NON-LINEAR TIME HISTORY OF LARGE CONCRETE DAM CONSIDERING NEAR FIELD EFFECT

Presented By: Ravi Sharma Bhandari

Supervisor: Dr. Hari Ram Parajuli

PRESENTATION OUTLINE
Introduction Research Objective Research Methodology Near-Fault Earthquake Characteristics Ground Motion and Their Characteristics Finite Element Modeling of Gravity Dam Structural Performance and Damage Criteria Time History Numerical Solution Techniques

INTRODUCTION
Large numbers of large hydropower projects are planned in Nepal for near future. Proper Analysis of Seismic forces is a matter of concern before the construction of these dam. Since the Northridge and Kobe earthquakes, there has been much discussion about the adequacy of design practice of concrete dams. Two significant damage to concrete dam occurred in the 1960s: Hsinfengkiang in China and Koyna in India. The damage was severe enough but no complete collapse, required major repairs and strengthening.

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Performance Study of concrete gravity dams under near field earthquake pulse and comparison to the far field earthquake effects. To illustrate the application of linear and nonlinear time history methods to earthquake response analysis of gravity dams. To assess stability condition of the dam. Locations of occurrence of probable cracks on dam during Earthquake.

NEAR-FAULT EARTHQUAKE CHARACTERISTICS

The near-field of an earthquake is the region within which distinct pulse-like particle motion are observed due to a coherent release and propagation of energy from the fault rupture process. The near-field ground motions are characterized by high peak acceleration (PGA), high peak velocity (PVG), high peak displacement (PGD), pulse-like time history and unique spectral content.
Source of Ground Motion Data: (peer.berkeley.edu/peer_ground_motion_database)

NEAR-FAULT EARTHQUAKE CHARACTERISTICS CONTD.

Near-Fault Earthquake record Characteristics: i. Peak horizontal ground acceleration (PHGA) ii. Cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), iii. Peak horizontal ground velocity (PHGV) iv. Arias intensity (IA) , v. The damage potential parameter proposed by Fajfar et al. (1990), (I), vi. The root mean square acceleration (arms),

NEAR-FAULT EARTHQUAKE CHARACTERISTICS CONTD

Table :Ground motion parameters, measured characteristics and lower-bound values

Source: The 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China Identification of Near-Fault Earthquake Record Characteristics Ch.A. Maniatakis, I.M. Taflampas and C.C. Spyrakos

GROUND MOTION AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS

Selection of Ground Motion: 15 Near Field and 15 Far Field Ground Motions data are selected for this study. Ground Motion Data recorded within about 10 m from the fault is assumed as near-field data. Ground Motion Characteristics: 1. Amplitude 2. Frequency Content 3. Duration of Motion These Characteristics differ dramatically between nearfield and Far-field ground Motions.

Near-Field Ground Motion Time History: Imperial Valley-06 PGA = 0.44 g

GROUND MOTION AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS CONTD..

PGA = 0.40 g

Fault Normal acceleration time history

Fault Parallel acceleration time history

Pulse Like Ground Motion

Fault normal velocity time history

Fault parallel velocity time history

Fault Normal Fourier amplitude Spectrum

Fault parallel Fourier amplitude Spectrum

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF GRAVITY DAM

Properties of Concrete: Youngs Modulus = 22360 N/mm2 Poisson's Ration = 0.19 Density = 2400 kg/m3 Number of Elements = 9900 Height = 140 m Base = 150 m Properties of Foundation Rock: Rock Type: Dolomite Youngs Modulus = 38000 N/mm2 Poisson's Ration = 0.15 Density = Massless for modeling purpose Number of Elements = 7500 Size: 450 m X 150 m

Figure : Standard Finite Element Model of Gravity Dam

FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF GRAVITY DAM CONTD Equation Of Motion:

Forces acting on the Dam:

Self Weight of Dam Hydrostatic Force Uplift Force Hydro-Dynamic Force Horizontal and Vertical Ground Motions

Hydro-Dynamic Force: Westergaard Added Mass Model

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE AND DAMAGE CRITERIA

1. Demand-Capacity Ratio: of plain concrete is defined as the ratio of computed tensile stress to tensile strength of the concrete. Tensile Strength of Concrete: Dynamic Tensile Strength of Concrete =
Where, fc is the compressive strength of concrete in psi.

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE AND DAMAGE CRITERIA

Structural Performance and Damage Criteria Contd..

Figure : Basis for upper limit demand-capacity ratio and cumulative inelastic duration

STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE AND DAMAGE CRITERIA CONTD..

2. Cumulative Inelastic Duration

3. Extent of Damage or Nonlinear Behavior

Load Combinations:
Seismic Loads Case 1 2 3 4 Vertical (V) + + Horizontal (H) + + Static Loads (Stress) + + + +

TIME HISTORY NUMERICAL SOLUTION TECHNIQUES

Equation of Motion Method Of Time History Analysis: 1. Direct Integration Method 2. Mode Superposition Method
Mode 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Period, Seconds 0.47 0.23 0.19 0.13 0.09 0.0855 0.071 0.067 0.054 0.044 Frequency, Hz 2.12 4.35 5.26 7.69 11.11 11.69 14.08 14.92 18.51 22.73

TIME HISTORY NUMERICAL SOLUTION TECHNIQUES COND

Near-Fault Response
Load Case: V + H (FN) + Static Load

Far-Fault Response
Load Case: V + H (FN) + Static Load

Load Case: V + H (FP) + Static Load

Load Case: V + H (FP) + Static Load

Figure: Horizontal Stress Contours

Figure: Vertical Stress Contours

Figure: Horizontal Stress Contours

Figure: Vertical Stress Contours

REMAINING TASK:
Linear Time History analysis for all the selected set of Earthquakes Non-Linear Time History Analysis Interpretation of Result Preparation of Final Report

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

ARE THERE ANY QUESTIONS?