The Student's Guide to Cognitive Neuroscience

Second edition

Jamie Ward

Psychology Press
Taylor & Francis Group HOVE AND NEW YORK

Contents
About the author Preface to the first edition Preface to the second edition
VII

ix xi

Introducing cognitive neuroscience

Cognitive neuroscience in historical perspective Does cognitive psychology need the brain? Does neuroscience need cognitive psychology?

2
4 11 13

Group studies and lesion-deficit analysis Animal models in neuropsychology Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Facilitation, interference and functional integration using TMS

88 90 92 96

The seeing brain

From eye to brain Cortical blindness and "Hindsight" Functional specialization of the visual cortex beyond VI Recognizing objects Category specificity in visual object recognition? Recognizing faces Vision imagined

102
103 108 110 113 119 120 124

Introducing the brain

Structure and function of the neuron The gross organization of the brain The cerebral cortex The subcortex The midbrain and hindbrain

16
18 21 25 27 30

7 The spatial brain

128
129 133 136 139 141 147

The electrophysiological brain

In search of neural representations: Single-cell recordings Electroencephalography and event-related potentials Mental chronometry in electrophysiology and cognitive psychology Magnetoencephalography

32
34 37 40 46

A spotlight on attention Attending to visual objects: Feature-Integration Theory Space, attention and the parietal lobes Losing space: Seeing one object at a time Losing half of space: Spatial frames and neglect Remembering space: Does the hippocampus store a long-term map of the environment?

The imaged brain

Structural imaging Functional imaging From image to cognitive theory: An example of cognitive subtraction methodology Beyond cognitive subtraction Event-related versus blocked designs Analyzing data from functional imaging Interpreting data from functional imaging Why do functional imaging data sometimes disagree with lesion data? Is "Big Brother" round the corner?

48 8
49 51 56 58 64 65 68 71 73

The acting brain

A basic cognitive framework for movement and action The role of the frontal lobes in movement and action Planning actions: The SAS model Ownership and awareness of actions Action comprehension and imitation Parietofrontal circuits for sensory-motor transformation Using objects and tools Preparation and execution of actions

152
153 155 159 161 164 166 170 173

The lesioned brain

Dissociations and associations Single case studies

78 9
81 84

The remembering brain

Short-term and working memory Different types of long-term memory

180
181 185

Vi

CONTENTS

Amnesia Memory storage and consolidation: A time-limited role for the hippocampus? Theories of remembering, knowing and forgetting The role of the prefrontal cortex in long-term memory Constructive memory and memory distortions

187
193 196 199 200

13 The numerate brain

Universal numeracy? The meaning of numbers Models of number processing Are numbers represented in a visuospatial code?

288
289 291 298 307

14

The executive brain

Anatomical and functional divisions of the prefrontal cortex Executive functions in practice Models of executive function Functional specialization within the lateral prefrontal cortex? The role of the anterior cingulate in executive functions Task switching

310
312 314 318 322 328 330

10 The hearing brain

The nature of sound From ear to brain Basic processing of auditory information Music perception Voice perception Speech perception

208
210 211

214 219 223 224

15 The social and emotional brain 336

Processing emotions and social cues: Reading faces and reading eyes Processing emotions: A role for somatic responses? Reading minds Antisocial behavior 338 347 351 358

1 1 The speaking brain

Spoken word recognition Semantic memory and the meaning of words Understanding and producing sentences Retrieving spoken words

232
235

239 245 251

16 The developing brain

Structural development of the brain Functional development of the brain: Sensitive periods and innate knowledge? Behavioral genetics Beyond nature versus nurture: Gene-environment interplay References Author index Subject index

364
367 371 377 380

12 The literate brain

Visual word recognition Does understanding text require phonological mediation? Reading aloud: Routes from spelling to sound Spelling and writing Does spelling use the same mechanisms as reading?

260
263 271

272 279 284

387 433 447