IV. LABORATORY ANALYSIS A.

Complete Blood Count Components

Hemoglobin

Result
13 gm/dl

Normal Value
12-15 gm/dl

Significance
It is a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen It measures the percentage of the volume of whole blood that is made up of red blood cells. This measurement depends on the number of red blood cells and the size of red blood cells. It is the cells of the immune system that are involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials Act as the first line of host cellular defence against bacterial infection. These

Interpretation
Normal

Hematocrit

40 vol%

35-45 vol%

Normal

White Blood cell

11,600 cumm

5000-10,000 cumm

High

Neutrophils

68%

40-50%

High

Lymphocytes

32%

35-45%

neutrophils defends tissues outside the blood by killing their targets after sensing chemical gradients near them It is cells that specify the immune response of the body towards infectious microorganisms as well as other foreign substances. They form a major component of the body's immune mechanism.

Low

B. Blood Chemistry Components

HbA1c

Result
6.1%

Normal Value
4.0-6.4%

Significance
It shows the average level of blood sugar (glucose) over the previous 3 months. It shows how well patients are controlling his/her diabetes.

Interpretation
Normal

Components
Glucose

Result
151.0 mg/dl

Normal Value
70-105 mg/dl

Significance
Major source of energy for most cells of the body, including those in the brain A chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines. Purines are found in some foods and drinks. These include liver, anchovies, mackerel, dried beans and peas, and beer A fat in the blood that uses for energy It is a lipid (fat) which is produced by the liver and vital for normal body function

Interpretation
High

Uric Acid

3.9 mg/dl

2.6-7.2 mg/dl

Normal

Triglycerides Cholesterol

120.1 mg/dl 180.6 mg/dl

0-150 mg/dl 0-200 mg/dl

Normal Normal

Components
Creatinine

Result
0.7 mg/dl

Normal Value
0.7-1.5 mg/dl

Significance
It is a chemical waste molecule that is generated from muscle metabolism. Creatinine is produced from

Interpretation
Normal

ALT

50 U/L

9.0-72.0 U/L

ALKP

97 U/L

38.0-126.0 U/L

Amylase

106 U/L

30.0-110.0 U/L

creatine, a molecule of major importance for energy production in muscles. It measures the amount of this enzyme in the blood It measures the amount of the enzyme ALP in the blood. ALP is made mostly in the liver and in bone with some made in the intestines and kidneys The amount of this enzyme in a sample of blood taken from a vein or in a sample of urine. But if the pancreas or salivary glands become damaged or blocked, more amylase is usually released into the blood and urine. In the blood, amylase levels rise for only a

Normal

Normal

Normal

short time. In the urine, amylase may remain high for several days. C. Blood Typing

Components
Blood Type

Result
B Positive

Significance
Blood typing is a method to tell what specific type of blood you have. What type you have depends on whether or not there are certain proteins, called antigens, on your red blood cells.

D. Urinalysis Components
Color

Result
Yellow

Normal Value
Colorless to dark yellow

Significance
Glomerular filtrate of blood plasma is usually acidified by renal tubules and collecting ducts from a pH It determines the cause of turbidity Measures the level of acid in urine Measures urine density, or the ability of the kidney to concentrate or dilute

Interpretation Normal

Transparency Reaction Specific Gravity

Slightly turbid 7.0 1.010

Transparent or clear 5.5-7.5 1.002-1.035

Normal Normal Normal

Sugar

Negative

None

Albumin

Negative

None

Pus Cells

0-1/hpf

None or very few

RBC

0-1/hpf

None or very few

Epithelial Cells

++

None

the urine over that of plasma It detect the glucose in water which leads to diabetes Small plasma proteins filtered at the glomerulus are reabsorbed by the renal tubule. However, a small amount of filtered plasma proteins and protein secreted by the nephron can be found in normal urine. Pus in urine signifies that the body is fighting an infection in the lower or upper urinary tract. Measures the number of red blood cells in a urine sample It may suggest inflammation within the bladder, but they also may originate from the skin and could be contamination

Normal

Normal

Normal

Normal

Infection

Phosphates

++++

None

It needs by body to build and repair bones and teeth, help nerves function, and make muscles contract. It was filtered by kidneys help control the amount of phosphate in the body. Extra phosphate is filtered by the kidneys and passes out of the body in the urine. If there is not enough phosphate, less is found in the urine

Bacteria

Few

None or very few

It may be insignificant contaminants or important pathogens

It is associated with red blood cells (blood), bacteria or yeast then this indicates to some sort of infection, irritation or other problems.

Mucus Threads

None

Infection

E. Chest X-ray Both lung fields are clear Heart, aorta, pulmonary vascular markings are within the normal limits Diaphragm and sinuses are preserved Intact bony thorax

IMPRESSION:

Essential Normal Chest Findings

F. Ultrasound (UPPER ABDOMEN) The liver is normal in size and configuration with smooth contours. Parenchymal echogenicity is within normal limits. No focal mass lesions demonstrated. The intra and extra-hepatic ducts, including the common bile duct, are not dilated. The hepato-renal interface is clear. The gallbladder is physiologically distended showing normal in outline. It was not thickened. However, there is a 3.4

cm, hyper-intense echogenic structure with very strong posterior acoustic shadowing demonstrated within its lumen. The pancreas and spleen are not enlarged and show normal parenchymal echotexture. No focal mass lesions or abnormal calcifications demonstrated. Both kidneys are normal in size, shape and orientations. The right kidney measures 9.8 x 4.2 x 4.2 cm while the left kidney measures 0.3 x 5.0 x 5.6 cm. both kidneys show normal cortical thickness and intact central echo-complexes. Cortical echogenicity is within the normal limits, exhibiting good corticomedullary differentiation. No renal mass, cyst or evidence of hydronephrosis or lithasis formation seen. Both proximal ureters are not dilated. IMPRESSION: Cholecystolithiasis Normal Ultrasound of the liver,pancreas, spleen and kidneys Non-dilated biliary tree and proximal ureters.