St. Lawrence Island Yup'ik Language Units

Meteghlluwaaghet
Bird carvings for game
Preview
meteghlluwaaghet
Aqelqaneng kaanneghmeggni
naghaaghutaqut angyaqulluteng.
kuvaaghan
Aaykariighmeng amalka entaqun ellngita.
of an ayveq
Umiilwaaghet naghaaghutkaqiit.
qawaat
When visitors arrived they would
taghnughhaat
Kuvaaghan could
ELAINE KINGEEKUK
well as umiilet
>> Discussion
meteghlluwaaghet were
carved in the shape of
birds?
kuvaaghan popular with
Metghlluwaaghet
Page 1 of 6
St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture
Meteghlluwaaghet
Preview
meteghlluwaaghet
Taawa ukut liisalghiinga mekelghiighhaluta
(qerngughte-) and tossed
kuvaagha
lleghhiini taakut
nekevgha-
nekevghalghiinginaat tugulaghaqluki.
(tugume called kuvaaghaan

them up, drop them, and collect only
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
everyone had a turn (qamaggute-
can you think

of a game like
kuvaaghan that you
have played? how
was it similar? how
was it different?
Page 2 of 6
Meteghlluwaaghet
Preview
Taagken alla kaaskumi ellnganun ellngan
qawaaggani tugu
Naasqwitgun tuguluki whanga qawaaggaqa
tugulleqaa nalluniilnguq. Qawaawaghhaq.
Taagken ellngan naasqwa
lleqa.
ELAINE KINGEEKUK
why do you think the players MADE their pieces

FIght with each other? have you ever done this
in games youve played?
Page 3 of 6
Meteghlluwaaghet
VIEWING
As you watch the video, listen for
aaykagh- (to gamble)
naghaagh
naghaaghun (toy)
nekevgha- (to be standing)
qamaggutea turn)
>> What did the meteghlluwaaghet
they made?
qawaak (bird)
qerngughte-
>> How was kuvaaghan

taghnughhaq
>>
kuvaaghan?
tugu-
What other words can you identify from the preview?

Page 4 of 6
Meteghlluwaaghet
POST-viewing
______________
______________
______________
______________
aayka
______________
qawaa
qerngugh
naghaaghu
taghnughha
nekevgha
tugu
qamag
______________at ______________
Are these childrens toys or adults?
______________
______________
Page 5 of 6
______________
______________
Meteghlluwaaghet
POST-VIEWING
space below
kuvaaghan
Find a partner and discuss your picture
Page 6 of 6
Atkuk
Parka
Preview
Atkuget (parkas) are made from various materials,
qawaat (birds). A birdskin atkuk (parka) is
(napi-). The napistet
(hunters) were always maqaq (warm) when they
wore them. When napistet went out on the siku
Maqaghllaget. Napiisiit. Napistet

ghhuusigalkangi qayughllak
maqaghqengnwaaghluteng aatkameng
whaten napikayuget.
lot. When this happened, they turned their atkuget
They [birdskin parkas] are warm. They

Hunters never became
cold, because they dressed warmly in
clothes like this.
inside out, so that the dry part would be inside. The
LYDIA APATIKI
damp part outside would freeze dry.
describe the picture

below using
as many
yupik words
as you can.
Akulki
birdskin atkuget (parkas).
Gambell, 1912. Courtesy of
Archives, INV 01480400.
Page 1 of 6
Atkuk
Bird parka
Preview
Qafsinegyagllawaaqut. Ukut uyaqghwi
To make a birdskin atkuk, you need to harvest
iikluki paamnangi natengiighhaq one inch
qawaat
sangwaa two inches. Neqaangi qaamkut
way to process an amigmqwaaq (birdskin) is to

kelik-) it with an
sipegtaqegkangit uultaqegkangit amiirii

melqwi qamanlluki.
There were many [bird skins]. The necks
ughvik
quginaq
Then squeeze the liquid out (sipegte-) and place it
body and turn the fur inside.

ANGELA LARSON
atkuk (parka).
What would it
feel like to wear
a birdskin parka?
atkuk (parka)
Page 2 of 6
Atkuk
Parka
Preview
Qerngughunneghmeggni Sivuqami.
Sivuqaq (Gambell). People
Atkugitgun liigikaqegkangit. Naghuyatuqagt

naghuyameng atkugluteng. Atkugitgunnguq
type of atkuk (parka) that he or she wore. People
liisuqaqiit naken pimatangit qiighqami.
from the southern part of the island would wear

atkuget (parkas) made from metghat (eider ducks).
at Sivuqaq (Gambell). They would
In parts of the island where naghuyat (

atkuget made from
came from by their parkas.
those qawaat. People also wore atkuget made from

sukilpaq (crested auklet) and ngelqaq (cormorant).
>> Discussion
What kind of qawaak do
you see the most where
you live?
Have you ever seen an

atkuk made from them?
birdskin atkuk (parka).

Gambell, 1930. Courtesy of
What kind of qawaak do

you think was used to
make the atkuk shown in
American Indian, N42764.
Page 3 of 6
Atkuk
Bird parka
VIEWING
these key bases and words:
kelik- (to scrape)
maqaq (warm)
metghaq (eider duck)
napingelqaq (cormorant)
piyaa- (to hunt by walking on the
>> What types of atkuget are there?
ice)
qaagna (outside)
>> How did people make birdskin atkuget?

sipegte- (to remove liquid from
>> When was a birdskin atkuk used, and
something)
what purpose did it serve?

ughvik (skin scraper)
What other words can you identify

from the preview?
Page 4 of 6
Atkuk
Parka
POST-viewing
list of bases and words in the box.
Those from a certain part of the island who had plenty of eider ducks
would wear duck parkas.
atku
ngelqa
keli
sipegt
maqa
ughvi
metgha
qaag
napi
3. Amalleqa ____________
____________
They also used cormorants to make parkas.
____________
____________
outside.
5.
Then they would scrape them with an ivory scraper.
6.
Page 5 of 6
Atkuk
Bird parka
POST-VIEWING
of your aktuk below:
aktuk
qawaak you wish. Draw a picture
Now describe your aktuk in 2-3 sentences. Pair up with your partner and take turns
Page 6 of 6
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
Preview
Avleqaghtat
Taawa ukut aatghii qawaagmun atut
qawaaget (birds).
They have weights on one end
neghiighhaaneng elngatall lissalghiikut.

Aatqelghiit avleqaghtaaneng. Taana
avleqaghtaq mumiglleghhiini qerngunun
unaghsiq (wood), tugun
qawaa
neghqwaaq
whaa pinghata milunneghmegteki nutem
using braided string or ivalu (sinew) to a
ataasiq mallghu
puu (handle). Avleqaghtat were thrown into
qawaalghun
aqut.
These items that we named were used

avleqeghtat (bolas).
Avleqaghtaq is translated -- they were used
birds
e by they threw them, and they
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
puu
ivalu
Why do you think

different materials
were used for the
weights?
Avleqaghtat
Page 1 of 6
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
Preview
Sameng alngunak ilaangani ayveghem
tugutangaaneng neghqwaaghmeng
avleqaghtat
avleqaghtat
aagaviisaghqat. Enkaam pivalghiikut llangaqa
meghmi sami angyaami atughqaaluki.
Avleqaghtat made from
realized that around water or from a boat

they might have been used.
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
avleqaghtat (bolas) in use. Courtesy of the
Page 2 of 6
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
Preview
qawaaget
Tawaten apellghistun entaqun
a hunter threw avleqaghtat to bring down
qernguqunghani qawaaget sangwaat
a qawaak (bird). Avleqaghtat were thrown
metghaat alpat. Tamagun milughluki
by holding the puu and whirling it around
tespaagani legan iglagutqaghtesluki.
overhead, then releasing it when it had
Tamagun qawaagsimaqut tamaani.
gained enough momentum. The strings

the weights
ground.
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
Describe the
image using
as many Yupik
words as you
can.
throwing ayleqaghtat (bolas) to
Page 3 of 6
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
VIEWING
anuqa (wind)
(to fall from a height, to
drop)
(to tangle)
(to throw)
naayvaq (lake)
about
>> What materials were used to make aveqaghtat?
neghqwaaq (bone)
puglegha
surface)
>> How do aveqaghtat help hunters catch qawaaget?

qawaak (bird)
>> What tools do hunters use today to catch qawaaget,
What other words can you

identify from the preview?
sivenuq (ancestors)
tugun (walrus tusk, ivory)
unaghsiq (wood for making
something)
Page 4 of 6
Anavak
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
POST-viewing
puglegh
one or two fall.
iglagut
qawaa
milu/gh
siv
naayva
tugu
neghqwaa
unaghsi
or bones.
Page 5 of 6
Avleqaghtat
Bolas
POST-VIEWING
avleqaghtat.
Page 6 of 6
Saguvak
Drum
Preview
Saguyiit
ulima-)
Saguyasta tamakut a. Tazimkaghtat
Sivuqaq
taagegken ima atuqaqegkangit
(St. Lawrence Island). The frame is made
uliimaaqegkangit. Paniinang tawaten
from unaghsiq (wood). In the past, they
nagneghutkaqegkeput tawaten tazingkugetun
qayugun
ayuqetulgestun. Siighnameng ayveghem
(adze). The saguvak (drum) frame is shaped
siighnaaneng siigaqluki. Lipeghsaalluki

taawanginaq whaa unaghsii hickory-meng
unaghsiq
whaa kiyang atuqaukut.
pakeg-) into shape.
Those are drums. From the old days, used
them. But now we order material for [the

CHRIS K00NOOKA
sii
qiipaq
Page 1 of 6
Describe a drum that

you have seen before
or that belongs to
your family.
Saguvak
Drum
Preview
Ukut aa siikaghqat negikraghwaaghluki
The sii
awavaqaqun esghapallemni. Taana
from the stomach of an ayveq (walrus)
nemghutaghqaq qiipapik ayugighluku
and is secured onto the frame with qiipaq
katamngwaaq.
(sinew cord). They pull the sii
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
What events have you

attended where there
was drumming and
singing? When
have you joined
in?
Page 2 of 6
Saguvak
Drum
Preview
In the past and today, Yupiget (St. Lawrence
Aa sakmaani Sivuqami qiighqami

tazimkaghhaaneng atuqayuuguut yuput.
(atugh-) and dance (aghula-
Aghulakayuget atuqayuget atuusikayuget
(gerngugh-
ayuumighhaaneng unguvastaat taana
Yupiget
old atuuget
Page 3 of 6
atuq.
Our men have drummed and sung on
ST. Lawrence Island since long ago.
They dance, sing and compose songs,
and have since long ago, keeping
drumming alive.
Saguvak
Drum
VIEWING
aghula- (to dance)
atugh- (to sing)
atuun (song)
negikraghpakegqayugun (adze)
qerngughte- (to gather, to
>> During what kind of events are saguyiit used?
>> How are saguyiit used with dancing and singing?
sii (drumskin)
(handle of a drum)
>> How are the saguyiit made?

ulima- (to make)

unaghsiq (wood for making
something)
Page 4 of 6
AnaSaguvak
Drum
POST-viewing
_______________
atugh
qerngugh
atuu
sagu
negikragh
sii
_______________atut _______________
_______________
pakeg
_______________
qayug
_______________n
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
_______________
Page 5 of 6
Saguvak
Drum
POST-VIEWING
saguvak.
Find a partner and discuss the scene you drew
Page 6 of 6
Qaghpa
Headdress
Preview
A qaghpa (headdress)
Taana maaten akuzimghhutkegkefut
was worn by a
qaghpa. Kingikaam aapgqangi
yuuk (man) when there was a
qavngaghnguq iviighmi yuget aategkangit
(sariigh-) or iiviq (ceremony). Qaghpat
nasqughiitaqluki qaghpat.
were made (ulima-) with crowns of hair

from a
(reindeer) or
(polar
uygaaq
(de-haired, winter-bleached sealskin).
What we spoke about is the qaghpa

(headdress). Kingikaq (Theodore
ago, during a ceremony, men would wear
headdresses as a head garment during
ELAINE KINGEEKUK
WHAT KIND OF
HEADWEAR DO YOU
WEAR? DO YOU
HAVE ANYTHING YOU
WEAR FOR SPECIAL
OCCASIONS?
Men wearing qaghpat
Page 1 of 6
Qaghpa
Headdress
Preview
Uygaaghham qulangakun segeniluku. Taana
This qaghpa was made with
enkaam sukilpaam sulungaa.
(reindeer chin hair). The band is made from

uygaaq dyed red and decorated with lines
the bleached sealskin. And then it is an

auklets crest.
of uygaaq and
ELAINE KINGEEKUK & ANGELA LARSON
the black crest
WHAT KIND OF
CEREMONIAL CLOTHING
DO YOU WEAR? HOW IS
IT INFLUENCED BY THE
MATERIALS WHERE YOU
LIVE?
and orange billplate of a sukilpaq

(crested auklet).
Qagpha
(headdress)
and close-up of
its decorated
sealskin band.
Museum of
Natural History
Page 2 of 6
Qaghpa
Headdress
Preview
qaghpa,
yugem (mens) ceremonial
clothes would also include aaraaghusik
iiggak
qaghpa called a
are. We also use polar bear [hair]. These

are reindeer.
(beads). Her other
(womans fancy boots). A yuuk (man) or

parka).
Page 3 of 6
Nanuumeng whangkuta. Ukut quyngim.

It is no wonder that our dear drummers
ceremonial clothes would include payaaqek

might wear a
atughengiighhaput. Whatesimaagqat.
(woman)
, a head band with decorated
with strings of
Taameng qaghpaluteng
(fancy gut
LYDIA APATIKI
WHY DID MEN

AND WOMEN
WEAR DIFFERENT
HEADWEAR DURING
CEREMONIES?
Qaghpa
Headdress
VIEWING
(woman)
aghula (to dance)
(polar bear)
qaghpa (headdress)
(reindeer)
saguyaq (skin drum)
ons as you listen:
(to embroider with caribou
>> What does a qagpha look like?
or reindeer chin hairs)
>> What was this qagpha made with? Why do you think
sukilpaq (crested auklet)
these materials were chosen?

(to make, to build, to carve,
>> What was the purpose of a qagpha?

uygaaq (de-haired, winterbleached seal-skin)

yugem (mans/mens)
Page 4 of 6
Qaghpa
Headdress
POST-viewing
missing parts from the list of bases and words in the box.
_______________ qaa una _______________ akaa?
Yeah, yuggiinaat _______________ luteng. _______________ t
aghula
Is this a mans headdress?
2. _______________
sukilpa
uliima
_______________ m.
We also use polar bear. These are reindeer.
qaghpa
uygaa
yugem
_______________yagullghaten _______________lleqamken.
If you start dancing, I will make you one.
_______________ghham qulangakun _______________luku, taana enkaam _______________am

sulungaa.
Page 5 of 6
Qaghpa
Headdress
POST-VIEWING
Design your own qaghpa in the space below:
your partners design below:
Describe
Page 6 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
Preview
The harpoon head (aghveghqutaq
Aghveghmun atuugut.
aghveq).
uunghaq,
aghveq
aghveq to stop and
Aghveg
Ayagmun
ayagmeng.
They are used for whales. They named

them aghveghqutaq (harpoon head) for a
>> Discussion
heads used to hunt ayveq.
What do you remember

about the uunghaq that
about the aghveghqutaq?
and aghveq?
ayveq
Aghveghqutaq
Page 1 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
Preview
aghveq
aghveghqutaq
aghveg
aghveq
ayuumig
Aghveg
yuguma
even when a hunter harpoons the aghveq,
Aghveg
kii
the aghveq
kii).
have you ever

seen an aghveq in
person? how did it
make you feel?
Page 2 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
Preview
Aghveg
the aghveq
Kapugh
people.
they used these harpoons [on

them. They would stab them,
bombs.
have you ever

experienced or
celebrated a whale
harvest? What was
it like?
Page 3 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
VIEWING
aange
aghveq
ayagun
ayumiq
kapugh
kii
qalugyaq
aghveghqutaq
sanqun
ungipaghaq
aghveghqutaq
yuguma
aghveq?
aghveghutaq
aghveq?
aghveq?
Page 4 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
POST-viewing
_______________hmun atuugut.
aghveg
kii
aange
qaluya
ayagmun
sanqu
ayuumi
yuguma
They are used for whales.
______________ghtaawat? ______________hqutat? Aa,

_______________
kapugh
Page 5 of 6
Aghveghqutaq
Harpoon head
POST-VIEWING
aghveghquta and unghaq.
Page 6 of 6
Anavak
Bird net
Preview
An amaaghaq (parakeet auklet) is a small, black and
Sukilpaq uglapiglleghhii naayghammni
white qawaak (bird) with a bright orange qengikun
qantaghani tawani. Kiyang
(beak). A sukilpaq (crested auklet) is dark grey and
anuqa elqughaghutnganghani
has a reddish-orange qengikun with black, forward-
anavagyaghaqelghiit. Llangaqa anuqmun
curling siluut (feathers) above. Both nest in large
tengaalghiit qernguugqluteng.
qernguut
sukilpaat
pennat
Amaaghaat and
There are so many crested auklets nearby

for birds, usually when the wind is from a
and Bering Sea.

MERLIN KOONOOKA
pennaq
>> Discussion
amaaghaq
qengikun
sukilpaq
Where have you seen an

amaaghaq or sukilpaq?
What were you doing you

when you saw it?
What was it doing?
Above: Parakeet auklets. Below: Crested auklets. Courtesy of Lynda
Page 1 of 6
Anavak
Bird net
Preview
Saniituq avangituq. Legan puungakun whaten
An anavak (bird net) is used to catch amaaghaat
tuguuluku uka qawaak ukilghii pennaaneng,
and sukilpaat. There are two kinds of anavak.

puu (handle) and is used to catch
whaa kaannaquq amiigighaghtekuvgu

itqaghlleqan tawavek.
qawaat coming out of an unglun (nest). The other

has a long puu and is used when a qernguq
like this, when birds are coming down from
hunters used to make a nalugtaq
put this in front of it, it will go inside.
(decoy) using live sukilpaat to lure others toward
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
his net. He would string a strip of suqaq (baleen)

through their qengikun.
Below:
nalugtaq
anavak
puu
Above: Anavak (bird net).
Page 2 of 6
Anavak
Bird net
Preview
Hunters would only take enough (nasiqe-)
Ilangakun kayuusiitaqegkefut naangiigh-
their load get too heavy. Their catch was butchered
haghput
neqaangit. Neqekaqegkeput.
), and the meat was used for neqa (food, meat),
nghani. Atuqaqegkeput talwa
prepared by cooking it with elqwaaq (seaweed) or

aged in oil (ighaluqaq). An atkuk (parka) could be
made from the amighwaat (bird skins).
mother when she cut [the birds]. We

would even use their meat. We used
them as food.
ANGELA LARSON
Describe the picture below using

as many Yupik words as you can.
A hunter using a long-handled anavak (bird net) to catch crested
Crested auklet
Page 3 of 6
Anavak
Bird net
VIEWING
these key words and bases:
amaaghaq (parakeet auklet)
elqwaaq (kelp, seaweed)
ighaluqaq
maligmun (following the common
nalugtaq (bird decoy)

Think about
pennaq
>> When and where did the elders net birds?
puu (handle)
>> How did they net them?
>> How did they prepare them to eat?
qawaak (bird)
qengikun (beak)
sukilpaq (crested auklet)

suqaq (baleen)
Page 4 of 6
Anavak
Bird net
POST-viewing
atagmeng.
gmeng
kpaghmun.
We would net birds back on the island using those bird nets. With
bird nets for crested auklets.
ni esgha atughqaaluku
nga
entaqun.
anava
penna
elqwaa
qawaa
puu
qengikun
maligmun
suqa
nalug
suki/sukilpa
They would set up decoys on the side.

nuuvulluki
as taakut petugaqegkangit
ggaas
tamakut.
They would loop the baleen through the beaks for those birds.
gaqiit.
at.
Page 5 of 6
ghqun gaaqat.
Anavak
Bird net
POST-VIEWING
Draw a picture of yourself using an anavak.
Find a partner and discuss your picture. Use as many Yupik words as you can. Describe
your partners picture below:
Page 6 of 6
Qanrak
Boat Sled
Preview
A qanrak (boat sled) is used to haul an
Qanra
Angyaq
angyaq (boat) across ice. One sled was

placed under each end of the angyaq. It has
two suqaghnek (runners) made from tugun
(walrus tusk), which is used because tugun
These were boat sleds. A boat was

placed on top. They could probably take
them anywhere. I have seen them in use.
slides easily across the siku (ice). Wooden
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
crosspieces were lashed to the suqaghneq
>> Discussion
with uyiiq (rawhide line). There are holes at

qanrak
How do people move an

angyaq?
foot and a half wide.
How many people do you

think it would take to pull
an angyaq on a qanrak?
Have you ever been in

an angyaq or helped to
launch it?
suqaghneq
uyiiq
Qanrak
Page 1 of 6
Qanrak
Boat sled
Preview
qanrak siku
kevagyaq
angyaq across siku is hard work,

a qanrak are usually led by an umilek (boat
When there is ice [an obstacle], the boat

sled is keyagyaq
front. Then those in front
(lowered down). They always say what
RALPH APATIKI, SR.
captain) or siivanlleq
encounters an obstacle that the qanrak
keyagyq), then
lowered back down (ifaghyaq). The leader
work in unison.
How have you

worked with
others to DO
SOMETHING big?
qanrak (boat sled) to haul an
angyaq (skin boat) into the water. Gambell,
Page 2 of 6
Qanrak
Boat Sled
Preview
In the video, they talk about how siku has
siku
siku
pull an
angyaq
have watched it. There are broken pieces

of ice, very
the siku
MERLIN KOONOOKA
Why do you think the ice is different now? What

changes does this cause for people?
Page 3 of 6
Qanrak
Boat sled
VIEWING
angyaq
inglu
keyagyaq
qilleghtesiivanlleq
siku
angyaq
>>
qanrak
siku
suqaghneq
qanrak
teghik
tugun
>>
qanrak?

Page 4 of 6
Qanrak
Boat Sled
POST-viewing
angyaq
These were boat sleds. A boat was placed on top. They could probably
take them anywhere.
qilleghtht
siku
inglu
teghik
keyagyaq
tugu
qanra
There is one on this side and one there on the other side.
_______________.
Page 5 of 6
Qanrak
Boat sled
POST-VIEWING
below:
your partners picture below:
angyaq
. Use as many Yupik words as you can. Describe
Page 6 of 6

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Meteghlluwaaghet

Bird carvings for game

Aaykariighmeng amalka entaqun ellngita.

When visitors arrived they would

kuvaaghan popular with

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

Taawa ukut liisalghiinga mekelghiighhaluta

(qerngughte-) and tossed

(tugume called kuvaaghaan

everyone had a turn (qamaggute-

can you think

why do you think the players MADE their pieces

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

aaykagh- (to gamble)

>> How was kuvaaghan

What other words can you identify from the preview?

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

Find a partner and discuss your picture

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

Maqaghllaget. Napiisiit. Napistet

lot. When this happened, they turned their atkuget

They [birdskin parkas] are warm. They

inside out, so that the dry part would be inside. The

damp part outside would freeze dry.

describe the picture

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

To make a birdskin atkuk, you need to harvest

iikluki paamnangi natengiighhaq one inch

sangwaa two inches. Neqaangi qaamkut

way to process an amigmqwaaq (birdskin) is to

sipegtaqegkangit uultaqegkangit amiirii

Then squeeze the liquid out (sipegte-) and place it

body and turn the fur inside.

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

Atkugitgun liigikaqegkangit. Naghuyatuqagt

type of atkuk (parka) that he or she wore. People

liisuqaqiit naken pimatangit qiighqami.

from the southern part of the island would wear

at Sivuqaq (Gambell). They would

In parts of the island where naghuyat (

came from by their parkas.

those qawaat. People also wore atkuget made from

Have you ever seen an

birdskin atkuk (parka).

What kind of qawaak do

American Indian, N42764.

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

>> How did people make birdskin atkuget?

what purpose did it serve?

What other words can you identify

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

qawaak you wish. Draw a picture

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

Taawa ukut aatghii qawaagmun atut

neghiighhaaneng elngatall lissalghiikut.

unaghsiq (wood), tugun

whaa pinghata milunneghmegteki nutem

using braided string or ivalu (sinew) to a

puu (handle). Avleqaghtat were thrown into

These items that we named were used

e by they threw them, and they

RALPH APATIKI, SR.

Why do you think

St. Lawrence Island Yupik Language and Culture

St. Lawrence Island Yup'ik Language Units

St. Lawrence Island Yup'ik Language Units