Universiti F'1 Malaysia V PAHANG

FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE LECTURER DATE DURATION SEMESTERISESSION PROGRAMME CODE : : : : : : POWER SYSTEM OPERATION & CONTROL BEE4173 MUHAMMAD IKRAM BIN MOHD RASHID 4 JANUARY 2012 3 HOURS SEMESTER I SESSION 2011/2012 BEP

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. 4. This question paper consists of FOUR(4) questions. Answer ALL questions. All answers to a new question should start on new page. All the calculations and assumptions must be clearly stated. Candidates are not allowed to bring any material other than those allowed by the invigilator into the examination room.

EXAMINATION REQUIREMENTS APPENDIX - Table of formulas

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of SEVEN(7) printed pages including front page

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 1

BEP 111211BEE4173

(a) Define an economic dispatch in power system. [2 MARKS] [CO1,PO1,C1] (b) A system consists of 2 plants connected by transmission line and a load only at plant. The two plants incremental fuel cost in RM/MWh are approximately: A i = 0.01P1+8.5 22 = 0.015P2 + 9.5 When 200 MW is transmitted from 1St plant to 2' plant the power loss in the transmission line is 16 MW. Determine: (i) (ii) The required economic generation for each plant. The power received by the load for a system which equal to 12.50 RM/MWh. [10 MARKS] [CO3,P03,C3J

G1 V-(:D Load Figure 1

CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 111211BEE4173

(c) Consider 3 generators Gi, G2 and G3 operating in the pool system with loads 1 and 2 which shown in Figure 2. Each generator has a maximum capacity and bid price for their power indicated in Table 1 below. Loads 1 and 2 are 360 MW and 140 MW respectively. Each transmission line is limited to 100 MW.

Load 1

Load 2 Figure 2 Table 1

Generator Gi G2 G3

Max Capacity (MW)

450

Bid Price
RM 15/MWh

200 100

RM2O/MWh R1v125/MWh

Determine: The System Marginal Price (SMP), Pool Purchase Price (PPP), and Pool Selling Price (PSP). (ii) Total generation income and demand charges for both unconstrained and constrained dispatch. Loss of load Probability (LOLP) is assumed to be 0. (iii) Pool Purchase Price (PPP) when LOLP is 0.00015 and VOLL is RM23 OOIMWh.
[13 MARKS] [CO3,P03,C3]

(i)

CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 111211BEE4173

QUESTION 2

(a) Draw a block diagram of a governor prime mover rotating mass load model. [6 MARKS] [CO1,1`01,C21 (b) 2 identical alternators 4 MVA operate in parallel. The governor of the first machine is such that drops from 50 Hz on no load to 47.5 Hz on full load. The corresponding drop for the second machine is 50 Hz to 48 Hz. A load of 6 MW are shared by the two machines, determine: (i) (ii) Power produced by each machine to supply the load System frequency at this load [9 MARKS] [CO2,P03,C3] (c) Two areas connected by a tie line with the characteristics given in Table 2: Table 2 Areal R=0.Ol2pu
D=0.75pu

Area R=0.O2pu D=1.2pu MVA base = 500

MVA base = 500

A load change of 20 MW occurs in area 1. Assume both areas at nominal frequency (5014z) to begin. Calculate: (i) (ii) (iii) Steady-state frequency for the system Power change in tie flow from Area 1 to Area 2 Change in generation for each area [10 MARKS] [CO2,P03,C3]

CONF]DENTIAL

BEP 11121'BEE4173

QUESTION 3 (a) Consider a synchronous generator feeding into a power system as shown in Figure 3. Prove all the expressions for active and reactive power can be given as:

PA =

-i sinS

EV

E2 EV

QA=

-1 COS

= -i sin (5 where P = real output power Q = reactive output power E = internal voltage o = phase displacement angle V = infinite bus voltage X = Reactance
IL

EV

EV

V2

QB=kcosS x

I
VLO SB

SA

ELS

Figure 3 [15 MARKS] [CO2,1`03,0]

(b) An alternator having reactance Xd of 0.35 Pu

1S connected

to an infinite bus through a

feeder having reactance 0.35 pu. The alternator delivers 1.0 Pu current at 1.0 Pu voltage and power factor 0.86 leading to an infinite bus. Determine: (i) (ii) P, Q, E and 8 at receiving end, If the excitation is increased by 15 %, calculate P, Q, E and 8 [10 MARKS] [CO2,1`03,0]
5

CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 4

BEP 11121/BEE4173

(a) Define the term SCADA and justify THREE (3) reasons why SCADA had been design in power system application? [4 MARKS] [C04,PO1,PO2,PO7,C2] (b) Briefly describe TWO (2) benefits of utilizing FACTS devices. [5 MARKS] [C04,PO1,P02,P07,C2] (c) Discuss in brief the following term: (i) (ii) Master units Remote units [6 MARKS] [C04,PO1,P02,PO7,C2]

(d) Figure 4 show a 230 kV line is fed through an 33/230 kV transformer from a constant 33 kV supply. At the load end of the line the voltage is reduced by another transformer of nominal ratio 230/11 Ky . The total impedance of the line and transformer at 230 KY is (30+j80) ohms. Both transformers are equipped with tapchanging facilities which are arranged so that the product of two off-nominal settings is unity. If the load on the system is 150 MW at 0.9 p.f. lagging, calculate the settings of the tap changers required to maintain the voltage of the load bus at 11kV. [Use a base of 100MVA] [10 MARKS] [CO2,P03,PO4,C3] V 1 =230kV V2=230KV

Vs
i:t3 Figure 4
tr:I

END OF QUESTION PAPER 6

CONFIDENTIAL

BEP 111211BEE4173

APPENDIX - Table of Formulas

p(k) I ng

Sine, cosine and tangent of a sum

2(y+Afl11)

p(kL..pp_p(k)

siii(AB) sin A cos B + cos A sin B cos (A B) = cos A cos .8 +sinAshiB tanA tanB an(A B) = 1 tan tan B

VLaP, where
ng Y

I-

i=1 2(yj

,%(k+1)

= 2( k ) +A2(k)

AcD

11 R1 R2
AW

R=pu AP

ts Vl

RP + QX trlJZ