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Chapter 22 The Age of Nation-States The Crimean War (18531856) 1. A. B. C. D. E. 2. A. B. C. D. E. 3. A. B. C. D. E. 4. 5. The Crimean War was rooted in the: desire for unification of all German-speaking people. hopes of the Italian people for unification on the peninsula. long-standing desire of Russia to extend its influence over the Ottoman Empire. British desire to dominate all eastern trade. French desire to force the Russians out of Poland. The Crimean War was the first to: utilize modern trench warfare. engineer and use early airplanes. be covered by war correspondents and photographers. issue modern mess kits, including penicillin. result in more than 2 million casualties. The final military action of the Crimean War was located: in the region of Alsace and Lorraine, bordering the French and German border. off the coast of Britain, in the English Channel. near the Danube River in southern Germany. along the coast of the Black Sea and at the Russian fortress of Sevastopol. the Ruhr Valley. On March 28, 1854, France and Britain declared war on ___________ in alliance with the Ottomans. At the close of the Crimean War, the image of an invincible Russia that had prevailed across Europe since the close of the ____________ Wars was shattered.

Reforms in the Ottoman Empire 6. A. B. C. D. E. 7. A. B. C. D. E. 8. Issued in a degree from the sultan, the Hatt-i Sharif of Glhane, attempted to: formally annex Serbia and all Slavic peoples to the Ottoman Empire. reorganize the empires administration and military along European lines. pressure bureaucrats to only recognize Christianity as a legitimate religion. democratize the Ottoman Empire. Islamicize the Ottoman Empire. Reforms that were drawn up by administrative councils did all of the following EXCEPT: end the practice of tax farming. seek to eliminate corruption. liberalize the economy. raise taxes on imported goods. lead to tension with local rulers. During the age of Tanzimat, the Ottoman Empire actually sought to copy _______________ legal and military institutions and the secular values flowing from liberalism. Putting reforms into practice was difficult, especially in Egypt and Tunis where local rulers were virtually independent of ______________.

9.

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Italian Unification 10. He was the most important nationalist leader in Europe and brought new fervor to the hopes of Italian nationalism and unification in the 1830s and 1840s: A. Giuseppe Mazzini B. Francisco Franco C. Giuseppe Garibaldi D. Camillo Cavour E. Benito Mussolini 11. A. B. C. D. E. The Italian peninsula was transformed into a nation-state under a constitutional monarchy by: 1850. 1855. 1860. 1865. 1845.

12. Count Camillo Cavours methods to achieve Italian unification would best coincide with which philosophers ideology? A. Locke B. Machiavelli C. Robespierre D. Descartes E. Rousseau 13. A. B. C. D. E. 14. A. B. C. D. E. 15. A. B. C. D. E. Cavour was a: fanatical Catholic. fervent democrat. socialist. strong republican. strong monarchist. A formal treaty in December 1858 confirmed an agreement between Cavour and Napoleon III which would: provoke a war in Italy that would permit them (Italy and France) to defeat Austria. overthrow Mazzini and allow direct Italian unification, with French assistance. defeat the Russians at Sebastopol with Italian and French forces. spark revolution in Austria. spark revolution in Serbia. Venetia was gained and added to Italy in exchange for: Italys formal recognition of Prussia as an independent nation-state. Italys alliance with Prussia in the Austro-Prussian War. Italys military aid to the Prussians in the Cri mean War. recognition of papal authority in central Italy. Italys ceding of Sardinia to the French.

16. Nationalists had long wanted to unite the small, mostly __________ principalities of the Italian peninsula into a single state. 17. The state of ________, the most independent state on the Italian peninsula, led the countrys unification effort. 18. Cavour believed that only __________ intervention could defeat Austria and unite Italy.

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German Unification 19. A. B. C. D. E. 20. A. B. C. D. E. 21. A. B. C. D. E. This was the most important political development in Europe between 1848 and 1914: the leadership of Bismarck. German unification. Russian defeat in the Crimean War. Italys alliance with Prussia against Austria. the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Bismarck is best described as a/an: reactionary. liberal. socialist. idealist. conservative. The two strongest states in the German Confederation were: Schleswig and Holstein. Hesse and Bavaria. Austria and Prussia. Bremen and Brandenberg. Austria and Alsace.

22. Who declared Germany is not looking to Prussias liberalism but to her power. ... The great questions of the day will not be decided by speeches and majority decisionsthat was the mistake of 18481849but by iron and blood.: A. Helmut Kohl B. William I C. Otto von Bismarck D. Frederick William IV E. Richard Wagner 23. A. B. C. D. E. 24. A. B. C. D. E. 25. A. B. C. D. E. Bismarck embraced the cause of German nationalism: as a strategy to enable Prussian conservatives to outflank Prussian liberals. as a means of deterring a French invasion with a growing military force. in hopes of supporting a larger population to undergo European dominance. as a political move to solicit an Italian ally in a forthcoming war against Austria. out of his own deep sense of ideological nationalism. The Danish War of 1864 broke out of Denmarks desire to formally annex: Austria. Prussia. Bavaria and Bremen. Schleswig-Holstein. Poland. Prussia excluded Austria from German affairs by: denying Austrian claims at the Convention of Gastein. defeating Austria in the Seven Weeks War. encouraging and succeeding in an Italian defeat of Austria. gaining European-wide support for its policies. offering Austria a share of its colonies in Africa.

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26. A. B. C. D. E. 27. A. B. C. D. E. 28. A. B. C. D. E.

The two houses of the North German Confederation were the: Dem Deutschen Volke and Bundestag. Reichstag and Parliament. Parliament and Bundestag. Bundesrat and Reichstag. Senate and Commisat. In 1871 Germany was a: military monarchy. liberal republic. military dictatorship. liberal monarchy. constitutional republic. German unification was completed as a result of the: Crimean War. Napoleonic Wars. Seven Weeks War. Franco-Prussian War. Russo-Japanese War.

29. Bismarcks values were stereotypically ________ later in his political career. 30. After siding with this country against Denmark in 1864, in 1866 Prussia went to war with ________. 31. The German Empire was proclaimed in 1871 at the Palace of ________. 32. The unification of Germany was a blow to European __________.

France: From Liberal Empire to the Third Republic 33. A. B. C. D. E. 34. A. B. C. D. E. 35. A. B. C. D. E. The Paris Commune was dominated by: genuine proletarians. petty bourgeois members. strict communists. socialists and anarchists. monarchists. Chambord refused to become king of France: with a conservative monarchist majority in the National Assembly. with the House of Orlans as his heirs. without a new constitution. under any circumstances. if France retained the revolutionary tricolor flag. Captain Dreyfus was accused of: embezzling state funds. corrupting a minor. consorting with the English. cowardice in the face of the enemy. passing secrets to the Germans.

36. The war of 1870 against ___________ had been the French governments last and most disastrous attempt to shore up its foreign policy and secure domestic popularity. 197
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37. The National Assembly backed into a _____________ form of government against its will. The Habsburg Empire 38. Emperor Francis Josephs scheme for centralized administration of the Habsburg Empire meant that the government was dominated by: A. Russians. B. Liberals. C. Hungarians. D. German-speaking Austrians. E. Viennese bureaucrats. 39. A. B. C. D. E. 40. A. B. C. D. E. 41. A. B. C. D. E. Austria-Hungarys formation of a dual monarchy in 1867: meant greater Austrian control of Hungary. meant that a Magyar occupied the Hungarian throne. meant that Austria and Hungary became virtually separate states. enabled Austria-Hungary to become a major imperial power in Africa. ended the threat of nationalist divisions within the empire. Which of the following groups would have supported the Compromise of 1867? Czechs Hungarians Romanians Croatians Serbians Czech trialism was vetoed and argued against because: Francis Joseph was not willing to accept the concept. the Magyars believed they might be forced to make similar concessions to their own subject nationalities. the Germans of Bohemia were afraid the Czech language would be imposed on them. there was little public support for it in Bohemia. both B and C.

42. Austrian refusal to support Russian during the ____________ War meant the new tsar, Alexander II, would no longer help preserve Habsburg rule in Hungary. 43. The ________ of 1867 transformed the Habsburg Empire into a dual monarchy. Russia: Emancipation and Revolutionary Stirrings 44. A. B. C. D. E. He instituted the most extensive restructuring of Russian society and administration since Peter the Great: Alexander II Alexander III Nicholas I Nicholas II Michael I

45. This institution was a profound cultural gap that separated Russia from the rest of Europe and was ended in February 1861: A. Bourgeoisie B. Serfdom C. Conscription D. Legalism E. Tributism

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46. A. B. C. D. E.

Until the close of World War I, this nation was treated as merely another Russian province: Finland. Lithuania. Poland. Latvia. Romania.

Great Britain: Toward Democracy 47. Refer to the passage The Arrival of Penny Postage. How did the changes in the British postal service affect the quantity of mail and the size of the government work force? A. Both the quantity of mail and the size government work force rose. B. The size of the government work force rose to prevent mail fraud, and the mail quantity decreased. C. The new changes did not affect the size of the government, but the quantity of mail rose significantly. D. The new changes did not affect the quantity of mail, but the size of government increased significantly. E. The changes had no impact. 48. A. B. C. D. E. 49. A. B. C. D. E. 50. A. B. C. D. E. Gladstones ministry of 1868 to 1874 witnessed the c ulmination of: staunch conservatism. classical British liberalism. radical socialism. renowned republicanism. reactionary nationalism. The Ballot Act of 1872 introduced: universal male suffrage. suffrage to Caucasian males without Anglican religious requirements. a literacy poll for voting requirements. voting by secret ballot. votes for women. The leader of Ireland's movement for home rule was: Gladstone. Parnell. Disraeli. O'Malley. Stuart.

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