Rural Management & Development Department Government of Sikkim

REDRH

Mason Training Booklet

Reconstruction of Earthqauke Damaged Rural Houses

MASTER MASON

CONTENT
? Introduction ? Aerial view of a room ? Site Selection ? Parts of the house ? Foundation ? Foundation footing (Chapri) ? Foundation pyramid ? Making rings ? Posts ? Plinth beam ? Roof beam ? Roof beam joint ? Making the slab

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

? Walls- brick laying ? Checking the quality of bricks ? Testing sand quality ? Curing of bricks and mortar ? Bricks laying ? Making the masala Mix ? Batching (Baan) ? Filling Concrete into Post ? Back Elevation ? Front Elevation ? Materals needed for one housel ? Stages progress

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

INTRODUCTION
The Reconstruction of Earthquake Damaged Rural Houses (REDRH) Project aims to reconstruct 7,972 rural houses fully or severely damaged during the 18th Sept, 2011 earthquake. Constructing these 7,972 houses which are scattered in the highest and steepest mountain terrain with existing manpower (who are already implementing ongoing programs) is a formidable task at hand. Also the unit cost of Rs 4.89 lakh per house is based on a standard unit cost. While construction is being undertaken in 2012-13, the estimate is based on SPWD SOR of 2006. While certain relaxations as a onetime dispensation are being explored, completing these houses without compromising on the design, construction quality, budgetary ceiling and time frame will need strong commitment, determination and team work. The capacity building of the masons constructing this house is critical, as the quality of the house will depend largely on their knowledge and expertise. Hence, in order to simplify the technical aspects of the house construction this illustrated Mason Training Booklet has been designed. It is hoped that the field engineers and masons will use this booklet as a ready reckoner for handy reference during house construction.

Namaste. My house got damaged during the 18th September, 2011 earthquake. But the government has helped me construct my new home along with 7972 others. Through this booklet, I will help you to construct this house in the correct manner step by step

MASTER MASON

AERIAL VIEW OF ROOMS

This is what it looks like from the inside. It has two bedrooms, kitchen and Dining Room and a bathroom

R ED

RH

SITE SELECTION
Preferably away from Jhoras and stream Not attached to the slope, Min 3 ft distence

3 ft

First, we need to select correct site for constructing our house

MASTER MASON

PARTS OF THE HOUSE

In this figure, I have shown the different parts of the house, and we will see how each one is made from the bottom Roof Beam Column (Post) Plinth Beam Plinth Beam Slab

Plinth Beam Plinth Beam The house is made of 9 posts, covering a total area of 605 sq. ft.

FOUNDATION

Next the foundation is the most important part of the house. You must dig minimum 6 ft height or more (till hard strata is reached) and 4ft x 4ft., depending on soil conditions.

RED RH

TER MAS N O MAS

6 ft 4 ft

4 ft

FOUNDATION FOOTING (CHAPRI)

Size of footing for foundation is 4 ft by 4 ft and the chapri must look as in this diagram

Foundation Mesh (Chhapri) 3 ft 10 x 3 ft 10

Size of Footing 4 ft

L of post rod 2 ft

R EDRH

Post size 12 by 12

Maintain 1.5" cover Post rod 4 Nos of 16 mm

7

Rod details - 12 mm dia, 8 Numbers on both ways

FOUNDATION PYRAMID

Ground Level

Cover 1.5"

This figure shows how the foundation should look like below the ground level.

8mm dia rings@ 6" c/c 6 ft more

RCC: 1:2:4

R ED

RH

6" 4" - 1:2:4 cc 6" stone soiling 4 ft

8

MAKING RINGS
This is how rings are made. Bend them as shown in figure, bending ends to 135 degree.

This is very important during earthquakes as it does not come loose causing posts to collapse Here's a picture of what happens when these are not followed. Phot of Post Wall

8mm dia

9 3

135 Bend

42 "

8mm dia

POSTS
16 mm dia

The Post has 4 main rods of 16 mm dia. The post should be 12by 12 , so the rings should be 9 by 9 with 1.5 of concrete cover

Remember again!! Gap between rings near joints should be 3. This will again help give strength to the house during earthquakes.

Also place rings parallely (with no tilt) with their open ends at alternate positions as shown in figure
10

PLINTH BEAM

The Plinth Beam has 4 main rods of 12 mm dia. The beam should be 12by 12 , so the rings should be 9 by 9 with 1.5 of concrete cover

8mm dia

12 mm dia

VERY IMPORTANT! Gap between rings near joints should be 3. This will again help give strength to the house during earthquakes

MASTER MASON

Also place rings parallely (with no tilt) with their open ends at alternate positions as shown in figure
11

ROOF BEAM
8 mm dia 9" x13" 12 mm dia

12"

16"
16 mm dia

1.5" Alternate Bend The Roof beam has 2 rod of 12 mm dia on the top and 3 main rod of 16 mm dia at the bottom . Beam including the slab should be 12 by 16 , so the rings should be made of 9 by 13" size
12

MASTER MASON

ROOF BEAM JOINT

16 mm dia

Beam will go inside the rod cage of the post

8 mm dia 9" x 9" Alternate Bend

15"x Box 15"

Short Piece 6 ft.- 12 mm dia 16 mm dia

Rotation

12"

12"
13

MAKING THE SLAB

The slab should be of 4 width, and should have a cantilever of 4 all around.

The main bars are of 10 mm dia placed at 8 c/c bothways. Alternate bars should be cranked as shown in figure.

Short piece
10 mm dia

MASTER MASON

10 mm 6 ft long on all 14

WALLS - BRICK LAYING

3 Slab thickness= 4 Roof Beam= 12

8 ft (Height)

Sill = 6 x 5

Sill level= 3 ft

Plinth = 12 x 6"

MASTER MASON

Our house should also have a window sill band at a height of 3 ft from the plinth, as shown in yellow colour. This is important to tie the house together and make it stronger

15

CHECKING THE QUALITY OF BRICKS

Using good quality material is very important during house construction. Here is how we can check the quality of bricks

REDRH

MASTER MASON

16

REDRH

Here is how we can check the quality of SAND. Pour sand in glass of water and let it settle. More mud means sand is not good quality.

CHECKING SAND QUALITY

MASTER MASON

17

CURING OF BRICKS AND MORTAR

DAY

Bricks must be soaked prior to their use. Minimum 24 hours

Use bricks by keeping the logo facing up

28
DAYS
18

BRICKS LAYING

The laying of bricks should not exceed more than 3 ft height in a day

Masala mix 1:4 (cement: sand)

HRD E R

SAND CEMENT
MASTER MASON

SAND

SAND

SAND

3 ft.

19

MAKING THE MASALA MIX

CEMENT

1
SAND SAND

SAND

GITI GITI

GITI GITI

First mix giti and sand

MASTER MASON

2
CEMENT

Then add cement to the mixture. Mix well.

GITI GITI

GITI GITI

3
32 lit.
20

Lastly add water.

This figure shows the masala mix for posts and beams.

BATCHING (BAAN)

Always mix cement, sand and giti on a GCI sheet or concrete floor, avoid mixing the same on the ground as it will affect the quality of concrete mixture

Giti should be mud free and kept clean

RH RED
ER ST ON MA AS M

21

FILLING CONCRETE INTO POST

Compaction will give better results

R ED

RH

22

BACK ELEVATION
22'3" 3'

2'9"

R EDRH

2'11"

1'6"

23

FRONT ELEVATION
22'3" 3'

2'9"

2'9"

4'11"

7'10" 6'3" 2'11"

1'6"

24

MATERIALS NEEDED FOR ONE HOUSE

674
kg

1025
kg

TMT Bars 10 mm

TMT Bars 16 mm

1373 Nos. (12 m long)

1025
kg

TMT Bars 12 mm

35 Nos. (12 m long) 91 Nos. (12 m long)

461
kg

TMT Bars 12 mm

300 Bags

600 Bags 6000 Bags

CEMENT

SAND

43 Nos. (12 m long)

25

STAGES OF PROGRESS

BDO

Stage 2: Plinth level complete

Stage 1: Beneficiary selection completed

Stage 3: Roof complete

Stage 5: Handing over of house

26

Stage 4: House fully complete

Safe living, Good bye and Take care..!

REDRH

REDRH

C o n c e p t u a l i z e d b y R u r a l M a n a g e m e n t a n d D e v e l o p m e n t D e p a r t m e n t , G o v e r n m e n t o f S i k k i m S u p p o r t e d b y : W W F I n d i a , K h a n g c h e n d z o n g a L a n d s c a p e P r o g r a m m e I l l u s t r a t i o n , D e s i g n & P r i n t P e t e r L e p c h a A r t s & G r a p h i x , G t k . P h . 9 4 3 4 1 8 4 2 8 1