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Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

Experiment 1 Measurement of viscosity of different types of fluid Objective


To determine the viscosity of different types of fluid. To measure a multiple speeds and interchangeable spindles result in a large selection of viscosity ranges.

Overview
Measuring viscosity is an effective way to know the state (properties of matter) or fluidity of a liquid or gas. It plays an important role in the quality control and in various research and development stages of a wide range of industries. iscosity! which is also called a viscosity coefficient! is a measure of a fluid"s resistance to flow. It is the substance constant indicating the magnitude of the fluidity of a fluid. iscous fluid is divided into two broad categories# $ewtonian fluid! sub%ect to $ewton"s law of viscosity! viscosity is constant regardless of the shear rate (&'M). $on($ewtonian fluid! which is not sub%ect to $ewton"s law of viscosity! viscosity changes according to the shear rate (&'M). )s viscosity units! ' (poise) ! c' (centi(poise) *+, unit system or 'a.s (pascal second)! m'a.s (mili pascal second) ,I unit system are used. Brookfield Viscometer The -rookfield iscometer is of the rotational variety. It measures the torque required to rotate an immersed element (the spindle) in a fluid. The spindle is driven by a motor through a calibrated spring. deflection of the spring is indicated by a pointer and dial (or a digital display). The viscous drag or resistance to flow is indicated by the degree to which the spring winds up. -y utili/ing a multiple speed transmission and interchangeable spindles! a variety of viscosity ranges can be measured. Measurements made by using the same spindle at different speeds are used to detect and evaluate rheological properties of the test fluid.

Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

1igure 0# iscometer

Experimental Procedure
0. 2. 4. 'our the sample into the beaker. )ssemble the 3 spindle no. 0 onto the viscometer. 3evel the viscometer and lower the spindle into the sample until the surface of sample level with the groove marked on the spindle. The spindle should be placed at the centre of the beaker. *heck the level of viscometer again. ,elect the desired speed. ,witch on the viscometer motor. )llow time for indicated reading to stabili/e. ) minimum of 6 revolutions is recommended before taking any reading. To take a reading! depress the clutch lever and hold it in the down position. 9ith the lever still depressed! switch off the motor. &ecord the reading! indicated by the red pointer on dial (; torque). For maximum accurac do not ta!e readin"s #elo$ 10% tor&ue' &epeat the measurements at least two times and obtain an average reading. &epeat with three other different speed. 2

5. 6. 7. 8. :. <. 0=.

Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

00. 02.

&epeat step 0 to : for 3 spindle no. 2! 4 and 5. *alculate the viscosity in centipoise (c') by multiplying the dial reading by the factor for various spindle as shown in the table below# ,pindle $o. 0 2 4 5 7 0= 6= 2== 0=== ,peed (rpm) 02 4= 6 2 26 0= 0== 5= 6== 2== 7= 0 6 2= 0==

>ial reading x 1actor ? iscosity in c' (m'a.s)

Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

Results
Type of fluid ? @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ,peed (rpm) ,pindle $o. 0 2 4 5 7 >ial reading 0 2 02 >ial reading 0 2 4= >ial reading 0 2 7= >ial reading 0 2 iscosity (c') 7 02 4= 7=

Type of fluid ? @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ,peed (rpm) 02 4= >ial reading >ial reading 0 2 0 2

,pindle $o. 0 2 4 5

7 >ial reading 0 2

7= >ial reading 0 2

iscosity (c') 7 02 4= 7=

Type of fluid ? @@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@ ,peed (rpm) ,pindle 7 02 4= 7= iscosity (c')

Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

$o. 0 2 4 5

>ial reading 0 2

>ial reading 0 2

>ial reading 0 2

>ial reading 0 2

02

4=

7=

Fluid Mechanics (CLB 11003) Experiment 1: Measurement of viscosit of different t pes of fluid

Discussion
0. >etermine the difference between four calculated viscosities for different speed. >iscuss how the spindle"s speed of rotation and the spindle si/e and shape affect the viscosity reading. 2. 'lot a graph of viscosity along A(aBis versus spindle speed (rpm) along the B(aBis (Aou can use data of spindle 0). >etermine the categories of the test fluid ($ewtonian or $on(newtonian).

Tutorial
0. 2. 4. >efine $ewtonian and $on(newtonian fluid. Cow does the viscosity of liquid vary with temperatureD 9hat is the cause of viscosity in liquidsD

References
0. Eoseph -. 1ran/ini. Fluid Mechanics. 0=th Fd. Mc+rawCill (2==2). 2. Eohn 1. >ouglas. Fluid Mechanics $ith En"ineerin" (pplications. 5th Fd. 'rentice Call (2==0). 4. $oel de $evers. Fluid Mechanics for Chemical En"ineers. 2nd Fd. Mc+raw Cill (0<<0).

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