http://www.cram.

com/flashcards/venous-drainage-1361232 good questions

DEPARTMENT HEAD FACE = FACIAL REGION [first trans book] On the surface of the facial part of the head in front of the orbit to select regions , regio orbitalis, nose , regio nasalis, mouth , regio oralis, adjacent to her chin area , regio mentalis. Located on the sides of suborbital , regio infraorbitalis, buccal , regio buccalis, and parotid- chewing , regio parotideomasseterica, area. The final isolated superficial and deep parts. Blood supply to the face is carried out mainly external carotid artery , a. carotis externa, through its branches : a. facialis, and . temporalis superficialis and a. maxillaris. In addition, the blood supply of the face is involved and a. ophthalmica of a. carotis interna. Between arteries systems internal and external carotid arteries anastomoses exist in orbit. Vessels constitute the abundant well-developed network of anastomoses , causing facial wounds bleed much . However, due to the good blood supply to the facial soft tissue wounds usually heal quickly and plastic surgery on the face end favorably. As in the calvaria , facial arteries are located in the subcutaneous fatty tissue , in contrast to other areas. Facial vein , artery and the like , commonly anastomosed with each other. From the surface layers of the venous blood flowing across the face of the vein , v. facialis, and partly pozadichelyustnoy , v. retromandibularis, from deep - on the maxillary vein , v. maxillaris. Ultimately, all this blood flowing in the veins of the internal jugular vein . Importantly, the veins also anastomose face with veins flowing into the cavernous sinus dural ( through v. Ophthalmica, as well as through emissarnye vein on the outer base of the skull ) , resulting in suppurative processes on the face ( boils ) along the veins may extend to meninges with severe complications ( meningitis , sinus phlebitis , etc.) . Sensitive innervation of the face provided the branches of the trigeminal nerve (n. trigeminus, V pair FSK ): n. ophthalmicus (I branch ), n. maxillaris (II branch ), n. mandibularis (III branch). Branch of the trigeminal nerve for the face out of the bone channels , holes are located on the same vertical line : foramen ( or incisura) supraorbitale for n. I supraorbitalis branches of the trigeminal nerve , foramen infraorbitale for n. infraorbitalis II branch of the trigeminal nerve and foramen mentale for n. mentalis III branch of the trigeminal nerve (see Fig. 5.14).

. 10.4. Fig. 10.4. Face zone within which projected salivary glands and their ducts (from: Lubotsky
DN, 1953): 1 - Venting projection zone of the parotid gland, 2 - zone ductless parotid gland 3 - zone of the parotid gland, 4 - zone ductless submandibular gland, 5 - submandibular gland zone 6 - zone of the main duct sublingual gland; 7 - zone sublingual gland

. 5.33. : Fig. 5.33. Projections of facial nerve branches: 1 - rr. temporales; 2 - rr. zygomatici; 3 - rr. buccales; 4 - r. marginalis mandibularis; 5 - r. colli [first trans book]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxillary_artery The maxillary artery, the larger of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery, arises behind the neck of the mandible, and is at first imbedded in the substance of the parotid gland; it passes forward between the ramus of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, and then runs, either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid muscle, to the pterygopalatine fossa. It supplies the deep structures of the face, and may be divided into mandibular, pterygoid, and pterygopalatine portions.

First portion
The first or mandibular portion passes horizontally forward, between the neck of the mandible and the sphenomandibular ligament, where it lies parallel to and a little below the auriculotemporal nerve; it crosses the inferior alveolar nerve, and runs along the lower border of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Branches include:

Deep auricular artery Anterior tympanic artery Middle meningeal artery Inferior alveolar artery which gives off its mylohyoid branch just prior to entering the mandibular foramen Accessory meningeal artery

Second portion
The second or pterygoid portion runs obliquely forward and upward under cover of the ramus of the mandible and insertion of the temporalis, on the superficial (very frequently on the deep) surface of the lateral pterygoid muscle; it then passes between the two heads of origin of this muscle and enters the fossa. Branches include:

Masseteric artery Pterygoid branches Deep temporal arteries (anterior and posterior) Buccal artery

Third portion
The third or pterygopalatine portion lies in the pterygopalatine fossa in relation with the pterygopalatine ganglion. This is considered the terminal branch of the maxillary artery. Branches include:

Sphenopalatine artery (Nasopalatine artery is the terminal branch of the Maxillary artery) Descending palatine artery Infraorbital artery Posterior superior alveolar artery Artery of pterygoid canal Pharyngeal artery Middle superior alveolar (a branch of the infraorbital artery) Anterior superior alveolar arteries (a branch of the infraorbital artery)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_carotid_artery

The external carotid artery begins at the level of the upper border of thyroid cartilage, and, taking a slightly curved course, passes upward and forward, and then inclines backward to the space behind the neck of the mandible, where it divides into the superficial temporal and maxillary artery within the parotid gland.

It rapidly diminishes in size in its course up the neck, owing to the number and large size of the branches given off from it. In the child, it is somewhat smaller than the internal carotid; but in the adult, the two vessels are of nearly equal size. At its origin, this artery is more superficial, and placed nearer the middle line than the internal carotid, and is contained within the carotid triangle.

The inferior alveolar nerve (sometimes called the inferior dental nerve) is a branch of the mandibular nerve, which is itself the third branch (V3) of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

Contents

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandibular_nerve

Path
The two roots (sensory and motor) exit the middle cranial fossa through the foramen ovale. The two roots then combine. Immediately in the infratemporal fossa beneath the base of the skull, the nerve gives off two branches from its medial side: a recurrent branch (nervus spinosus) and the nerve to the medial pterygoid muscle. The mandibular nerve then divides into two trunks, an anterior and a posterior.

Branches

Branches from the main trunk (except nervus spinosus) and the posterior division. The mandibular nerve gives off the following branches:

From the main trunk of the nerve (before the division)

muscular branches, which are efferent nerves for the medial pterygoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini muscles (motor)[2] o meningeal branch (a sensory nerve) From the anterior division o masseteric nerve (motor) o deep temporal nerves, anterior and posterior (motor) o buccal nerve (a sensory nerve) o lateral pterygoid nerve (motor)

Branches from the posterior and anterior divisions (except lateral pterygoid nerve)

From the posterior division o auriculotemporal nerve (a sensory nerve) o lingual nerve (a sensory nerve) o inferior alveolar nerve (a sensory nerve) o motor branch to mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles (mylohyoid nerve)

To remember the sensory branches of V3

B - Buccal n. (should be long buccal n. because buccal n. is the motor branch off of CN VII) A - Auriculotemporal n. I - Inferior Alveolar n. L - Lingual n.

mandibular nerve http://www.cambridgequestions.co.uk/DisplayQuestion.aspx?id=523

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http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_48/48-8.HTM

Buccal fat pad Practically important education is also located in the subcutaneous tissue , is sucking pad Bisha [Bichat], corpus adiposum buccae. It is located at the rear boundary of the region adjacent to the front edge of the masseter muscle . Sucking pad enclosed in a pretty tight fascial capsule, which separates it from the subcutaneous tissue, as well as the buccal muscles , located deeper. Part of the fat body is located in the neighboring , parotid- masticatory area , between the deep surface of the m. and masseter m. buccinator. From this part of the fat body depart processes : temporal , orbital and pterygopalatine penetrating into the appropriate field. [first trans book]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial_artery The facial artery (external maxillary artery in older texts) is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face. It is also called "Anaesthetist's artery"

The facial artery arises in the carotid triangle from the external carotid artery a little above the lingual artery and, sheltered by the ramus of the mandible, passes obliquely up beneath the

digastric and stylohyoid muscles, over which it arches to enter a groove on the posterior surface of the submandibular gland. It then curves upward over the body of the mandible at the antero-inferior angle of the masseter; passes forward and upward across the cheek to the angle of the mouth, then ascends along the side of the nose, and ends at the medial commissure of the eye, under the name of the angular artery. This vessel, both in the neck and on the face, is remarkably tortuous: in the former situation, to accommodate itself to the movements of the pharynx in deglutition; and in the latter, to the movements of the mandible, lips, and cheeks.

http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~uzwiak/AnatPhys/Blood_Vessels.html

http://www.up.edu.ps/ocw/repositories/pdf-archive/vesselesoftheneckReadOnly/body.html

http://www.practicalhospital.com/tumors-of-the-head-and-neck/mandible

http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/media/101309/The-mandible

Plexus pterygoideus takes blood from v. alveolaris inferior, v. meningea media, vv. parotidei, v. temporalis profunda. From a practical point of view it is important that the pterygoid plexus associated with cavernous sinus dura mater of the brain through vv. emissarii foraminis laceri anterioris [emissary veins thorugh foramen lacerum] et rete foraminis ovalis [venous plexus of foramen ovale] . [first trans book] Plexus pterygoideus takes blood from v. alveolaris inferior, v. meningea media, vv. parotidei, v. temporalis profunda. From a practical point of view it is important that the pterygoid plexus associated with cavernous sinus dura mater of the brain through vv. emissarii foraminis laceri anterioris et rete foraminis ovalis. Through the lower orbital fissure it is associated with v. ophthalmica inferior. With superficial veins of the pterygoid plexus person connected by branches of the deep veins of the face. Described venous communications are of great clinical importance, as are the ways of infection transmission (see Fig. 5.34) . http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emissary_veins There are also emissary veins passing through the foramen ovale, jugular foramen, foramen lacerum and hypoglossal canal. http://www.medilexicon.com/medicaldictionary.php?t=70078

venous plexus of foramen ovale

Type: Term

Definitions: 1. a venous network around the mandibular nerve connecting the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus. Synonyms: plexus venosus foraminis ovalis, rete foraminis ovalis

Venous Drainage http://www.up.edu.ps/ocw/repositories/pdf-archive/vesselesoftheneckReadOnly/body.html

inferior ophthalmic vein http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_ophthalmic_vein

http://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/skull-and-neck/deck/5584599

http://www.oculist.net/downaton502/prof/ebook/duanes/pages/v2/v2c029.html

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_facial_vein

The Facial Vein usually unites with the Anterior branch of the Retromandibular Vein to form the Common Facial Vein, which crosses the external carotid artery and enters the internal jugular vein at a variable point below the hyoid bone. From near its termination a communicating branch often runs down the anterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus to join the lower part of the anterior jugular vein. The common facial vein is not present in all individuals.

http://www.up.edu.ps/ocw/repositories/pdf-archive/vesselesoftheneckReadOnly/body.html veins of head and neck

http://en.academic.ru/dic.nsf/enwiki/3424149 nasofrotnal vein Vein: Nasofrontal vein

Veins of orbit.

Latin Gray's Drains to

vena nasofrontalis subject #171 659 superior ophthalmic vein

The nasofrontal vein is a vein in the eye which drains to the superior ophthalmic vein.