Summer Internship Report

Sanjay Giri Goswami

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IMRB International [+919653361208] [Type the fax nu !er]

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)*MM&R I(T&R()+I" By )an,ay -iri -o./a i

0 report .u! itte% in partial fulfil ent of the re1uire ent. of MB0 "ro2ra of 3T In.titute4 5alan%har 0t

In%ian Mar$etin2 Re.ear#h Bureau 6I7M7R7B8 9*:+I0(0

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"0RT 0 Acknowledgement ...3 ! "hapter 1. "ertificate ........................# # of Training "ompletion..

"hapter 2. $ntroduction to corporate and %roup of "ompanies... ...& 1! About $'() $nternational 1# 1* "hapter 3. +i,ision in "ompleted..1. 2/ -hich of training the was firm in

"hapter !. 0rgani1ational "hart $'()21 21 "hapter #. 2unctioning of "ompany.22 2!

+epartments

"hapter &. 3-0T Analysis.2# 2&

"0RT B
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 "hapter 1. About Training 4ro5ect..2* 32 "hapter 2. 43A 3teps and 'ethods33 #. "hapter 3. (esults and 2indings&/ &/ "hapter !. )ibliography ..&1 &1

03<('=9&:-&M&(T A formal statement of acknowledgement will hardly meet the ends of 5ustice in the matter of e6pression of my sense of gratitude and obligation to all those who helped me in the completion of this pro5ect. -ith great re,erence $ would like to e6press my profound gratitude to $'() $nternational for gi,ing me the opportunity to ha,e training in their company. This pro5ect report is the result of my two months summer training at IMRB International 7udhiana8 which has been one of the most learning periods of my life. $ had a rich e6perience and e6posure in ,arious pro5ects of the company.

2irst of all8 $ would take this opportunity to thank 'r. Amandip 3ingh 92ield 'anager: for gi,ing me a wonderful topic to work on. $t was a real ,alue added e6perience for ha,ing worked under stewardship of him. 'r. Amandip 3ingh for being my mentor8 without whose support this pro5ect would ha,e been de,oid of any progress8 what so e,er. 'r. 4ardeep 3ethi 92ield "ontroller: constructi,e comments and contributions had been of immense help for gi,ing a tangible shape to this pro5ect report $ also take this opportunity for e6pressing my special thanks to 'iss ;onica and 'r. 3ailesh Tripathi my <ead during this internship and my Team for her inestimable in,ol,ement and e6tended cooperation in successfully completing this pro5ect. $t had been a memorable e6perience while conducting =4re 3ur,eillance Assessment> for ?A"0 and the learning so obtained from it could be of great use when put in practice. 7ast but not the least@ $Am thankful to the whole organi1ation for making my stay at $'() $nternational8 7udhiana branch8 a memorable one. 3+0"T&R 1 3&RTI>I30T& '> TR0I(I(- 3'M"9&TI'( >R'M T+& 3'(3&R(&: 'R-0(I?0TI'(

3+0"T&R 2 Intro%u#tion to 3orporate an% -roup of 3o panie. $'() is part of the ;antar %roup8 the information8 insight and consultancy wing of the -44 %roup. 0!out ="" -44 6=ire an% "la.ti# "ro%u#t. pl#8 is one of the worldBs largest communications ser,ices groups8 employing 11/8/// people in town and associate companies8 working in o,er 28/// offices in 1/& countries. -ithin -448 clients ha,e access to companies of all the necessary marketing and communications skills. This offers clients a comprehensi,e and8 when appropriate8 integrated range of communications ser,ices. <antar -roup@ A The ;antar group was established in 1..38 a 7ondon based holding company responsible for -44Bs worldwide information and consultancy interests. ;antar is the worldBs largest sur,ey organi1ation and is ranked 3rd o,erall. $t comprises global research businesses (esearch $nternational8 'illward )rown and ;antar 'edia (esearch and regional ones )'() $nternational8 $'() $nternational and A'() international Cach is a leader in its own area of e6pertise or speciali1ation. The research studies in o,er 13/ countries. The ;antar group speciali1es in D

Eualitati,e and Fuantitati,e research Tracking studies $nternational research 4redicti,e modelling 'edia measurement
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+ata capture and handling 3trategic research "ustomer handling

Mi..ion To de,elop and manage talent@ to apply that talent8 throughout the world8 for the benefit of clients@ to do so in partnership@ to do so with profit.

Millward Brown Group 'ill wards )rown %roup 9')%:@ based in ?aper,ille8 $llinois8 was founded in -arwick8 Cngland in 1.G3 and acFuired by -44 %roup in 1.*.. 'illward )rown pro,ides a range of Fualitati,e8 Fuantitati,e and consulting ser,ices with respect to brands8 marketing communications8 media and marketing effecti,eness. 'illward )rown works across a wide range of industries and categories8 including brand strategy and e6perience8 creati,e de,elopment and campaign e,aluation8 consumer needs and ,alues8 media planning and strategy8 return on in,estment 9(0$: and forecasting8 and in,estment management8 brand ,aluation and analytics through its ') 0ptima unit headed by Hoanna 3eddon. Research International (esearch $nternational 9($: was founded in 1.G38 and has been part of the -44 %roup since 1.*.. )ob 'eyers is the current "C0 for (esearch $nternational. $t has offices in #G countries8 and its global headFuarters are in 7ondon. ($ Eualitati,e is the groupAs Fualitati,e research arm. ($ pro,ides marketing knowledge created in response to indi,idual clients needs with answers to specific business problems8 and generates insights into consumers and markets. $t has e6perience in most ma5or sectors8 particularly consumer packaged goods8 retail8 new
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media8 financial ser,ices8 telecommunications.

energy

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technology

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($As ser,ices are structured around si6 main practice areasD consumer understanding@ branding and communication@ inno,ation8 channel management@ new media@ and customer relationships and ser,ice measurement. $n each area8 the ser,ices offered draws on the firmAs worldwide knowledge bases and include both custom approaches and is own techniFues. Among the latter are Equity Engine 9brand eFuity management:8 Micro Test 9new product de,elopment and sales forecasting:8 Brand Sight Gallery 9an internationally ,alidated ,isual system for e6ploring brand personality:8 7ocator 9brand positioning optimi1ation: and Loyalty Driver 9e,aluating and managing customer loyalty:.

BMRB International )'() is one of the leading market research agencies in the I;. $ts head office is in 7ondon. )'() 7imited is registered in Cngland with company number 2G#3/!. JAT numberD !.# 3!! 22. As one of the I;s leading market research agencies8 we are committed to running the "ompany in a way which is safe for the en,ironment whilst maintaining the highest Fuality of ser,ice to our clients. )'() pro,ides high Fuality research solutions. -e offer a range of approaches including research and consultancy8 syndicated data and cost effecti,e omnibus research. -e are one of the leading market research agencies in the I; and are a key operating company within the 'illward )rown %roup which8 in turn8 is part of ;antar8 -44Bs insight8 information and consultancy di,ision. The information that we collect is processed and used toD

pro,ide an efficient and user friendly ser,ice@ administer your orders8 reFuests and Fueries@ pro,ide information on selected productsKser,ices that may be of rele,ance to you@
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assist in our de,elopment of and to audit usage of our site@

)'()As specialismAs areD

)rand owner insight "ustomer Cmployee Cn,ironment 'edia 0mnibus 3ocial 3ports T%$

0MRB Cstablished in 1...8 A'() is an associate company of $'() $nternational and offers market research ser,ices across the 'iddle Cast and ?orth Africa region. -e pro,ide research consultancy for both general and speciali1ed needs. A'() is headFuartered in :u!ai8 *0& from where we ser,ice %ulf markets8 the 7e,ant region 97ebanon8 Hordan and 3yria:8 $ran and 4akistan. -e also ha,e full .erBi#e offi#e. in 5e%%ah 9for 3audi Arabia: an% 3airo 9for Cgypt and ?orth Africa:. A'() has its own field offices in 3audi Arabia8 Cgypt and $ran and work with fieldwork partners in other markets. A'() has worked on pro5ects for both multinational and local clients in )ahrain8 Cgypt8 $ran8 Hordan8 ;uwait8 7ebanon8 'orocco8 0man8 4akistan8 Eatar8 3audi Arabia8 3yria8 Tunisia8 and IAC. -ith an established field network8 knowledge of local culture8
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normati,e databases and an international toolkit of research methods8 A'() is uniFuely positioned to pro,ide inno,ati,e solutions to any marketing issue. A'()8 in association with other ;A?TA( %roup companies offer se,eral pro,en methodologies in the 'iddle Cast and ?orth Africa regionD

$n association with 'illward )rown8 A'() offers Ad,anced Tracking 4rograms 9AT4s:8 )rand +ynamics and 7$?; copy testing. $n association with (esearch $nternational8 A'() pro,ides e6pertise in 3imulated Test 'arketing 9'icro Test:8 3hopper (esearch 9"AT'A?: and 4ricing (esearch 9using speciali1ed models:.

A'() is a member of the -alker $nformation %lobal network and offer programs to help in 'anaging 3takeholder (elationships. 0..o#iate. an% 0ffiliate #o panie.@ A $'() $nternational has acted as a catalyst in the de,elopment of market research infrastructure in neighbouring countries. -e work with associate companies in 3ri 7anka 97anka 'arket (esearch )ureau: and in the 'iddle Cast 9Arab 'arket (esearch )ureau:8 and through affiliates in Australia8 3ingapore8 'alaysia8 Thailand8 $ndonesia8 4hilippines8 Cgypt8 Tunisia8 ?epal8 4akistan8 )angladesh and 'yanmar. =al$er Infor ation -lo!al (et/or$ 6=I-(8 "ustomer 3atisfaction 'anagement L 'easurement 9"3'':8 one of the specialist units of $'() $nternational8 is an e6clusi,e member of -alker $nformation %lobal ?etwork 9-$%?: in the $ndian subcontinent. -alker $nformation %lobal ?etwork is the only international partnership dedicated e6clusi,ely to stakeholder measurement and management. "3'' uses proprietary tools de,eloped by -alker $nformation8 the recogni1ed pioneer in customer satisfaction. own $nternational

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+i.tori#al !a#$2roun% of the 2roup 1985 'artin 3orrell takes stake in -ire and 4lastic 4roducts 4lc 8 a I; manufacturer of wire baskets8 following his search for a public entity through which to build a worldwide marketing ser,ices company 1986A8C 3orrell becomes chief e6ecuti,e of the renamed -44 %roup. )uilds below the line capabilities with acFuisition of marketing ser,ices companies in the I; and I3 198C AcFuires H. -alter Thompson %roup for M#&&m8 including ad agency H-T 8 4( firm <ill and ;nowlton $nc and market research network '() %roup 1.** 7isted on ?A3+AE e6change in ?ew Nork "ontinued acFuisition of I3 and I; based marketing ser,ices companies 1989 AcFuires The 0gil,y %roup for M*&!m8 including ad agency 0gil,y L 'ather -orldwide8 0gil,y +irect and 0gil,y 4ublic (elations -orldwide (esearch firms 'illward )rown and (esearch $nternational 5oin -44. 1990A92 -44 named the worldBs top agency group by Ad,ertising Age %roup financial re structuring $)' consolidates its global ad,ertising at 0gil,y L 'ather8 mo,ing from !/ agencies to a single global agency 1995 Cstablishes ;antar as internal parent company for the %roupBs research
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interests. 199C $ntroduces worldwide stock option program for all -44 people 7aunches new generation media planning8 buying and research company 'ind3hare 8 in Curope and Asia $n,ests in )atey <oldings8 3ingapore based ad,ertising group8 "hime "ommunications and 7atin American media research business $)04C. 1998 2orms strategic alliance with Asatsu +; $nc8 HapanBs third largest ad,ertising agency "ontinued acFuisitions 93/O: across all disciplines to strengthen e6isting networks8 including I3 based global retail consultancy 'anagement Jentures $nc. Hoins the 7ondon 3tock C6changeBs 2T 3C 1// $nde6. 1999 'ind3hare launches in the I3 ;imberly "lark consolidates its global ad,ertising account with H-T AcFuires The )rand Inion8 including corporate identity specialists 7ambie ?airn 8 and sports marketing company 4($3' %roup. 2000 AcFuires Noung L (ubicam %roup 8 including NL( Ad,ertising 8 )urson 'arsteller 8 7andor 8 -underman 8 "ohn L -olfe and 3udler L <ennessey 3#O acFuisitions including 3pafa6 9in flight media: and 4remiere %roup 9the sports marketingKsponsorship company: "ommissions )rands research tool from 'illward )rown. 2001 7aunches (ed "ell8 fourth agency network@ acFuires I3 creati,e ad,ertising agency )erlin "ameron L 4artners AcFuires Tempus %roup plc. TempusB media agency "$A 5oins forces with The 'edia Cdge to form 'ediaedgecia AcFuires ma5ority interest in ;orean ad,ertising agency A+ Jenture -orldwide@ 2#O further acFuisitions including 4enn8
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3choen L )erland8 'H'8 J'78 2insbury8 %lendinning and Piment. 2002 3trengthens presence in "hina and Taiwan through stakes in 3hanghai Ad,ertising Agency8 < 7ine -orldwide 9"hina: and Cra 4ublic (elations 9Taiwan:. 0gil,y L 'ather and Noung L (ubicam take controlling stake in 7% Ad $nc8 ;oreaBs largest ad agency. 2003 AcFuires "ordiant "ommunications %roup8 bringing )ates8 2itch8 1!1 -orldwide and <ealth -orld into the %roup. )ates re launches as a standalone Asian agency brand -44 forms %roup to o,ersee %roupBs media in,estment management interests. (ed "ell strengthens in I; ,ia stake in <<"7. 200D -44 teams win global <3)" and 3amsung accounts8 representing more than M1 billion in new business 3trengthens creati,e and media presence in "hina and Taiwan.A%) and ?ielsen 'edia (esearch create international TJ ratings company A%) ?ielsen 'edia (esearch. 2005 -44 acFuires %rey %lobal %roup. 4oster 4ublicity and 4ortland merge to create global outdoor media company ;inetic. -44 strengthens position in (ussia ,ia new ,enture with Jideo $nternational. -44 acFuires )ridge -orldwide8 a leading I3 based interacti,e and relationship marketing specialist. 2006 "hina presence further strengthened by acFuisitions in ad,ertising8 media8 specialist marketing and market research -44 in,ests in digital partnerships with Jisible Technologies 8 7i,e -orld 8 -ild Tangent and 3pot (unner 7aunch of )ran damp 8 a musical and brand partnership between -44Bs %roup and Ini,ersal 'usic.
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200C 6to %ate8 -44 +igital created to harness digital media opportunities@ forms further digital partnerships with Hump Tap 8 icon mobile and metrics -44 announces "02 reduction targets and introduces carbon offset program. )erBi#e. offere% !y the 2roup @A The ;antar %roup is the umbrella name for an e6tensi,e worldwide network of specialist information8 research and consultancy agencies owned by marketing giant -44. ;antar has one of the worldBs largest research8 insight and consultancy networks. $t helps clients make better business decisions through a deeper understanding of their markets8 their brands and their customers. $t helps clients to find better ways to answer business Fuestions. ;antar brings together a di,erse group of outstanding marketing insight and consulting companies each an e6pert in their field who can work together seamlessly to help clients address business issues in a holistic and strategic way. ;antar has 1&/ offices8 in &/ countries worldwide. 0%%e% Ealue -roup Added Jalue offers brand de,elopment and marketing insight ser,ices to blue chip companies across all industry sectors. $t starts with insight and ends with action@ in pursuit of healthy brand growth for its clients. Added Jalue %roup fuses brand marketing8 consumer insight8 inno,ation8 and communications optimi1ation to help sol,e clientsA marketing problems. $t is one of the largest insight led brand consultancies in the world. 5=T The worldBs first global brand communication company that pro,ides its clients with both short term sales success and long term brand ,alue. H.-alter Thompson was founded in 1*&!8 with 2!& offices globally and more than .2// employees. H-TBs proprietary planning
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process8 Thomson total branding in now installed in all offices worldwide guarantying a uniform le,el of e6cellence in the de,elopment of )rand Jision8 a )randing $dea and Total "ommunication 4lan.

0!out IMRB International $'() is the ,ision of 'r. 3ubhas %hoshal8 the legendary head of <TA 9now H-T:. -e are born out of con,iction that good ad,ertising can only be built on sound consumer insight. -e are the Ini,ersity of the $ndian market research. -e are one of the top 2/ 'arket (esearch companies in the world. $'() was set up in 1.G/8 a full 3G years after )'() was set up in I; by H-T. They are a part of -44 which is formed by 3ir 'artin 3orrell in 1.*#. -44 is a Q*.&* billion@ re,enue company with 13*8/// employees in 2!// offices across 1/G countries. ;antar is -44As research8 insight L consultancy network. ;antar was founded in 1..38 is now the worldAs fourth largest research conglomerate. $t boasts of M1.G billion worth of re,enue with offices in 1&/ offices across .# countries. +o/ are they %ifferentF -e add ,alue to clients real ,alue. -e de,elop a learning culture that
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fosters inno,ation and we also contribute to academia and policy makers. -e ha,e de,eloped a sustainable working en,ironment that is good and fair to us and our clients. -e ha,e the largest team of researchers and analysts with around ! decades of leadership in the region. -e ha,e 2& offices in 12 countries each of them eFuipped with speciali1ed units by research methods and industry sector. -e ha,e !.! million customer interactions e,ery year. Their Metho%. an% "hilo.ophy 0ur perspecti,e is uniFue. 0ur approach is refreshing. And our solutions pro,ide a comprehensi,e response to our clientAs needs8 not packaged data but custom solutions for clients. -e offer ser,ices with the integration of Fualitati,e and Fuantitati,e tools. -e are designed in $ndia for $ndia8 our measures and scales are created to ma6imi1e sensiti,ity. -e work together with T%$8 -eb $8 $'() (etail8 'arket 4ulse8 $T043 and $"I)C. 0ur passion is to dri,e your business growth by combining consumer understanding and brand knowledge with intuition and inno,ation. Their 0#hieBe ent. A Their -oal. $'() has demonstrated its ,ision and leadership in the $ndian market by establishing se,eral industry wide measurements and rating systems. ?otable amongst these is our pioneering role in establishing $ndiaAs first TJ rating system 9TA': and the creation of social economic classification 93C": system in $ndia. -e ha,e won se,eral prestigious awards. Amongst them the most noteworthy being the '( Agency of the year from 2//# 2//.. -e ha,e presented cutting edge research for se,eral years at international forums including C30'A( and won awards for our efforts. -e ha,e also been awarded the -44As Atticus award 5ointly with H-T. Their 3lient. 0ur top clients include )AT %roup8 )harti %roup8 "adbury8 2ord %roup8 2rito 7ay8 %la6o 3mith line8 <ein18 $ndian Airlines8 $T" %roup8 'illward
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)rown8 ?estle8 4epsi %roup8 (eckitt )enckiser8 (esearch $nternational8 TJ3 'otors8 Inile,er %roup8 and J3T and so on. A few words from two of our esteemed clients: =As a team they produce thoughtful proposals8 e6cellent fieldwork and presentations. They are constantly in,ol,ed in the work. They feel like a ,ersion of our own office> =$'() showed a high degree of professionalism8 rigor and discipline. An e6cellent le,el of client ser,icing8 need fulfilment8 pro acti,eness and analytical focus.>

IMRB 0(: T+&IR E0RI'*) :IEI)I'()@ IMRB is di,ided into 11 speciali1ed I?$T3 0!a#u. Bu.ine.. 'peration. 60B'8@ Abacus )usiness 0perationsD A)0 is an $30 .//1D2//* certified specialist unit of $'() $nternational. $t has the largest "ustom research fieldwork and data collection capabilities in the country. -ith o,er 2// full time employees managing and super,ising the work of o,er !/// inter,iewers on any gi,en day8 we conduct o,er ! million inter,iews annually. 0,er and abo,e this8 they inter,iew another 1.# million O telephonically. IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ 0!a#u. Mar$et 0naly.i.A A)A"I3 'A(;CT A?A7NT$"3 unit offers a wide range of ser,ices to all the research units in $'(). These include data processing8 charting8 statistical analysis8 database management and updation8 software de,elopment and testing. 0!a#u. Re.ear#h@ Abacus (esearch looks after the domestic and $nternational 2ield and tab business. They ser,ice "lients and
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(esearch Agencies which ha,e their own (esearch set up and only want the data collected and clean data sent to them. Abacus (esearch has a team of e6pert 4ro5ect 'anagement C6ecuti,es led by a seasoned and highly e6perienced 0perations +irector. IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ BIR:A )$(+8 the )usiness L $ndustrial (esearch +i,ision of $'() $nternational8 is the market research and consultancy di,ision ser,icing )2) and industrial markets. 2or catering to technology markets including $T hardware8 software L ser,ices and Telecommunication8 there is an e6clusi,e e Technology %roup within )$(+. IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ B)-A The )rand 3cience %roup 9)3%: is a new unit at $'() $nternational that primarily focuses on )rand and "ommunication (esearch. 0,er the last few years $'() )rand 3cience has been working towards the de,elopment of ,arious tools that would help us get a better understanding of the )rand and its communication in an $ndian "onte6t.

IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ 3)MMA "ustomer 3atisfaction 'anagement L 'easurement 9"3'': is an independent8 specialist unit of $'() $nternational. "3'' is an e6clusi,e member of the -alker $nformation %lobal ?etwork 9-$%?: in the $ndian subcontinent.

IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ Me%ia 0n% "anel -roupA 'edia and 4anel is an independent8 specialist unit of $'() $nternational8 incorporated in 1..2. '4% handles different kinds of research both syndicated and customi1ed. '4% has ! different ,erticalsD "onsumer 4anel 9'arket 4ulse:8 (etail Init8 'edia Init8 'anTech 3oftware and 3ystems.

IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ "GRA 4robe Eualitati,e (esearch

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is one of $ndiaBs leading Fualitati,e research groups and has e6ecuti,es specially trained in $ndia and o,erseas in Fualitati,e research methods. +rawing on learning from ethnography8 psychology and anthropology. $t has created an array of ,alidated tool kits.

IMRB International :iBi.ion.@ GualitatiBe Re.ear#hA $'() $nternationalBs "ustomi1ed Euantitati,e (esearch +i,ision offers custom research solutions using Fuantitati,e methods to clients in $ndia and abroad through its fi,e offices in 'umbai8 +elhi8 ;olkata8 )angalore and "hennai.

3+0"T&R 3 :IEI)I'( I( =+I3+ TR0I(I(- =0) 3'M"9&T&:@ The branch in which the training was done Abacus )usiness 0perations )ranch 0ffice 7udhiana as a 2$C7+ (C3CA("<C( in a Team of 3. The branch offered two kinds of 5ob profiles for $?TC(?3 namely field researchers as 2ree lancers and field researchers in one for their ma5or pro5ect headed by ?A"0 9?ational A$+3 "ontrol 0rgani1ation:. $ applied for the 5ob of the pro5ect headed by ?A"0 and was appointed as a
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member of Team after clearing up of series of inter,iews for the time span from 2. 'ay 2/13 to 11 Hune 2/13. This )ranch deals with the ,arious "ustomer researches and the 2ield work for +ATA "077C"T$0? related to any particular pro5ect. This branch is 2unctioning since past G years till date. The 2irm has internalK4ermanent staff of * persons while the 2ree lancing members working for the organi1ation are appro6imately 3//. The staffs of the permanent members are the ones who stay at office and work there while the rest 3// are the employees that are working in the organi1ation since the beginning of the di,ision till date. The ma5or responsibility of the 2ree 7ancing staff are to do the field 3ur,eys or the 2ield researches and collect the responses or the data related to any sur,ey being carried on by the di,ision and later the data collected is sent to either the client or the +ATA 4(0"C33$?% units of $'() which are in +elhi8 'umbai8 4une8 ;olkata8 )angalore. 2ree lancers are the staff members of the company which work here as 4art Timers8 they are not pro,ided with any fi6ed schedule but ha,e to work according to the present consignment that they are working for. The "ompany is presently participating in the 43A 94re 3ur,eillance assessment: sur,ey for ?A"0 for their upcoming $))3 9$ntegrated )iological and )eha,ioural sur,eillance: of the <(%As 9<igh (isk %roups: that are being affected by A$+3 9AcFuired $mmuno +eficiency 3yndrome:.

-hen we went in for inter,iews they asked us to 5oin this pro5ect and be a part of the team for 43A. Cach team had 3 'embers with each member pro,ided with a designation and a particular role. The +esignations were as follows 1. Team 7eaderD The Team leader was responsible for all the problems that any of the teams faced on or off field also the ,arious e6penses like tra,elling allowance or dearness allowance to be paid was in the team leaderAs responsibility. Jarious documents8 +ata and the other information regarding the facts was to be collected by the team leader he had to accompany the team to ,arious locations
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where the inter,iews were to conducted and then synchroni1e with the in,ol,ed persons as per their schedule and make sure that they are a,ailable on time 2. 'oderatorD The inter,iewer in the team with the responsibility to conduct and coordinate with the respondents in,ol,ed in ,arious inter,iews. All the inter,iews which were conducted were commenced and carried on by the moderator 3. ?ote TakerD The ?ote Taker had the responsibility to take down all the notes and whate,er con,ersation moderator and the group or a single respondent had in order to keep a record and present in a final and presentable format in form of soft copy.

3+0"T&R D 'R-0(I?0TI'(09 3+0RT '> T+& >IRM I7M7R7B

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4ar,een ;umar

3+0"T&R 5 >*(3TI'(I(- '> T+& :&"0RTM&(T) I( 3'M"0(H There are basically 3 departments in the company namely the 2ield +epartment8 Administrati,e +epartment8 "ommercial department. >iel% :epart ent @ 2ield department is responsible for the completion of the pro5ect.
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2ield department has field controller for its smooth working. $'() 7udhiana which is one of the fifteen field offices of $'() international in $ndia8 has . 2ield "ontroller. The 2ield "ontroller who takes care of a particular pro5ect is called C6ecuti,e in "harge 9C$":. R'9& '> &I3 9 C6ecuti,e in charge: D B&>'R& "R'5&3T@ Inderstanding of the pro5ect needs and clarification with (esearch if reFuired. 4reparatory work including translation8 sampling8 cards etc. %et the right type and no. of inter,iewers reFuired keeping the target date in mind. -ork out the payment rates for inter,iewers and team leaders. 2i6 a briefing date and brief. 'ock "alls. :*RI(- "R'5&3T To gi,e TAK+A in ad,ance as per need. +ay to day report. 3tatus report to (esearch. 3tatus re,iew and action. 3crutiny. )ack checks. +ispatch in lots on 'ediumK7arge 5obs. "lear the TAK+A of the freelancerKTeam 7eader. 0>T&R "R'5&3T +ispatch of materials with suggestions if any for future pro5ects. 3crutini1e indi,idual bills submitted by freelancers and ensure that they get their payments on time. 2inal mail to (esearcher about the completion of pro5ect. 0% ini.tratiBe :epart ent @
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Administrati,e +epartment takes care that e,erything in the field office is going according to the norms and procedure. $t keeps check on all the acti,ities of the office. ATTC?+C?"C (C%$3TC(D Anybody who comes to the office8 heKshe has to sign in the attendance register stating clearly the person heKshe wants to meet. 7ATC CJC?$?% A?+ <07$+AN (C%$3TC(D Any person who ,isits the office in e,ening or on holiday has to sign in the attendance register. '0JC'C?T (C%$3TC(D Anybody who is going out for the official purpose has to enter in the mo,ement register. 3TAT$0?A(N (C%$3TC(D All record of the stationery coming in and going out is to be recorded in the 3tationery register. 3T+K2AR (C%$3TC(D All 3T+ callsK2a6 done by a Team leader or a 2reelancer are to be registered in the register with the name of the Cmployee whose permission has been taken. 4<0T0"04N (C%$3TC(D All +ocuments that are to be photocopied must be registered with the Hob ?umber. %$2T3 (C%$3TC(D All gifts that are bought and later dispatched must be recorded in the register. )I+%CT 2$7CD The budget for the particular 4ro5ect should be properly written in the )udget 2ile and The bills of the Team 7eader and the 2reelancer and other e6penses are to be maintained properly. >I&9: ='R< '>>I3&) I( I(:I0

(orth +elhi 7ucknow 7udhiana

&a.t ;olkata %uwahati )hubaneshwa

=e.t 'umbai Ahmadabad 4une

)outh )angalore <yderabad "hennai

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r 4atna $ndore

"ochin

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3+0"T&R 1 0B'*T T+& TR0I(I(- "R'5&3T 171 I(TR':*3TI'(@ %i,en the low le,el and concentrated nature of <$J epidemics in $ndia8 ?ational $ntegrated )eha,ioural and )iological 3ur,eillance 9$))3: is being implemented as a strategy to strengthen sur,eillance among high risk groups 9<(%s: and bridge population. This will generate e,idence on pre,alence and risk beha,iours among <(%s and migrants to support planning and prioriti1ation of program efforts at district8 state and national le,els. The key field acti,ities under $))3 include pre sur,eillance assessment 943A:8 sampling frame de,elopment 932+:8 community preparation and data collection. 43A is the first step in the whole process. $t would be conducted in districts selected on the basis of information a,ailable with ?A"0 about the si1e of <(%s and migrants. 2or each risk group8 an independent sampling frame 9that is8 domain list: has been de,eloped. A SdomainA has been defined as a geographical unit for which bio beha,ioural estimates will be generated from a specific risk group. %enerally8 a single district is the basic domain in national $))3. <owe,er8 if a single district does not ha,e adeFuate numbers of an <(% to meet the sample si1e8
2&

neighbouring districts within a geographical region in a state are grouped to form a domain. After creating a uni,erse of potential domains for each risk group8 domains for 43A are selected randomly to ensure regional representation from a state. "ertain districts of epidemiological importance ha,e been purposefully added in some states. A detailed note on the methodology used in selecting domains for $))3 has been separately prepared. 43A is primarily an acti,ity to arri,e at a consensus on the estimated <(% si1e8 typologies8 locations8 beha,iours8 conte6ts and concerns in all selected districtsKdomains. $t pro,ides a mechanism to ,alidate domain feasibility after interacting with state 8 district and grassroots le,el stakeholders. Additionally8 43A also pro,ides important inputs for planning $))3 fieldwork in feasible domains8 for e6ample8 through identification of key gatekeepers and potential challenges and migration strategies in the field. 43A also facilitates understanding of local languagesKdialectsK colloFuial words being used by risk groups in selected domains8 which not only helps in finali1ing Fuestionnaires for $))3 fieldwork but also helps in recruitment of suitable inter,iewers and coordinating subseFuent fieldwork in selected domains. $n case of composite domains8 there is also a need to understand homogeneity of districts comprising the domain8 and 43A pro,ides crucial inputs on finali1ation of domain composition. 7astly8 43A would pro,ide the final domains where subseFuent fieldwork for $))3 would be done.

172 'B5&3TIE&) '> ")0 6"reA.urBeillan#e 0..e.. ent8@ The broad ob5ecti,es of 43A areD 1. 2easibility assessment for implementing the sur,ey in selected domains

2G

2. Inderstanding the background characteristics of study population in a domain 9to plan $))3 implementation and to obtain conte6tual information for interpretation of $))3 results subseFuently: 3. "ommunity sensiti1ation and preparation before sur,ey rollout 3pecific ob5ecti,es of 43A include the followingD 1. Arri,e at a consensus on the si1e of risk groups in a domain8 including assessment of rural <(%s and migrants 2. Inderstand the predominant typologies to ascertain the sampling methodologies to be adopted 3. "ollect Fualitati,e background information on key characteristics of risk groups8 their networks and beha,iours8 conte6tual factors that affect patterns8 si1e8 mobility etc. !. Assess the homogeneity of districts in case of composite domains #. Assess the feasibility of conducting $))3 fieldwork in a domain &. $dentify key community le,el stakeholders to be in,ol,ed in $))3 G. 2acilitate in,ol,ement of community from the beginning of $))3 implementation *. $dentify the local languagesKdialects to be used during fieldwork implementation and Fuestionnaire de,elopment .. $dentify potential challenges in $))3 implementation so as plan the mitigation strategies

173 ")0 "R&"&R0T'RH 03TIEITI&)@

2*

"urpo.e@ 4reparatory acti,ities aim to facilitate the process and planning for successful conduct of 43A. :e.#ription@ A number of broad acti,ities are reFuired to establish the key processes outlined in 43A operational plan and to initiate planning for the conduct of 43A. The domains where 43A is to be conducted were finali1ed. These selected domains for 43A formed the uni,erse of domains where $))3 could potentially be conducted. The 43A process in these domains will pro,ide data on the feasibility of $))3 in these domains. ?A"0As Technical Ad,isory %roup 9TA%: re,iewed the 43A protocol and guidelines and pro,ided inputs for finali1ation and appro,al. 3imultaneously8 administrati,e processes to ha,e the regional institutes on board for $))3 would be ongoing and get finali1ed. 43A reFuired targeted inter,ention 9T$: and 3tate A$+3 "ontrol 3ociety 93A"3: units to be engaged pro,ide secondary data as well as support the implementation of 43A and $))3. To facilitate this8 letters of reFuest for support and list of data reFuirements were sent to 3A"3. The central core team engaged and coordinated the process of secondary data collection with support from regional institutes. This data will be re,iewed and analy1ed to inform 43A field acti,ities. ?ational le,el sensiti1ation meeting of 3A"3 and regional institutes were conducted to present detailed methodology and plans for implementation of 43A. 2inali1ation of 43A teams was a key preparatory acti,ity. Cach 43A team comprised of three membersD one member will ha,e primary e6pertise on communication and facilitation skills 9Team 7eader:@ the second member will ha,e e6pertise in Fualitati,e data collection and documentation 9?ote Taker:@ and the third member will ha,e e6pertise
2.

in Fualitati,e research and skills to support field data collection for 43A 9'oderator:. ?ational trainers trained regional institute teams on 43A tools@ the latter in turn conducted training for regional field 43A teams.

17D ")0 Metho%olo2y an% )tep. To meet its ob5ecti,es8 43A reFuires an analytical approach that uses both Fuantitati,e and Fualitati,e tools for collection of primary and secondary data. The design for 43A includesD 9i: 3ystematic desk re,iew of the a,ailable literature specific to districts in a domain@ 9ii: Euantitati,e data collection from T$s@ 9iii: 2ield work@ and 9i,: Analysis and report from 43A. 9$: 3C"0?+A(N +ATA "077C"T$0? 2(0' 3A"3 A?+ T$3 $nformation pertaining to the estimated si1e8 co,erage8 typology and location are usually a,ailable with state andKor district program managers for targeted inter,entions. As part of 43A8 information about ,arious aspects of the si1e of <(%s and 'igrants in a district would be collected through a structured format T ")0@ Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet7 )roadly8 the tool will capture information on mapping history8 its findings as well as details on the ,arious aspects of si1e8 co,erage and outreach in currently operational T$s and hotspots in districts. 6II8 :&)< R&EI&= The purpose of the desk re,iew is to document the information already a,ailable on all districts in a domain@ this information should be rele,ant to 43A ob5ecti,es and be documented in a structured format. 2or each domain8 the documents re,iewed shall be listed in a prescribed
3/

6III8 >I&9: ='R< >'R "RIM0RH :0T0 3'99&3TI'( 43A includes interactions with ,arious stakeholders at state and district le,el and collection of information pertaining to ob5ecti,es of the 43A. $t includes Fualitati,e methods of data collection8 such as group discussions8 key informant and in depth inter,iews8 as well as obser,ational ,isits. $t also includes collection and re,iew of documents a,ailable with stakeholders to strengthen e,idence on feasibility and the characteristics of <(%s and 'igrants in a domain. 2ield work for primary data will be undertaken in all the domainsKdistricts and the information would be summari1ed in ")0@ >iel% Ei.it Report7 6IE8 0(09H)I) 0(: 3'M"I90TI'( 2ollowing primary data collection8 the 43A teams will analy1e and compile data to complete the 43A report and inform the feasibility of $))3 in each of the domains where 43A was conducted. The collected Fualitati,e data will be triangulated and summari1ed in the 43A Fualitati,e format for each <(% and 'igrants in the respecti,e domain. Alongside8 other components of the 43A report will be compiled8 completed and submitted. $n depth analysis of the Fualitati,e transcripts will be compiled o,er an e6tended period by Fualitati,e researchers@ this would be used to triangulate with $))3 sur,ey findings for each domain.

31

")0 )tep. an% Metho%.

27 ")0 )tep. Metho%. an% Tool.

32

271 )e#on%ary :ata 3olle#tion fro )o#iety8 an% TI.

)03) 6)tate 0I:) 3ontrol

"urpo.e@ To take stock8 re,iew and analy1e a,ailable data on <(% and migrants si1e and characteristics in a domain8 which will inform the feasibility of $))3 in the domain (e,iew of Fuantitati,e program data is an important step in 43A and ser,es to clarify the a,ailable information8 which helps decide on the feasibility of $))3 in e,ery domain. :e.#ription@ The data reFuired from 3A"3 and T$s are listed in ")0@ Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet. Three tables of information will be collectedD Ta!le 1D This table primarily includes district le,el data from mapping. $ndicators in this table includeD a,ailability of mapping data@ si1e of <(% and migrants8 based on mapping@ <(% and migrants si1e by typologyK categories and the total figure@ number of hotspots8 based on mapping@ and start date of inter,entions in the district. Ta!le 2D This table includes information on the currently acti,e or operational T$s in a district. $ndicators in this table includeD name of T$8 start date8 target8 a,ailability of line listing8 when the line listing was last updated8 <%( and migrants si1e by typology and the total figure8 <(% and migrants co,erage 9contacts and clinic ,isits:8 towns co,ered by T$8 and number of hotspots in each town. Ta!le 3D This table includes information on T$s that ha,e been terminated in the last three years in the district8 and other T$s are not co,ering the <(% and migrants population partially or completely. The data collected in this table includesD name of T$8 start and termination dates8 a,ailability of line listing data8 and <(% and migrants si1e by typology and the total number as per line listing.
33

 +ata will be collected separately for each type of <(% and migrants in the domain and for all districts across the country. The ")0@ Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet format will be circulated to 3A"3 and T$s along with guidelines for completing the format. Along with this8 a list of program reports and documents that are to be made a,ailable to 43A teams will be sent to 3A"3. These will be sent to the central team or kept ready for 43A teams during their ,isit to the state. 3tep by step guidelines for 3A"3 and T$s to fill the format are pro,ided in the document -ui%eline. for )03) an% TI.@ Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet7 0nce the information is recei,ed from 3A"3 and T$s8 a central team will re,iew8 analy1e and compile the data after robust data Fuality checks. The compiled data will be transformed into district and town specific formats or summary sheets. These summary sheets 9as in 3ection 1: will be shared with 43A teams to carry during field ,isits. 43A team members will re,iew the summary sheets8 based on the Fuantitati,e data collected8 and summari1e 9for each <(% and migrants: for ease of re,iew. This re,iew informs 43A teams on the a,ailability of critical data and the gaps that need to be filled and better understood during 43A field ,isits. 43A teams should re,iew summary sheets for a,ailability ofD si1e estimates of <(%s8 distribution by typologyK category8 a,ailability of hotspots data or places of congregation8 and data disaggregated by T$s. $f any of the abo,e information is missingKnot a,ailable in summary sheets8 the 43A team will plan to collect this information as a first step during their ,isit to state headFuarters.
3!

272 )tep 2@ :e.$ ReBie/A "urpo.e@ +esk re,iew aims to re,iew program reports and secondary information from programs for the districts where 43A is to be conducted. This helps in better understanding the epidemic scenario in districtKdomain and other conte6tual information that can aid in planning $))3 field implementation and in data triangulation after completion of $))3. :e.#ription@ +esk re,iew will be the first acti,ity that 43A team members will be in,ol,ed in8 prior to 43A field ,isit. (e,iew of secondary data can be a producti,e e6ercise for field teams for collecting information that helps in better understanding of the districtKdomain and identification of gaps in information about the districtKdomain. +ifferent types of information and secondary data may be a,ailable for districtsKdomains8 including reports of studies or program implementation8 sur,ey reports or scientific publications8 and program implementing partner reportsKplans from districtsKdomains of interest. +esk re,iew will constitute two broad areasD re,iew of program data and reports and re,iew of other published literature. "ro2ra %ata reBie/D The key pro5ect documents that 43A team members are to re,iew includeD Annual action plans 9latest 3tate Action 4lan and8 where a,ailable8 +istrict Action 4lan for the identified districts: Triangulation reportsKdistrict epidemiological profiles 4roposals de,eloped ?eeds assessments or )33 reports (ecent '$3 or pro5ect reports

3#

The 43A team will re,iew the documents to pull out information that will help them to triangulate8 confirm andKor fill the gaps in information about the districtKdomain. $nformationKdata for the following will be summari1ed during desk re,iewD epidemiological information8 details on geographic locations and co,erage of T$s8 information about T$s and stakeholders8 conte6tual and logistical information. A list of information that can be collected during desk re,iew is pro,ided in the ")0 :e.$ ReBie/ 3he#$li.t. $nformation that can be obtained from different program documentsD $nformation on si1e and ser,ice uptake8 T$ related information8 program co,erage and epidemiological information on the district can be compiled from state or district le,el action plans. Triangulation reports may be dated but can pro,ide useful data on si1e estimates of <(%s8 and migrantAs data on epidemic8 and <(% related and migrants beha,iours. +ata on si1e estimates of <(%s and migrants and ser,ice uptake will also be a,ailable in district epidemiological profiles. +ata on new T$s in a district may be collected from proposals that were submitted to T$s by 3A"3. $nformation on typology8 beha,ioural data8 and other data on <(%s and migrants will be a,ailable from needs assessment or )33 reports. '$3 reports from program data can pro,ide recent information on program co,erage and ser,ice uptake. 9iterature reBie/D 43A teams may also do a literature re,iew using %oogle 3cholar8 'C+7$?C8 4ub 'ed8 or "ochrane 7ibrary. This may be done8 in consultation with state teams8 for districtsKdomains where such information is a,ailable. ;ey words such as districtKstate name8 <$JKA$+38 and key population groups 923-8 '3'8 $+I8 'igrants: can be used to search for any published reports or scientific publications for the state or
3&

district of interest. These can be summari1ed in the following format as part of 43A report.

"ro#e.. of %e.$ reBie/ an% preparation for fiel% Bi.it@ 43A team is to conduct the desk re,iew by spending two days at state headFuarters 9at 3A"3: or at a district8 prior to starting any fieldwork in the respecti,e state. At this time8 the 43A team should ideally summari1e a,ailable details for all the domainsKdistricts in the state 9for the respecti,e <(%sK 'igrants: where 43A is to be conducted8 take stock of the key documents that are yet to be collected8 and discuss in detail the information described abo,e with the 3A"3 nodal person. ?ames and list of indi,iduals 9for key informant inter,iews: and organi1ations that are to be met with during the 43A field ,isit can be collected at this time. 2or 'igrants8 information on ?%0 working among migrants 9other than those who are implementing migrants T$s:8 any institution 9e.g. T$338 "+38 4("s:8 district census officers8 district labour officers should be collected before going to the district. o A stakeholder consultation with these ;$s should be planned in ad,ance with the help of 3A"3 or local migrant T$. The designated 3A"3 nodal officer can help the 43A teams in organi1ing and coordinating discussions with ?%0s and community members during the 43A team ,isit. 'eeting and discussion with 'LC officers 9or other appropriate persons who ha,e access to data: can be done to collect all epidemiological
3G

profile information and general and conte6tual information about the district9s:. Euantitati,e information 9in 3A"3 and T$ summary sheets: will be triangulated with information from program document re,iew and discussions with key officersK'LC personnel. (e,iew of the information in ")0@ Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet is to be done. $f all the information in this format has been filled8 the re,iew should then focus on confirming the numbersKinformation 9through a discussion:. $f there are any discrepancies between the information filled and what is pro,ided at the time of the ,isit8 these should be detailed out along with reasons and 5ustification for the discrepancies. $f there are any information gaps in the format8 these can be discussed with the 3A"3KT3I officers and filled in as reFuired. $f after discussions the 43A team finds that gaps cannot be filled or further clarifications are needed8 they can then try to consult with 3A"3 officers to identify the best sources of information and plan for discussions with them. 'ther 1ualitatiBe %ata on <(%s and migrants or inter,entions may be collated as listed abo,e8 based on desk re,iew. This information can then be confirmed during field ,isit to districts. $f the reFuired data is not a,ailable in pro5ect documents or secondary sources8 the 43A team will plan to collect the necessary information during the field ,isit. 4rior to their field ,isit to districts8 43A teams should ha,e completed the following for each domainD (e,iew of 43A Mappin2 an% TI Infor ation )heet for completeness and discussions on discrepancies with state le,el stakeholders
3*

 (e,iew of program documents to get an o,er,iew of the district scenario and issues o "onte6tual information on the district o +istrict epidemiological profile o 7isting of blocks and towns in the district with <(%s and migrants8 and hand drawn maps of the same o $nter,ention and program data on co,erage of <(%s and migrants $dentification of key informants 9si6 to eight: who are to be inter,iewed during field ,isits and listing of domain le,el stakeholders who ha,e to be met with during 43A fieldwork $dentification of T$s8 community based organi1ations 9")0s:8 migrant associations and community leaders or other community members who are to be met with during the field ,isit "ollection of logistical information for the domain 4lanning for logistics of field ,isit to districts :o ain. /ith ultiple %i.tri#t.@ $n such domains8 stakeholders from a homogenous group of districts need to be brought together in one place@ in some situations 43A teams may ha,e to tra,el to two or more districts in the domain. <omogeneity of districts can be based on typology of <(%8 socio cultural patterns8 socio economic conditions or other ob5ecti,e factors arri,ed at in consultation with 3A"3 and local teams. 4rior to 43A field ,isit8 these issues must be discussed with 3A"3 nodal persons and consultations held with local stakeholders. The different district teams that are to be met with together will be decided and organi1ed accordingly. $f the domain contains different types of districts8 the 43A team should plan to meet the district teams separately.
3.

 $f the domain contains ,ery different districts8 field ,isits may be made to these districts to meet with stakeholders. The decision is to be made in consultation with state 3A"3 nodal person and regional and state institute super,isors.

273 >I&9: ="R< >'R "RIM0RH :0T0 3'99&3TI'(@ "urpo.e@ The primary aim of the 43A field ,isit is to collect primary dataKinformation on <(%s and migrants in a districtKdomain8 ,alidate secondary data8 and engage with district le,el stakeholders to assess feasibility of $))3 in the district. :e.#ription@ 43A field ,isits are a crucial step in preparation for $))3. The 43A team members will plan for a four or fi,e day ,isit per domain. 4rior to their field ,isit8 the 43A teams need to establish contact with the designated nodal 3A"3 officer. At this time they will finali1e dates for the 43A field ,isit. This process will be facilitated through regional institutes in coordination with the national $))3 core teamKworking group members. Role. an% Re.pon.i!ilitie. of ")0 >iel% Tea Me !er.@ The following are the key responsibilities of 43A field team members during primary data collectionD )uild rapport with local district le,el stakeholders $nform local stakeholders about $))3 and the 43A process "ollect all rele,ant information and document in prescribed formats "onduct group discussions and key informant inter,iews with consent8 in a non 5udgmental manner Take notes and fill out the 43A formats in pen during inter,iews Cnsure that all of the collected information remains confidential "ollect any logistical information for planning $n,ol,e local 3A"3 nodal persons in areas where there are problems
!/

 (eport to super,isors and regional institute contact persons "omplete the 43A report and all transcripts 2or districts where the team has not been able to collect data through steps 1 and 28 the ")0 tea .houl% !e2in !y #olle#tin2 the re1ui.ite infor ation in %ata for at. pre.#ri!e% in the preBiou. .e#tion . A primary list of key informant sources and groups to be met with during 43A will include but not be limited to the followingD "ro2ra AleBel repre.entatiBe. 6T)* an% :0"3*8 at the district le,el can pro,ide an o,er,iew and conte6t of the district scenario8 key facts about the inter,ention8 history of programs8 geographic co,erage8 and gaps in programs etc. in the district. TI (-'. an% i ple entin2 partner repre.entatiBe. 8 including program managers and non <(% outreach workers8 are stakeholders who can pro,ide information about the T$8 characteristics of the population8 community le,el issues8 and inter,ention programs and their co,erage. 3o unityAleBel .ta$ehol%er. for +R-.8 including <(% peer educators8 ")0s8 people li,ing with <$J 947<$J: groups8 are representati,es who can also pro,ide good information about characteristics of <(%s and community le,els <(% issues. Additionally8 they would also be able to complement information8 from the community perspecti,e8 about inter,ention programs for <(%s in the district. 3o unity leBel .ta$ehol%er. for Mi2rant.4 including ,oluntary peer leaders8 employers8 contractors8 senior community members and migrant associations 9cultural8 religious8 community8 trade related etc.: will be able to pro,ide community specific information on population characteristics8 migration pattern8 li,ing and working conditions etc. 'eetings may also be held with potential 2ate$eeper. of the #o unity8 whose permission8 formal or informal8 is needed to gain access and achie,e cooperation for the study. Cncouraging and
!1

fostering the in,ol,ement of these gatekeepers from the planning stages will increase the communityAs sense of ownership in the study. 'ther $ey infor ant. may also be included and met with for collecting information. These include district le,el administrationKofficers8 law enforcement personnel8 local opinion leaders and gatekeepers and other e6perts on <(% issues. These informants can pro,ide conte6tual information about the district scenario and issues 9law enforcement issues8 ser,ices to <(%s etc.: that affect <(% mo,ement8 patterns of beha,iour and other challenges. These can help identify or locate <(%s and promote better understanding of the hurdles that programs face in the district. 0ther ;$s for 'igrants may include non <$J ?%0 working among migrants8 academic or research institutionsKorgani1ation working on migration issues8 district census officer8 district labour officer

27D Metho%. of "ri ary :ata 3olle#tion@ Two methods that were primarily used during the 43A field ,isit for collecting information from different le,els of stakeholders. These areD 9i: group discussions and 9ii: key informant inter,iews 9;$$:.

The e..ential .tep. to !e i ple ente% here includeD 1: %roup discussion 9with heterogeneous group: of secondary key informants such as 0(-s8 counsellors 9T$K $"T"K A(TK 3T$:8 ?N;Kyouth clubs [$+Is]: 2: ;ey informant inter,iews8 about si6 to eight per domain8 with +A4"I nodal officer8 T3I 408 T$ program managers 9all T$s:8 community leaders 9two non T$:@ one or two community leaders from non T$ areas@ brokerKpimpKmadam 9only when recommended:@ one or two key
!2

informants from other districts 9only when recommended for multiple district domains: 3: %roup discussion 9homogenous group of <(%s and migrants: T two discussions ma6imum 9with most dominant typologies: 2 discussion with each ma5or migrant category at each ma5or migrant cluster 9residentialKemployment site: !: 0ptional meeting for consensus 9for gapsKdiscrepancies: 275 -roup :i.#u..ion 6=ith +etero2eneou. -roup.8 "urpo.eD "onducting discussions with different 9heterogeneous: groups of district stakeholders8 through a process of facilitation and discussion with participants8 helps in collecting broad le,el Fualitati,e information about <(%s and migrants and the district scenario. :e.#ription@ This method is best used for bringing together local stakeholdersKgroups that are working with <(%s and migrants in the domain and ha,e different le,els of e6perience and understanding of issues. $t helps to collect information about the district and community issues8 while building consensus among participants through discussions. )ta$ehol%er. to !e in#lu%e% in 2roup %i.#u..ion D This method will be used to bring together secondary le,el key informants 9in relation to communityK<(%: such as 0(-s and counsellors who work in T$s8 $"T"8 A(T and 3T$ clinics in the district. 0ther stakeholders8 such as brokers8 pimps and madams or employers8 contractors8 labour agents other ?%0s in case of migrants8 may also be included if found appropriate or feasible8 based on the situation in the district. These meetings are to be conducted separately for each typology in the districtD 23-8 '3'8 $+I8 and migrants. 2urther8 based on consultations with 3A"3 and local stakeholders8 these meetings can be conducted
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5ointly or separately for key informants in composite domain districts8 depending on logistics and other constraints.

Ising the list of theme areas and guidelines8 the 43A team members will ha,e to ensure that comprehensi,e information is collected for the respecti,e domains and <(%sK migrants. -hile getting a broad picture of the domain8 the discussion should also focus on the areas where there are significant gaps in information8 identified as important during desk re,iew or by key informants. -ui%eline. for 3on%u#tin2 -roup :i.#u..ion an% :o#u entation@ "ollect consent from participants The discussionsKproceeding must be recorded 9using a digital recorder:. The participants must be informed about the recording. +etailed documentation needs to done during the discussion. The recordings may be used to fill any gaps as needed. 4rior to holding discussions8 the 43A team members may discuss with the 3A"38 T3I8 +A4"I officers and ascertain their ,iews about the indi,iduals who are most knowledgeable and well informed for participation in these discussions. The facilitated discussion on each of the topics in )o6 1 must collect information in a comprehensi,e manner. The 43A Fualitati,e Tool pro,ides probing Fuestions under each topic@ the 43A team should not8 howe,er8 limit itself to these and should probe and ask additional Fuestions based on the intent of theme areas and responses8 ensuring that appropriate and reFuired responses are captured. $t is important that the 43A team collect information for which there is both agreement and disagreement during discussions. $f the information collected during field ,isits is in any way contrary 9not consistent with: to that gathered from desk re,iewKsecondary
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information8 it should be inFuired about during discussions or brought up discreetly with the concerned official or most knowledgeable respondents. "onflicts may arise during discussion8 gi,en the disagreements and sensiti,e relationships between participants. These conflicts should be handled with care. $n such instances8 it is best to take the help of 3A"3 or district officers to resol,eKdi,ert from these. $ssues or topics that create such challenges should not be dwelt upon@ the facilitator must use skill to ,eer the discussion to the ne6t topic or issue. %oodKprofessional 5udgment must be used by both facilitator and documentation team during %+s. The final detailsKFualitati,e information collected should pro,ide a complete picture of the themes and guides along with and be well informed with 5ustifications. 43A team members need to ha,e positi,e and constructi,e interactions with the ?%0s and T$ partners they meet. 3ince the 43A is only the first step for $))38 and additional cooperation and support from these ?%0s and indi,iduals would be reFuired during future phases 9sampling frame de,elopment and sur,ey implementation: of $))38 care should be taken to build rapport and elicit cooperation.

276 <ey Infor ant InterBie/.@ "urpo.e@ ;ey informant inter,iews systematically collect information from ,arious stakeholders8 who are selected on the basis of their e6perience and knowledge in working on <(% and migrant issues in the district. This method seeks to collect Fualitati,e information about <(%s and migrant and the district scenario8 enabling an initial assessment and initiating engagement with key stakeholders. :e.#ription@ ;$$s will be used to collect information from program representati,es 93A"38 T3I8 +A4"I: as a first step during the 43A field ,isit. These inter,iews will be conducted as the second step for data
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collection in the district and8 if reFuired8 again at the end of the field ,isit8 after meeting with all stakeholders8 to clarify any gaps in information. A minimum of si6 to eight ;$$s for <(%s and twenty to thirty for 'igrants will be conducted in each domain and include different types of stakeholdersD 4rogram representati,es such as +A4"I officer and T3I 408 where a,ailable T$ representati,es T all T$ program managers8 coordinators or non community outreach workers "ommunity 9<(%: leaders 0fficials of ?%0s and research organi1ation working on migration8 census and labour officials8 employers8 contractors8 members of the community associations8 community leaders for 'igrants At the time of meeting with state 3A"3 nodal person and district officials8 the 43A team will plan for identifying the persons to be inter,iewed during the ,isit8 working in consultation with 3A"3KT3I members. The main criteria for selection of key informants includeD 7ocal stakeholders C6perience of working in the district for a minimum of two years on <(% and migrant issues $dentified as ha,ing sound knowledge of <(% and migrant issues in the domain 2or community leaders8 those representing different regions 9geographic areas: of the district 2or migrants8 also consider different categories of migrants 9e.g. construction8 mines8 Fuarry8 agriculture8 tea plantation8 port workers8 factory workers: in the districts <II in.tru ent@ The ;$$ tool 9data collection format: includes list of Fuestions under the thematic topics pro,ided in )o6 1. The themes and
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Fuestion areas to be co,ered for each <(%K migrant group are indicated. The ;$$ format pro,ides detailed guidance on the probing Fuestions that are to be asked under each thematic area. -ui%eline. for 3on%u#tin2 <II.@ ;$$ inter,iews must be conducted face to face with one person at a time in a comfortable8 pri,ate setting. (espondents must be informed that the inter,iew can take up to one hour@ it is important to ha,e an uninterrupted time for the inter,iew. $t is recommended that two 43A members conduct the ;$$D one member asks the Fuestions8 the other takes note of responses. The inter,iews must also be tape recorded8 to fill any gaps at the end of the day. The same two members should conduct all ;$$s for the districtKdomain8 so that knowledge and e6perience in framing Fuestions is built o,er time. -ritten informed consent must be taken for each ;$$ 9consent form: "onfidentiality is an important factor during ;$$s. All respondents must be assured that the information pro,ided will remain confidential and not be attributed to any particular indi,idual. 43A team members need to carefully plan and prepare for conducting ;$$s. The first step in,ol,es re,iewing the information that is to be collected during inter,iews and becoming familiar with the topics listed and the Fuestions in ;$$ format. -hile a set of draft Fuestions ha,e been pro,ided under each theme8 43A team members can break these down to smaller Fuestions8 rephrase8 or add prompts 9additional Fuestions: to help the respondents think more about what they know. $t is important that the Fuestions are understood and sufficient details and 5ustificationsKreasons captured from responses. The skills important in an inter,iewer areD capacity to listen well8 good memory8 high comfort le,el for discussion8 attention to detail and strong
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communication skills. Ability to write while listening and taking accurate notes are also important skills to ha,e in the 43A team member who will conduct the ;$$. 3ufficient time must be gi,en to respondents to think and answer the Fuestions during inter,iew. +e,iation from the order of FuestionsD Though the Fuestions ha,e been seFuenced in a list8 the inter,iewer can de,iate from the order as needed during the inter,iew. $t is possible that respondents start answering Fuestions for other themesKFuestions on the list8 without being specifically asked to. The inter,iewer should go with the flow of the discussion and document for the appropriate Fuestions. o <owe,er8 the inter,iewer should ensure that all themes and guides are co,ered during the ;$$. Allow respondents to e6pressD (espondents may talk about other sub5ectsKthemes not included@ it is best to let them talk and tell their SstoryA and e6periences for a reasonable length of time8 where after the inter,iewer must ,eer them back to rele,ant Fuestions. 3ome respondents may be reluctant to answer or be uncertain about responding to some Fuestions. $n such situations8 the inter,iewer can use prompting Fuestions to clarify8 so that the respondent can think about hisKher knowledge and understanding of the topic. The ;$$s can pro,ide information that would gi,e access to other stakeholders. <ence8 besides the data from inter,iews8 key contacts of stakeholders in the district may also be collected. The respondents must be thanked at the end of the inter,iew8 and the inter,iewer can reiterate how the information will be useful for $))3. The respondents must be informed that one may get back in touch with them at a later time8 as the $))3 work mo,es forward and further details are needed.

<II (ote. an% )u ariIin2@ The information collected during ;$$ will be filled in 43A Fualitati,e format for 23-8 '3'8 $+I and migrants. $t is
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important to de,elop good notes after each ;$$ to document the content of the inter,iew. -hen a two person team conducts the inter,iew8 there is ad,antage in that one takes notes while the other keeps the inter,iew flowing. ?otes should be summari1ed at the end of each day 9when ;$$ is conducted: and no later than 2! hours after an inter,iew. This ensures that the memory of the inter,iew is fresh and all rele,ant information is comprehensi,ely compiled. 27C InterBie/ /ith +o o2eneou. -roup.@ "urpo.e@ %roup discussion is the method of choice to bring together homogenous groups8 based on their background and e6perience8 to discuss focusedKspecific topics to collect detailed information. The participants are guided by a facilitator8 who introduces the topics for discussion8 helps the group to participate8 and facilitates natural discussion among participants. This is the preferred method for discussion with <(%K migrant community members during 43A. The format would help to consolidate and clarify the understanding about <(%K migrant characteristics in the district8 <(%Kmigrant le,el community issues8 and other conte6tual factors that affect <(% mo,ement and practices. The key ob5ecti,es of holding group discussions with community members are toD $nform community members about $))38 the 43A process8 the other acti,ities to follow8 and the communityAs role in these. The intent here should be to Ssensiti1eA the community to secure cooperation for $))3. "ollect information to triangulate some of the Fuestions in 43A Fualitati,e format about <(%s $dentify potential list of persons 9acti,e community members and key community leaders: who can be on "A) and "') during $))3 :e.#ription@ 43A teams will plan to conduct two to three group discussions during the field ,isit. The list of potential participants for group
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discussions 9%+s: will be discussed with the district le,el program and T$ 9program officer T$ and +4': representati,es. Cach group discussion can be conducted with a ma6imum of 1/ community members. $t is important to keep homogenous members to ma6imi1e the comfort of participants in acti,e engagement and disclosure during the %+. T$ or community 9key population: representati,es will primarily nominate participants for group discussions. 3riteria for no inatin2 -: parti#ipant.@ (epresentation of <(%s by different typologies and of migrants by different categories Age of <(%sK'igrants 9try to ensure a good representation from all age groups8 e6cept for migrants where discussions can be conducted separately for older and younger migrants: "o,erage of different geographic regions 9T$ co,ered and non co,ered areas: ;ey <(% opinion leaders who are well known (epresentation of <(% community based groups )ased on the a,ailable listing8 43A team should constitute groups for different discussions. The 43A team will take the help of T$ representati,es or community stakeholders to inform <(% community members and in,ite them for discussions. These group discussions with community le,el stakeholders should be conducted with great sensiti,ity. The discussions need to be planned with the support of district officers and local T$ or key community members8 who must be briefed beforehand about the ob5ecti,es of these discussions. 'embersKrepresentati,es of 3A"3 and T$s may be present as obser,ers8 if reFuired. 4articipation in %+s should be ,oluntary. Although written consent is preferred8 but if it not possible then ,erbal consent may be taken and recorded. Topi#. of :i.#u..ion %urin2 -:.@
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The group discussion with the <(% community and migrants would use the same Fualitati,e toolKformat 9as detailed in )o6 1:. The information to be collected includes characteristics of <(%sK migrants8 conte6tual factors that affect <(% populations8 and community le,el issues. The following sets of information about the communities need to be documentedD 3pecific information about community stakeholders8 whose cooperation and in,ol,ement would be reFuired for $))3 and who may be part of community ad,isory or monitoring boards during $))3 -ho are the key gatekeepers 9pimps8 brokers8 madams8 lodge owners8 peddlers etc.: of the <(% community K 9employers8 key community members8 formal and informal community leaders8 members of the community associations: of the migrant community in the domainKdistrictU <ow can their cooperation be gained for $))3U Are members of the <(% community in the district well known to each otherU Are they networked with each otherU -ill they know other <(%s who also congregate or solicit in the hotspots they ,isitU "ollect information specifically as it applies to 23-s8 '3'KT% and $+Is in the district. 2or 'igrants8 especially to find out about whether the migrants mo,e through contractorsKlabour agents or through casteKkinship and whether they li,e and work in groups@ how migrants could be reachedU "onsultations with community stakeholders should pro,ide information about the concerns of the community. $nformation about typical emotional barriers and beliefs8 such as the fear of gi,ing blood8 ob5ections to finger prick samples8 mistrust of in,estigators8 and a general fear of harm from disclosure of information8 should be discussed.

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%uidance is pro,ided by the topicsKareas suggested in the 43A Fualitati,e format and guidelines. $n addition8 the following details about language must be collected during discussions with <(%s. I%entify the lan2ua2e. to !e u.e% in IBB)@ $nformation about localKcolloFuial terms 93ection ! of 43A format: must be collected during %+s with community members. 'ost <(%sK migrants ha,e different local terms for communicating about <(%Kmigrant related beha,iours or identifying different types of indi,iduals. 'eanings of words connoting se6ual beha,iours are subtle and need to be documented as per <(% K migrant community perceptions and use. The 43A team should list all the languages spoken by <(%s 9$+IK23-K'3'Kmigrants: in the identified domain. The team should include indi,iduals who speak local languages and can translate the wordsKterms. -hile a list of terms is pro,ided in 3ection ! of the 43A format8 additional important terms should be documented in Cnglish and the local language. 278 -ui%eline. for Mo%eratin2 -roup :i.#u..ion. /ith 3o Me !er.@ unity

The strength of a %+ lies in allowing the participants to agree or disagree with each other8 thereby offering an insight into how a group thinks about an issue8 the range of opinion and ideas8 and the inconsistencies and ,ariations that e6ists in a particular community in terms of beliefs and their e6periences and practices. The following points must be kept in mind while planning for and conducting %+sD 07 Buil%in2 rapport@ =)uilding rapport> means to establish a connection with the participants to facilitate comfortable and open communication. (apport is important to the facilitation process because it can dramatically influence the willingness of participants to answer Fuestions and determine how openly and honestly they answer the Fuestions they are asked.
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4articipants as e6pertsD 7et the participants know that you are there to learn from them@ this will establish a respectful appreciation for the ,aluable contributions they make. 2amiliarity with the community and sensiti,e topicsD The moderators must ha,e a basic awareness of sensiti,e issues so that no offence or insult is caused to participants. (ecogni1ing and appreciating participants for their time and contributionsD The participants must be thanked for their time8 participation and the ,aluable information they ha,e shared. B7 9i.tenin2 .$ill.@ %ood listening is the key to conducting group discussions that will result in collection of useful information. )eing a good listener means being an =interested> listener. This is done by demonstrating attention to what the participants are sharing8 staying neutral or impartial8 and practicing silence appropriately. 7isten carefully to participantsD Acti,e listening allows one to probe effecti,ely and at appropriate points during %+s8 including notice of body posture and facial gestures and cues to engage participants. $mportance of neutrality during the discussionD The moderators must remain as neutral or impartial as possible. $t helps to use phrases like =Than you! That is hel"ful.> 0ne must a,oid comments that can infer opinion and impose 5udgment on the participants. %ather honest informationD %ather information that is as honest as possible. $f participants sense 5udgment8 they may change their responses to socially desirable responses rather than reflect what they truly belie,e or feel about a topic. 3ilence encourages elaborationD Allowing silence at times encourages elaboration by participants because it gi,es them a chance to think about what they want to say. The participants must be allowed adeFuate time to share and process what has been shared.

37 *.in2 pro!e. an% a.$in2 #larifyin2 1ue.tion.@ 4robes and clarifying Fuestions are an important part of discussions and ha,e two main purposesD to help clarify what a respondent has said and to help get more
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detailed information on topics of interest. 4robes allow respondents to pro,ide more than 5ust one sentence answers to Fuestions. C6amples of probesD 3ome good e6amples of probes used to clarify what an group discussion respondent has said includeD =#lease tell me $more% a&out that'> =(ould you e)"lain what you mean &y'> =(an you tell me something else a&out'> 3ee things from their perspecti,eD Ising probes for clarification helps one gather good information while a,oiding assumptions. 4robes such as those abo,e help one see things from the perspecti,e of the persons in the group discussion. A,oid making assumptionsD "larifying Fuestions and probes T asking for clarification8 details8 and e6amples T gi,es the respondent clues as to how specific you would like hisKher answers to be. The opinions of respondents should not be assumed by the participants. %ood probing does not leadD $t is important to a,oid asking leading Fuestions that reflect oneAs own opinions or assumptions about a topic. A,oid asking leading FuestionsD An e6ample of a leading Fuestion is =Don*t you thin '> This type of Fuestioning may lead respondents to answer Fuestions according to what they think you e6pect to hear rather than how they really feel. The respondents may also want you to look at them in a fa,orable way8 matching your opinions rather than sharing what they truly belie,e or ha,e e6perienced.

:7 Ti e ana2e ent@ This is perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of conducting inter,iews. $t is important that the participants and the moderator agree upon the amount of time they will spend in the discussions and that this time will be managed appropriately so that all the topics can be co,ered. 'anage time during the discussions: $ndi,iduals like to talk about their e6periences and may ha,e a tendency to go on and on about them. The moderator must structure the discussion in a way that one can elicit a
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complete response to Fuestions8 probing insightfully so that one can get the le,el of reFuired detail to address the issues adeFuately. ;eep the inter,iews mo,ingD 4olitely mo,es the discussion forward when what the respondent is sharing is not ,ery useful to ones research FuestionsU Acknowledge that your time together is waning8 and there are some other aspects of their work and e6perience that you want to be sure you ha,e time to learn about and e6plore and8 for this reason8 you are going to mo,e on.

279 (ote Ta$in2 :urin2 -roup :i.#u..ion.@ 0ne 43A team member is assigned the task of taking notes throughout the %+. (esponses to topics can be noted under each topic or Fuestion in the 43A Fualitati,e format. Additional pages may be used as needed. ?ote taking during %+ is an art@ the note taker should not attempt to write in full sentences8 but seek to capture the key themes and essence of the discussion. ;ey points8 words and phrases can be written for each topic or Fuestion. All points must be documented when there are multiple ,ariations in responses8 and when the facilitator summari1es the discussions8 these need to be written down as well. There is no need to associate names with points8 but the ,iews of different types of members 9representati,es: should be indicated. The note taker must also obser,e and note down the body language and other cues during discussions.

2710 'ptional <IIJ-roup :i.#u..ion "urpo.e@ After conducting ,arious discussions and ;$$s8 it is likely that the 43A team may need to meet with some district le,el stakeholders8 either from program or community8 to clarify and consolidate some
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information. This would be reFuired if di,erging ,iews ha,e been e6pressed by different stakeholders or if 43A team members find that there is insufficient or incomplete information on some thematic areas. :e.#ription@ 43A team members may meet with indi,idual stakeholders or call for a 5oint meeting with the reFuired members 9as deemed necessary by the 43A in,estigator:. At this time8 they would inform the participants about the information that has been collected and discuss any gaps or issues that need clarification. $n the case of di,ergent ,iews on important areas 9for e6ample8 on geographic dispersion and ,isibility of <(%s:8 the 43A in,estigators must aim to build consensus and agreement between different stakeholders8 so that the final information documented is accurate and reliable.

3+0"T&R 3 R&)*9T) 0(: >I(:I(-)

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The Re.ult. an% the >in%in2. fro thi. "R'5&3T #oul% not !e %i.#lo.e% a. of the 3onfi%entiality for that /a. .i2ne% !y all the e !er. !e#au.e thi. ay threaten the exi.ten#e of the +R- 6+i2h Ri.$ -roup.8J I:*. 6In,e#tin2 :ru2 *.er.87 $t is estimated that more than ./V of <$J transmission in $ndia is related to unprotected se6ual intercourse or sharing of in5ecting eFuipment between an infected and an uninfected indi,idual. ?ot e,eryone in the population has the same risk of acFuiring or transmitting <$J. 'uch of the <$J transmission in $ndia occurs within groups or networks of indi,iduals who ha,e higher le,els of risk due to a higher number of se6ual partners or the sharing of in5ection drug eFuipment. These #ore hi2h ri.$ 2roup. 9<(%s: of indi,iduals who are most at risk includeD 2emale se6 workers 923-s: <igh risk men who ha,e se6 with men 9'3':8 and transgender 9T%s: $n5ecting drug users 9$+Is:

My "ro,e#t areaA In,e#tin2 :ru2 *.er. 6I:*.8 $+Is are a <(% for which targeted inter,entions are of critical importance. <$J is highly transmissible through the sharing of needles and other in5ection eFuipment8 so it can spread ,ery rapidly within networks of $+Is who share in5ecting eFuipment with each other. 0nce <$J pre,alence is high in the $+I population8 it can e6pand Fuickly into their se6ual networks. 3ome $+Is are also se6 workers8 which can Fuickly link <$J transmission in the $+I networks to transmission in the larger high risk se6ual networks. $t is important to recogni1e that8 like se6ual transmission of <$J8 <$J is essentially pre,entable among $+Is and their se6 partners too. $nter,entions that are implemented early 9<$J pre,alence W#V among $+Is: are most effecti,e in halting the spread of
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the <$J epidemic among $+Is. <$J inter,entions targeting the ma5ority of $+Is can stabili1e and e,en re,erse the escalating <$J epidemic among them. <$J positi,e $+Is recei,ing opload substitution treatment 903T: not only helps them to a,oid in5ecting but also to adhere to antiretro,iral treatment 9A(T: as well as other treatments. In .u ary4 the +IE tran. i..ion %yna i#. in In%ia are .u#h that unle.. effe#tiBe tar2ete% +IE preBention .aturate. the o.t at ri.$ +R-. of >)=.4 M)MJT-. an% I:*.4 the epi%e i# /ill not !e #ontrolle%7 )ut the positi,e implication of this is that if <$J pre,ention is successful in these <(%s8 the epidemic will be substantially curtailed.

Typolo2ie. of In,e#tin2 :ru2 *.er. 6I:*.8 $+Is are not in5ectors at all times in their in5ecting lifespan. They may in5ect8 and then fall back into non in5ecting 9e.g. oral: drug use8 or abstinence8 and then return to in5ecting. Thus $+Is are defined as those who used any drugs through in5ecting routes in the last three months. $n addition to addressing $+Is8 $+I programmes should ensure that they also address the regular se6ual partners of $+Is8 as many of them are likely to be infected8 and some of them may be $+Is too. $t is eFually important to remember that some $+Is might be se6 workers or '3'8 and some of them are also female. )erBi#e. 4romotion of condoms8 linkages to 3T$ 9se6ually transmitted infection: ser,ices and health ser,ices with a strong referral and follow up system. 4romotionKdistribution of free condoms and other commodities 9e.g. lubricants for '3'8 needlesK syringes for $+Is:
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 4ro,ision of basic 3T$ and health ser,ices 9including abscess management and oral substitution therapy for $+Is and also oralKanal 3T$ ser,ices for '3'KT%s: 7inkages to other health ser,ices 9e.g. for T): and ,oluntary counseling and testing centers 9J"T": 4ro,ision of safe spaces 9dropincentres or +$"s:

Gue.tionnaire %urin2

y "ro,e#tA

")0 :ata 3olle#tion Tool@ I%entifi#ation )heet 3. ?oD %roup D 23'3' $+I 'igrant s 'ethod 3takeholder %roup +iscussion 9%+3: "ommunity %roup discussion 9%+": ;ey $nformant $nter,iews 9;$$:

?ame of the 3tate 1. 3tateXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX code XXXXXXXXX ?ame of the +omain 2. +omainXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX "ode XXXXXXXXX 3ingle district 0r a. domain "omposite district domain b.
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$f compositeD ?ames of all districtsXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

3. ?ame of +istrict for this 43A 9for which format is being filled:XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX !. Jillage or town nameXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX

4lace of interaction XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 90fficeK<ouseKsolicitation pointKdrug selling pointKcruising site: &. +ate of 43A 9++K''KNNNN: K K #. ?umber of participants Time of starting the interaction 9<<D *. '': A' K 4' G. .. ?umber of respondents and their basic informationXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX +uratio Ag 3e n in 4osition 9title: e 6 positio n 2rom T$ area

?ame ($ (2 (1 (! (# (& (G (* (.

&/

YYcontact numberKs for future help only if the respondentKs isKare willing to pro,ide maybe collected in attendance sheet

1 (esearchersD ?ames L 3ignature / a: 9b: 9c: .. 1 Time of ending the interaction 9<<D A' K 4' 1. '':

&1

")0 :ata 3olle#tion Tool@ The e. an% -ui%e. for I:* )e#tion@ I:*@ "R03TI3& R&90T&: I(>'RM0TI'( )e#tion 91D a. "an you tell us about $+Is in your district 9Tell us the story: 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer )e#tion 92D 'ale ,ersus 2emale 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer )e#tion 92D 3ubstances Ised 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D (egular 4artners and relationship stability 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D ?etworking among $+Is
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'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 91@ !. "an you tell us what types of places where $+Is congregate 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer )e#tion 92DTypes of places of congregation 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D <idden $+Is 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ c. 4lease tell about the situations under which $+I mo,e to different places. Also document list of places 9districts and states: where $+I tra,el to most or from where $+I come to this district: 'D 3ample Fuestion
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(D 3ample answer )e#tion 92D Access to substances 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D $n5ection practice related 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D 3easonal patterns 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D 'arket forcesU 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 91@ d. Any other information collected 'D 3ample Fuestion

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(D 3ample answer

&#

)e#tion@ I:*@ -&'-R0"+I3 9'30TI'() )e#tion 91@ a. "an you tell us about the places where we can meet $+I in the district +ocument list of )road )locksK townsD 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer )e#tion 92D (ural areas 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D T$ co,ered blocksK towns 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D ?on T$ co,ered towns 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer

&&

)e#tion 91@ b. <a,e new places 9towns: come up where $+I are found in the last one yearU 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 91D c. <ow did you come to know about themU 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 91D d. -ho can help us to get to some $+I in these placesU )e#tion 92@ The newly identified places 9towns: 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ ?on T$ co,ered areas 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ 7ist of persons8 position8 why
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'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 91@ e. Any other information collected 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer

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)e#tion@ I:*@ +'T)"'T) 0(: (&I-+B'RI(:I)TRI3T) )e#tion 91D a. 4lease tell us about the situations under which the places where $+I congregate8 changeD 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer )e#tion 92D4olice related factors 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D 3easonal ,ariations 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92DAccess to substances 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D $n5ection practices 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 91@ (&I-+B'RI(- :I)TRI3T) )e#tion 91@ b. "an you please tell us the scenario of $+I presence in the neighboring districtsD
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9to be detailed for each district for composite domains: )e#tion 92@ ?ame of district 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ "ontactD T$ or non T$. 9$f T$s are not present in bordering districts8 collect information on contacts in the ?eighbouring districts: 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92@<ow did you know 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ "ultural characteristics 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92@C6tent of presence of $+I 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@Jisibility and places of congregation 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 91@ c. Any other information collected 'D 3ample Fuestion
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(D 3ample answer

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)e#tion@ I:*@ "&'"9& +0EI(- I(>9*&(3& K "&'"9& =+' 3'*9: +&9" )e#tion 91@ a. "an you tell us the persons who the $+I community considers as a leader 9formal or informal:8 who can help us to get their cooperation. 9$ncludes those who are access facilitators and hindrances8 including members of Nouth K other groups and their contact details: )e#tion 92D ?ame 'D3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92D 4osition 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D -hy 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer
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)e#tion 92D "ontact details 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ b. -ho else could of help for us to be able to interact with such persons 9who ha,e access to $+IU: )e#tion 92D contact names 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D contact places 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D contact numbers 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer
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)e#tion. 91@ #. $n your opinion what is the best way of gaining access to people ha,ing influence on $+I 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ d. -hat are the other factors which can help to gain cooperation of $+IU )e#tion 92@ 2acilitators 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer )e#tion 92D <indrances 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ e. Any other information collected

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'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer

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)e#tion@ I:*@ )&REI3& an% )*RE&H R&90T&: )e#tion 91D a. -hat are places from where $+I can access helpKser,icesU 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ -hat ser,ices Z including general and <$J related 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ -ho are pro,iders of ser,ices 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 93@ ?ames of ?%0s 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 93@<ow community recogni1es them 'D 3ample Euestion
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(D 3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ b. <ow should we compensate $+I for their time if $+I are participating in future sur,eyU )e#tion 92@ 3uggestions 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer )e#tion 92@ (easons behind suggestion 'D 3ample Euestion (D 3ample Answer

)e#tion 91@ c. "an you please tell us about any other challenges likely to be faced8 related to conducting sur,ey in the district with $+IU 'D3ample Euestion (D3ample Answer

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)e#tion 91@ d. Any other information collected 'D 3ample Fuestion (D 3ample answer

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-ui%eline.@ I:* ")0 GualitatiBe >or at Instructions: The following is a guideline for collecting qualitative information about Injecting Drug sers !ID " in the domain of interest# It provides probing questions that can be used to collect broad level understanding about the $RG group and relevant conte%tual issues in the district# The format has a series of themes related to $RG& TI& surve' feasibilit' etc# for which qualitative information is to be collected# (ithin each theme suggested questions or probes are provided for collecting information on the theme# Investigators are to add) use additional prompts and probes as needed& based on the responses to get complete information about each theme# The order of as*ing questions can be changed& based on the how the interview is progressing and discretion of the investigator I+ certain questions or themes provided below are not applicable for an' domain& the' can be indicated as not applicable with e%planation in the format# Intro%u#tion@ 'y name is XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX and $ am working on a pro5ect with XXXXXXX 9(C3CA("< A%C?"N:8 XXXXXXXXXX 9($: and the ?ational A$+3 "ontrol 0rgani1ation 9?A"0: of $ndia. -e are presently collecting necessary information to help us prepare for conducting a sur,ey called the $ntegrated )eha,ioral and )iological 3ur,eillance 9$))3:8 which is part of the national

sur,eillance program8 to understand the risk of <$J among female se6 workers in XXXXXXXXXX 93TATC:. $ reFuest you to pro,ide us with some information related to this particular place. $n case there are any Fuestions that you donAt feel comfortable responding8 please let us know. Nou can also choose to not answer. )e#tion I@ "ra#ti#e Relate% Infor ation a7 0!out I:* >e ale I:*. Are there female oral or in5ecting drug users in the districtU According to you appro6imately how many such females maybe there for e,ery 1// drug usersU +o the 2+I K 2$+I part of the male $+I networksU +o they in5ect togetherU -hat other information is a,ailable about the 2+IK 2$+I in the districtU :ru2. 'ost common types of drugs that are in5ected $+Is 9<eroin8 "ocaine and other pharmaceuticals:U -here do $+Is most commonly get the drugs fromU <ow easy or difficult it is for $+Is in the district to get K access drugs districtU $s there any cross border 9between states and between countries: issues related to access to drugsU "artner. of I:*.
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 4artners of $+I A +o many $+I change their regular partners freFuentlyU and for what reasonsU +o the regular partners 9spouses or lo,ers: of $+Is also use drugs either in5ecting or non in5ecting8 as percei,ed by the ;$$ and 2%+ respondents (et/or$in2 a on2 I:*. -hat is the perception of the e6tent to which $+I in the district are networked or formed into social groups in the districtU -ho are the formal or informal leaders of $+I networks or social groups in the districtU !7 "la#e. of #on2re2ation -hat are the predominant places of congregation for in5ecting drugs among $+IsU $2 they are hidden8 what is the perception regarding the proportion of $+Is who are hiddenU And how can they be found K accessedU c. Mo!ility Are there seasonal ,ariations in the number of $+I in the districtU $f so8 during which months K season are there high and low attendanceU -hat are the main reasons for the ,ariationU 7aw enforcement in the district Ask about issues related to law enforcement in the district that affect the ,isibility and acti,ities of the $+IU o -hat type of problems do $+I face with law enforcement officialsU o <ow are the mo,ements 9,isibility: of $+I affected due to theseU o <ow are the beha,iours of $+I affected due to theseU
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 +o many men come from outside the district here for seeking se6 with $+I in the districtU $s there significant inter district or inter state mo,ement of $+I that may affect their presence in hotspotsU 7ist most common places 9names:8 within state or outside state where $+I in the district tra,el to most )e#tion II@ -eo2raphi# 9o#ation. a7 -eo2raphi# %i.per.ion in the %i.tri#t $s it understood well how dispersed are the $+Is in the districtU Ask about the ma5or townsKcities and small towns where $+Is can be found in8 in the domainK district as per the mappingU 9"ollect list of town names by blocks:. o "ollect the information on hotspots and the number of $+I by hotspots a,ailable by towns in urban and rural areasU 9"an be collected from 3A"3 and T$: Are there new locations in the district where $+I ha,e been identifiedU And how can they be found and accessedU -ho will ha,e information about these populationsU

)e#tion III@ +ot.pot. an% Bor%erin2 :i.tri#t. a7 +ot.pot. +o the places where $+I congregate 9hotspots: K in5ect keep changingU And if so what the main reasons for this changeU
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 Are there seasonal ,ariations in the number of $+I ,isiting these locationsU $f so8 during which months K season are there high and low attendanceU !7 Infor ation on nei2h!ourin2 %i.tri#t. 7ist the name of the borderingKneighbouring districts8 the e6tent of presence of $+IU 2or domains with multiple districts8 collect information about all districts in the domain8 and other districts which the respondents are aware of8 that ha,e geographic pro6imity and may be considered as part of the domain. 7ist out all the neighboring districts and collect details. 2or each of the districts listed abo,e ask the followingD Are the cultural characteristics and practices among $+I in these neighboring districts similar to this district 9typologies8 forms of solicitation8 clients8 nature of partners8 etc: )e#tion IE@ Tho.e /ho haBe influen#e a7 3o unity .ta$ehol%er. -ho are the key community members 9such as community leaders: whose cooperation needs to be solicited for any sur,ey acti,ities to be conducted successfully among the $+I groupsU -ho are the key gatekeepers of the $+I community in the domainK districtU <ow can their cooperation be gained to access the $+IU -hat the best mechanisms to gain the cooperation and support of the $+I community stakeholdersU "ollect list of potential "ommunity Ad,isory )oard members who can facilitate during $))3 9not 5ust community members8 but also district administrati,e
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officials8 go,ernment officials or others who should be in,ol,ed K part of "A): )e#tion E@ )erBi#e Relate% an% other a7 )erBi#e. -hat are the key ser,ices a,ailable to the $+I in the district Z as about general and <$J specific ser,ices -ho are the main pro,iders of the <$J specific ser,ices 9T$s: <ow does the community recogni1e the ser,ices of the T$ programs in the districtU That is how does the community recall the ser,ice pro,ision of a particular ?%0 or ")0U )y what nameU b. 3o pen.ation 9T$ and "ommunity leader Z ;$$ only: -hat would be the best way we compensate the $+I for the loss of time 9away from other acti,ities: related to the inter,iew during $))3 sur,eyU #7 3hallen2e. for fiel% /or$ Ask about their perceptions of the key challengesD 2or conducting sur,ey among $+I in the district -hat is likely le,el of cooperation that can be e6pected from $+I for participation in the sur,ey <ow can the cooperation be impro,edU -hat are the potential challenges that maybe faced while conducting such a sur,ey 9bio beha,ioral:8 anything that has not been discussed till nowU $dentify the top three challenges that are likely to be faced8 as percei,ed by respondents &n%in2@
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Thank you for your participants and responses as part of this pre sur,eillance assessment. $n the coming months8 we will be using this information you pro,ided in order to plan for the $))3 study. -e will keep you informed of the progress through the 3A"3 and T$ ?%0s in this location 9district:. -e hope to ha,e your cooperation in the future as well8 and you will be informed about this ahead of time. Than$ you

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BIB9I'-R0"+H ===7IMRBI(T73'M

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