MOC for Sulphuric Acid Sulphuric Acid is highly corrosive, dense and colourless liquid. It is highly reactive acid.

It is used in various industries mainly in fertilizer, phosphorous based, nitration, sulphonation and metal industries. For Storage Tanks: - These may be carbon steel, provided that the corrosion allowance of between 3mm and 6 mm above the design wall thickness can be accommodated. Discharge nozzles should be AISI type 316L (17% Cr, 8% Ni). For piping: - Ductile iron for large diameter piping. For piping having internal diameter of 7.6 cm or less should be of AISI 304L (18% Cr, 8% Ni) or AISI 316L (17% Cr, 8% Ni). For Valves and Pumps: - Type UNS J92800 (19% Cr, 11% Ni, 2.5% Mo) and CN-7M (20% Cr, 29% Ni, 2.5% Mo, 3.5%Cu) are used were acid flows with high velocities. CD4-MCU (26% Cr, 5% Ni, 2% Mo, and 3% Cu) can also be used at little additional cost. For Tankers: - Lightweight road tanker construction favours SS either AISI 304L or AISI 316L. Tankers made from these alloys can carry wide range of products and are easy to clean and reduce the hazards of product contamination. The steel may be lined with Kynar or Teflon. Alloy 20 (20% Cr, 37.5% Ni, 2.5% Mo and 3.5% Cu) can also be used. What are the types of plastics used for food packaging? a. Cellophane b. Polyethylene c. Polypropylene d. Polyesters e. Polyvinyl chloride f. Polystyrene g. Polyamide h. Ethylene vinyl alcohol Explain various properties of materials for the selection of MOC in chemical process industries A. Static properties a. Tensile Strength b. Ductility c. Brittleness d. Hardness e. Damping capacity level B. Dynamic Properties a. Temperature resistant b. Machinability c. Weld ability

d. Corrosion resistant e. Conductivity C. Cost

What are the factors required to determine choice of material. Explain in detail.

Explain in detail the MOC of process equipment.

Discuss the properties and application of ceramics. A. Properties: i. Mechanical properties: a. Hardness and resistant to wear b. Tensile strength c. Compressive strength ii. iii. iv. v. vi. Electrical properties Chemical properties Thermal properties Optical properties Nuclear properties

What is glass? What are its properties and engineering applications?

Explain degradation of ceramics in detail. Ceramics can degrade in many ways a. They can wrap overtime, especially if exposed to high temperature b. They can start to obtain surface cracks called dozlers and thus can cause the ceramic to crack over time or even shatter. c. Constant breaking on ceramic breaking discs can cause disc to expand and increase in density. Here the particles in the ceramic gets stretched and internal fractures occur, these are known as Shondzers

Explain the corrosion in ceramics

Corrosion is generally understood as property degradation due to environmental attack. There are a number of environments in which ceramics can degrade at a rapid rate. Ceramics are indeed much more environmentally stable, as compared to any other group of engineering materials. Still, the potential for ceramics as corrosion resistant engineering structural materials are far from being fully realized, because of: Mechanical non-reliability of structural ceramic components Difficult design with brittle materials A shortage of information and standardization of ceramics Human reluctance to use non-ductile materials Issues of particular importance when considering corrosion of ceramics: The resistance of many ceramics to wetting by a corrosive liquid is a valuable property. Little corrosion is expected if a liquid does not wet a ceramic. The solubility of the reaction product in the corrosive environment (liquid) is critical to the extent of corrosion. Even if a major component of the ceramic is resistant to a given corrosive environment, a minor phase (especially a grain boundary phase, in particular under stress) could be corroded (leached), leading to the general failure of the component. Some examples include: - Alumina in water, where preferential attack of the grain boundary glassy (silicate) phases occurs. - The preferential attack of free Si in reaction bonded SiC, by alkalis or molten metals. - The oxide grain boundary phases in non-oxides (B2O3 in BN, silicates in Si3N4 and SiC) are sensitive to water. Severe corrosion takes place if the ceramic is in contact with a substance which can combine with it and form lowmelting liquids (i.e. with eutectic point below ambient temperature). The example of above situation is the system composed of metallurgical slag in contact with refractories. If the reaction is thermodynamically possible, the corrosion will proceed at a dramatic rate if the refractory is wetted by the slag.