GENEVA MECHANISM

A Project Report Submitted by Mr. ______________ Mr. ______________ Mr.______________ Mr. ______________ ROLL NO ROLL NO ROLL NO ROLL NO

In partial fulfillment for the requirement of the degree of

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
While presenting this project, we are glad to convey our thanks to the people who guided us and help us at every stage of our project. We deeply acknowledge the support of our Head of Department Prof.Mr.xxxxx for his valuable input and constant guidance in successful completion of our project. We also thank our principal Profxxxxxx for their support. We also thank our internal project guide Profxxxxxxxx and for giving their valuable time and guiding us throughtout in the development of our project. We express our sincere gratitude to the librarian who has provided her co-operation towards the completion of reference work. efore concluding , we would like to thank all our fellow students and friends who have directly or indirectly helped in completing this project work.

PRO JECTEES

INDEX

1. INTRODUCTION 2. DETAIL INFORMATION 3. DESIGN 4. DETAIL DRAWING 5. ASSEMBLY DRAWING 6. MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHART . COST ESTIMATION !. CONCLUSION ". REFERENCES

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION
1. Now days, there is lot of competition in the market. So there is need

of developing a new method or process for effective manufacturing. That process or methods should fulfill the requirement about accuracy Productivity etc. . various "ays by which the total matching time can be effectively minimi#ed. There are various time consuming steps or sub process, which can be, minimi#e by various methods. !n mass production the time criteria is !t is necessary to reduce the total matching time. There are

very important. "ithin small time limit, a single unit $ob has to be completed. %or minimi#ing the $ob time, the handling of the $ob should be minimum. So that labor time considerably saved.

%orm minimi#ing the handling time& we introduce the attachment for drilling as well as milling machine for the operation. Suppose for one $ob ', there are number of sequential operation such as drilling, counter sinking, tapping, step drilling, reaming that can be effectively perform by one after another with

greater accuracy ( at faster rate. %or drilling square plate or circular plate by hand process, we have to mark all position and then only we can able to drill equidistance hole on circular plate. 'ut by this attachment, there is only first initial making is required. Then automatically equipped, equispaced can by drilled by drilling machine. This attachment is very useful for small)scale industry as well as workshop.

G#$#%& M#'(&$)*+,With the introduction of 4 and 5 level polysilicon surface micromachining technology by the Sandia National Laboratories, a whole new range of mechanisms have been made possible at the micro level !rimary amongst these are the micro engines that have, in turn, been used in a variety of applications Since the output of a micro engine is some sort of a continuous motion, most of the applications so far using micro engines have been restricted to similar "inds of motion In this paper, we discuss the details of design and fabrication of a mechanism called the #eneva Wheel mechanism, using which, and continuous motion can be converted into intermittent motion $ conversion technique li"e this can be made use of in a variety of applications such as discredited positioning of micro mirrors in optical switching applications

%he name derives from the device&s earliest application in mechanical watches, Swit'erland and #eneva being an important center of watchma"ing %he geneva drive is also commonly called a (altese cross mechanism due to the visual resemblance

In the most common arrangement, the driven wheel has four slots and thus advances for each rotation of the drive wheel by one step of )*+ If the driven wheel has n slots, it advances by ,-*+.n per full rotation of the drive wheel

/ecause the mechanism needs to be well lubricated, it is often enclosed in an oil capsule

PRNCIPLE & THEORY

THEORY
1. Now we have to introduce the attachment for the drilling machine 0otary inde1ing2 for drilling machine to over come said errors in conventional machines

In this, is try to implement 4#eneva wheel machine2 which gives higher accuracy

5sing this attachment, it will be able drill holes one by one simultaneously with certain time delay in between the drilling operation with small angle of twist 6*7 and equipage

8%his is specially the need of manufacturing firms for mass production 9

PRINCIPLE

%he basic principle that has ta"en into account for the attachment on drilling

machine is 8%he conversion of rotary motion into intermittent motion9 %he #eneva mechanism gives higher accuracy %he inde1ing of the #eneva wheel are important because of the slot of the #eneva wheel are increased or decreased because inde1ing is depends on the slot

%here are many instance where it is necessary to convert continuous rotary motion intermittent rotary motion Such motion requirements generally e1it in machine tools where spindle, turret or wor"table is to be inde1ed %he motion picture pro:ector also demands intermittent motion to advanced the film intermittently

#eneva wheel or is one of the mechanism, which generate intermittent motion %his mechanism was originally developed as chec" to prevent overweening of watches

<igure shows #eneva wheel it is provided with four solt %he cran", which usually rotates at uniform velocity, carries a roller that engages with slots of #eneva wheel Notice that the centerlines of the slots and cran"s are manually operated particularly when the roller and slot engage or disengage during one rotation of cran" %he #eneva wheel rotates the fractional part of rotation depending upon the number of slots

It is necessary to provide the loc"ing device, which will not allow the #eneva wheel to rotate when the roller is not engagement %his loc"ing device has a generally circular segment, this loc"ing device has a generally circular segment attached to the cran" as shown in figure %hese loc"ing devices also position the #eneva wheel for correct engagement of the roller with the ne1t slot %he #eneva wheel typically has three to eighteen slots

2. DETAIL INFORMATION

C/$*012'0)/$ 3 W/14)$5

1. GENE6A WHEEL MECHANISM

%he basic structure of a four slot #eneva wheel is shown in <ig = %he

system consists of a constantly rotating dis" coupled with a slotted dis", which gives rise to the desired discrete motion $ rotation of 3p radians of the former causes 3p.N radians of rotation of the latter, where N is the number of slots available on the slotted dis" %hus, one complete rotation of the slotted wheel requires N complete rotations of the other dis", thereby also increasing the total time period %he conversion mechanism of this dis" system is as follows 0eferring to <ig =, pinwheel W rotates constantly about a1is $ and as shown below, has a pin 4a2 attached to it %his pin 4a2 engages into the slots s 2of the #eneva Wheel # 6a basic 4> slot #eneva mechanism is shown here7 and rotates it as long as it is engaged with the slot While the wheel W rotates continuously, the #eneva wheel # has a discrete rotation about a1is 4b2 Wheel # has a rotation time period of tr when it is moving along with

dis" W and an idling time period ti, when the pin 4a2 is not inside one of the slots 4s2 and is moving freely %he three quarter wheel 4L2 is placed in order to prevent any unintentional rotation of wheel # while it is idling <or a four slot #eneva mechanism, the rotation time period tr is one third the idling time period ti /y varying the number of slots on #, one can vary the time period and the angular displacement of the same If this system is now coupled with some optical system li"e a micro mirror 6through a rac" and pinion "ind of arrangement7, then it can be used to deflect light rays in different directions 6by discretely positioning the moving mirror by using the discrete angular positions of the #eneva wheel7 thereby giving rise to an optical switching technique

In the following sections, four slot and si1 slot #eneva wheels have been analy'ed and a design layout has been provided $long the same lines, multiple slot wheels can be designed %he basic criterion that has to be maintained in designing any number of slotted #eneva wheel is that, the pin has to enter and leave the slots radially %his will again be discussed in detail in the following sections

3. DISCUSSION

Summari'ing, #eneva wheel mechanism can be an e1cellent mechanism for obtaining intermittent motion from a continuously moving source %he system is simple to lay out and can be fabricated using the standard Summit process $lso depending on the application, the time period and the discrete motion can be varied by varying the number of slots in the #eneva wheel It can be seen from the graphs that even though the fractional transmitted torque increases as the number of slots increase, the velocity curve drops down %his is because even though the transmitted torque has increased, it acts over a much shorter period of time %he frictional force seems to remain fairly constant as the number of slots is increased

Li"e in parallel processing type, here also each :ob is finished in the respective station where it was loaded %he set of cutting tools, mostly fed only a1ially along a face of the ram continuously wor" on the same blan" throughout its one cycle of rotation along with the spindle carrier %he tool ram having same tool sets on its faces also rotate simultaneously along with the spindle carrier which after each rotation halts for a while for unloading the finished :ob and loading a fresh blan" at a particular location Such system is also suitable for :obs requiring very few and simple machining operations

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATION

Advantages
1. !t minimi#es the $obs handling time of ideal time. . !t minimi#es the man power requirement. *. +ost of this attachment is comparatively less. ,. !t increases the efficiency of machine ( productivity -. !t.s maintenance is low /. !t.s accuracy and repeatability is highly effective 0. !t is effectively used on drilling machine as well as milling machine

Limitati n
1. The proper clamping arrangement should be required for clamping the $ob. . There is restriction in number of intermediate motion because number of motion depends upon number of slots on 1eneva driver wheel, number of slots ma2imum can be possible eighteen.

3. DESIGN

Design
Design of Geneva
3 r1 rp e 5 b # 8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 radius of 1eneva "heel radius of driving crank radius of driven pin center distance semi inde2ing angle 6driven7 semi inde2ing angle 6driver7 number of slots on the driven disk angular velocity of driving crank, assume to be constant

n4speed of rotation of crank, rpm. 94angle of locking

:ere, t 4 time if inde2ing, sec ;ur time of inde2ing time4-sec. Speed of the driven wheel <ssuming number of slots on 1eneva wheel4,

There for time required for complete one revolution of driven wheel 4 ,=-4 >sec Therefore speed of driven wheel, > sec)1 revolutions /> sec ?* revolutions Therefore N driven 4* rpm Speed of driver 4 *=,41 rpm ;3 Smin N4/>@- 4 1 rpm ! 4 gear ratio or reduction ratio 4 ! 4 - Nmotor @ Ndriver 4 Nmotor @ 1 t4/>@N

Nmotor4/>rpm %or A4, a7 Semi inde2ing angle 6driven7 4 5 4 ,- B b7 1ear ratio 6C7 i.e. ratio driving crank Speed of 1eneva wheel 1D1 c7 !nde2ing Time ratio 4 E 4 6A) 7 @ 6 A7 4,? 4 >. d7 Semi inde2ing <ngle 6driver crank7 4 F4 G 6A4 7 4 G 6,) 7@ H, 4 G@, e7 %or entry without shock, 63@e7 4 sin G @# @ 2, ))))))6PS17 )))))))6PS17

63@e74 sin G@, 4 >.0>0 f7 Now, on the basic of space available, we assume center distance 6e7 4 *-mm 63@C74>.0>0H*3adius of 1eneva4 -mm :ence, Iiameter of 1eneva wheel 4 ->mm g7 <ngle of locking 697 4 6974 G@A 6AJ 7 4 G @, 6,J 7 4 h7 Smin 4 0>B 34 -mm.

distance between the center of 1eneva wheel radii of

curvature of slot on wheel %rom PS1 Smin 4 >. K K e

where, e 4 *-mm Smin Smin 4 4 *-H>. K K 1> mm

Length of slot is 1Mmm and thickness is 1> mm

Selection of Motor
Ntd ? net torque on driven shaft Ntf ? frictional torque on driven wheel ! ? mass moment of inertia of all attached masses reflected to driven Shaft N ? efficiency of 1eneva Nechanism 4 >.K"hen the driven shaft mounted is mounted on antifriction bearings

Nti ? inertia torque on driven shaft <ssuming Ntf 4 > Ntd 4 Ntf J Nti Ntd 4 Nti Nti 4 1 .5 d

! 4mk 4 *>H6>.>-7 4 >.0- Og.m

subsitituting ! and 5d Nti 4 >.>0- H K.M1 H 1.-/ - 4 1.1,K/ H 1> * N mm Nti 4 mtd 6wd@w761@n7 4 1.1,K H >.*1,@1. -7 H 61@>.K-7

Nti 4 >.*>* Nm !nstantaneous power required on the driving shaft N 4 6Nt w@0-7:.P. 4 6>.*>* H >.*1,7@04 >.>>1 0 :.P.

%rom this selecting the motor having the large power than that of 6N 4 >.>>1 07 :.P.

So selecting the synchronous motor having power capacity 4 !"!!# H"P.

4.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS CHART

1) Table Manufacturing !art Name?> /ase table @ty?> =Nos (aterial?>35A35B5>Length !late?> Sr. No. Process 4L2 angle 35143 cut at e1act si'e given in to drawing Dutting of base plate M/C Used Cutting tool Time

Dutting machine

=C

Dutting wheel

,* min

Shearing machine

3C

Dutting blade 5* min

,C

Welding of table

Welding machine

$rc welding rod ,* min

4C

Welding of support of engine

Welding machine

$rc welding rod 4* min

P&10 N&+# 7 G#$#%& 8(##9 (aterial E ( S 6sheet7 0aw material si'e E 3=* B 3=* B , Weight E = *5* "g

S1. N/. = 3 , 4

O:#1&0)/$ Dutting raw material si'e from sheet (ar"ing as per drawing %urning for 3*Fmm as per drawing Grilling 3,mm throughout as per drawing Slot cutting as per fig 0emove sharp corners

M;C 2*#< Shearing (.D > Lathe (.D Lathe (.D

T//9 2*#< > (ar"er, !unch, hammer Single plate cutting tool Grill H boring (.D

T)+# =+)$. =* =5 =5 =5

5 -

(illing (.D >

Ind (ill <ile

4* =*

P&10 N&+# 7 C1&$4 (aterial E ( S sheet 0aw material si'e E 5* B =** B , Weight E * *- "g

S1. N/. = 3 , 4 5

O:#1&0)/$ Dutting material from sheet according to si'e (ar"ing as per drawing Grilling as per drawing Dutting as per mar"ing 0emove sharp edges

M;C 2*#< Shearing (.D > Grilling (.D Shearing (.D >

T//9 2*#< > (ar"er, punch, hammer Grill > <ile

T)+# =+)$. =* =* =5 =* =*

Gear Material M.S. Disc Sr. No. Activity 1 Cutting of Material at size of dra ing $ %acing of the disc of &ig gear " ( * , + ).D. disc turning

Machine Cutting machine 'athe machine

Qty- 1 nos Tool Time !lade "# Side tool Side tool Side tool Drill Side tool Side tool Side mill (# "# $# 1+ (# (# +#

of 'athe machine

)ther side facing 'athe of the disc machine Center hole 'athe drilling of disc machine %acing of small 'athe gear shaft machine ).D. Turning of 'athe the shaft machine Side milling of the Milling rac. machine

5. COST ESTIMATION

 COSTING !

%otal cost of pro:ect J Std (aterial Dost K 0aw (aterial Dost K(achining Dost K $ssembly Dost KLther Dost

Std. Material Cost !

Std (aterial Dost J Ilectric (otor K /earing J =4** K ;F* J 3=F* .> "a# Material Cost !

0aw (aterial Dost J /earing housing K #ear K %able K #eneva K Shaft K !ulley K 0oller K Square bar J 5)* K FF* K 4** K 3** K 4** K 3** K -** K =** J ,,;*

Mac$ining Cost !

(achining Dost J(illing K #rinding K Grilling K Welding K Lathe

J 5**K 4** K -** K =3** K =,3* J 4*3*.>

%ssembl& Cost !

$ssembly DostJ 3,3** .>

Ot$er Cost !

Lther Dost J 3,,** .>

Total cost !

%otal cost J Std (aterial Dost K 0aw (aterial Dost K (achining Dost K $ssembly Dost K Lther Dost J3=F* K ,,;* K 4*3* K33** K3,** J =4,*;* .>

6.

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES