YDI EX-1 v3.3

Version 3.
3 604-800008-M April 2003

EX-1 Installation and Operation Manual
LIMITED WARRANTY
Young Design, Inc. (YDI) warrants that your device is free of defects in material and
workmanship for a period of one year after initial purchase. YDI will, in this period of time,
repair or replace, any YDI product returned to the factory, freight prepaid.
The YDI warranty covers repairs or replacement (at YDI’s option) of the product only. YDI
is not responsible for the cost of removal, reinstallation, or shipping to the place of repair.
YDI does not extend or modify its warranty period as a result of repair or replacement.
YDI reserves the right to void a warranty and/or make reasonable charges for repair of a
unit if the warranty seal is broken or the unit displays evidence of misuse, abuse, or
tampering.
YDI is not responsible for damage to any other equipment or property, or any other
consequential or incidental damages of any kind, whether based on contract, negligence,
or strict liability. Maximum liability shall not in any case exceed the purchase price of the
unit.
Warranties give you (the buyer) specific legal rights. You may also have other rights that
vary from state to state. This warranty is only extended to purchases made in the United
States of America or its possessions.
SPECIAL WARRANTY NOTICE

The antenna warranty is null and void if any of the following occurs:
1. The product enclosure is opened.
2. The antenna connections are not properly waterproofed.
3. The device is installed improperly or with incorrect connectors.
4. The round connector of the single data/power cable is improperly plugged into the
corresponding jack of the unit.
5. The device or DC Power Injector are physically damaged.
6. The device is operated outside the recommended DC power specifications.
7. The device is damaged by extreme forces of nature, lightning, or ‘Acts of God.’
IMPORTANT OPERATING NOTICE

Only use external antennas provided or approved by Young Design, Inc.
PROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION REQUIRED

The EX-1 must be installed as a system by experienced antenna installation professionals
who are familiar with Radio Frequency (RF) issues such as gains and losses, as well as
local building and safety codes. Failure to do so will void the product warranty and may
expose the end user to excessive RF hazard.
Regulations regarding maximum antenna gains, power output and maximum permissible
exposure vary from country to country. It is the responsibility of the end user to operate
within the limits of these regulations and to ensure that the professional installers who
install this device are aware of these regulations. All antennas are intended to be installed
outdoors.
Version 3.3 Page i April 2003

MICROWAVE RADIO RADIATION WARNING

When installed properly, the EX-1 radio equipment complies with the limits for human
exposure to radio frequency (RF) fields adopted by the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC). All YDI microwave radio equipment is designed so that under normal
working conditions, microwave radiation directly from the radio is negligible when
compared with the permissible limit of continuous daily exposure recommended in the
United States by ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1991 (R1997), Safety Levels with Respect to Human
Exposure to Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz.
Microwave signal levels that give rise to hazardous radiation levels can exist within
transmitter power amplifiers, associated RF multiplexers, and antenna systems. Do not
disconnect RF coaxial connectors, open microwave units, or break down any microwave
screening while the radio equipment is operating.
FCC NOTICE
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device
pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. This
equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in
accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following two
conditions:
1. This device may not cause harmful interference, and
2. This device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause
undesired operation.
* Note: The manufacturer is not responsible for any radio or TV interference caused by
unauthorized modifications to this equipment. Such modifications could void the user's
authority to operate the equipment.
These products are labeled with one of the following FCC ID numbers:
FCC ID: NM5-EX1-53, NM5-EX1-57
© 2003 Young Design, Inc. All Rights Reserved. No part or parts of this document may be
reproduced, translated, stored in any electronic retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of Young Design, Inc.
Version 3.3 Page ii April 2003

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Section 1 Overview 1
1.1 Introduction to the EX-1 Ethernet Bridge ......................................................................................1
1.2 EX-1 Features ...............................................................................................................................4
1.3 Specifications ................................................................................................................................4
1.4 Antennas .......................................................................................................................................6
1.5 EX-1 Interfaces and Switches.......................................................................................................6
1.6 Signal Level Monitoring.................................................................................................................7
Section 2 Equipment Installation and Commissioning 8

2.1 Configuring and Testing the System.............................................................................................8
2.2 DIP Switch Function and Configuration ........................................................................................8
2.3 Installation ...................................................................................................................................11
2.4 Cables .........................................................................................................................................12
2.5 Radio Installation.........................................................................................................................13
2.6 Commissioning............................................................................................................................18
Section 3 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 19

3.1 EX-1 Maintenance.......................................................................................................................19
3.2 Identifying and Resolving Receive Signal Strength Issues.........................................................19
3.3 Co-Located EX-1 links ................................................................................................................20
Section 4 Where To Get Further Assistance 21

4.1 Detailed Company and Product Information, Sales, Pricing, and Technical Support for the East
Coast ...........................................................................................................................................21
4.2 Detailed Company and Product Information, Sales, Pricing, and Technical Support for the West
Coast ...........................................................................................................................................21
4.3 Return Procedure........................................................................................................................21
Appendix A – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 22
Appendix B – Microwave Antenna Radiation Warning 24
Appendix C – UNII Band Information 25
Appendix D – Cable and Connector Information 26
Appendix E – Theory of Operation 27
Appendix F – Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection Information 29
Bibliography 31
Version 3.3 Page iii April 2003

FIGURES
Figure 1.1 – EX-1 - Front View (a) and Rear View (b) ...........................................................................1
Figure 1.2 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration With Single Power/Data
Cable .............................................................................................................................................2
Figure 1.3 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration With Siamese Power/Data
Cable .............................................................................................................................................3
Figure 2.1 – DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information...........................................................10
Figure 2.2a – DC Injector and DC Power Supply for Single Cable Version.........................................12
Figure 2.2b – Siamese Ethernet and Power Cable ..............................................................................12
Figure 2.3 – Single Cable Version Connections...................................................................................13
Figure 2.4 – Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware.....................................................................................14
Figure 2.5 – Detail Showing Outdoor Unit Pole Mount Bracket ...........................................................15
Figure 2.6 – Attaching the EX-1 Outdoor Unit to the Pole Mount Bracket ...........................................15
Figure 2.7a – Latching Bracket to Pole Mount .....................................................................................16
Figure 2.8a – Connecting the Single Cable Version to the EX-1 .........................................................16
Figure 2.7b – Securing the Latches to the Pole Mount Bracket ...........................................................16
Figure 2.8b – Plugging the Single Cable Version.................................................................................16
Figure 2.9a – N-Type Antenna and Siamese Ethernet/Power Connections ........................................17
Figure 2.9b – Detail Showing Ground Cable Connection (this provides maximum lightning protection)17
Figure 3.1 – Frequency Selection for the EX-1 Radio..........................................................................20
Version 3.3 Page iv April 2003

TABLES
Table 1.1 – Recommended Antennas ....................................................................................................6
Table 1.2 – Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP
limits) in the 5.3 GHz Band ...........................................................................................................7
Table 1.3 – Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type (for compliance with FCC EIRP
limits) in the 5.7 GHz Band, Original and July 31, 1998 rules ......................................................7
Table 2.1 – DIP Switch Configuration.....................................................................................................9
Table 2.2 – Inventory of Tools ..............................................................................................................11
Table 2.3 – Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials.............................................................11
Table 2.4 – Installation Checklist..........................................................................................................18
Table 2.5 – Typical RSSI voltage vs. Receive Signal Level.................................................................18
Table D.1 – Data/Power Interface, Single Cable Version ....................................................................26
Table D.2 – Connector Pin Assignment, 10 Base T Connector on Radius..........................................26
Table D.3 – Connector Pin Assignment, Power Supply Input Connector on ODU ..............................26
Version 3.3 Page v April 2003

Version 3.3 Page vi April 2003

Section 1
Overview
1.1 Introduction to the EX-1 Ethernet Bridge

This manual introduces you to the EX-1™, and provides you with information necessary to plan, install,
operate and maintain an EX-1 wireless data communication link.
The EX-1 is intended for professional installation only. This manual, however, is also designed for
personnel who plan, operate and administrate the EX-1 communication system. Please review the entire
manual before powering up or deploying any EX-1.
The EX-1 provides full-duplex operation in the 5.3/5.7 GHz frequency bands in accordance with the FCC
(Federal Communications Commission) Rules part 15.407. The product uses two separate 100 MHz
bands within the UNII (Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure) frequency spectrum. Within these
bands, the EX-1 series operates in one of eight independent channels providing for frequency reuse and
network flexibility, which is ideal for dense network applications.
The EX-1 requires no special tuning or adjustments at the site; just install, align, and connect to the
existing LAN infrastructure via the 10Base-T interface and the unit is up and transmitting data. This
product is ideal for providing a high-speed wireless backbone to Wireless Internet Points Of Presence
(WIPOP). The system is FCC certified for license-free operation with 12 inch, and 24 inch flat panels as
well as with one and two foot STET antennas. It provides line-of-sight path distances up to 7 miles in the
USA and up to 24 km internationally with 2-foot dish antennas.
Synthesized RF channel selection is field configurable, as are the transmitter power output options for the
selection of antenna sizes. Frequency coordination and installation guidelines are provided in the
appendix section of this manual.
The EX-1 has been designed for easy access to all interfaces, controls, and displays. Information in this
manual will familiarize you with all of these items. Figure 1.1 shows the front and rear view of a unit, and
Figures 1.2 and 1.3 illustrate a pair of EX-1 radios in a point-to-point configuration.
*NOTE: If you do not have a clear, unobstructed line-of-sight (LOS) you will not get a radio link. If you
have a clear LOS but have Fresnel Zone enhancement in the path, your signal level will be
much weaker than expected and you may not get a reliable link.
Figure 1.1 – EX-1 - Front View (a) and Rear View (b)
(a) (b)
Version 3.3 Page 1 April 2003

Figure 1.2 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration

With Single Power/Data Cable

Figure 1.3 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration

With Siamese Power/Data Cable

1.2 EX-1 Features

Key Features
• Bridges 10BaseT Ethernet LANs
• Totally transparent, passes all protocols
• Ideal for use as a WIPOP backbone link (keeps 2.4 GHz radio channels clear)
• Operates in a license free UNII band
• Radio mounts right at antenna for virtually no cable loss
• Easy to install, easy to configure
• User adjustable transmit output power
• RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) output on a BNC jack on rear panel
• Configuration DIP (Dual Inline Package) switch settable
• Eight user selectable channels available
• All weather outdoor enclosure
• Works with all 5.3/5.8 GHz dish and flat panel directional antennas
• Can be used with vertical or horizontal polarized antennas
• 8 Mbps typical full duplex throughput
• Includes 300 feet (100 meters) of outdoor-rated Power Over Ethernet (POE) cable
1.3 Specifications
1.3.1 General Specifications

Frequency Range: 5.250 - 5.350 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz
RF Channel Bandwidth: 12 MHz
Channel Increments: 10.24 MHz
Radio Operation: Full duplex
Antenna Port Impedance: 50 ohm nominal
Antenna Port Return Loss: ž 10 dB
Radio Data Rate: 8 Mbps full duplex
Ethernet Interface 10 Base T Half or Full
1.3.2 Transmitter Specifications

Frequency Range: 5.250 - 5.350 GHz and 5.725 - 5.825 GHz
Modulation: BPSK
Power Output: 0, +4, +8, and +12 dBm Avg.
Transmit Duty Cycle: 100%
Emission Mask: Per FCC 15.407
Frequency Stability: ± 5 ppm
Spurious and Harmonic Output: -60 dBc
Over-the-air Data Rate: 8 Mbps Full Duplex

1.3.3 Receiver Specifications

Type: Coherent Detection
Sensitivity: -84 dBm @ 1x10-6 BER = 1x10-2 Packet
Maximum RF Input: -20 dBm
Data Rate: 8 Mbps
Frequency Stability: ± 5 ppm
Receiver Saturation: -20 dBm
1st Image Rejection: 60 dB
Other Spurious Rejection: 50 dB
*Tolerance of Interferers (on adjacent channels):

Channels N-1, N+1 +30 dBc
*NOTE: Measured at 10 to 40 dB above threshold with similar radio as interferer. Ratio of power from
same power boresight remotes in adjoining 60-degree sectors with 1:8 range differential is -
25 dB for the standard 2 foot dish antenna.
1.3.4 Frequencies
Channel No. Frequency 1 Frequency 2
1 5.26080 5.73568
2 5.27104 5.74592
3 5.28128 5.75616
4 5.29152 5.76640
5 5.30176 5.77664
6 5.31200 5.78688
7 5.32224 5.79712
8 5.33248 5.80736
1.3.5 Power Requirements

DC: 48 VDC Nominal, ±36 to ±48 VDC (see Note below)
AC: 100 to 240V 50/60 Hz
Consumption: Maximum 17 Watts
*NOTE: Older units that do not feature the single Data/Power cable (i.e., units shipped prior to
October 2002 which used the Siamese cable) utilize a 24 VDC Power Supply. These older
units have a DC voltage input power range of ±20 to ±56 VDC. If you use a newer EX-1 unit
that features the single Data/Power cable you must use the 48 VDC Power Supply provided.
The former 24 VDC Power Supply does not work with the newer single Data/Power cable
units.
Notice also that the Ethernet and Power connectors for the Siamese cable in the rear of the
unit (Figure 1.1b) are still functional regardless of the version of cable or Power Supply that
you use.

1.3.6 Environmental Specifications

Operating Temperature Range: -30°C to +60°C
Storage Temperature Range: -40°C to +85°C
Altitude: 4,500 meters max.
Humidity: Outdoor, all-weather enclosure
1.3.7 Mechanical
Dimensions 310mm x 351mm x 73mm (HxWxD)
Weight 5 kg
1.4 Antennas
The antennas shown in Table 1.1 are recommended for use with EX-1. With the exception of the 4’
dishes, all antennas have been tested with EX-1 to verify compliance with applicable FCC rules.
Table 1.1 – Recommended Antennas

Type Model No.
2’ diameter dish, Plane Polarized, 28.0 dBi A 5.8 - 2’
4’ diameter dish, Plane Polarized, 33.5 dBi* A 5.8 - 4’
12” Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 23.0 dBi A 5.8 FP23
24” Flat Panel, Plane Polarized, 27.5 dBi A 5.8 FP28
*The 4-Foot dish antennas are for use outside the USA only, and are not part of the FCC certified system.
1.5 EX-1 Interfaces and Switches

The EX-1 features the following:
• A pair of connectors for data and power or a single connector and cable for both data and power
(depending on the version shipped)
• RSSI - BNC (Bayonet Neill-Concelman) type connector used for RSSI (Received Signal Strength
Indicator) measurement.
• Antenna (RF) Connector - N-type female connector used for connection with antenna.
• Grounding Connector - The rear panel of the EX-1 is equipped with an M5 ground screw and
associated washers. This ground screw serves as the proper chassis-ground connection point for
an external ground source. The EX-1 must be grounded in accordance with the electrical codes,
standards, and practices governing the local installation.
• Configuration Switch - Configuration of the EX-1 is performed via a DIP switch on the ODU
(OutDoor Unit). The 10-position DIP switch is accessible by removing the water-tight dust cap on
the ODU. Once exposed, each of the 10 switches can be manipulated using a fine point
instrument such as a small-tipped screwdriver. The function of each switch is explained in Table
2.1.
*NOTE: For changes in DIP switch settings to take effect, the power must be cycled off, then on.

• LED’s - The Radio has two LED’s visible when the cap for the Configuration Switch is removed.
One shows the DC power is reaching the unit; the other shows an RF (Radio Frequency) Link is
established with the EX-1 on the other end of the link. Refer to Figure 2.1.
Each radio is shipped from the factory with a standard 3’ coaxial cable for connection between the radio
and the antenna. The coax cable has a nominal loss of approximately 2 dB. Table 1.2 shows the highest
power setting in the 5.3 GHz band.
Table 1.2 – Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type
(for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.3 GHz Band
Antenna Type Model No. Max Tx Power Setting (dBm)
2’ diameter dish, Plane Polarized A 5.8 - 2’ 0
12” Flat Panel, Plane Polarized A 5.8 FP23 +4
24” Flat Panel, Plane Polarized A 5.8 FP28 0
Table 1.3 shows the highest power setting in the 5.7 GHz band.
Table 1.3 – Maximum Transmit Power Level Setting vs. Antenna Type
(for compliance with FCC EIRP limits) in the 5.7 GHz Band, Original and July 31, 1998 rules
Antenna Type Model No. Max Tx Power Setting (dBm)
2’ diameter dish, Plane Polarized A 5.8 - 2’ 0
The FCC will also allow higher EIRP for point to point links with higher gain antennas. Page 703 of the
FCC document, CFR 47 FCC part 15, 15.407 Subpart E, FR 40836, July 31, 1998 has the provisions for
these power limits. The path length is not increased, since the 5.3 GHz transmitter is not allowed the
higher EIRP. We recommend the higher power settings only when absolutely necessary.
This rule states “fixed point-to-point UNII devices operating in this band may employ transmitting antennas
with directional gain up to 23 dBi without the corresponding reduction in transmitter peak output power or
peak power spectral density.” Also above 23 dBi antenna gain there is a 1:1 reduction in Pout to maintain
the same Max EIRP
1.6 Signal Level Monitoring

The RSSI voltage is provided through a BNC connector on the outside of the ODU. The RSSI port is used
for antenna alignment during installation and for periodic measurement of Receiver/Path performance.
The RSSI voltage in proportion to the receive signal level ranges from -30 dBm to -90 dBm.

Section 2
Equipment Installation and Commissioning
2.1 Configuring and Testing the System

It is highly recommended that you set the entire link in your lab or other location to get familiar with the
installation set up and configuration. Also, be sure to connect the EX-1 to the actually Ethernet Switches
or Hubs you plan to use. Test the throughput and practice reading the RSSI signal leads. This will
increase the probability of a successful installation in the field. Also, test and record the no signal RSSI
voltage for each unit with the other unit turned off. Typical values range from 0.4 to 0.8 VDC. Record this
on the RSSI calibration sheet for future reference. It will come in handy when troubleshooting an installed
system later on. Verify that the transmit/receive frequency selection for each EX-1 radio is set
appropriately, and that a “matched pair” of radios has been selected for the system. Each EX-1 terminal
can be set to the frequencies listed in Table 1.1.
2.2 DIP Switch Function and Configuration

Refer to Table 2.1 below. Switches 1, 2 and 3 control Frequency and Channel selection. Switches 4 and 5
are used for Transmit Power control. Switch 6 selects Ethernet Mode. Switch 7 must be set to the OFF
position (see Note 2). Switch 8 controls Packet Filtering, and switches 9 and 10 are not used. Refer to
Figure 2.1 for DIP Switch location.
*NOTE: Primary power must be cycled off, then on, for changes in DIP Switch settings to take effect.

Table 2.1 – DIP Switch Configuration

Factory Default DIP Switch Settings are shown in bold typeface.
Switch Function
1, 2, and 3 Frequency and Channel Selection
Switch 1 Switch 2 Switch 3 Ch. Frequency pair (GHz)
ON ON ON 1 5.26080 5.73568
OFF ON ON 2 5.27104 5.72592
ON OFF ON 3 5.28128 5.75616
OFF OFF ON 4 5.29152 5.76640
ON ON OFF 5 5.30176 5.77664
OFF ON OFF 6 5.31200 5.78688
ON OFF OFF 7 5.32224 5.79712
OFF OFF OFF 8 5.33248 5.80736
4 and 5 Transmit Power Control
Switch 4 Switch 5 Tx Power at Antenna Port 5.3 GHz/5.7 GHz
OFF OFF 0 dBm
OFF ON +4 dBm
ON OFF +8 dBm
ON ON +12 dBm
6 Ethernet Mode
See Note 1
ON = Ethernet Half Duplex
OFF = Ethernet Full Duplex
7 OFF = Normal Operation
See Note 2
8 Packet Filtering
See Note 3
ON = Packet Filtering Enabled
OFF = Packet Filtering Disabled
9 and 10 OFF = Normal Operation
See Note 4
Notes:
1. The radios always operate full duplex. This switch only sets the Ethernet port to half or Full
Duplex. When set to Full Duplex, the switch must be manually set to Full Duplex, not auto
sensing. (The EX-1 10 Base T Full Duplex interface will not work with auto sensing full duplex
Ethernet Switches or Routers.)
2. In order to prevent potential damage to external equipment, it is imperative that switch 7 be set
to the OFF position.
3. The EX-1 learns the MAC address of each device connecting to each end of a link. The EX-1
can do packet filtering based on MAC addresses. If packet filtering is ON (default setting) the
EX-1 link will only pass traffic across the link if that MAC address is known by the EX-1 on the
other end of a link. If packet filtering is OFF (not recommended) then all traffic will flow across
the link regardless of whether or not it needs to be transported. This is not recommended
because it will seriously degrade the link throughput.

4. Switch 10 is for factory test use only. Switch 10 must be set to the OFF position at all times. If it
is switched on, you will not get an Ethernet Link light on the Ethernet Switch or Router that the
device is plugged into.
Figure 2.1 – DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information

2.3 Installation
The following installation instructions should be followed:
1. Inventory your tools - The EX-1 has been specifically designed for ease of installation. Table 2.2
shows the tools that should be on hand during installation:
Table 2.2 – Inventory of Tools

Tool Purpose
Wire Stripper/Cutter General wire stripping and cutting purposes
Hand-Held Digital MultiMeter (DMM) Confirm magnitude, polarity, continuity with standard probes
2 Adjustable Wrenches (up to 5/8 Antenna mounting, Outdoor Unit
inch or 1.5 cm)
#2 Phillips Screwdriver Outdoor Unit Grounding
2. Plan the installation - Decide where each component of the EX-1 will be placed prior to
commencement of any installation activity. Installation considerations for each component in general are
as follows:
a. Outdoor RF Unit - Mount as close as practical to the Antenna assembly. The maximum
distance is determined by the included interconnect cable which is 2 meters maximum in
length. Determine pole mounting details for the Outdoor Unit and Antenna.
Tables 1.3 and 1.4 identify the maximum transmit power level setting that can be used with
each antenna while maintaining compliance with FCC EIRP regulations. Power levels are
referenced to the antenna port of the radio and are average power levels indicating what
would be measured using an average power meter. The FCC expresses limits as peak power
numbers. To convert from the average power numbers to peak power numbers, add 1.8 dB to
the average power numbers.
If the product is being deployed in a country not governed by FCC regulations, the installer
should select a transmit power level setting appropriate for the antenna that is deployed to
maintain compliance with regulations employed by that country.
Refer to Table 2.1 for Configuration Switch setting information.
b. Antenna Unit - See installation and information provided with the antenna.
3. Inventory your equipment and installation materials - To install one (1) end of a link you should
have the items shown in Table 2.3.
Table 2.3 – Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials

Qty Description
1 EX-1 Outdoor Radio Unit
1 Pole Mount Bracket
1 Siamesed Ethernet/Power Cable or Single Power Cable
1 N-Male to N-Male Coaxial Jumper Cable
1 DC Power Supply (48 VDC)
1 DC Power Injector (Single Power Cable version only)

2.4 Cables
There are two versions of data/power cables available. The newest one is a single combined data/power
cable. Older versions use a siamese data and power cable. The maximum length of both versions is up to
300 feet (100 mts). See Figures 2.2 (a) and (b).
Figure 2.2a – DC Injector and DC Power Supply for Single Cable Version
Figure 2.2b – Siamese Ethernet and Power Cable
2.4.1 DC Power Supply: Single Cable Version

If you have the single Ethernet cable version, the barrel connector from the DC power supply plugs into
the Ethernet DC Injector as shown in Figure 2.3.

Figure 2.3 – Single Cable Version Connections
2.4.2 DC Power Supply: Siamese Cable Version

The Ethernet connections are made to the data side of the power/data cable assembly, and it is normally
supplied with an RJ45 connector. The white lead of the power side of the optional Data/Power cable
connects to Pin 1, thus it should be connected to the negative lead of the power source. The red lead of
the power side of the optional Data/ Power cable connects to Pin 2, thus it should be connected to the
positive lead of the power source. The AC-DC power supply is connected to an AC outlet by means of an
IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) type power cord. Connect the power cord to the supply.
The output of the supply should be connected to the power side of the Data/Power cable.
2.5 Radio Installation
*NOTE: All connectors must be properly water-proofed with all-weather electrical tape, Permagum, or
equivalent. Do not use Silicon glue.
The EX-1 radio unit is installed by means of a pole mount adaptor bracket (wall mount optional) that is
secured to the pole using two metal hose type clamps. Figure 2.4 shows the hardware provided to mount
the Outdoor RF Unit (the single cable version is not depicted).
1. Install the outdoor unit pole mount adaptor bracket using the supplied metal hose type clamps
as shown in Figure 2.5.
2. Align the four mounting studs on the unit with the bracket holes (see Figure 2.6) and secure to
the bracket by pushing down the latches as shown in Figures 2.7a and 2.7b.
3. Depending upon the type of cable that you have, follow instructions (a) or (b):
(a) If you have a single cable version, ensuring that there is no DC power applied to the DC
Power Injector, plug the round connector into the bottom jack located on the front cover of the
EX-1, aligning the notch on the connector with the tab on the jack as shown in Figures 2.8a and
2.8b. Then turn the round locking nut clockwise as you push in until it securely fastens onto the
jack. Please verify that the round connector is properly plugged into the rear jack of the
antenna prior to connecting DC power because it is possible to push it in the wrong way if
enough force is used. If DC power is applied and the connector is not properly plugged,
damage to the electronics of the unit or the connector itself may occur which will not be covered
by the factory warranty.

If DC Power is applied while you are attempting to insert the round

connector into the jack, it is possible that, as you rotate the plug in an
effort to find the key, DC power pins will momentarily touch the Ethernet
pins. If this happens the Ethernet circuitry on the board will blow.
WARNING Any damage caused by this action will not be covered by the factory
warranty and will be a billable repair.
4. (b) If you have a siamese Ethernet/Power cable version, plug the two connectors into the
corresponding jacks located at the bottom on the back of the EX-1 as shown in Figure 2.9a.
The connectors have different number of pins so there is no risk of mismatching.
5. Plug the antenna coaxial cable into the N-type female connector of the unit and perform the
ground connection as shown in Figures 2.9a and 2.9b.
Figure 2.4 – Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware

Figure 2.5 – Detail Showing Outdoor Unit Pole Figure 2.6 – Attaching the EX-1 Outdoor Unit to
Mount Bracket the Pole Mount Bracket

Figure 2.7a – Latching Bracket to Pole Mount Figure 2.7b – Securing the Latches to the Pole
Mount Bracket
Figure 2.8a – Connecting the Single Cable Figure 2.8b – Plugging the Single Cable Version
Version to the EX-1

Figure 2.9b – Detail Showing Ground Cable

Figure 2.9a – N-Type Antenna and Siamese Connection
Ethernet/Power Connections (this provides maximum lightning protection)

2.6 Commissioning
1. Visually verify that the EX-1 is properly mounted.
2. Verify that the DC power input to the EX-1 is on.
3. Perform the installation checklist in Table 2.4.
Table 2.4 – Installation Checklist

Installation Checklist
Is the rack mounting hardware secure?
Is the unit properly grounded?
Are the configuration DIP switches properly set?
Is the antenna properly connected?
Are the data connections in place and secured?
2.6.1 Aligning the EX-1 System Antennas

With the EX-1 at each site properly configured for operation, antenna alignment must be performed at
both sites. Proper antenna alignment is crucial for the correct operation of an EX-1 radio system and
should only be accomplished by experienced professionals.
The EX-1 is equipped with a Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) output. This DV voltage appears on
the BNC jack. It is read using an analog or digital voltmeter. The voltage range at this test point varies
from approximately 2 VDC to 4 VDC. The stronger the receive signal, the higher the RSSI voltage. Refer
to Table 2.5.
Table 2.5 – Typical RSSI voltage vs. Receive Signal Level

Receive Signal Level (dBm) -30 -40 -50 -60 -70 -80 -90
RSSI (VDC) 4.45 3.70 3.00 2.35 1.60 1.10 .85
Emanating from a microwave antenna is a main beam (or lobe) of RF energy, surrounded by RF side
lobes. The beamwidth of the main beam varies with the size and type of antenna, as well as the specific
frequency of the RF signal, and is generally defined by the nominal total width of the main beam at the
half-power (-3 dB) points. Side lobes surround the main beam at specific angle distances, and will be
lower in power than the main beam.
When aligning an antenna system, it is extremely important to verify that the antennas are both aligned
on the main beam, not on a side lobe. The first side lobe will generally be located at an angle slightly less
than twice the antenna beamwidth.
Following the course alignment of an antenna system, a common practice when performing a fine
alignment is to slowly swing each antenna (one at a time!) in both vertical (elevation) and horizontal
(azimuth) planes to verify that the main beam and first side lobe can be accurately identified. This insures
that accurate alignment of the antenna system on the main beam has been accomplished.
Each EX-1 is shipped with an RSSI test sheet, showing the relationship between the receive signal
strength level (in dBm) and the RSSI level (in VDC) for your particular unit. The RSSI test sheets can be
used to verify that the calculated receive signal levels match up with the actual receive signal levels.
Substantial differences between calculated and actual levels could point to transmission system problems,
side lobe misalignment, path obstructions, etc.

Section 3
Maintenance and Troubleshooting
The EX-1 contains static sensitive components, and has no user-serviceable parts.
3.1 EX-1 Maintenance

The EX-1 is designed to operate with no scheduled maintenance activities. From a precautionary
perspective, the user should plan a regular check of the RSSI voltages. For this reason, it is
recommended that a cable be run from the RSSI BNC jack on the radio to the radio room or shed. Then
the RSSI reading can easily be taken without climbing the tower.
3.1.1 RSSI Voltage

We recommend a monthly check of the EX-1’s RSSI voltage. Variations in the RSSI voltage could be an
indicator of antenna movement, loose or improper RF cabling or connection, path obstructions or
reflections, etc.
3.1.2 Suspected Interference

If you suspect that you might be getting radio interference, you can easily determine that with the RSSI
voltage reading. With no received signal (i.e., the other end of the link is turned off), the RSSI voltage
should be less then 1 VDC. Typically is between 0.5 and 0.8 VDC. (During your initial configuration and
testing, you should have recorded the value). If you are reading a higher RSSI voltage (greater than the 1
VDC, for example) you are picking up signal or noise from another source. Try another channel to see if
you can find one that does not exhibit high RSSI voltages. Be sure to remember to recycle the power
whenever you change a configuration DIP switch in order for the new setting to take effect! You need to
do this test for both ends of the link one at a time since interference could be forced at one end of a link,
but not at the other.
3.2 Identifying and Resolving Receive Signal Strength Issues

There are a great number of items which can affect the transmission of a microwave signal from one site
to another. Every microwave path is unique, and must be evaluated for performance before a radio link is
installed.
*NOTE: Do not attempt to install the EX-1 link until you have verified that you have a clear LOS and
Fresnel Zone between the two sites.
Outside of radio equipment issues, antenna alignment, RF signal blockage, and multipath fading are
among the most common transmission problems experienced in the field.

3.3 Co-Located EX-1 links

To reduce the possibility of co-adjacent channel interference, proper frequency coordination and antenna
polarization is used to isolate each channel. The concept is to achieve maximum RF isolation between link
channels by means of frequency spacing and antenna polarization. In a “star” configuration an optimum
frequency and antenna polarization plan is provided to demonstrate an example of maximum isolation
between links (see Figure 3.1).
Figure 3.1 – Frequency Selection for the EX-1 Radio

Section 4
Where To Get Further Assistance
Your primary source of assistance is the support staff of the organization from which you purchased this
product. The YDI support staff should only be contacted directly if you purchased this product directly from
YDI, or if you are unable to obtain sufficient assistance from your primary support contact.
*NOTE: Before you contact Technical Support, please make sure that you have read and thoroughly
understood all instructions outlined on this manual.
4.1 Detailed Company and Product Information, Sales, Pricing, and Technical
Support for the East Coast
Young Design, Inc.
8000 Lee Highway
Falls Church, VA 22046
USA
Tel.: 703-205-0600
Fax: 703-205-0610
E-mail: tech@ydi.com
Website: www.ydi.com
Sales: 1-888-297-9090
4.2 Detailed Company and Product Information, Sales, Pricing, and Technical
Support for the West Coast
Young Design, Inc.
990 Almanor Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
USA
Tel: 408-617-8150
Fax: 408-617-8151
E-mail: tech@ydi.com
Website: www.ydi.com
Sales: 1-800-664-7060
4.3 Return Procedure

All material returned to YDI must be accompanied by a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number from
YDI’s Customer Service department. An RMA number is necessary to assure proper tracking and
handling of returned material at the factory. YDI reserves the right to refuse shipments not accompanied
by an RMA number. Refused shipments will be returned to the shipper via collect freight. To obtain an
RMA number, get an RMA form, and learn about the Return Procedures, please visit: www.ydi.com/RMA
The customer is responsible to properly label and package repairs and prepay shipping to YDI If possible.
The original packaging material should be used to return electronic parts. The RMA number must be
visible on the outside of all packages returned. Unless other arrangements have been made, all repairs
are shipped back to the customer prepaid via ground carrier.

Appendix A – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. What should I do when I get my first EX-1 Link?
Set-up and test the link in your office or lab to become familiar with it and verify operation. For this test,
you do not need to use the reflector on the dish. Just connect the coax cable from the radio to the feed
element that goes into the dish. If the units are in the same room, the signal strength will be strong
enough for a good link. Practice measuring the RSSI voltage. You may notice that it bounces around a
lot. This is caused by multi-path reflections and the associated signal cancellations, which vary the
received signal strength.
*NOTE: Do not worry about exposure to RF radiation. Even with the TX power set to its maximum of
+12 dBm, the output is still only about 18 mW (eighteen thousandths of a watt). This is well
below the level of harmful effects.
Take an RSSI reading in your office on each unit with the other unit off. Record these readings for
comparison later after the antennas are installed.
2. What if I want to co-locate two or more EX-1s at one site?

When co-locating two or more EX-1s at a site, be sure that they all are on the transmit frequency (e.g.,
5.3 GHz or 5.7 GHz). If not, the broadband transmit noise from 5.3 GHz TX on one unit will likely interfere
with the reception of any co-located 5.3 GHz receiver.
3. What radios should I put at the tallest site?

If you have a choice, put the 5.7 GHz transmit unit at the highest site or tallest tower. This will receive at
5.3 GHz band. This is the less crowded, lower TX output power band.
4. How do I aim the dishes?

The most efficient way to aim the dish antennas is to have installers on both ends of a link at the same
time. These teams must have voice communication during the alignment process. Use a voltmeter on the
RSSI output to aim the antennas. Be sure to sweep far left/right and up/down to make sure that you have
the antenna aimed onto the main lobe, not a false peak.
After aiming one side carefully, aim the other. Then re-aim the first side again followed by the other side.
Perhaps a third round of aiming might be in order as well. Record the RSSI voltage reading in a
permanent log.
5. How do I know if I am getting interference?

After both the antennas are aimed, have the remote EX-1 turned off (i.e., disconnect it from power). Read
the RSSI reading at the local EX-1 and record it. If the voltage is significantly more than what was
recorded in your office earlier or is more than 1Volt, then you have interference or noise on that channel.
The higher the voltage, the worse the interference/noise. The difference between this interfering signal or
noise and the signal strength of the signal received from the EX-1 on the other side will determine your
link quality.
Methods to remedy noise/interference issues:

a. Try all other channels and pick the least noisy one.
b. Rotate the dish antenna 90° for cross-polarization isolation.
c. Swap units on each end (i.e., put the 5.3 GHz TX unit where the 5.7 GHz TX unit is and vice
versa).
d. Use a higher gain (i.e., more focused) antenna at the end with interference.
In almost all cases, one or more of these remedies will resolve interference issues.
6. How can I monitor the RSSI level if the EX-1 is up on a tower?

If the EX-1 is installed in an inaccessible location (like on a radio tower), run coax cable from the RSSI’s
BNC jack down to the bottom of the tower where the RSSI voltage level can be easily read.
Periodically (at least monthly), take an RSSI reading and record it in a log. One of the most common
causes of link failures is that the dish antenna gets blown out of position weeks or even months after a
successful installation. Another cause is the slow build-up of water or moisture in the coax cable between
the radio and the antenna. This simple preventive maintenance will catch any impending weak-signal
radio problems before a link failure.
7. Do I really need a Path Analysis for my EX-1 link?

If you do not have a “lead pipe cinch”, clear line of site, and Fresnel Zone, do a path analysis. If you have
line of site but cannot verify a clear Fresnel Zone, expect 6 dB or more unexplained loss of signal.
Do a theoretical path loss and RX signal strength calculation (visit http://www.ydi.com/som.php). Compare
that calculated RX signal to the measured RSSI signal at each end. If it is off by more than 10 dB, you
may have other installation or system design issues that should be addressed before relying on the link. A
System Operating (or Fade) Margin at 20 dB or more is recommended.
8. What should I do if I do not get a link light on when I plug a Switch or Router into the EX-1?
Start by checking that the Ethernet port is configured in its default Half Duplex mode (Switch 6 of the DIP
Configuration should be set to ON, refer to Table 2.1). If you want to operate the Ethernet port in Full
duplex, you need to make sure that the port on the Switch or Router is manually set to 10 Mbps Full
Duplex since the EX-1 does not support auto-sensing. Also, make sure Switch 10 is OFF. If Switch 10 is
ON you will never get an Ethernet link light on! Try more than one port on the hub/switch and also try
another hub/switch. A bad crimp on the RJ45 connector could cause the problem as well.
9. The EX-1 link is basically working OK and I have good RSSI voltage levels, but it is dropping
packets. Why?
It could be because configuration switch 8 (refer to Table 2.1) is set to OFF – Packet Filtering disabled.
You must have switch 8 ON. Otherwise the EX-1 link will try to send every single packet it sees on one
end of the link over to the other end, even if the destination MAC address is on the local side. This could
easily overload the link resulting in lost packets.
The other reason could be interference. Try changing channels on both sides of the link (configuration
switches # 1, 2, and 3). When you change channels, jump as many as you can to get far away from any
interference (e.g., jump from channel 2 to channel 8).

Appendix B – Microwave Antenna Radiation Warning

Designed for point-to-point operation, an EX-1 microwave radio system will use directional antennas to
transmit and receive microwave signals. These directional antennas are usually circular or rectangular in
shape, are generally located outdoors, and are usually mounted on a tower or mast.
Referencing OET Bulletin 65 (Edition 97-01, August 1997) from the Federal Communication
Commission’s Office of Engineering & Technology, limits for maximum permissible exposure (MPE) to
microwave signals have been adopted by the FCC for General Population/Uncontrolled environments.
These limits are 1.0 mW/cm2, with averaging times of thirty-minutes.
The closer you are to the front center-point of a microwave antenna, the greater the power density of its
transmitted microwave signal. Unless you are very close, however, microwave exposure levels will fall far
below the MPE limits. To determine how close to a microwave antenna you can be and still remain below
the MPE limits noted above, “worst case” predictions of the field strength and power density levels in the
vicinity of an EX-1 microwave antenna can be made from the following calculations. The equation is
generally accurate in the far-field of an antenna, and will over-predict power density in the near-field (i.e.,
close to the antenna).
S = PG/4πR2
Where: S = power density (in mW/cm2)

P = power input to the antenna (mW)
G = power gain of the antenna in the direction of interest relative to an isotropic radiator
R = distance to the center of radiation of the antenna (cm)
*NOTE: G, the power gain factor, is usually expressed in logarithmic terms (i.e., dB), and must be
converted using the following equation:
G = 10 dB/10
For example, a logarithmic power gain of 17.5 dB is equal to a numeric gain of 56.23.
Assuming: (1) maximum output power from the EX-1 (+12 dBm [15.85 mW]), (2) no signal loss in the
cable connecting the EX-1 to the antenna, and (3) the use of a 17.5 dBi gain flat panel antenna, the 1.0
mW/cm2 MPE power density limit would be reached at a distance of approximately 8.4 cm. The EX-1 is
classified as a fixed installation product, and per FCC policy guidelines regarding MPE, antennas used for
this YDI transmitter must be installed to provide a separation distance of 20 cm or more from all persons
during normal operation to satisfy FCC RF exposure compliance. Should you have questions about EX-1
microwave signal radiation, please contact the YDI Technical Support Department.
YDI fully supports the FCC’s adopted MPE limits, and recommends that personnel maintain appropriate
distances from the front of all directional microwave antennas. Should you have questions about EX-1
microwave signal radiation, please contact the YDI Technical Support Department.

Appendix C – UNII Band Information

In January 1997, the FCC made available 300 MHz of spectrum for Unlicensed National Information
Infrastructure (UNII) devices. The FCC believes that the creation of the UNII band will stimulate the
development of new unlicensed digital products, which will provide efficient and less expensive solutions
for local access applications.
UNII radios are covered under CFR 47 FCC part 15, 15.407 Subpart E. 15.407.a.2 which states:
Ptransmit = 11 dBm + 10 log B
where B is the -26 dB BW with a 6 dBi antenna. Above 6-dBi antenna gain there is a 1:1 reduction in
Ptransmit to maintain the same Maximum EIRP. This is accomplished by the changes in output power
setting for the alternative antennas.
Table C.1 - FCC UNII Bands

Band 1 Band 2 Band 3
Frequency 5.15 to 5.25 GHz 5.25 to 5.35 GHz 5.725 to 5.825 GHz
Power (Max) 200 milliwatts EIRP 1 watt EIRP 4 watts (EIRP)*
Intended Use Indoor Use Only Campus Approx 10 miles
*Note: A recent FCC memorandum opinion and order (M00) revised on June 24, 1998 allows the
use of a directional antenna with 23-dBi gains and a maximum transmitter output power of 1 watt
in the 5.725 – 5.825 UNII band

Appendix D – Cable and Connector Information

D.1 Data/Power Interface - Single Cable Version
Table D.1 shows the pin assignment for the single rounded connector that plugs into the bottom of the
EX-1 unit.
Table D.1 – Data/Power Interface, Single Cable Version

Pin Function
1 Radio Tx+
2 Radio Tx-
3 Radio Rx+
4 Radio Rx-
5 48 VDC +
6 48 VDC -
D.2 Siamese Cable Version

The 8-pin CircularMill (10Base-T Ethernet interface/ODU status signals) connector pin assignments are
shown in Table D.2. Note that the functions of pins 4, 5, 7, and 8 are non-standard, are presently used for
proprietary purposes only and should be disabled by setting position 7 of the 10-position switch to the
OFF position.
Table D.2 – Connector Pin Assignment, 10 Base T Connector on Radius

Pin Lead Function
1 TX+ Twisted Pair Transmit +
2 TX- Twisted Pair Transmit -
3 RX+ Twisted Pair Receive +
4 Local Alarm Not Used
5 RF Link Not Used
6 RX- Twisted Pair Receive -
7 TPLIL Signal that drives “Ethernet Integrity”
8 Gnd. Ground
The 4-pin CircularMil power supply input connector pin assignments are shown in Table D.3.
*NOTE: The white lead of the power side of the optional Data/Power cable connects to Pin 1, thus it
should be connected to the negative lead of the power source. The red lead of the power side
of the optional Data/Power cable connects to Pin 2, thus it should be connected to the
positive lead of the power source.
Table D.3 – Connector Pin Assignment, Power Supply Input Connector on ODU
Pin Lead Function
1 Negative Input (-) Connection to negative lead of power supply
2 Positive Input (+) Connection to positive lead of power supply
3 Not Used
4 Not Used

Appendix E – Theory of Operation

General Overview
The EX-1 is a point to point Wireless Ethernet Extension operating in the 5.3/5.7 GHz UNII band as
authorized in rule sections 15.401 through 15.407. The unit is enclosed in a weather-proof outdoor
enclosure and is intended to provide data links over distances up to 10 km. The radio in the unit operates
full duplex, transmitting and receiving data at the rate of 8.192 Mbps. The radio is modulated using BPSK.
E.1 EX-1 Transmitter

The physical interface to the radio consists of 10 Mbps Ethernet packets that are routed to the Ethernet
bridge chip. The bridge chip stores the data packets, and then converts them into a synchronous 8.192
Mbps data stream that is fed into the transmitter.
The data is differentially encoded and scrambled before it is routed through the transmit baseband filter to
provide spectral shaping. This scrambling keeps the receiver on the other side in sync with the transmit
data. It also prevents anyone from monitoring the data by demodulating the data sent across the link.
An active ALC (Automatic Level Control) circuit that samples the transmitter output power and then
adjusts the variable attenuator to keep the output power constant over the operating temperature of the
unit maintains the power setting. The power level is controlled to within +1/-2 dB of the set point. After
passing through the duplexer, the power level at the antenna port is a maximum of +12 dBm.
E.2 EX-1 Receiver

The receiver in the EX-1 is a conventional dual conversion design with IF frequencies of 474.88 MHz and
70 MHz.
From the receive port of the duplexer, the low level input signal is passed through a low noise preamplifier
that provides 25 dB of gain. Following the preamplifier the signal is passed through a 200 MHz wide
bandpass filter to provide image rejection for the first mixer.
The signal is then mixed with the first LO(local oscillator) to convert the signal to 474.88 MHz. Following
further amplification the signal is passed through a five pole, 20 MHz wide bandpass filter. This filter
provides image filtering for the second mixer, and also helps attenuate signals on the adjacent receive
channels. After filtering, the signal is further amplified and then passed through a variable attenuator
stage before it is applied to the second mixer.

The output of the second mixer is at 70 MHz. The 70 MHz IF (Intermediate Frequency) stages provide
additional gain along with two sections of variable attenuation for the AGC (Automatic Gain Control)
function. The primary adjacent channel filtering is also at 70 MHz where the signal is passed through a 12
MHz wide SAW (Surface Effect Wave) filter. The combination of filters provide a minimum of 47 dB of
attenuation at the adjacent receive channels (±10.24 MHz).
At the end of the 70 MHz IF chain, the signal is fed into a quadrature demodulator. It is also fed into a
wide band logarithmic amplifier that provides a DC voltage output proportional to the 70 MHz signal
strength. The DC voltage is then integrated and fed back to the variable attenuator stages to form an
AGC control loop. This control loop keeps the signal level at the input to the demodulator chip constant
over the entire operating range of the receiver.
A clock recovery circuit recovers receive timing information that is needed to clock the data through the
descrambler, and differential decoder. The recovered data stream is then formatted into Ethernet packets
and sent out the 10 base-T Ethernet connector.
E.3 EX-1 Synthesizer

The FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) provides four 22-bit streams in a serial format loaded to the
synthesizer. This data provides all of the possible frequencies at which the system can operate.
Depending upon the DIP switch settings, the actual frequency being used is selected. When the reset
button is pressed, the FPGA will reload this data to the synthesizer.

Appendix F – Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection

Information
F.1 General
Good grounding (“earthing”) practices, when used in telecommunications, have some direct benefits
which can help you maximize the up time of your system as well as ensure the safety of those people
working on the system. Among these benefits are:
1. Protection of personnel from electric shock and fire hazards.

2. Reduction of radiated and conducted electromagnetic susceptibility.
3. Improved system tolerance to discharge of electrostatic energy and lightning interference.
4. Minimized service interruptions and service damage.
There is no practice or formula which can completely eliminate the above risks, but good grounding and
bonding practices can significantly reduce the risk of many of these hazards. We have included a
bibliography at the end of this appendix, which contains several publications that are readily available and
contain detailed information on many aspects of grounding systems and their design, implementation,
measurement, and maintenance.
Please note that every telecommunication site is unique, and must be evaluated accordingly. The
following information is provided for generic reference and educational purposes only. The grounding
plans and practices for a given site should only be established and accomplished by trained
professionals, working in accordance with local practices and regulations.
F.2 Ground Connections

There should be a grounding plan designed at the outset of site design in order to provide the best
grounding procedures and to minimize ground loop currents. This should be achieved by connecting the
outer conductors of the cables through a large section copper strap to a central grounding point and the
size of the conductor should be increased as each branch path is added. The final conductor should be
connected directly to the grounding system. For a radio site a single copper grounding rod is insufficient
because its impedance is likely to be too high.

F.3 Lightning Protection

Radio sites can be particularly prone to lightning strikes by virtue of their normally exposed locations and
the presence of relatively tall antenna support structures.
It is not possible to provide and guarantee complete protection from the effects of lightning; however, they
can be significantly reduced by careful attention to grounding, protection devices, and the layout of the
site itself.
Reference should also be made to various publications, some of which are listed in the Bibliography.
Where any site owner or user is in doubt about the protection requirements for any particular location, the
appropriate authority should be consulted.
F.4 Protection Arrangements

The purpose of any protection arrangement should be to provide a suitable path to ground for the
lightning current, to ensure adequate bonding between structures and all metalwork on the site and the
common grounding system in order to reduce the side flashing, and to attempt to prevent the entry of
flashes or surges into the building.
The resistance to ground should be kept to a minimum and a value of less than 10-ohms is
recommended. The most important feature is that the system should ideally be at equal potential across
the entire site.
Certain authorities and service providers have their own particular practices, which have to be followed
where applicable.
It is suggested that you contact a professional who is familiar with grounding principles and procedures to
assist you in your grounding requirements.

Bibliography
ITU - T K.ITU – T K.40 Protection against LEMP (Lightning ElectroMagnetic
Pulse) in telecommunications centers
ITU - T K.ITU – K.27 Bonding configurations and earthing inside a

telecommunication building
ITU - T K.ITU – T K.35 Bonding configurations and earthing at remote electronic

sites
ITU - T K.ITU - T K.39 Risk assessment of damages to telecommunications

sites due to lightning discharges
ITU – T LightninITU – T Lightning Handbook The protection of telecommunication lines and equipment
against lightning discharges
IEEE Emerald Book - Powering and Grounding
The “Grounds” for Lightning and EMP (Electromagnetic Pulse) Protection, second edition
Published by PolyPhaser Corporation


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Version 3.

3 604-800008-M April 2003

SPECIAL WARRANTY NOTICE

IMPORTANT OPERATING NOTICE

PROFESSIONAL INSTALLATION REQUIRED

Version 3.3 Page i April 2003

MICROWAVE RADIO RADIATION WARNING

Version 3.3 Page ii April 2003

Section 2 Equipment Installation and Commissioning 8

Section 3 Maintenance and Troubleshooting 19

Section 4 Where To Get Further Assistance 21

Appendix A – Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) 22

Appendix B – Microwave Antenna Radiation Warning 24

Appendix C – UNII Band Information 25

Appendix D – Cable and Connector Information 26

Appendix E – Theory of Operation 27

Appendix F – Grounding Practices and Lightning Protection Information 29

Version 3.3 Page iii April 2003

Figure 2.1 – DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information...........................................................10

Figure 2.2b – Siamese Ethernet and Power Cable ..............................................................................12

Figure 2.3 – Single Cable Version Connections...................................................................................13

Figure 2.4 – Outdoor Unit Mounting Hardware.....................................................................................14

Figure 2.7a – Latching Bracket to Pole Mount .....................................................................................16

Figure 2.8b – Plugging the Single Cable Version.................................................................................16

Figure 2.9a – N-Type Antenna and Siamese Ethernet/Power Connections ........................................17

Figure 3.1 – Frequency Selection for the EX-1 Radio..........................................................................20

Version 3.3 Page iv April 2003

Table 2.1 – DIP Switch Configuration.....................................................................................................9

Table 2.2 – Inventory of Tools ..............................................................................................................11

Table 2.3 – Inventory of Equipment and Installation Materials.............................................................11

Table 2.4 – Installation Checklist..........................................................................................................18

Table 2.5 – Typical RSSI voltage vs. Receive Signal Level.................................................................18

Table D.1 – Data/Power Interface, Single Cable Version ....................................................................26

Table D.2 – Connector Pin Assignment, 10 Base T Connector on Radius..........................................26

Version 3.3 Page v April 2003

Version 3.3 Page vi April 2003

1.1 Introduction to the EX-1 Ethernet Bridge

Version 3.3 Page 1 April 2003

Figure 1.2 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration

Version 3.3 Page 2 April 2003

Figure 1.3 – Typical Deployment of an EX-1 in a Point-to-Point Configuration

Version 3.3 Page 3 April 2003

1.2 EX-1 Features

1.3.1 General Specifications

1.3.2 Transmitter Specifications

Version 3.3 Page 4 April 2003

1.3.3 Receiver Specifications

*Tolerance of Interferers (on adjacent channels):

1.3.5 Power Requirements

Version 3.3 Page 5 April 2003

1.3.6 Environmental Specifications

Table 1.1 – Recommended Antennas

1.5 EX-1 Interfaces and Switches

Version 3.3 Page 6 April 2003

1.6 Signal Level Monitoring

Version 3.3 Page 7 April 2003

2.1 Configuring and Testing the System

2.2 DIP Switch Function and Configuration

Version 3.3 Page 8 April 2003

Table 2.1 – DIP Switch Configuration

Version 3.3 Page 9 April 2003

Figure 2.1 – DIP Switch Access and Configuration Information

Version 3.3 Page 10 April 2003

Table 2.2 – Inventory of Tools