PROBLEM 13.

133
KNOWN: Diameters of coaxial cylindrical drum and heater. Heater emissivity. Temperature and emissivity of pellets covering bottom half of drum. Convection mass transfer coefficient associated with flow of dry air over the pellets. FIND: (a) Evaporation rate per unit length of drum, (b) Surface temperatures of heater and top half of drum. SCHEMATIC:

ASSUMPTIONS: (1) Steady-state, (2) Negligible heat transfer from ends of drum, (3) Diffuse-gray surface behavior, (4) Negligible heat loss from the drum to the surroundings, (5) Negligible convection heat transfer from interior surfaces of the drum, (6) Pellet surface area corresponds to that of bottom half of drum.
1 = 0.0904 kg/m , hfg = 2378 kJ/kg. PROPERTIES Table A-6, sat. water (T = 325 K): A,sat = g
3

ANALYSIS: (a) The evaporation rate is

n T A, A = h m ( Dd / 2 ) A,sat p
3 n A = 0.024 m / s ( 1m / 2 ) 0.0904 kg / m = 0.00341 kg / s m
(b) From an energy balance on the surface of the pellets,

( )

< <

6 q p = q evap = n A h fg = 0.00341 kg / s m 2.378 10 J / kg = 8109 W / m

where q p may be determined from analysis of radiation transfer in a three surface enclosure. Since the top half of the enclosure may be treated as reradiating, net radiation transfer to the pellets may be obtained from Eq. 13.25, which takes the form

q p=

E bh E bp 1 h + h A h 1 A 1/ A h Fhp + h Fhd ) + 1/ A p Fpd (

1 p

p A p

where Fhp = Fhd = 0.5, A h = Dh and A p = Dd / 2. The view factor Fpd may be obtained from the summation rule,

Fpd = 1 Fph Fpp

Continued ..

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PROBLEM 13.133 (Cont.)

where Fph = A h Fhp / A p = ( D h 0.5 ) / ( Dd / 2 ) = 0.10 and

2 1/ 2 + 0.1 sin 1 ( 0.1) = 0.360 Fpp = 1 ( 2 / ) 1 ( 0.1)

Hence, Fpd = 1 0.10 0.360 = 0.540, and the expression for the heat rate yields

8109 W / m =

0.25 + 0.1m

0.053 1 0.5m 0.1m 0.5 + ( 0.1m 0.5 )1 + ( 0.5m 0.54 )1 +

E bh ( 325 K ) 1

4 = 35,359 W / m 2 E bh = Th

Th = 889 K
Applying Eq. (13.13) to surfaces h and p,

<

2 2 2 J h = E bh q h (1 h ) / h A h = 35,359 W / m 6, 453 W / m = 28,906 W / m

2 2 2 J p = E bp + q p 1 p / p A p = 633 W / m + 272 W / m = 905 W / m

Hence, from

Jd J p J h Jd =0 ( Ah Fhd )1 Ap Fpd 1

28,906 W / m 2 J d

( 0.1m 0.5)

J d 905 W / m 2

( 0.5m 0.54 )

=0

4 = 24,530 W / m 2 J d = Td

Td = 811 K

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COMMENTS: The required value of Th could be reduced by increasing Dh, although care must be taken to prevent contact of the plastic with the heater.

Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the copyright owner is unlawful.