5 : Gisselle Mildred V.

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C A B

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I. Multiple Choices. Shade the letter of the best answer. 1. All of the following statements are true, except a. All extant groups and subgroups of the clade shown above exhibits monophyly. b. The presence of a eustele stellar type separates the extant Lignophytes from the extinct ones. c. Coniferae exhibits polytomy. d. Ginkgophyta is more closely related to the Conifers than the Cycads. e. All statements are true. The entire Lignophyta shares the same synapomorphic features a. Heterospory b. Cork Cambium c. Vascular Cambium d. Both B and C e. All of the choices The term bifacial development of the Lignophyta refers to the (refer to #2 choices) d. Both B and C How many synapomorphic featueres do Podocarpaceae and Phyllocladaceae have? 5.

6.

2.

7.

3. 4.

8.

a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. none of the choices Annual rings are used to date wood but less likely applicable to tropical countries due to a. Temperature is constant all year round in tropical countries. b. Temperate regions exhibit 4 seasons per year. c. Soil composition differs between regions. d. Both A and B e. All of the choices Dendrochronology studies wood in relation to a. Time b. Climate c. Environmental conditions d. History e. All of the choices Annual rings are formed as the _____ develops. a. Primary xylem b. Cork cambium c. Secondary xylem d. Both A & C e. All of the choices Secondary xylem: _____; phelloderm: _____ a. inside; inside

5 : Gisselle Mildred V. Paulo 2Bio7

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b. cork cambium; vascular system c. inside; outside d. Both A and B e. Both B and C For #s 9-13, refer to the following choices: a. Heterospory b. Endospory c. Reduction to 1 megaspore d. Retention of megaspore e. Evolution of integument and micropyle 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. Development of the female gametophyte within the original spore wall Accompanied by the reduction in the thickness of the megaspore wall Development of two types of spores Formation of abortive megaspores Evolution of a tissue that envelops the megasporangium except the distal ends

b. Eustele c. Atactostele d. Pollen tube e. None of the choices 20. The species of Archeopteris and Medullosa somewhat resembles the extant seed plants due to the presence of a. Wood b. Fern-like foliage c. Heterospory d. Development of secondary xylem e. Both A and D For #s 21-30, refer to the following letters affixed on the taxa as shown in the phylogenetic tree: 21. Maidenhair tree family 22. Abies, Cedrus, Loriz, Pseudotsuga 23. Includes plant family that do not possess a female cone 24. Zamiaceae 25. Pollen striate, vessels porate 26. Seed cones reduced to one ovule, seeds surrounded by fleshy aril 27. Seeds surrounded by a fleshy receptacle 28. Leaves acicular or needle-like; seeds two per ovuliferous scale; pollen grains saccate 29. Ovules 1 per scale 30. Seed cones with numerous seeds per scale II. True or False. Shade A if the statement is correct, otherwise shade B. 31. Zamiaceae is the family under Cycadophyta that develops female seed cones. 32. Ginkgoaceae is more closely related to the conifers than the cycads. 33. The Pinaceae-Pinopsida group under the Coniferae is considered the most basal. If false, why is it not said in the Gymnosperms? 34. Conifer cones evolved by developing bracts and an ovuliferous scale. 35. Four of the 6 families of Cupressopsida include Araucariaceae, Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae and Taxaceae. 36. Taxol is derived from T. brevifolia which is a compound had shown potential in treating ovarian cancer. 37. Striated pollen and porate vessels are amongst the apomorphies of Gnetales. 38. The Magnoliophyta is sister to the Gymnosperms. 39. Unlike the Gymnosperms, the Angiosperms develop flowers bearing carpels and/or stamens. 40. Androecium: stamens; Gynoecium: pistils 41. A pistil may consist of one or more carpels. 42. Flowers that are dichlamydeous possess a distinct corolla and calyx. 43. Following the ABC model, both sepals and petals require transcription factor A in order for them to be expressed. 44. Both petals and stamens require 2 transcription factors for the said plant organ to undergo formation. 45. Arabidopsis thaliana is the model species of plants as is to Drosophila in animals. insects BUT maybe true as insects are animals 46. In an angiosperm, a flower that has 20 stamens will have 40 thecae and 80 microsporangia. 47. Stamens may either be laminar or filamentous depending on species.

14. In extinct seed plants, the main mechanism to receive the pollen is through a. Lagenostomes b. Telomes c. Pollination droplet d. Both A and B e. All of the choices 15. When the microspores divide mitotically, they will form a. Microsporangium b. Antheridium c. Pollen grain d. Sperm cell e. None of the choices 16. The migration of the sperm cells to the fertilization chamber where it swims directly to the archegonium exhibits a. Plasmogamy b. Siphonogamy c. Zooidogamy d. Seismonasty e. Nutation 17. The other mechanism of the sperm delivery where the pollen tube grows directly to the archegonium is exhibited by a. Gnetales b. Conifers c. Cycads d. Both A and B e. Both B and C 18. Compared to lower vascular plants, seed plants had evolved with this mechanism allows the embryo to be protected from the environment. a. Seed coat b. Endosperms c. Enzymatic catalysis d. Both A & B e. All of the choices 19. This corresponds to single ring of vascular bundles exhibited by seed plants a.

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48. The male gametophyte in angiosperms is reduced to being 3-celled; 2 sperms and 1 tube cell. 49. The major adaptive mechanism of the carpel includes the site for pollen germination and pollen tube growth. 50. Angiosperms are bitegmic due to the development of 2 integuments unlike the unitegmic gymnosperms. 51. As an exemption to the development of 2 integuments, both Poales and Asterids are unitegmic thus exhibiting reversal type of homoplasy. 52. The most recent system of classifying Angiosperms is on the basis of the APG III system revised in 2009. 53. Evolution of the flowering plants is largely driven by pollination mechanisms. 54. In the reduction of the 3-celled male gametophyte in angiosperms, the constituting cells are the tube cell containing the 2 sperm cells. 55. The 2 sperm cells are derived from a haploid pre-mitotic generative cell in an immature pollen grain. 56. One of the evidences in the modification of the megasporophyll forming the carpels is the presence of vascular bundles primarily located on the two lateral sides and the midvein. 57. Endosperm formation of in the seeds of the angiosperms had taken place after the double fertilization of the polar nuclei. 58. The 8 nuclei in the female angiosperm gametophyte constitutes to the: 3 antipodal cells, 2 polar nuclei, 2 synegid cells, and 1 egg cell. 59. From the mentioned cells above, the one located in the chalazal region are the synegergids surrounding the egg cell. 60. The opposite pole of the chalazal region breaks open to the micropyle. III. Multiple Choices. Referring to the figure given below, shade the letter of the best answer for the numbers indicated per question.

61 & 62. The ABC model of floral development constitutes to transcription factors. Thus, ABC are considered a. mRNA b. DNA c. Amino acid sequences d. proteins e. none of the choices 63 & 64. The process in which the transcription factors are expressed depending on their phenotype is a. replication b. transcription c. translation d. all of the choices e. none of the choices 65 & 66. AP2 and AP3 are transcription factors that code for a. sepals b. petals c. stamens d. carpels e. none of the choices 67 & 68. The expressions of all the choices above are already considered a. post-replication b. post-transcription c. post-translation d. pre-transcription e. pre-translation 69 & 70. Which of the following statements is/are true? a. Sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels are already structures representing the phenotype of floral development. b. SEP1 and SEP2 are necessary in order for the entire flower parts to develop. c. SEP3 is not necessary for the development of sepals. d. Both B and C e. all of the choices 71 & 72. The model specimen for plant kingdom to where the ABC model was derived from is a. Arabidopsis thaliana b. Caenorhabditis elegans c. Saccharomyces cerevisae d. Escherechia coli e. Mus musculus 73,74, & 75. Which department in the UST College of Science who won the 1st Place title in the recently concluded Variety Show 2014? a. Psychology b. Math and Physics c. Chemistry d. Biology e. General Education