover/CGS 16
18. Crtera-Mnmum Bar Extenson 17
19. Crtera-Load Combnatons 17
20. P/T Recycng 17-18
21. Report 18-20
2
Ths manua was created to ntroduce new users to the bascs of
desgnng post-tensoned sabs, beams, and grders usng the ADAPT-
PT software from Adapt structura concrete software. Ths manua
shoud be used n con|uncton wth the CWI Desgn Gudenes for the
structura desgn of Parkng Factes. Ths manua s the soe property
and for the soe use of Car Waker, Incorporated and ts empoyees.
Any unapproved use or dstrbuton of ths manua s sub|ect to ega
acton.
For P/T garages, CWI typcay uses ADAPT for three man purposes:
Desgn of P/T Sabs
Desgn of P/T Beams/Grders
Anayss of defectons
As wth a engneerng software, the output you receve from
software shoud be vewed wth some skeptcsm. An mpropery
created fe s useess to the user. It may be a cch, but t s a
good remnder: garbage n/garbage out.
P/T garages w have a sope to aow for dranage. Ths means
that the T/beam eevatons w vary aong the ength of the
beam. CWI w not mode a sopng beam n ADAPT. The desgn
w be done for straght beams, uness there s an actua foor
offset.
3
1.0 Initial Considerations
A. Pour Sequence and Stressing Conditions
The nta step n the P/T desgn of a structure shoud aways
be the deveopment of a suggested pour sequence for
constructon. The suggested pour sequence shoud take nto
account many factors ncudng: pour szes, contractor fexbty,
ste mtatons, and pro|ect phasng. The pour sequence shoud
be we thought out so that the contractor can most effcenty
work hs way from the ground up and eventuay off the ste.
Ideay, the pour sze shoud be around 10,000 square feet.
A reasonabe upper mt for a pour s 15,000 square feet, whe a
ower mt of 5,000 square feet shoud be used. Smaer pours
can aways be combned, but arge pours shoud be avoded as
they w add cost due to addtona manpower and possbe
reworkng of the pour sequence.
If possbe, the pours shoud be arranged so that the
contractor has fexbty n choosng hs next pour. The engneer
shoud understand that once a pour has been made, the
stressng of the tendons may not occur for severa days (see
spec secton 03210, paragraph 3.4D for tme mt on stressng).
If another pour can be made durng ths tme frame, the
constructon schedue can be shortened. A pour strp coud be
added to aow more contractor fexbty, but the added cost of
the pour strp shoud be weghed aganst the potenta beneft.
Ste mtatons w sometmes dctate the pour sequence.
Be especay aware of exstng structures that may restrct
where the stressng of tendons can occur. Other ste mtatons
may nvove the ocatons where cranes and concrete pumpng
trucks w operate.
Many pro|ects w nvove speca phasng ssues that must
be addressed n the suggested pour sequence. Eary occupancy
of any part of the fna parkng structure s an ssue that shoud
be dscussed pror to the deveopment of the pour sequence. If
eary occupancy s requred, then the engneer must pay
attenton to the need for operatona star/eevator towers and an
operatona rampng system. Other potenta phasng
consderatons ncude: roadways and raways, constructon of
ad|acent budngs, and demoton of exstng budngs.
The engneer shoud aso understand that the contractor
may propose to change the pour sequence at a ater tme. A
dscamer shoud be ncuded statng that changes to the pour
sequence w requre addtona servces by the engneer. Refer
to exstng pro|ects for exampes of the wordng.
4
B. T!ical S!an "s. T#ic$ness
Most P/T sabs w fa wthn the range of 5 to 7 nches
thck; prmary because sabs ess than 5 nches may not have
adequate tendon profe, and sabs greater than 7 nches are
usuay to heavy. For moderate exposure condtons, a
depth/span rato of L/45 s used, and for severe exposure
condtons a depth/span rato of L/42 s used. Typca sab spans
woud be as foows:
Exposure Condition
Span
Southern
(L/45)
Northern
(L/42)
T" (actual) T" (actual)
18 5" (4!8") 5!5" (5!14")
2" 5!5" (5!##") $" (5!%1")
22 $" (5!8%") $!5" ($!2&")
24 $!5" ($!4") %" ($!8$")
2$ %" ($!&#") %!5" (%!4#")

Post Tensoned beams have severa varabes that must be
consdered n determnng ts sze. As a genera rue, most p/t
beams w be between 12-16" wde and 24-36" deep. For
nstances where the desgn snow oad s arge or f there s
andscape oadng the engneer shoud determne the depth and
wdth of the beam from a ADAPT run to ensure the foor to foor
heghts are adequate. To smpfy the process, a tabe was
deveoped beow whch sts beam depths for varous exposure
condtons, sab spans, and beam spans. In deveopng the tabe,
the foowng assumptons were made:
Southern Exposure Aowabe tense stress =
9(fc)1/2
Northern Exposure Aowabe tense stress =
6(fc)1/2
Short Span Sab L = 18-0"
Long Span Sab L - 26-0"
Beam Wdth 14"-16"
Exposure Condition
Span
Southern
(L/45)
Northern
(L/42)
5$ 28'#" #"'#2
58 #"'#2 #2'#4
$" #2'#4 #4'#$
$2 #4'#$ #$'#8

As a genera rue, grders w be 6 to 8 nches wder than
the beams to accommodate the ncreased number of p/t
anchorages.
C. Co"er %equire&ents
5
Provdng adequate cover for durabty reasons s
dscussed thoroughy n chapter 4.4 of the desgn gudenes.
The engneer shoud estabsh the proper cover vaues to ensure
adequate durabty pror to performng any desgn cacuatons.
Another cover requrement that must be addressed pror to
desgn s the fre-resstance ratng. The requred fre-resstance
ratng generay has the unts of hours and s dctated by the
governng budng code. The foowng dscusson s based on
the IBC. The engneer shoud use the greater cover of ether
durabty or fre-resstance n the desgn.
1. Estabsh whether you have an open or encosed parkng
garage. If the structure does not meet the requrements
for an open parkng garage then s t defned as an
encosed parkng garage. For open parkng garages,
proceed to step 2. For encosed parkng garages proceed
to step 3.
2. Determne the type of constructon by usng Tabe 406.3.5.
Snce garages are generay constructed from non-
combustbe materas, the type of constructon w fa nto
one of fve possbe categores: IA, IB, IIA, IIB, or IV. If the
area of a ter exceeds 50,000 square feet or the structure
exceeds 8 ters then the engneer must proceed up the
tabe from type IIB unt both the ter area and the number
of ters for the structure does not exceed the tabuated
vaues.
3. Determne the type of constructon by usng Tabe 503.
The occupancy group s S-2 per secton 311.3. Snce
garages are generay constructed from non-combustbe
materas, the type of constructon w fa nto one of the
fve categores: I, II, III, IV, or V. The engneer w need to
fnd the category that aows the area of each ter and
number of ters for the garage. Aso the overa heght
shoud not be exceeded for the type of constructon.
4. Determne the fre-resstance ratng n hours. Enter tabe
601 wth the constructon type estabshed n ether step 2
or 3 and read the appcabe fre-resstance ratng for foor
constructon.
5. Determne the requred cover for structura eements.
Enter Tabe 720.1(1) wth the fre-resstance ratng
determned n step 4. The amount of concrete cover s
tabuated for dfferent foor members and the dfferent fre-
resstance ratng vaues. It s mportant for the engneer to
note the dfference between restraned and unrestraned
members. A restraned member s any nteror span of a
contnuous sab, beam or grder. End spans are generay
6
consdered unrestraned and are therefore sub|ect to more
strngent cover requrements.
D. 'oading
The fna consderaton before proceedng nto the actua
desgn of P/T members s the oadng that w be paced on the
members durng ther servce fe. The engneer shoud revew
the appcabe budng code provsons on ve oad reducton and
snow oad. The IBC does not aow any reducton n ve oad for
foor members n parkng garages. Be carefu when examnng
oder pro|ects that may have been desgned for ve oad
reducton or a dfferent ve oad than s specfed today.
Snow oadng shoud be cacuated usng the budng code
procedure and added to the parkng ve oad for any member
that s exposed to the sky. There fore the top ter w requre
separate ADAPT runs from typca ters. Refer to aowabe
stresses for members wth snow oadng vs. members wthout
snow oadng.
(.0 )eneral Settings
When a user opens ADAPT-PT they w seect a new fe. The frst thng
a user w need to do s enter the genera settngs of the current
desgn fe. Ths s the ocaton where you can name your fe (.e. Grd
5 A-B). The user can seect what type of member they woud ke to
desgn (.e. sab, beam). The user s gven two optons for the
geometry nput, conventona and segmenta. A conventona
geometry nput s used when the beam w have a contnuous wdth,
depth, and effectve fange. If the beam w have a dfferent wdth,
depth, or effectve fange wdth aong ts span the user w need to
seect the segmenta geometry nput. The CWI standard s to consder
effectve fange wdth n bendng (for beams and grders).
7
Figure 1 General Settings
*.0 Design Code
Ths screen s pretty sef expanatory. The user w need to seect the
desgn code that w be used for ther pro|ect.
Figure 2 Design Code
+.0 Design Setting
The executon mode shoud be set to nteractve. Ths w aow the
desgner the opton to modfy the fna effectve force and tendon
profe durng the executon process. The CWI standard s to reduce
the moments to the face of support. Be aware that speca
crcumstances may arse when ths s not the case. The CWI standard
s to not re-dstrbute moments durng the desgn process. The CWI
standard s to ,-T ncrease the moment of nerta over the support.
8
Figure 3 Design Settings
..0 S!an )eo&etr
Ths s the screen where the user nputs a of the span propertes. The
user w need to defne the effectve fange wdth (for T-beams) based
on the current ACI-318. The eft and rght mutpers are used to
dctate the amount of the effectve fange on each sde of the beam
stem. For an L-Beam, the mutpers woud be 1 and 0. The user w
nput the effectve fange wdth for bf. The next screen w aow the
user to check the effectve fange wdth based on ADAPT-PTs ACI-318
effectve fange wdth. Adapt does not center to center spacng of
beams for effectve fange wdth. That means f Adapt shows a hgher
effectve fange wdth the user nput may be ok. The effectve fange
wdth shoud be based on the user nput and not Adapts be. We do
not use the fange wdth for bf because ADAPT w use ths vaue n
cacuatng the centrod of the beam, whch s ncorrect.
Figure 4 Span Geometry
9
Figure 5 Effective Flange Widts
/.0 Su!!ort )eo&etr and Stiffness
Ths screen w aow the user to nput the sze and stffness of the
supports condtons. For a sab the user the user w seect the opton
of ower wa. The wa heght sha be set to zero. The dmenson B
shoud be set to the wdth of the desgn sab strp, whe D shoud be
set to the beam wdth. For a beam supported by a grder the user
woud seect the opton to use no coumns. Ths aows the beam to be
desgned for the reduced moment at the face of the grder, snce the
user w nput the wdth of the grder as the D, whe the B s the beam
wdth. If the beam s supported by coumns the user w seect the
correct support seecton of ether both coumns or ower coumn. The
user can nput a percentage of stffness to use for the coumns. It s
typca for CWI to assume 70% when desgnng the coumns, so the
user woud nput 70 for the stffness to accuratey moda the desgned
condton. When nputtng the ength for the ower coumns on the frst
supported eve the desgner shoud not forget to ncude the addtona
dstance to the top of footng.
Figure ! Support Geometry and Stiffness
10
0.0 Su!!ort Boundar Conditions
At ths screen the user w then seect the boundary condtons for the
supports. CWI typcay checks the SW box. The user must ensure that
the dmensons for the supports are correct on the prevous screen.
The user then can seect whether the support s pnned or fxed.
Typcay CWI assumes a pnned connecton at the top of footng. The
CWI standard s to not consder fu fxty at the ends of the sab/beam.
Ths w aow the program to determne the moments based on the
reatve stffness of the frame eements. Ony n certan stuatons,
such as a stff shear wa as a support, woud the desgner seect ths
opton.
Figure " Support #oundary Conditions
1.0 'oads
Ths s the screen where the user w nput the oads apped to the
beam/sab. CWI standard s to skp the ve oad wth a skp factor of 1,
but the user shoud verfy ths wth the appcabe budng code. For
concrete structures the unt weght s set to 150 pcf. For sabs the user
can ether use the ncude sef weght opton or not. If the user
chooses not to ncude sef weght they must ensure they ncude t as
a Dead oad. For beams the user w not ncude the sef weght
opton. Ths s because the program w cacuate the weght based on
the effectve fange and ths w not ncude the entre oadng from the
sab. The user then can nput oads as SW, SDL, LL, and X.
11
Figure $ %oads
2.0 Material-Concrete
The CWI standard s to use cynder nformaton. The user w nput
the correct concrete strengths and moduus of eastcty for both the
beams/sab and coumns. The creep coeffcent s set to 2, whch s the
CWI standard. The CWI standard s to set the fc to 3000 ps for
beams and 2500 ps for sabs.
Figure & Concrete
10.0 Material-%einforce&ent
The user w specfy the type of renforcement to be used for the
pro|ect. The standard s fy=60 ks, E= 29000 ks. For beams and
grders the top and bottom bars shoud be seected as #11. Ths
aows the user to seect any sze bar for the md renforcement
wthout re-cacuatng the effectve depth of the secton. For sabs ths
shoud be set to #5 bars, as CWI typcay tres to mt the sze of bars
n sabs to #5. The preferred strrup sze can be nputted at ths
screen. When seectng a strrup sze the user must ensure the bends
can be made to ft n the beam sze you have chosen (typcay CWI
12
uses #4 strrups). It s typca for CWI to use 4 egs n beams greater
than or equa to 36" wde.
Figure 1' (einforcement
11.0 Material-Post-Tensioning
CWI uses unbonded post tensonng n C.I.P. garages. The typca
nputs are as foows: area=.153 n2, fpu= 270 ks, and fse= 175 ks.
There maybe some occasons when dfferent post-tensonng woud be
used.
Figure 11 )ost*+ensioning
1(.0 Base ,on-Prestressed %einforce&ent
The CWI standard s to seect no.
1*.0 Criteria-Allo3able Stresses
13
Ths s the screen where the user w nput the aowabe stresses for
an eement. For sabs the tenson stresses are as foows: nta = 3
ks, fna= 6 ks. If the sab s to support paza oads (hot-apped
waterproofng must be used) the aowabe stress can be ncrease from
6 ks to 9 ks. For beams the foowng stresses are to be used: nta=
3 ks, sustaned=tota= 7.5 ks (for unreduced ve oad). For beams
that have Paza oadng (hot-apped waterproofng must be used) the
tota and sustaned stress can be 10 ks. Compresson stresses sha
be 0.6fc for nta stresses, 0.45fc for sustaned stresses, and 0.6fc
for tota stresses.
Figure 12 ,llo-a.le stresses
1+.0 Criteria-%eco&&ended Post-Tensioning Values
The next screen aows the user to nput the recommended post
tensonng vaues. For sabs the mnmum pre-compresson vaue sha
be 150 ps for Zone 1 and 180 ps for Zone 2 & 3. The maxmum pre-
compresson vaue sha be 500 ps for a zones. The mnmum and
maxmum percentage of dead oad s to be set at 25% and 85%
14
respectvey. These vaues can be atered, but defectons must be met
to ensure proper dranage and defecton crtera are met. For
beams/grders the mnmum pre-compresson sha be 150 ps for Zone
1 and 200 ps for Zone 2 &3. The maxmum pre-compresson sha be
set to 500 ps for beams and 999 ps for grders. These maxmums can
be ncreased but the user must ensure that the end vew deta can be
constructed (ths s typca even f the maxmum pre-compresson s
not exceeded.). The mnmum and maxmum percentage of dead oad
s to be set at 25% and 85% respectvey. These vaues can be atered,
but defectons must be met to ensure proper dranage and defecton
crtera are met.
Figure 13 (ecommended )ost*+ensioning /alues
1..0 Criteria-Calculation -!tions
The CWI standard s to seect the force opton method. Ths aows the
user to seect the fna effectve force. CWI assumes that a tendon w
have a fna effectve force of 27 kps (1/2" dameter tendon). The
force the user w nput w be a mutpe of 27.
1/.0 Criteria-Tendon Profile
The CWI standard s to use a reverse paraboa tendon profe. The
nfecton ponts w be at the 1/12
th
ponts (.e. X1/L=X3/L=1/12=.083,
X2/L=0.5). The defaut extenson of a termnated tendon as a fracton
of the span shoud be set to 0.2. Ths matches the CWI standard of
extendng add tendons to L/5 of the ad|acent span. The shape of the
tendon extenson shoud be set to Downward Paraboa; Anchor at the
centrod. If the user woud ke to specfy a dfferent tendon profe
they must be carefu to propery show t on the drawngs and make
sure the P/T supper has propery accounted for the dfferent profe n
the shop drawng process. CWI w typcay try to avod usng
15
aternatve profes to mt the possbtes of mstakes durng
constructon.
Figure 14 +endon )rofile
10.0 Criteria-Co"er4C)S
Ths s the screen where the user w nput the mnmum cear cover to
the bottom and top md renforcement. They w aso nput the
mnmum dstance to the CGS from the top and bottom fbers. It s
mportant to ncude the effect of bundng when nputtng the
mnmum dstance to the CGS. For exampe a garage n zone 3 w
have a mnmum cear cover of 3". If we assume there w be bunded
tendons the mnmum CGS coud be 3"+1/2"=3 ", CWI w use a
CGS=4". CWI w typcay round ths number to the nearest whoe
number for beams and grders. The cear covers and CGS w come
from the appcabe codes.
16
Figure 15 Cover0CGS
11.0 Criteria-Mini&u& Bar 56tension
Ths screen s not used by CWI. The user can use the defaut settngs.
The user w ensure from the report the cutoff engths and extensons
of the bars. For beams the typca detas w most key contro the
cutoff and extensons. For sabs the user w determne the ocaton
that stee s no onger needed and from ths determne the ength of
the renforcement bars. The user must aso ensure that the mnmum
engths have aso been met.
12.0 Criteria-'oad Co&binations
The user w nput the appcabe oad combnatons. The user shoud
remember to ncude the dead oad ony case. CWI w use the oad X
for snow oadng and the oad combnatons shoud refect ths. For
each oad case the user must set the factor for HYP=1 (post-
tensonng). For the nta oadng condton the user w set the PT
force to 1.25. Inta oad factors shoud be determned by the amount
of each oad case that w be present at the tme of stressng (LL=0).
The oad combnatons and strength reducton factors w be
determned by the appcabe code. The user w enter atera oad
combnatons and moments for a appcabe beams/grders. The user
shoud determne the sgn conventon n ADAPT and enter the atera
moments correcty. Aso the user must remember to seect whether
the atera moments are reversbe.
17
Figure 1! %oad Com.inations
(0.0 PT %eccling
Ths s the screen where the user w determne the fna effectve
force and tendon profe requred for the oadng condton. The user
shoud seek to optmze the beams by mnmzng the amount of post-
tensonng requred and ncreasng the tendon drape. The user shoud
aso use a PT force that s a mutpe of 27. The user must have the
ordnate at the CGC at ocatons of stressng. Ths ncudes
constructon |onts and beam ends. Add tendons can be ncuded n
two ways. The frst s to use a snge tendon path. Ths aows the user
to specfy dfferent PT forces for dfferent spans. The next opton s to
ncude the mutpe tendon paths. Ths w requre the user to nput
nformaton nto mutpe Tendons (.e Tendon A, B, C). The user needs
to make sure the same profe s kept for each set of tendons n the
same spans. The user needs to make sure that are crtera are met.
Ths s shown by the green ok near the upper eft corner. The PT force
max and baanced dead oad are aowed to be NG. However the user
must ensure that the end anchorages can be constructed and the
defecton mts are met. For nta stresses the compresson must be
ok before the user s to move on to the report. The tenson stresses
can be sghty hgher than aowed. The user w |ust requre
addtona md stee n these ocatons, whch s shown n the report.
There are mutpe tabs on ths screen. To see the actua stresses
seect the extreme fber stresses tab. Here you can determne how
cose to the aowabe stress you are. When the desgner has a beam
and grder ntersecton where both sets of tendons woud ke a hgh
ordnate over the coumn the desgner shoud be cautous on seectng
the ordnates for the grder. The desgner needs to ensure that the
beam tendons can pass over the grder tendons.
18
Figure 1" )+ (ecycling
(1.0 %e!ort
At ths pont the user w have defned the fna effectve force and
tendon profe for each beam/sab span. In the report sectons 1-4
aow the user to check and verfy ther nputs. For beams supported
by grders the user w need to use sectons 5.2 and 5.4 to determne
the pont oads apped to each grder. When seectng the ve oad
pont oad the user w seect the maxmum vaue. The user w aso
need to use secton 7.6 to determne the pont oads apped to the
grder from the tendons. Secton 10 w not be used by the engneer.
Ths secton provdes the md stee requred, however the user w
determne the amount of md stee at a ater pont from the report.
The next secton s secton 12. Ths s the secton that ADAPT reports
on the shear desgn. It s mportant for the user to remember the sze
and number of egs they seected n the nput process. Ths screen w
nform the user on the maxmum spacng at 1/20
th
ponts aong the
beam. IF you are desgnng a sab there shoud be no requred shear
renforcng. The user must make sure that f the program nforms the
user of requred shear renforcng that t s true for sabs. The program
w provde requred shear spacng but ndcate t woud be ony
appcabe to beams. The CWI standard s to provde #4 shear
renforcement at: 3@2", 8@6", BAL@24" for nteror spans (T-Beams)
19
and 3@2", 8@6", BAL@12" for exteror spans (L-Beams). The next
secton provdes the defectons from each oad and the fna ong term
defecton. CWI tres to mt the ong term defecton to L/400 to L/500.
Ths aows the dranage to st propery work aong the ength of the
beam. If the defecton s greater than L/500 the desgner shoud
ensure that proper dranage can st be acheved. The next secton
(secton 21) aows the user to determne the heght of the tendon
profe aong the ength of the span. Ths s used to determne the
dstance from supports that the constructon |onts are paced for sabs.
It aso aows the user to determne the CGS of the tendons at
constructon |onts. The CGS of the tendons needs to be near the CGC
at constructon |onts to aow a of the anchorages to ft propery. The
CGS can dffer sghty from the CGC but the desgner w need to
perform a cacuaton (CWI has a MathCAD fe to perform ths) to
determne the nta stresses at the constructon |ont. The desgner
w then need to use Secton 29 Detaed Rebar to desgn the md
stee of the beams/sabs. Ths secton w provde the desgner wth
the cacuated requred rebar and the mnmum requred rebar aong
the span ength. The user then can seect the sze and number of bars
to acheve ths requred rebar. For sabs the user w determne the
ength from the support (pus deveopment) that a bar s requred and
verfy ths s not shorter than the mnmum requred ength. For a
beam/grder the user w verfy that the requred rebar w match the
typca beam detas for the ocatons of rebar. The CWI standard s to
provde a mnmum of 2#4 bars at the top of the beam n the center of
the span and 3#6 bars at the bottom of the beam at the support. If
four egs of strrups are used there w need to be 4#4 at the top and
4#6 used. Snce ths s a P/T garage the user shoud try to mt the
amount of renforcng bars to aow the P/T tendons more access to ft
nsde the beam/grder cage.
20
Figure 1$ (eport Generator
%eferences7
21
1. "Anayss and Desgn of Post-Tensoned Budngs Beams, Sabs,
and Snge Story Frames." ADAPT Corporaton. Redwood Cty,
CA. 2004.
2. "Budng Code Requrements for Structura Concrete and
Commentary." Amercan Concrete Insttute. Farmngton H, MI.
2002.
3. "Internatona Budng Code." Internatona Code Counc.
Country Cub Hs, IL. 2006.
4. "Post-Tensoned Desgn Gudenes" Car Waker, Inc.
Kaamazoo, MI.
5. ADAPT-PT Hep Menu.
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