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AISI 4340 Alloy Steel (UNS G43400)

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AISI 4340 Alloy Steel (UNS G43400)

Topics Covered
Introduction Chemical Composition Physical Properties Mechanical Properties Thermal Properties Other Designations Fabrication and Heat Treatment Machinability Forming Welding Heat Treatment Forging Cold Working Annealing Tempering Hardening Applications

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Introduction
Alloy steels are designated by AISI four-digit numbers. They comprise different kinds of steels having composition exceeding the limitations of B, C, Mn, Mo, Ni, Si, Cr, and Va set for carbon steels. AISI 4340 alloy steel is a heat treatable and low alloy steel containing chromium, nickel and molybdenum. It has high toughness and strength in the heat treated condition.

Chemical Composition
The following table shows the chemical composition of AISI 4340 alloy steel.
Element Iron, Fe Nickel, Ni C hromium, C r Manganese, Mn C arbon, C Molybdenum, Mo Silicon, Si Sulfur, S Phosphorous, P Content (%) 95.195 - 96.33 1.65 - 2.00 0.700 - 0.900 0.600 - 0.800 0.370 - 0.430 0.200 - 0.300 0.150 - 0.300 0.0400 0.0350

Physical Properties
The physical properties of AISI 4340 alloy steel are given in the following table.
Properties Density Melting point Metric 7.85 g/cm3 1427C Imperial 0.284 lb/in 2600F

Mechanical Properties Insights From Industry

The Benefits & Savings of Purchasing Used

The mechanical properties of annealed AISI 4340 alloy steel are displayed in the following table.
Properties Metric Imperial

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AISI 4340 Alloy Steel (UNS G43400)

Tensile strength 745 MPa 108000 psi 470 MPa 140 GPa 80 GPa 190-210 GPa 0.270.30 22% 50% 217 240 95 17 228 50 68200 psi 20300 ksi 11600 ksi 2755730458 ksi 0.27-0.30 22% 50% 217 240 95 17 228 50

Bulk modulus (typical for steel) Shear modulus (typical for steel) Elastic modulus Poisson's ratio Elongation at break Reduction of area Hardness, Brinell Hardness, Knoop (converted from Brinell hardness) Hardness, Rockwell B (converted from Brinell hardness) Hardness, Rockwell C (converted from Brinell hardness. Value below normal HRC range, for comparison purposes only) Hardness, Vickers (converted from Brinell hardness) Machinability (annealed and cold drawn. Based on 100 machinability for AISI 1212 steel.)

Thermal Properties
The following table outlines the thermal properties of AISI 4340 alloy steel.

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Properties Thermal expansion co-efficient (20C /68F, specimen oil hardened, 600C (1110F) temper Thermal conductivity (typical steel)

Metric 12.3 m/m C 44.5 W/mK

Imperial 6.83 in/inF 309 BTU in/hr.ft.F

Other Designations
Other designations that are equivalent to AISI 4340 alloy steel include the following:
AMS 6359 AMS 6454 ASTM A29 (4340) ASTM A320 (L43) ASTM A322 (4340) ASTM A331 (4340) ASTM A506 (4340) ASTM A519 (4340) ASTM A646 (4340-7) ASTM A711 ASTM A752 (4340) ASTM A829 MIL S-5000 SAE J1397 (4340) SAE J404 (4340) SAE J412 (4340)

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Fabrication and Heat Treatment Machinability

AISI 4340 alloy steel can be machined using all conventional techniques. Machining process can be performed in the annealed or normalized and tempered conditions.
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Forming
AISI 4340 alloy steel has good ductility and formability in the annealed condition. It can be bent or formed by pressing or spinning in the annealed state.

Welding
AISI 4340 alloy steel can be welded using fusion or resistance welding methods. Preheat and post heat weld procedures are followed while welding this steel by established methods.

Heat Treatment
AISI 4340 alloy steel is heat treated at 830C (1525F) followed by quenching in oil.

Forging
AISI 4340 alloy steel is forged at 427 to 1233C (1800 to 2250F).

Cold Working
AISI 4340 alloy steel can be cold worked using all conventional methods in the annealed condition. It has high ductility.

Annealing
AISI 4340 alloy steel is annealed at 844C (1550F) followed by cooling the furnace.

Tempering
AISI 4340 alloy steel should be in the heat treated or normalized and heat treated condition before tempering. Tempering temperatures depend upon the desired strength level.

Hardening
AISI 4340 alloy steel can be hardened by cold working or heat treatment.

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AISI 4340 Alloy Steel (UNS G43400)

Applications
AISI 4340 alloy steel is mainly used in power transmission gears and shafts, aircraft landing gear, and other structural parts. Date Added: Sep 7, 2012 | Updated: Jul 11, 2013

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Comments
Akhtar Aziz says:

January 16, 2014 at 2:35 AM

Thanks for all the information. I have a question for you: We applied cadmium cyanide plating to avoid rusting of this material but after certain time, the material started to rust. We need to know what type of coating is compatible with the Cadmium Cyanide coating for a stronger rust protection system. Not Electro plating.
Reply

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