GOM ARAMIS Tensile-Testing Nov2013

ARAMIS Application Tensile Test GOM December 3, 2013
Tensile Tests Overview

2-Frame Setup / Frame 1 2-Frame Setup / Frame 2
What is the Tensile Test and what kind of Specimens are used?
Why is a Tensile Test carried out?

What kind of Material Parameters are derived from the Tensile Test? How are Tensile Tests measured and evaluated with common Measurement Devices and ARAMIS? Which System Configuration is suitable and what are the main Differences?
3-Frame Setup / Frame 1
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ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM
Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test?

During Tensile Tests standardized Specimens are loaded under Tension Load until Material Failure
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Usage of a Loading Device, usually Universal Testing Machines are used, which are available from different Manufactures Instron MTS Zwick Shimadzu Hegewald und Peschke and others World-Wide
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Usage of a Loading Device, usually Universal Testing Machines are used, which are available from different Manufactures Instron MTS Zwick Shimadzu Hegewald und Peschke and others World-Wide The Testing Machine must be equipped with a Load Cell to record the applied Load on the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test
3-Frame Setup / Frame 1 3-Frame Setup / Frame 2 3-Frame Setup / Frame 3
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Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose
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Quasi-static Tensile Test Usually long parallel Length
L0
L0
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Quasi-static Tensile Test Usually long parallel Length
Plane or cylindrical Shape
L0
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Quasi-static Tensile Test High Speed Tensile Test
Usually small parallel Length
L0
L0
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Quasi-static Tensile Test High Speed Tensile Test
High Temperature Tensile Test

Usually long parallel Length Cylindrical Shape
L0
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Tensile Tests Why is a Tensile Test carried out?

Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized These Material Parameters are based on the Evaluation of Strain and Stress
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized These Material Parameters are based on the Evaluation of Strain and Stress Strain Values are evaluated from the Measurement of the Change of Length and Change of Width of the Tensile Specimen
Longitudinal Strain:
y= x=
L L0
L0 B B0 B0
Transversal Strain:
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized These Material Parameters are based on the Evaluation of Strain and Stress Change of Lengths / Strain Measurement
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized These Material Parameters are based on the Evaluation of Strain and Stress Change of Lengths / Strain Measurement The Stress () is evaluated considering a uni-axial Stress State along the specimen, the Change of the Intersection Area (A) of the Test Specimen and the Load / Force (F) acting on it Stress:
F A
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized These Material Parameters are based on the Evaluation of Strain and Stress Change of Lengths / Strain Measurement Stress Calculation
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized Stress Strain Curve
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized Stress Strain Curve Derived Material Parameters from Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Yield Strength Tensile Strength
N-Value
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Why is a Tensile Test carried out? The Tensile Test is performed to determine Material Parameters standardized Stress Strain Curve Derived Material Parameters from Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Yield Strength Tensile Strength
Stress Strain Curve Independent Material Parameters
Poissons Ratio
R-Value
N-Value
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Tensile Tests Material Parameters

Stress Strain Curve Description of the Ratio between Stress and Strain Curve
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Stress Strain Curve Description of the Ratio between Stress and Strain Curve Evaluation of Stress Strain Curve Technical Stress
Not considering local Specimen Deformation

Based on constant Specimen Width and Thickness
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True Stress
Considering local Specimen Deformation Change of Specimen Width and Thickness is evaluated from the local Measuring Data of the Test Specimens Surface
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True Stress
Considering local Specimen Deformation Change of Specimen Width and Thickness is evaluated from the local Measuring Data of the Test Specimens Surface
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True Stress
Rm: Point or greatest Technical Stress Ag: Corresponding Strain to greatest Stress Rm Sf: Fracture Stress
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Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Defined as Gradient in the elastic Area of the Stress Strain Curve Constant Value
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Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Defined as Gradient in the elastic Area of the Stress Strain Curve Constant Value Rp02
Defined as Transition between elastic and plastic Deformation

Shift of the Gradient Line to 0.2% of Elongation (after ISO 6892-1 norm) Rp02
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Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Rp02 N-Value Describes the Hardening of Metal Materials in the Area of uniform Elongation Constant Value Defined as Gradient of the Stress Strain Curve between 10% and 20% Deformation
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Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Rp02 N-Value Poisson Ratio Description of the Ratio of Expansion and Compression in the elastic Range of Deformation Constant Value
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Stress Strain Curve Youngs Modulus Rp02 N-Value Poisson Ratio R-Value Description of the longitudinal Anisotropy for Metal Materials Constant Value
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Common Measuring Devices
Tensile Tests Common Measurement Devices

Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Reference length: 50mm, 80mm,
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Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Universal Testing Machine Measurement of the Travel of the Traverse
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Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Universal Testing Machine Extensometers Tactile Extensometers
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Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Universal Testing Machine Extensometers Tactile Extensometers Video Extensometers
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Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Universal Testing Machine Extensometers Tactile Extensometers Video Extensometers Laser Extensometers
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Strain Measurement Methods One Strain Value is usually derived from the Measurement of the Change of Length of the Test Specimen during the Tensile Test Universal Testing Machine Extensometers Length Measurement Only based on two Points Fixed Strain Reference Length, thus the local Sampling is limited Different Materials and Specimen Geometries may require different Extensometers
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Optical 3D Test Setup
Tensile Tests Optical 3D Test Setup

The ARAMIS Stereo Camera Setup is setup and positioned in front of the Universal Test Machine
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The ARAMIS Stereo Camera Setup is setup and positioned in front of the Universal Test Machine The ARAMIS System includes
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The ARAMIS Stereo Camera Setup is setup and positioned in front of the Universal Test Machine The ARAMIS System includes Stereo Camera Sensor Lenses
Calibration Objects
Illumination 3D Setup for the Measurement of Test Specimens Response in 3D Space
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The ARAMIS Stereo Camera Setup is setup and positioned in front of the Universal Test Machine The ARAMIS System includes Stereo Camera Sensor Sensor Control Device
Synchronization of Tensile Test with Image Acquisition in terms of recording the Load Signal from the Load Cell installed in the Universal Testing Machine
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The ARAMIS Stereo Camera Setup is setup and positioned in front of the Universal Test Machine The ARAMIS System includes Stereo Camera Sensor Sensor Control Device
Image Evaluation PC
19 Rack-mount Notebook (only for ARAMIS 2M and 5M)
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ARAMIS System System Overview

System
Resolution
Framerate
Sensor
Illumination
Control PC
ARAMIS 2M
1624 x 1236 (812 x 618)
15Hz (Binning: 29Hz)
Adjustable and fixed base

Adjustable and fixed base Adjustable and fixed base
Integrated LED
Notebook or 19 PC
ARAMIS 5M
2448 x 2050 (1224 x 1024)
7Hz (Notebook) 15Hz 19 PC (Binning: 29Hz) 168Hz 1334Hz
Integrated LED
Notebook or 19 PC
ARAMIS 4M
2400 x 1728 2400 x 168
Integrated LED
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS 12M
4000 x 3000 4000 x 370

1280 x 1024 1280 x 128 2048 x 2048 ... 64 x 32
58Hz 464Hz

Adjustable and fixed base Adjustable Item based base
Integrated LED
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS HS
500Hz 4000Hz
External Halogen
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS HHS
Up to 1.000.000Hz
External Halogen
Notebook or 19 PC
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Principle of optical 3D Measurement Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
Tensile Tests Principle of Optical 3D Measurement

Digital Image Correlation (DIC)
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Stochastic or deterministic Pattern Pattern follows the Deformation of the Test Specimen under Load or Motion
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Reference Image is recorded before the Tensile Test starts to provide a Reference for all Displacement and Strain Calculation This Reference Image can be understood as a Displacement and Strain Calibration
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Reference Image Acquisition of Images during the Tensile Test
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Reference Image Acquisition of Images during the Tensile Test To evaluate the Youngs Modulus and the Poisson Ratio a larger Number Images must be recorded during the Beginning of the Test, while the Specimen deforms elastically After the Transition from elastic to plastic Deformation a lower Images Acquisition Frequency is typically used
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Additionally the Image Acquisition Frequency can be aligned to sample the Fracture Behavior of the Test Specimen
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Image Processing Pattern Recognition using Digital Image Correlation
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Image Processing 3D Coordinates Image Coordinates based on Facet Centers
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Image Processing 3D Coordinates 3D Displacements and Velocity
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Digital Image Correlation (DIC) Preparation of Tensile Test Specimen Image Acquisition Image Processing 3D Coordinates 3D Displacements and Velocity Strain Tensor Major and Minor Strain Strain in X, Y, Shear Strain Thickness Reduction Strain Rates for all Strain Measures
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Tensile Test Evaluation in ARAMIS
ARAMIS Tensile Test Evaluation

ARAMIS Measurement Project Evaluation Image Acquisition
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ARAMIS Measurement Project Evaluation Image Acquisition ARAMIS Measurement Project Definition and Image Processing
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ARAMIS Measurement Project Evaluation Image Acquisition ARAMIS Measurement Project Definition and Image Processing 3D Measurement Data Post-Processing
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ARAMIS Measurement Project Evaluation Image Acquisition ARAMIS Measurement Project Definition and Image Processing 3D Measurement Data Post-Processing Calculation of Tensile Test relevant Material Parameters
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Local Effects on Specimens Surface
ARAMIS Local Effects on Specimens Surface

Due to high Resolution local Effects are automatically sampled and can thus be analyzed
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Due to high Resolution local Effects are automatically sampled and can thus be analyzed Lders Bands
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Due to high Resolution local Effects are automatically sampled and can thus be analyzed Lders Bands Flow Fronts
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Due to high Resolution local Effects are automatically sampled and can thus be analyzed Lders Bands Flow Fronts Necking and Specimen Failure
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test System Configurations and Differences for the Application of Tensile Testing
ARAMIS System System Overview

System
Resolution
Framerate
Sensor
Illumination
Control PC
ARAMIS 2M
1624 x 1236 (812 x 618)
15Hz (Binning: 29Hz)

Adjustable and fixed base Adjustable and fixed base
Integrated LED
Notebook or 19 PC
ARAMIS 5M
2448 x 2050 (1224 x 1024)
7Hz (Notebook) 15Hz 19 PC (Binning: 29Hz) 168Hz 1334Hz
Integrated LED
Notebook or 19 PC
ARAMIS 4M
2400 x 1728 2400 x 168
Integrated LED
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS 12M
4000 x 3000 4000 x 370

1280 x 1024 1280 x 128 2048 x 2048 ... 64 x 32
58Hz 464Hz

Adjustable and fixed base Adjustable Item based base
Integrated LED
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS HS
500Hz 4000Hz
External Halogen
Only 19 PC
ARAMIS HHS
Up to 1.000.000Hz
External Halogen
Notebook or 19 PC
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ARAMIS System Differences

Differences for different Sensor Configurations
Area of Interest
Measurement Areas of different Sensors
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Area of Interest
A greater Camera Resolution leads to a larger Field of View with the same local Measurement Resolution
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Area of Interest
A greater Camera Resolution leads to a larger Field of View with the same local Measurement Resolution Adjusting the same Field of View will lead to a better local Measuring Resolution
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Area of Interest
A greater Camera Resolution leads to a larger Field of View with the same local Measurement Resolution Adjusting the same Field of View will lead to a better local Measuring Resolution
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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test Evaluation Tool
ARAMIS Tensile Testing Evaluation Tool

Free ARAMIS Evaluation Tool is available Macro Manual
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Thank you for your attention
info@gom.com www.gom.com
Rev. A (en) 09072013

GOM ARAMIS Tensile-Testing Nov2013

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ARAMIS Application Tensile Test GOM December 3, 2013

Tensile Tests Overview

Why is a Tensile Test carried out?

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test?

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test?

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test?

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose

Plane or cylindrical Shape

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose

Usually small parallel Length

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests What is the Tensile Test? Specimen Geometries

Standardized Specimen Geometries are used depending on the Testing Purpose

High Temperature Tensile Test

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests Why is a Tensile Test carried out?

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests Why is a Tensile Test carried out?

3-Frame Setup / Frame 1

3-Frame Setup / Frame 2

3-Frame Setup / Frame 3

ARAMIS Tensile Tests GOM

Tensile Tests Why is a Tensile Test carried out?