E. The flipbook.

The flipbook is a visual aid which serves as an album of drawings, pictures, charts and other illustrated materials that can assist the teacher in story telling or a demonstration . As a three-inone combination of a flipchart, blackboard and flannel board its convenient size makes it effective for use at any given place or time. The flipbook is made by preparing two rectangular wooden covers 20 x 30 in size. Use lawanit or plywood board and join these as covers by means of hangers, using two wooden strips with a dimension of 1 x 20 x 5/16 inches. Along the middle of the strips and at equidistant points, make perforations to allow 3/16 x 1 1/2 bolds to go through and hold the plates and covers together. Pain one of the covers inside surface with black or green blackboard paint to serve as your small blackboard. Use the other 20 x 30 cover as a flannel board by stretching flannel board by stretching flanned cloth over it. F. Bulletin Board from local materials. The teachers artistry and craftsmanship can have fee play in the construction of bulletin boards made of cheap and indigenous materials. The horizontal pattern of the sugar cane flower stalk can provide a simple background for display of illustration materials. Interesting designs are possible with woven bamboo strips either tinted or in natural colors as frames of the bulletin board. Mast of buri, sabuta, or barakbak are made stiffer with shellac or varnish. These can be reinforced with bamboo slats on the backside the panel. As illustration materials, include to your array of posters, leaflets, pictures, newspaper and magazine cut-outs. Some textured materials like string, yarn, rope, cloth, remnants, chicken wire, burlap, sack cloth and cardboard to obtain a tri-dimensional effect on your displays.

The model of the atom, the globe, the planetarium, the simulated election process and the preserved specimen fall under CONTRIVED EXPERIENCES, the second band of experiences in dales cone of experience. What are contrived experience? These are edited copies of reality and are used as substitutes for real thing in the classroom. These contrived experiences are designed to simulate to real-life situations. The atom, the planetarium are classified as models. A model is a reproduction of a real thing in a small scale, or large scale, or exact size-but made of synthetic materials. It is a substitute for a real thing which may or may not be operation. (Brown, et al, 1969) The planetarium may also be considered a mock up. A mock up is an arrangement of a real device or associated devices, displayed in such a way that representation of a reality is created. The mock up may be simplified in order to emphasize certain features. It may be an economical reproduction of a complicated or costly device, to observed for learning purposes. Usually, it is a prepared substitute for a real thing; sometimes it is a giant enlargement. (Brown, 1969) the planetarium is an example of a mock up , in the sense that the order to the arrangement of the planets is shown and the real processes of the

planets rotation on their axis and the revolution of the planets around the sun are displayed. A mock up is a special model where the parts of a model are singled out, heightened and magnified in order to focus on the part or process under study. The planetarium involves a model of each of the planet and the sun but it focuses on the processes of the planets rotation and revolution and so is also considered a mock up. The preserved specimens falls under specimens and objects a specimen is any individual or item considered typical of a group, class or whole. Objects may also include artifacts displayed in a museum or objects displayed in exhibits or preserved insect specimens in sciece.