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Ludlows Aeroplane in Flight

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Partially Paralyzed by a Fall From

a Flying Machine Two Years Ago This Dauntless AeronautIs Ready Today to Defy the Law

of Gravity a HeavierThanAip
Machine Which Has Been Built by Volunteer Labor and Is Now Ready for Flight at 3 5 L Street L Northwest iik
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In a Two years ago I ws about to busy workshdp- place a motor on an aeroplane at 1318 L street when in an experiment of towing northwest i n the aeroplane as a kite by an auto Washington is mobile the aeroplane collapsed the big Lud and I fell from the height of 100 low aeroplane feet This accident caused a sus now ready for- pension of my experiments with > t its initial flight heavierthanair flying machines Peeling from the banks until the present time that the model I deof the Po- confident sign d two years t uwar It is zealously guarded termined me to ago ears fly de begin construction torn prying eyes and its secrets work again Such resolution is a e welt kept Visitors fled great general avid requires no enthusi a culty in getting even a glimpse atm for aeronautics to compre uf the airship and strangers are bend allowed inside the building g tt M The builder of this aerial cruiser Defrayed All Expenses Himself I reel Ludlow and one assistant The expenses were overcome Lit nd to make the trial night one by my own efforts for appeals to tiy this week The place or a- the Carnegie Institute the Smithlt nsion will be somewhere along sonian Institution and H number iln Potomac flats V it the exact of wealthy men I knew have been location is not knows rs the In unsuccessful except in the case of ntor and his assistants do not two personal friends Will C desire the public present at the Barnes and Charles E Miller who each voluntarily suacribed 10 to tial Every known and thoroughly ward the project The initial tested principle of navigation in money to start was gained by the f atmosphere with heavierthan sale of a magazine and a newsar flying machines has been util paper story on aeronautics This t d in the construction of this new was expended in the purchase of f1 ip of the air In it also is em- bamboo cloth and wire The labraced a vast knowledge of aoro bor question was sonic trouble for rrintics gained by the inventor by a while as the sum on hand was more than ton years of labor not sufficient to pay for the hire tvly and actual experiments of mechanics Looking however rime of which have been successfrom the ful standpoint of my own enthusiasm This aeroplane represents ten I came to the conclusion that there years of Israel Ludlows experi were some workmen who would n its with hea erthanair flying offer their help freely and I se ri hines and is the tenth that he eured their services through an adhas constructed vertisement in the Washington pa Unless some unforeseen accident pers There was a plumber sevhappens there is hardly a doubt eral carpenters two machinists but that the Lwdlow aeroplane will frem the Vahing n Navy Xrd a success an electrician a telephone wire Others built by him before have man a telegraph operator and ben flown successfully as man some college students All of carrying kites these worked well and devoted ttr X such time as they could spare from Pluck of Inventor their ordinary occupations withIsrael Ludlow who is the son of out the expectation of any reward Brig Gen B C Ludlow of Ciu other than the hop of the pracrinati furnishes an example of tical development of the subjects pluck and persistence for future Of course here stood in all of ovr Inventors for he has persisted for minds the intangible hope of the n ars in trying to build a heavier reward which would be ours to dihnnair aeroplane persisted even vide in the cause of a successful liter an accident two years ago la flight of the aeroplane These asFlorida in which owing to the sistants were P L Rice 1 L L A L afeMilJaji J A olla pse of a machine in which he- Kendall n as flying in the air he fell more ICilHnger M Whittington Joseph than 100 feet the accident result Maehinante N W Springer Will inn in a partial lost of the use of Holmes Franly Kelly and H S

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The plan of the flying raa was drawn and laid before the nno is 221 The 1 workers feet in length 22 feeY aXrw4 4 feet high The first step was therefore to inal < poles 2SJ Q tIn length which was done by join- ing two 18foot bamboo polO a the butt end and in eutttin oj tIle extra length or by overlapping i the small ends until the length of the joined sticks was 22 feet An equal number of each varief
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Framework of Ludlow Aeroplane angle rudders and planes insure lateral equilibrium Tie question of equilibrium is of the utmost importance and one which I assert is solved by this form of construction Twenty or thirty times an aeroplane like this
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sent up as a kite carrying a

man and in every instance was its

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hi lower limbs Success is now he hopes to crown his long shorts Mr Ludlow says I

La Due A workshop was secured in the rear of l18 L street northwest

The bamboo sticks were bound together by making a hole in them oneeighth of air inch in diameter through which a heavy piece of annealed wire was run aa the ends twisted tightly

were made

together

The United Sthtes War Department had reu ntly caVed for bids on aeroplane and one of their requirements i that tl aeroplane e be capable of being transported in army wagons To comply with this epcoificatlon it Woo decided to>>

long aDd 2ZVIs feet long Attaching five of these sections to gether forms the completed iaehine There are three sets of suporpoeed surface i with dihedral
r

build theaeroplane in five sections each 4 feet high 4W feet

stability satisfactory The accident I had In Florida was caused by the breaking of a material a fault which is rem in this machine The work is Jin ished installing and testing the motor is now being done and then oblique rudders or plaices be- the machine wiJl fly Its speed tween the upper nnd Tower sur- will be between thirty and forty faces which rudders form the miles an hour system of control of its equilib u rium These scsis of surfaces ore Jfaylgatlon of the Air arranged tandem fashion with a From Mongolfler to Santos Due space betwejp There is a vertical is embraced the whole fir mont rudder in the rear to turn to the right or Jilt The open space be tory of navigation of the air Designers of airships have sets of surfaces tween t e into threw gives ai matte equilibrium to the ranged themselves while the dihedral era Continued on flacond Pane

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S THE Presiden- tial campaign

AfliS CAMPAIGNMANAGER

PEOJOJE

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the

the

press agents of

various

candidates for Republican and

Democratic

nominations have redoubled their efforts in behalf of their favorites Already the magazine field as a means toward greater publicity has been invaded and among the first was Prank H Hitchcock campaign manager for Secretary Taft Under his signature in the May num- ber of the Metropolitan Magazine appears a lengthy article on the War Secretary giving an insight to the man as he really is Fol- lowing is the article verbatim The eyes of the country are co- ntend on Taft With only a few weeks left before the Republican national convention the interest in the man and his chances at that gathering the curiosity as te his personality and his ability the tit fire to know bia attitude toward

JM
mates The demand for Taft sad port aa a Presidential e diat spring naturally from tine knowledge of him gained by the America people es- pecially la their keen clearsighted following of everyday public event Even in the narrower sphere of his Judicial ottfee in OWo he had already attracted public attention outside his tate by his aMMty and courage and manifest fullness st Ms learning But it was when fct the saeriee of his personal ambition he west to Ma- nila ta take up the most diflteult task whisk confronted any Amsrioan since Ill L4noota that h demonstrated such lUas that almost Immediately his nams began to be coupled with the PresiEvery year since then the dency field of his labors has widened the knowledge of hint throughout the country hoe grows ad the considera- tion of him as a man tit for the greatest responsibility in the Repubtts has
In the thick of it that Is to live Those two sentences reveal the in- spiration of Secretary Tafts public aandldacy It is the pure joy of Berr- ies that has kept him in the thick of It these last fifteen years and it is because his teUowcounlr omen have soon how wets he baa done the things worth doing in the posts b has fllled that they are now catting him to the highest office in the Units
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pr Twn until little glee is mentioned i here polities is talked Here is the first authoritative statement of attitude and his fuTaftR pros ture plans It IB not necessary to dvvoll on the details of his life and n t career Those facts have been lished many tines It is the i lam and Ida chances and leis inflations that interest now It is nough for our purposes to recall that Taft is still comparatively a young man Bora in Cincinnati in is 57 he graduated s oond in his class at Yale in 187S He wits a His law reporter in Ctaeianati father hard been Secretary of War under leant and had held other positions important political Young Taft thus found an early entrance to a political career He has held the following important offices Assistant prosecuting attorney of Hamilton eounty Ohio collector of internal revenue First District Ohio assistant county solicitor Hamilton county judge of the superior oourt of Ohio soof the United licitor gftMft States Utts i States circuit judge of fir the Sixth circuit president the United Bt tc Philippine Commission flrst efvil governor of the Philippine islands and Secretary ff War Ka harried Helen Herron

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tional equipment of Mr oft for the Presidency his kraia aWUty cour age experience and tmtebtg sad so more and more they haws coupled Ms naMe with the offies But there fc sad prebaMy more popular although not tabor sntiy mpid r stronger res son Inc th spreading tenor with whtefc Ms csuidi jbs people know dary is accepted that Mr Tat is la full sympathy sad harmony with their dearest beUofe In matters of public policy It there Is r tablisbed fact in the political if ants rninfrv tcrjay It h that f Cartoon of Secretary

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Taft That Pleased

Him More Than Any Other

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increased The people have sees him winning the hearts and confidence of the un- ruly and suspicious TlHplnos and fighting against the almost unanimous opposition of his own countrymen m the Philippines to gain for the island wafdfl ef the nation the largest share in the administration of their own land which they ware capable t t enjoying properly Hers was aa OscMential whose broad sympathy and euiek springing sense of Justice fath- omed the mystery of Oriental con eoleusness and made it respond to Ms own elear vision of right The Ameri- ca people have sees him ealla to leave that work unfinished and return to take up in a higher Katie tin judicial career which was his great desire And they have seen him rnnpnnrt to that aaJl three times almost is the I am do- language of the prophet ing a great work so that I cannot come down Why should the work saaae whilst I leave it and come down to Then when that work was so far advanced that the Filipinos would trust it although reluctantly to other hands the people have noon him brought home to take over the Admin- istration of other things that are worth doing the Isthmian canal the pacification of Cub the administra- tion of the War Department the general mission of peace and goodwill to the entire world g

rite

tions the development o allpower fnl and overmastering corporations that stifled competition and rode roughshod over the rights of others Special wore only the symptoms prviledao wow the disease Among the millions who and believe in the work of President Roosevelt there are a few who saw from the nrst as he did whore the evil lay and of those fw William II Taft is one But he ta one who bad the courage of his convictions and bas set hesitated to declare himself Hs did not hesitate at a time when scare of others felt and bowed to the sadden and mysterious cur- rent of unfriendliness which for a time blew over the country a few months ago Even at the cost of misunderstanding which wax natural and of misinterpretation which was deliberate ho stood out in the open and declared his unfaltering adherence to the Roosevelt policies Then home some men did misunderstand b Hte0ty and others misinterpreted wilitatIIy be was assailed as being only an echo of Roosevelt a min fottew r U stng lo the wake of a powerful master
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Uiijast Accusation It ta the fate of American public area to suffer from injustice both IsnoMtnt and calculated No more un-

deserved Imputation was ever put upon an hottest man than this asser- speIs neatest tion that Mr cial privilege only because Theodore err Roosevelt has denounced it art of Mr Taft public career demonof strates the falsity and boll

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yjCil tho ask of MM of the subordinate Otasrs oR duty In the War Department hangs a wall bearins these vrrts from a recent puMte address Vllltaai H Taft The boat of all the pure Joy et swvioa To de rigs that are worth white te be

noes of aoeompllahment the earn rotten to duty the same high frfrit of labor sad effort for the sake of achieving the pure joy of wrvice And through it they have come to know and rely en the man to be sure of their trust certain of their eonfl

to Knoir urn In all sf this the people have seen the sumo stralatitforward thorough
HRTC Come

The War Secretary Greeting

Old

Fries

a Kis Last Visit ts the Philippines to know thorn all iatimaUb through the eonstaAt critical discus sio of tkteir acts and sayings in the
Learn
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deuce Americana are wonderfully apt la becoming acquainted with their public men Hundreds of thousands who have never nag any of Ute mess who guide the affairs of tMs OovernmeM

they have ceme to reattza the exc

Titus

more and more

LUDLOWS NEW AEROPLANE SOON TO SOAR OVER WASHINGTON

First Page iools First there are those ulio have taken the principle of buoyancy as their basis of construction they look for the solu tion of the problem by an appa ratus which is lighter than air SecThe examples are balloons ond those who hold a contrary opinion directing their efforts to the perfection of machines which are heavier than air disregarding entirely the principle of buoyancy t and contend that the machine must raise itself s well as have the power to move in a horizontal The test aeroplane direction having boon introducod to dene one of those types of cowstruotion the other types being JWMios in which some form of screw propeller or vibrating plane is relied upon to produce the direct lifting The third division of de effort Firners are those who have adoptContinued from

a matter of almost

for them to fly two or thre miles without coming to earth The sight of these two great ma- chines in the air at th same time hurtling along at the aped of an ex- press train hen not yet ceased to thrill Along one side of the Parts maneuver grounds runs a line of the making an Ideal fortifications grandstand On a sunny afternoon the visitor will find assembled here tourists front all parts of the world Bnglish Americans Germans Japanese Chi- nese and even swarthy nabobs from midAfrica all showing the same in- tense interest and ready to cheer any unusual feature All attention is now being concen- trated on the question of the motor especially the cooling process The motors on both machines are of the water Ied type and this Item beep a constant mores ef inconvenience la tact the only thing that Has United the fti tt thus far apparently has been the necessity to stop far mire water Had this not been necessary there is no doubt at all that flights often or fifteen or even twenty miles would already have been accomplished
U

dally occurrence

faces correctly designed and con- structed with of course an acquired art In using them properly Pref Langley another very clever worker at this problem in the United

3ta0a constructed a model machine which would travel against the wind and yet keep at an average bortaonta1 level He considered that a machine oeuM be designed and made which would carrying out this principle of soaring feirt Right py utlJlaJng the ttucttwtions of wind velocity which according to his ideas occurred be- tween very much smaller intervals of tipe than generally supposed To sat fy himself that this was sa he made seine accurate experiments by using a very sensitive anemometer which re reed as well as IndiaaUd the ve- to jlty and tuutat one ef wind during start Intervals ef time
alt It x Sea Captain Who low A pleaser experimenter in this idea or the principle of bird flight was Le Brie who made some actual flights many years ago in France He was a sea captain and seems to have had avery good grasp of the problem Prom observations en soaring birds made by him during his voyages he came to the conclusion that when the our rent of air strikes the forward edges of the birds wing an aspirating action

as affording a temporary fly li fling aid in the use of machiaee

he principle of balloon buoy

HearJcrTlianAir

Machines

heavier that sir There is no question whatever 3 t navigation by raaeJiinealighter tban air namely balloons i now a success The true aero or beavierthanalr maplane chine while not a far advanced as the balloon type has also been domonstratod to be a suoeass the oppor PARISIANS now have enjbylng dally a spot ta sncb as t n be wftnossod by the Inhabitants of MO other ty in tIM world Henry Farman and

Delagrange on the twin flying machines are out every morning and fifternoon when the w Obor permits mnetlines for hours at a time flying around and about the great maneuver grounds at Issy with as touch ones aad skill as pigoona in a term yard It is

Ion

age Two

The principal exponents of the hesvierthawalr flying machines are Sir Hiram Maxim Santos Dumont Pret Langley Israel LAidlow the Wright brothers Heart Parman and Leon Delagrange The problem of aerial navigation by hMe than QIr resolves It set into two main components viz power of sustaining a load in air and power of maintaining a proper bal- ance If these can be achieved the factor of propulsion Is comparatively easy to deal with One of the most able of scientific experimenters in this art Otto lailanthal of Berlin who commenced Ills trials of flight at thir teen years of age and continued them for twentyfive years eliminated the question ef motive power and eon fined himself entirely with the problem He decided that soaring of balance birds ascend by skillful use pf the pressure produced by currents of air and that no external source of power is needed ts imitate thorn all tike apparatus required aetng sustaining sur

hviw

is produced by which the bird te actually drawn Into the wind without any effort on its own part He shot an albatross and having spread Hs wings presented the forward edges to the wind just as the bird would do in flight He states that as a result he felt the bird pulled forward Into the wind as he had anticipated His soarIng machines consisted of aeroplanes ef aencave shapes similar to a birds wing te wnrih he attached himself Like othw appliances flying ma chines writ n their design construc- tion and u e follow a course of development Those which achieve the first real s coess and are put to some useful put rose will seem clumsy and Inefficient to tho designers of ma- chines at a time when say fifty years of progress and use have passed Compare a modern bicycle with those made thirty years ago and note the improvement In design and construc-

invisible pulsating atmosphere yet capable of is intangible sea gigantic strength whose power rages in Ute sorts whispers in t woods whirls the sells t the tvinUmttt rolls the waves of the ocean into mighty billows and bears the burden of a worldwide commerce Reasoning from aaeJegy as well as from the premises of the problem it is certain that the great highway of the air is soon to be traversed by man There restates only the mechanical problem of aoeuring a form of aeroplane surface which will give stable equilibrium Exact imitation ef bird flight ap- pears to be out of the question A bird wings with Its quivering feathers te governed by a number of deli- cate but strung muscle mush like the human hand in that it cannot be ox Hetly mechanically duplicated The g MOteae engine has developed power stronger than the muscular strength of beads and f lees propor- tionate weight An engine ran be built weight two or three pounds te the horsepower A wild geese exerelces lest than onetwentieth of a herae power to fly Tan however carnet lope to msIer the intuitive skill by which a bird presorvM Its balance through Sexing a d xiiig its outstretched wings He must if he should wish to stay in the air with safety Invert a form of aeroplane surface which has automatic stability and power of control w which

tel the

His public service has proved too well where he stands it has extended over too many years Tr permit of continued and successful misinterpretation Mr Taft is against special privilege because every drop or blood in hint cries out against outrage and injustice in every form Mr Taft stands for the Roosevelt policies because they are and always have been the Taft policies as welL No man has a monopoly of Integrity or brav- ery in this country and no greater in mitt Dan be given to the intelligence sad the manhood of the American people than this assertion that everyman who denounces the wrong of apMitl privilege is only echoing the of Theodore Roseevelt sent It was duly natural that the American people who enjoy a fight and love a gallant fighter should have enter canoed very widely the hope and desire that President Roosevelt himself would carry on through another ad- ministration the nght on their behalf b had so well begun But to Presi- dent Roosevelt the idea was peculiarly obnoxious because of the imputation it contained that there was only one man la the great party of which he is the bead competent to lead in such a Among the met of fc contest friends and supporters Mr Roosevelt know many in whose hands the causa of those who believe with him would not suffer But long and Intimate association with Mr Taft bad given him that close insight into the mind and character of his War Secretary which convinced him that here was Ute best rasa to stem after him and through to its culmination the led struggle he had opened In voicing tine belief Prudent Roosevelt has only exercised that prerucattve which is the highest prM I loge of every American eHen Is only natural that when the country fleshly yielded to his determine ttkr not to accept another term in tb Presidency his friends and supporters everywhere who had often ration 01 his judgment before should look to It again for guidance in choosing the man to carry forward his uncompleted task There are those who knowing the ebaraoter and attain> Tact already see in ments of this an added service to his country But the time will by Mr Roosevelt come when many others will how that one of the greatest of Mr Roose velts services to his country was that by which be disclosed to Mr Taft the fullness of his opportunity of becoming one of the great leaders for right This campaign has now progressed sufficiently to make It certain rta Mr Taft will b nominated by tt P Republican national convention a Chicago in June and that he will l chosen by an overwheimlas majorlt on the first ballot There is a significance which cannot be ignored in thr way in which the rank and file of been turning to him his party have country In the last f > all over pot the work of t e weeks It Is leaders which has brought this abo i The leader who is successful in p tics te the one who has public senM t meat behind him It is becausecon great mass of the people have dance in him that Mr Taft occups the commanding position he holds i the Presidential rpco
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the accusation

Secretary of War and MrsWm

Taft

Secretary Taft at Garden Party in t White House Grounds

the immense majority of the Jw awl are vigorously and enthusiastically It favor ef that program of governmental Roosevelt poliaction known as th cies Theodore Roosevelt ig the master political diagnostician of the generation With absolute certainty h puts his finger on the pulse of the people and follows the current of their beliefs and aspirations He has done more than merely diagnose prevailing sentiment he has detected and direct- ed the trend of ideas But in the main his activities have been along one well

Front stereotype copyright Underwood weed

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tion For centuries man has tried te mas

TIlE WASHINGTON TIMES MAGAZINE

i

Two years ago aftr several trials on the Hudson river Mr Ludlow took his latest aeroplane to Florida Mr Ham- ilton his eider aSSIstant was engaged to fly Ute ereplane in connection witha series of automobile races run en the the beach ef the Atlantic ocean These race wore held under the Auspices of the Jacksonville Automobile Club He was invited to b present as H guest of the Club d ee the Invltafclen After Mr Hamilton had made a sue ecssfal flight and as a result of merry banter at the dinnertable two mem- bers sf the club and he agreed to makea flight together in an aeroplane cap able of carrying their combined weight The work was onthusiastical Continued en Sixth Page

Falling Through Air

defined line

Koosevelt and Taft Alike other public the cause of the umest and dissatisfaction that have permeated the body politic dur ing the last twelve years He has pointed out and focused attention up on tho source of the evil He attacked the wrong fn its citadel au the people rose in one great mass t give him support Trusts oembtna
He more than ony man led in recognizing

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LITTLE more than two hundred and fifty years ago when the Virginia colonists at Jamestown xeeded wives they imported them from England and Holland a ship load at a time These fair maid ens were auctioned off from the block like cattle the price being paid in tobacco which at that time was the currency in the New

World No doubt the descendants of those unions would be shocked If

that method of procuring help- mates were prevalent now In the land of the Czar a similar custom with slight variations pre vails to this day and the annual sale takes place this week In the Cossack country there are annual marriage auctions One is being held this week in the towns of Gschatsk and Lystche teffka The first named town is

an important commercial center of that district of Russia possessinga great market place and even an imposing cathedral of the Greek church This marriage custom is a relic of the times when the fierce Tartars from the vast steppes of the Caucasus roamed over the southern portion of Russia slay Ing the inhabitants and laying waste the country with flre and sword The section of Russia where such customs prevail has a very ancient though somewhat barbaric civilization
FEW yen age Novogorod the largest Russian market olty celebrated the one thousandth Anniversary of Its birth and erected a monument in the center of the city consisting of an enormous globe In the midst of emblematic and historical figure No doubt when Nov gorod was founded these same annual marriage auctions took place there The country of the Don Cossacks is bounded n the westward by the Ukraine the Calmuo steppes and Cau- casus forming its scnthern extremity and the governm pt of Astrakhan and Voronltch its n + hm and eastern In this region the land boundaries

and Ute popvtaile is dreted solely to pastoral sad aftcaJ tural pursuits The form of govern- ment la entirely distinct from that of the Russian proper sad is based upon the old da system which existed la Europe In the JbUddle Ages Totally exempt item taxes and another burdens while acknowledging the Russian Braperor their sovereign their fealty and homage is rendered bymlllrfcry service atone and he may be sold to be thus In some measure the heat of a natiog of soldiers oleos the entire mala population from the ages of fifteen to flay are by law obliged te attend hli summons to the field The nature at their service and enlistment Is similar to that of the Irregular horse In India eaob man providing ac btorelf with horse arms and The Cosaoks rosy be ooutrements said to form the rlcnt arm of the Rusdifficult be would army indnid It i sian to say What L Mwscov1te force coal ydo without them iaoOTStomed as U are to tan ilk duties o the outpo ts and ptoQuets and on whom devolve fsearly the whole of tho satins service of the light aavalry durlnic a campaign they and In the performance of which cannot be excelled cutting oft eon sad intercepting information voya darling into the very came of their enemy sabering and spearing his sen- tries and harassing and wearing out the life and spirit of their foe by eofi stant nlghtwatoblng and sleepless tell
Is
The government of the Rural Commune or Mir an established by the is by a village Act of Emancipation assembly and a village elder but the elders authprity is limited by the heads of households all having a common treasury even the time of plant Ing mowing and harvesting being regulated by the assembly and all the households are OQually responsible ior the taxes and dues The consent of the assembly must be obtained If a peasant desires to work tn the larger towns for his HabSltles must bo made secure Every year the village hoe to pay a certain sum into the Imperial of treasmale ury according to the number peasants each village distributing the land according to Its own Judgment with taxes and dues in proportion to the land sometimes according to the working power of the raniiHes which may change every few years males and females alike working on the l id The world is familiar with the story of Mazeppa The sad incidents of his early love the story of his fatal love for a princess of the Ukraine the ter- rible revenge taken on the youthul lover by the proud and haughty Rus- sian noble and how Mazeppa bound naked on a wild horse of the steppes was launched like an arrow from the bow into the desert How he was found tainting on the back of the dead horse leagues away from his adopted coun try and how he arose to a kingdom In the steppes is well known The history of Bogdan the Cossack thou h much less known presents apictvfre of the country where wives Liste still bojjghtlike sheep The Don Cbasaeka in his time were subjects

wry rich

Their Rural Communes

AEROPLANE TO SOAR OVER WASHINGTON

Continued from Second Page ly begun on the construction of a new and verY large aeroplane The services Of a down men were secured a noted f Ly icier a retired army officer said others rendered valuable assistance he beach at low tide was about 109 feet IB width and very level smooth and flrm Two large automobile were hit hetf together to tow Without Any hesitation whatever the two membersof the Automobile Club camp forward to take their place in th aeronlane Wit Mr Ludlow He demurred and instated on trying It alone ftrst He took his seat and was tilted upward at its tle aeroplane forward en L the signal was given to start and wader the impulse of the speeding automobiles the r re as though it were Hung into the air The rush of wind past the planes and through the braces was for a moment disconcerting but he forgotIt and loqked down at the automobiles v iiieh appeared to be directly under He turned to look backward hm r l comparing the level at which it aeroplano posted with the distant ine of the Atlantic oceans horiwm h t saw they were very near the same Then heard an crack to the left Jut in the of the for- ward set of planes that a wire brace had snapped and that a bamboo stick released from the wired stay under the sir pressure was bend cry quickly clear Ins in a curve across the earn one Wire an- ve way and the after other forward lease bent upward The aeroplane
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Hew

seated He had no sensation of fall- ing In the few seconds ot time which elapsed between the first downward move and when the aeroplane struck the beach he watched one wire after another snap hand the bending and of The rapid tea approach of the earth did not inspire feeling of fear He heard the confused shouting of the spectators and then came the of a tre- mendous blow The point on which he was seated struck the beach first and the rest of the aeroplane fell on him He received a very severe In jury to his back and within half an hour was being rushed by train to New York for medico treatment The result of his sene of experi- ments has been to discover a form of aeroplane remarkable for its auto matic stability a natural law of sixes is known the efficacy of the surface from upward air pressure has been de termined the trajectory of all pre vious aeroplanes in flight hag been closely observed and the valte of the ol nervations made is that were tot founded on any abstruse an- alytical reasoning but upon practical experiments LAidlows opinion that his It is Mr aeroplane Is a orlsWeilylnsr machIne

lost its lifting capacity and began to velocity He was fall with led feet above something more the ground when the accident hap- pened The break occurred agrees the aero plane along the line of the center of pressure at which point the rope was attached and above which he was

I to the sway of XMK m happy country tne tyrinn of the nobles had arises to a pitch beyond the power of humanity to UNlit TIle Story f Begdau Ho dan was a small proprietor respected and perhap held in a degree of estimation by his countrymen above his station In consequence of a undertanding with his suzerain his property was seised himself Ig nomlntoiMly scourged life a serf and his wife and two daughters having been subjected te every species of costae brutality died raving mad The mans nature was changed hitherto he had been known only as the slat conciliating and genereua landholder his purse and hone roar open to tbe distressed whom he was always the first to assist by his coun- sel and sympathy under misfortune but now fearful and emlnous was the difference he savor shad a tear ner a gross was suffered to escape his salon and storn his coM dear bright eye caused an inward shudder in the spectator as ho eased upon him He fled and put himself at the head of a party of his countrymen who were ripe for revolt His efforts prow eel successful and before many months had elapsed the whole coun- try was aroused and he found hlm MIl at the hood of a hundred thous- and horsemen with which he almost overthrew the Russian government Though In personal appearance the Cossacks of the Den are Immeasurably Interior to these of the Vkraive whose various Sabine marriages with their Circassian neighbors have ren dered that race nearly equal in manly beauty to traces ef the Caucasian ori- gin themselves they have yet an active well made martial form and figure especially when placed in con trast with the heavy make and un meaning features of the peasantry of Northern Russia The women too are remarkable for their pleasing manners and personal attractions the latter of which appear to the highest advantage arrayed In their unique and highly picturesque national coctume-

iud

IflJlJ

bret

S
The aianlage Mart In the above named towns mora than three hundred pride candidates arrived from thiS surrounding country aCost of them lire accompanied by their parents and relatives The mar- riage fair will probably last a week or even longer It is a time of merry- making trading and having a gen eral good time Krery morning at I oclock the bride show Is held in front of the cathedral They havo all taken a hot bath in preparation for this great occasion which is the main event of their lose and consequently they look much prettier and attractive than at ordinary times The girls are drawn up into line oh the main street and as there are several hundred of them the line reaches from the cathedral to the city hall AH are dressed espe- cially for the occasion They are wearing tl eir best clothes with the picturesque ancient head dresses jewelry consisting of necklaces ear Brings an her ornaments many of

Fife Six
I

T H E WAS
f

years old and which it la the great- est desire of all Russian girls te accu- mulate Meanwhile the young Cossacks have bees arriving by scores Smut the sur- rounding country and even from dis- tant points They too are decked out in all the bravery of the Cossack war rior as they wish to also present a good appearance When the signal is given the men pass along lines of girts One can imagine the curiosity and Interest with which they scrutinhw the feminine part of the show Tj moo are of all sires Occasionally a gray beard is among them seeking probably a third or even a fourth wife The middleaged and welltodo customers usually re- gard the girls with critical and ouslneeelike attention with them it Is purely a matter ef business The younger fellows exhibit considerable bashfulneea and examine the blush- ing maidens with half concealed Inter- est and varying degrees of emotion The careful customer goes up and down the line as it he were examining the points of horses or cattle Some of the younger men twirl their mus taches and with hand on saber bile strut like turkey gobblers as they pas along the tittering line The discerning purchaser looks care- fully along the whole lino before he be gins to more minutely examine or to pay much attention to individuals When he comes to some girl that par- ticularly strikes Ma eye he stops and In quite a matter of tact way ex- amines her thoroughly He runs his Angers through her hair to see It it is her own and of good qaaltty and well kevt He opens her mouth as if he were examining a horse and looks to see if her teeth are sound Dentists are taw and far between In that region and tho wouldbe husband does not desire a wife who would probablybe disabled by a toothache He taps her sheet to see if it Is firm and solid If the human chattel seems to 1 bo sound and healthy at all points the purchaser then mentions the tact that he is looking for a wife and enters into a regular bargaining talk with the girl herself as to what price

which

s are heirlooMs

hundreds

of

she Is wffllnff to sail herself for as a wife Parents on either side are never consulted Those of the girl are doubtless glad and even anxious for her disposal Families are large in the Caucasus and people are not rich The sooner a dapghter is married the more the family has tor the remain- ing children The Cossack gallant after conversing with his choice and relating his own wealth and possessions mentions to the girl the price h is willing to pay This will vary from five rubles about 2J > up to 100 or even more Fancy an American girl being sold tor Site I fIt is scarcely necessary to say that the purchaser does not get a very desirable bride for the lesser amount If the priDe offered is not high enough and the herself has In her own mind beforehand decided what she will accept she shakes h r head and tha man may offer more or peas on in search of something cheaper How Bargain Is Ended If the prlca Is satisfactory she con sults with her brother who Is always her particular guardian or if she has none with some other member of her fatally who stands In that relation If everything Is satisfactory And ah IA wilting to accept the price the money is paid down on he spot and the bargain la practk ly completed then and there The c h according to custonj Is handed to the girls father and by him termed over to th n r It Is however conalCrfi proper w return the fauna Immediately to the bride tor the purpose of helping her
t-

longed debauoh in the course ef which the prospective brides and bridegrooms reetsw ere0r less dam
ageAfter tho jndiwn have secured th r brides them IIe rlJlulT elwae at the end of the fn r a few girls who were especially un ttrctive left without husbands They are then auctlorel oft if theta ore guy bidders and bring next to nottJnff vaa toss than five

tables

to start housekeeping Sometimes In the case of an espec- ially attractive girl there are sev- eral men who wish to socuro her and then there Is lively Competition for her hand The transaction then becomes practically an auction The marriage tnarkrt Is likely to last a week or even longer Daring this time an Immense ancunt of vodka is consumed to the aoc nptmlment of rough merrymaking md rude games Sometimes the who popula- tion ef the town consumes too much or the fiery national drink and the merry makin degenerates Into a pro
A

of each song and of every ia the toy and happiness ef mat- rimony On the day haters her marriage she unbralds her long plait of hair and divides among her maiden comrades the flowers and ribbons that escape from her loosened tresses Then they lead her to the Bath As she bathes they sing to her They spend hours dressin and redrc her hair and while they brwh sad twist they Sing songs of love and happiness to Upon her wedding day th oom cornea to patents house h bride Then oomes am touuiiing tat oi ceremony The mai i kneels before her parents and asns offense there to pardon her for which aha may have been guilty ThY Then thy lilt her and which otter her flea that she may return when he w pome s st that her hersWhen the Russian countryman hug finally secured his tote h carries h v his lonely hlU e la the thiawayt eo led country It Is a m re hut e Is a assent There she has labor as hard as a man or ep Pe harder rising at dawn mlktng arvj cows carrying wood to the house oil the hardest work If h r r to afford a hor husband ia too a est she msy be even harnessed todonkey or plow with a big dog or ro stlH ene is but a hard Hor doubt she U happy

Tho betreth I aen many takes place a week and a day before that of the marriage Luring tiese days the bride must weep and wall and lament loud ly over her coming wedding and the separation from her parents although really she desires these events more anxiously than anything else In the workt In Russia as in China the brides girl friends devote themselves to oon soling and cheering her during these day of lamentation They races stories to hot slid stojc songs and the

story

burden

meal

H ifi G T OlN

M M E S MAGAZINE

Lap 31

1902