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MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL
FROM
THE
RHONE
TO
THE
ALPS.
BY
HENRY
LAWES
LONG,
ESQ.
LONDON:
J.
RODWELL,
46, NEW
1831.
BOND
STREET.
DGA47
LONDON
IBOrSON
AND
:
SAVOY
PALMliR,
PKINTERS,
STREET,
STRAND,
TO
HENRY
L.
WICKHAM,
ESQ.
ONE
OF
THE
AUTHORS
OF
THE
DISSERTATION
UPON
THE
MARCH
ALPS."
OF
HANNIBAL
ACROSS
THE
My
DEAR
WiCKHAM,
the result of
a
I made I
send
in
you
tour
recently
Dauphiny,
with
not
without
in
the
hope that,
you may
as
began
in
believing
with
me.
you,
end
agreeing
Most
truly
yours,
HENRY
LA
WES
LONG.
Lausanne,
June
1st, 1831.
E"m^
INTRODUCTION.
Among
the
many attention
sources
of in its
interest
which
engage
our
passing
economy,
through
foreign
and
country,
neither
political
its
domestic,
its
its natural
curiosities,
more
scenery,
attract
nor
field
sports,
than the the
powerfully
of
the in have
traveller,
sight
places
renowned
events
history
been have have which
arrest
as
scenes
where
The the
"
great
plains
fortresses the
"
where
battles
fought
where
mountain
most
sieges
passes
undertaken
have
traversed,
for such of To district
attention,
which
the
events
the
materials
annals
the
race
are
principally
a
composed.
identical
the the of
have,
laid
of before
map,
to
"
the
us
tread
upon up
to
very
same
ground
mountains
scribed de-
to
"
look
that
hung
over
the
heads
the
warriors
B
of
INTRODUCTION.
whom
to
we
read
"
immeasurably
and tries author
the
interest
test
of
story,
of
at
by
who
severe
the
accuracy
the
records dides
at
it.
Herodotus
Marathon,
Thucyread
Syracuse, and
the
Polybius throughout
the Aufidus,
we are
from Italy,
Alps
to
with
increased
pleasure when
find
the
face of nature,
material
of their
nu-
The
and
taunts
of
"
Grsecorum have
that
;
gamenta"
thrown but satire
"Graecia
the
mendax"
of
been
;
upon
historians
country
is not
always
of
truth
and, with
the but
at
exception of
to
Julius
Caesar, whose
a
rapid
us
masterly sketches
once
country enable
Roman of authors the
recognizeit,the
are more
selves them-
deserving
his
reproach.
and digies, proligible unintel-
Livy, to
is in
a
say
nothing of geography
portents
and
even
notoriously defective
his
;
and
Tacitus,
aifords
us
writer
of
acknowledged lightto
of
accuracy,
insufficient
his
follow
Agricola through
any
conquest
The
Britain
with
degree
of
certainty.
madness
; but
of it is
mankind
still
indulges in
forced
to
warfare
to humiliating
be
are
confess, that
to
the
triumphs which
of
supposed
seldom
;
adorn
the any
page
history,have
produced
beneficial visibly
consequences
INTRODUCTION.
while
the horrors
a
that
at
accompanied them
least,have
must
always,for
at
time
occasioned Modern
tions, na-
incalculable mischief
the conclusion
in the
same
and of
misery.
hostilities, are
usually
to
a
left much
state at the
(except as
their
war.
beginningof
was
ancient the
not
so
When
at
we
stand
upon where
barrow
of the Greeks
Marathon,
occasional
our
looseningof
the
view
fragmentsof
archers, we
were
of
the Persian
arrows
conscious
that
those
aimed
a
not
only againstthe
and
and rights
liberties of
free
independent
arts
cradle
sciences
that their
we
now
enjoy;
the
gallant
time of all
band
from
to
drove
back
tide
of barbarism
same
themselves
is useful
the
rudiments
to
that
honourable
of the
mankind.
world
a
by
the
the
the
march
check
dition con-
would
influenced The
yet
desperate
nomen
attack
of
Hannibal
ad
delendum
orbem
Romanum,
was
liberandumque
5 and to
as
terrarum,"
unsuccessful
us even
affect
the
It
left
Rome
the
sovereignmistress
undisputed
B
INTRODUCTION.
world, which
her
to
our own
she
;
was
allowed
as we are
to
fashion
not
after
taste
our
and,
disposed
which
objectto
derived
language, our
greater portion
her,
the have and
literature, or
of be she
we
laws, the
have
to
from
we
may
be
satisfied
with
course
presumed adopted.
upon
What
our
effect
domestic the
might
habits
been
produced
cannot
institutions, political
be
had
Carthaginian triumphed,
but it is very had
conjectured ;
of the should words
world
in every
been
reversed,
we
we
not,
of
sentence
utter,
these
Roman the
origin.
Under
Italy acquires an
the interest
and upon feature
wars ever
novelty,hardihood
march
most most
conduct
Rome
in
remarkable remarkable
omnium in proaching ap;
of
"
waged,
quse
maxime
memorabile
unquam
if
we
were
and
while
of the
we
acknowledge
African
the
common
a
the
courage is
on
genius
side of that
general, it
parent
of feeling
Rome,
we
of all
Europe,
lean To
with
to
themselves
transactions
INTRODUCTION.
on
the
very of
spot
where
across
they occurred,
the
the
march fail in
Hannibal the
Alps
the
cannot
producing
scenes
most
interest. lively
In
the visiting" is
of this in
march,
two
traveller
"
unusually Savoy,
and unrivalled
a
fortunate
: particulars
he is led and
through the
some
of
Dauphiny
historian
meet at
once
of has
picturesquein
an
Europe,
of with
he
for his In of
guide
merit.
Polybius we
which had every
distinctness the
detail
discovers
soldier, who
understood
"
thoroughly
manoeuvre
forces the
the
traveller, perfectly
in
"
acquainted
event
with
country
which the
he and
describes
took
place
and
accomplished writer,
without
who
condensed
accuracy
the of
materials his
the affecting
narrative.
sent
to
an
Indeed,
had
the
to
original
despatches
come
by
we
Hannibal could
of the in
a
Carthage
found
of
down
us,
hardly have
in the and in in
them
account
leading events
more
campaign arranged
manner. interesting
intelligible
tells
us,
Gibbon
a
that
Polybiusthere
an
is
of fancy. sterility
This
a
historian but
cannot
surely be
true
deemed
fault ;
however
it
may bend
be, and
from is its
however
grave
no
little his
and
style may
his
art
flow, dignified
deficient
in the
narrative of
by
means
addressing
INTRODUCTION,
itself to
our are
imagination.
so
The
events
he
scribes de-
clearlyand
we seem
vividlydepicted,
almost in
to
that in the
in
live of
the
Punic
war,
defiance
fine
"
lines
Lucretius, where
the
poet
exclaims
iii. 844.
Wi^m^
Ad
anteacto
nil tempore
sensimus
segri.
;
Omnia
belli
concussa trepido
tumultu,
Horrida,
111
contremuere
dubioque fuere,utrorum
humanis
Omnibus
asset, terraque
marique. times
of
The which he
and
nearer
an
author the
lives to the
more
he
writes
the history,
into spirit his
likely
narrative,
to
is to enter
to
with
the
communicate
enthusiasm
his
readers.
Polybius
Hannibal been
had
lived
;
but
his
one
generation
were scenes
only
men
after who
actors
he
"
describes, while
Virtus have
his
intimacy
the
with
the
Scipiadseet opened
historian
to
mitis him
sapientiaLseli,"
purest
sources
must
It is
an
possible, perhaps,to
excusable
of
no
tect de-
wards topartiality
illustrious
is the
race
the
Scipios ; but,
during
yet
the
has
if this
case,
writer
centuries
tured ven-
impugn
his
veracity ; while, of
has
to
all the
are
losses that
literature
lament,
none
INTRODUCTION.
7
defective
more
regrettedthan
It is well-known of Hannibal
the
portions of
whom
the
Polybius.
to
all
at
those
all
as
march
a
has
interested, that
to
great controversy
exists
the
precise
the
from thaginian Carthe tween be-
road
through
army
the
;
Alps
and
traversed
by
arisen
of producing impossibility
accordance
us
the
and
accounts
furnished time of
by Polybius
himself
the it
was
Livy.
In
the
Livy
and
additional
that
to
into
which
it
was
has times.
continued
In
the
own
us
the
account
given
army
over
of
the
progress
to
of
Spain
portion
as
of
preceding
the mode
as
passage
of of
Rhone,
presenting no
;
events
worthy effecting
quent subse-
notice particular
passage of that and
but
of
as
the
river,
well
the
dangers
the of
difficulties
experienced by
the
a
reached
with
plains daily
usual un-
Po,
are
described
to
precision
of
a
almost
amounting
The interest
the
minuteness
journal.
had
historian, who
upon
this
dwells
his
with
part of
the
narrative,
journeyed through
of the
track
INTRODUCTION.
self
by
personal investigation of
to
the
was
ties, localithen
as
previous
considered, and
one
recounting- what
is still looked
back
upon,
of
the
most
extraordinary performances
As
a
ever
accomplished.
in
proof
held he
was
of
which
and
Polybius was
how
to
by
whom
his
rival
an
Livy,
much other
preferred as
whose
authority
must
are now
all
writers, of
several
there
names
have
been
very
lost to us,
we
need he
only
is
remark
the the
to
servile Latin
be
manner
in which
"
copied by
It this
author else
in than
some
places so closelyas
translated.
little have
merely
but
would been
at
been
uniformly
a
the
Polybius wrote
the
court
least
century
for
a
before
of
Augustus,
the
whom
more
undertook
his
work,
of
we
required
Greek
refined
;
style than
it is
that
author
discover certainly
dressed up,
but Polybius,
ornamented,
no
amplified ;
taste
very
well
suited,
doubt,
to
of
the
day, but
and
utterly destructive
the confusion has
the
simplicity places
;
of fidelity
original.
been
as
In thus the
many
inextricable
and in
no
produced
celebrated
nibal Han-
part
so
much passage
in
of description
;
the
of the
Alps by
for
no
more
favourable
opportunity
INTRODUCTION.
presenteditself
in its
of
indulginga
fertile
tion imagina-
however,
narrative his
derive
advantage
that
from
Livy's
was
; it shows
Polybius alone
as
for authority
ours.
the from
account,
he
ought
all
to
be
It of
is
Polybius that
are
the
events
the
march
extracted the
same
other
are
in precisely
order loaded
neous extra-
they
many
immensely dilated,
unnecessary
;
and and
remarks
matter
names
above
of affirms well
as
certain the
Gallic
he
as
passed,
to
have
the the
crossed
Alps by
be nei-
Saltus
narrative upon
Taurinus,
of
a
Mont
Genevre,)
Polybius is attempted to
line of
fastened
country
to
which
"
To
show
how
unconsciously
need
an
fall into
exaggeration upon
a
subject of
a
this sort, I
only quote
ardent lover
sentence
from
:
"
justlyadmired
in
author,
of
truth
"
It
was
this
campaign
of
that he
(Bonaparte) proved
The energy which and artillery, which
himself
conducted
worthy
an
rival with
Hannibal. its
army,
cavalry,
paths, ciers gla-
across supplies,
the
Alps, by
and
untried amidst
an
only
and which
the chamois
hunter, born
had
most
as
bred
everlasting snows,
of all others
nature,
as
trodden, gave
desired
to
sion, impreshis
he well
to
spread,of
to superiority
human
"opposition.
Channing's
Character
of Bonaparte.
10
INTRODUCTION.
ther
time,
nor
nor
space,
nor
ter, geographicalcharaccan
common
sense,
unite possibly
it.
No
doubt
Livy imagined
himself
conducting
Hannibal
and that
making
author the and
deficiencies
of
that
; but
he
not, like
ascertained
him
as
a
visited Polybius,
the
mountains
those
and take
names
distances ;
upon
who
of the
guide
the
soon
assurance
he furnishes,will
in
an
find
themselves
entangled
towards
inextricable
labyrinth.
The first
steps
like taken
most
to
rational
explanationof
Deluc,
of of
a
by by
and
a
M.
Geneva,*
who,
in
able illustration
the
theory made
known
him
Melville, founded
wholly
modern
to
solely upon
authorityof Polybius,
ancient
with
by
diligent comparison of
time
and
attending by carefully
distances
which
are
corded re-
with
sufficient
has precision,
at
last
pointedout the only true mode of clearing up the publicationwas question. M. Deluc's almost immediately followed by that of two of the University of Oxford,! who members
*
Histoire
du
Passage
the
des
Alpes
Par
J.
A. Deluc, "c.
Geneve,
1818.
Passage of
the
Alps by
Hannibal.
INTRODUCTION.
1 1
themselves
country
In
the
Rhone
and
the
this excellent
valuable
remarks
of the
Alps, the
to
claims
Little the
St. Bernard
road
so
the
are
distinction
set
of
in
we
being
a manner
of
Hannibal
and fact
so
forth
clear,
of the
that convincing,
we
feel
as
sure
as
do
of
the the
existence intention
to
of
Hannibal
author
a
himself.
It is not
of the
of the
following pages
march
"
touch, except in
very
that
part
of the the
topography Alps
selves them-
which
belongs to
effected
the considering
to
above-mentioned
lications pubmuch
as
have
of the
nearly as
the
to
the
nature
or subject,
purposes
of
required. It history,
that neither
nor even
appears
him, however,
nor
General Oxford
Melville,
authors the the
M.
Deluc,
the
themselves, have
line foot of of
not
established satisfactorily
the
on
march
the been of
tween be-
Rhone
and
Alps ;
cessful suc-
the
narrative
Poly-
bius with
they have
these
adopted through
errors
Dauphiny,
affect their
and
that
subsequent calculations
Wickham,
Ch.
By
Henry
1828.
L.
Esq., and
Oxford.
the
Rev.
late Students
of Ch.
Second
Edition.
12
INTRODUCTION.
passage after
of
the
Alps.
attention
Under
these
impressions,
word in the
close
to
every and
text
of
the
Greek
historian,
examination
aided
by
country,
an
additional
recent
of
the
he
now
offers
the
result
of
his
observations,
fully
shows
convinced
that
the
road
by
to
which
have
he
the
Carthaginian
army
to
general
entrance
ducted con-
his
the
of
the
valley
to
of
the
Little
St. with
Bernard
that
will described
be
admitted
correspond
to
by
Polybius,
character,
as
time,
distance,
and
geographical
and
in
manner
so
close
incontrovertible discussion
as
to
set
this
long
pending
at
rest
for
ever.
PuhHrhed/
hy
"
TA-
C.WaHiPr,
snap.
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL,
When
Hannibal
the
had
reached
the
foot the
of
the
^o\yh.
39,
40.
iii.
Pyrenees
between Po
on
Spanish
Carthage
;
side, half
and the
distance
of
New
plains remaining-
the
was
accomplished
in
but
the
tion, por-
point
of
difficulty,
He
of and had
was
by
before
much
him
the
the
most
formidable
the the
Pyrenees,
worst
the
of
Rhone,
the
Alps
parts
fierce
country
tribes latter into
were
occupied
the
by
the Celts.
is
and
fickle This
of
Transalpine
of
half
three
the
march
divided
by
Polybius
I. of
portions
"
From
in
Emporium
Catalonia)
the of
(Ampurias,
to
on
the
Bay
Rosas,
II.
the
Rhone.
commencement
From
ascent
Rhone the
to
the
of
the
Alps.
14
':*../
%THfi''yArRCH
,
OF
HANNIBAL.
"""
"
"
" "
. "
'"iHl''-Across''the'
Po. Of
these
Alps
to
the
Plains
of
the
divisions forms
it is the
second
pally princi-
subjectof the present investigation.The route from Spain to the is sufficiently Rhone evident ; and the passage
which the of the
Alps
to
has
been
alreadyproved
to
torily satisfacIt
to
a
be that
will,however,
certain order extent,
to connect
examine,
these them
portionsof
with the
section ; and
the passage
in
so
doing, a
remarks
upon
of the
Alps will
the
road
of
Hannibal.
view Rhone
to
the
point
upon
the
thaginian Cartake
the road
across
Pyrenees,
through Languedoc, by
to
which notices
for
they
of
our
vanced ad-
its banks.
The
this
pose, pur-
very
as
scanty.
under
Hannibal
is
sented repre-
at first
some
of apprehension
the
c.
Celts, on country
account
;
of the
difficult nature
of
41.
their the
while
Scipio calculated
would
upon
delayhis
enemies
experiencefrom
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
15
the
same
circumstance, and
barbarous
from
the These
tude multiwere
of those
tribes.
described
by Polybius as
the
occupying
renees
all the
the
country between
Pytract
c.
sr
and
river
Narbo, (Aude,) a
the
modern
department
of
The remaining Pyrenees Orientales.* of the march, separated sentences descriptive from
tli"
"
of interruption
other
stand details,
as
follows
c.
41.
KfXrwv,
rovq
^"
to
^laaafjuvoq, riKe
^i^iove^wv ^vvajmecjv,
Tov
^ap^oviov ireXayogy
Ttjv
'Po^avou
^ia(5a"Jiv.
TTSpl
TOV
TTOTafLOV
KaTa
g.
43.
^iaj3a(nv
o^ov
aTrXriv pvaiv
ayj^ovi^^spwv
TeTTapwv
airkyjav
But
There
of
some a
Hannibal
is another
having, beyond
passage
of
all expectathe
con-
Polybius existing in
in
Poiyb.
shape
tains
fragment,presented
curious
Athenseus, which
the
^^^\^^i^
Gallia,
relating to particulars
certain
Roussillon
country
; he
speaksof
the of in
bourhood neigh-
of
modern divers
several
towns sorts
Elne
and in
Perpignan.
an osseous
Organic
remains
found
breccia,common
Mediterranean.
their way from
placesalong this
fish the
coast
of the made of
Polybiusimaginesthese
the rivers
to
have
(the Tetand
of the
Tech)
in search
their favourite
food, the
roots
Agrostis.
16
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
of
the Celts
by presents,
with the Rhone,
compelled
the
others the
by force, advanced
passage
to the
his forces
towards
of
having
"
Sardinian upon
sea
right.
country
in
And
reaching
of
the
the
the
neighbourhood
prepared
stream, four To
to
river, he
passage,
at
immediately
at
make
his
the
army
the
single
of
having
these and
the
distance
the sea."
must
be
added
:
"
vious, pre-
important extract
eiri
Kai
c.
svTEv^ev /Lirjv
tt^v
tov
'Po^avov
vvv
diaj3a(nvy
38.
nepi
Kcii
yap
p^pr]fxaTi(JTaiy
cia
(jraciovQ
oktio
Piofxaidjv
eTTijuieXCjg,
**
And
of
from the
thence
Rhone,
for M.p.,)
this distance
been
carefully
every
measured
by
the
Romans,
and
marked
eightstadia."
From march
as
these materials
to
we
have
Rhone
no
to
;
trace
the far
our
the banks
we
of the
and
as
Nismes,
meet
with
obstacle
way the
to
progress,
for
the
great
Roman
is perfectly
known
at
from
a
itself stands
distance
to
Emporium, according
*'
the
of
the
Dissertation."
The
remainder
of the distance
to
the Rhone
18 and
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
is noticed
by
Strabo. way
from
The
3.
E/c
eig
TO.
Nf^avcrov^"
^la
Ouyt^vou
kul
Tapa(jK(i)vog
Seo^a
From
vcara
ra
^"C,Tia Ka\ov/j,Eva,
**
Nismes,
to the
warm
through Ugernum
waters
and
Tarasco,
And
iv.
c.
of Sextius."
road
"
again,speakingof
Kai
another
Kottlov.
3.
tyiq
fi^XP*
1^^^
airo
Ovy^pvov,
That
Kai
TapaoKtovog
Koivrj
o^og
rj
^ejLLav(Tov"
**
through the
"
Vocontii
as same
and
as
the
tory terri-
of Cottius,
and
the road
is
far
as
Ugernum
that from
Tarasco,
the
Nismes/' No
to
other
Roman
way
leadingfrom
even
Nismes
it
or
the
Rhone,
exists
in
at
tradition ; Beaucaire
his from
are
must
are
have
once
effected relieved
sage pasall
to
and
as
we
at
doubt
to which
of the two of
placeswe
at the
himself. Polybius
"
He
42.
was
Kara
TTiv
airXriv pvaiv
*'
place
part of the
those
an
islands with
which
the
Rhone
I
most cannot
abounds,
at
explanationin
for the words
which
are
all
concur,
certainly ap-
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
l9
at
to plied by Polybius
the passage
to
Beaiicaire,
passage of
at
in
contradistinction
;
the the
other
for
at
"
Aries
at
bifurcation
are
the
begins,
the passage
Aries there
two
streams,
Kara
there would
have
been
^iirXnv pvaiv,
same
employsthe
Triv /JLEV yap
the Po,
"" c.
le.
irpujTrjv e/c
TTJ^ywv e'^ei
Kara
PY2IN 7rpo(T-
AFIAHN^
tovq
T piya(56\ovg ayopevofxhovg
*'
The
its sources
in
single
two
stream
first,but
it is divided
the
into
branches
in the
country of
Trigaboli."
in the distance
It remains of Beaucaire
to be
shown, that
Emporium there is nothing the inconsistent with nearly 1,600 stadia (200 M.p.)" of Polybius. From Emporium to Nismes there are, as has been alreadystated,
from
"
about
177 Roman
miles ; if to
these the
we
add
15, the
sian
we
number,
according to
Nismes 192
Theodo-
and
Beaucaire,
falls short
:
total of
miles, which
of
the
Polybiandistance by eightmiles
considerable
"
this
is too
a on
comment to offer.
and
remarks
First of the
"
The word
Greek
Trept,
historian
"
here makes
we are
use
;" nearly
an
not,
m.p.,
therefore,to expect
to find
e3:aGt 200
c
20
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
he
employs
real
this word in
he the
the
for
distance
instance,he
the
gives the
from
in
New
manner
Carthage to
"
plainsof
this
New
Carthage to
to
the Iberus
. . .
2,600
1,600
-4,200
the Iberus
Emporium
the
From From
Emporium
the Rhone the
to to
Rhone
1,600 1,400
1 ,200
the
Alps
Across
Alps to
-4,200
8,400
a length of 8,400 stadia Making altogether yet in summing it up he speaksin round num-
numbers,
iii.c. 39.
WOT civai
it calling
Tovg Travraq
"
nearly 9jOOO
Kaivrjg
stadia :"
(TTaoiovg
"K
TToAewc
TTEpi
evvaKKT'^iXiovQ,
"
Secondly
p. 45.
If it should
to closely
still be the
in
200
required to
m.p.,
we
approach more
may
remark
that M.
Deluc,
the calculating
distance
between
Emporium
not
and
Juncaria, (la
main road
Junquera,) does
ancients had
some
follow thinks
and
the
it
more
through Figueras,but
through Peralada
forms
his
;
probablethe
direct line
shorter upon
which
he supposition
computation.
in
Thus, therefore,
Emporium,
there
is
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
21
Beaucaire
that militates
account
givenby Polybius.The
the Roman
by which
passage,
we are
thus determine
of
but
there
is
yet
fourth
"
which Alps,
by Polybius
miles. have
17*5 Roman
one
Out been
of
175
m.p.,
hundred
hitherto
to alwaysassigned
the march
and
above
to this
division of the
must
7*5
M.p.
of
course
march
between
and the passage of the Rhone the place at which In this manner
was
crossed
becomes
we
since to
measure
find it
75
m.p.
down
the stream
"
M. Accordingly, Deluc fixes the spot at Roquemaure ; and in so doing he is aided by the support of all It is not, the subject.* other writers upon that all authorities should however, surprising because the agree so cordially upon this point, confluence with the Isere. absolute distance of 75 m.p., measured
author of of the
upon
"
from
The
anonymous
a
Hannibal's
Passageof
the
the
Alps. By
London,
passage.
"
Member
fixes
1830,"
Ed.
point of
^
^.^^-^
c-^^.^^^,
/^^"
'-^-^
-"---/^
22
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
the
at
Isere
southwards,
; and
Roquemaure
any of
or
disunion
of
mode
one
computing the
of miles
foot of the
Alps,there
175 of
does violence
to the
nothingwhich Polybius.
which the determining of which passed,
5 it is derived
is
There
has been
at place
some
is still another
circumstance
the Rhone
was
notice the
is
ought
of
to
be
taken
from He
words
Polybiusalreadyquoted.
"
of speaking
Hannibal
TTjg
"
OaXarrrig,
Being
distant
a
with
his army
(or camp)
from
the sea,
distance of
has been
This from
distance
wstern
the
mouth arrived
Rhone,
cause be-
Scipiohad
on
there with
his army,
his
voyage
towards
o^ov
TJiuiptDv TETTaptov
days march.
that the
But
as
Spain; and a'^edov four IS supposedto mean does not tell us Polybius
be reckoned
has
not
distance
is to
from
that
part
of the
sea-coast, and
that I know
a
of, assigneda
any
definite
anywhere, lengthfor
upon prove
day'smarch,
calculations founded
are
such
constructions
very
likelyto
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
23
erroneous.
In
uses
another the
same
the he
is
historian
the This
modern town,
town
of says,
he
days' journey
of Clusium
from
Rome." Rome is
Now
the
distance Roman
30
M.
nearly100 miles,which would give upwards of tance disfor a day's journey a common p. for a traveller riding the same horse,
"
from
cannot
a
be
as
of
does really
is
the
apparent.
with
coast
some
is
intended, which
Narbonne,
which
is distant
about
110
m.
miles a-day, strabo. journey of thirty nearlyfour days' and sources which, from the importance of its rein early to have unlikely ages, is not detained had Hannibal from for the
a
short
time
after he
pied occu-
emerged
difficult
is the
country
by
which
sea
"
the
point also
at
mention
made
of the Sardinian
as right
he
proceededon
us
it may,
the
afforded light
by
24
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
to
uuc
the
encampment
of
large force.
la
ou
Sur
eminence
qui
commande
ville,
de Beaucaire,
St. Louis
depart pour la Terre Le Sainte, une qu'on y voit encore. chapelle chateau qui n'existe deja plus, a remplace
celui de Romains
I'antique Ugernum,
; de cette
construit
on
par
les
hauteur
jouit d'une
perspective.Sur le bord du Rhone magnifique bord^e de longues vaste une prairie, regne allees d'ormes de et de platanes, qui servent
promenade."
Here carry
a over
Hannibal
his
lost
no
army,
and
time
in
is kept, which diaryof the operations, until the passage with but few interruptions, of the Alps is completed. The days and
sort
of
nights
in the Poiyb.iii.
C.42.
are
not
when
they are,
The
the Greek
will be found
:
"
inserted
followingarrangement
FIRST
night is
to
be
reckoned
as
ceeding suc-
the upon
1st
day
of the
arrival
of the
army
the
Rhone.
"
day.
;
Preparations
boats
for
crossing are
are
commenced and
2.
of all sorts
collected,
rafts constructed.
Night.
26
XHE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
4.
Day.
*'
"
Hanno
and
position,
themselves gone.
c.
after
43.
**
5.
Night.
"
vvktoq,
The
set
VTTO
Hanno nightbeing the fifth," following the barbarians, out along the river towards about the morning "(i)9ivriv (^(pvXaKrjv^ TTjv
"
watch,"
5th
^=
that is,about
"
A.
m.
concerted pre-
known
his who
approach to Hannibal, the Carthaginians, the all prepared, dashed across were
in the
river Hanno
face
of
the in the
barbarians, while
rear.
fell upon
them
They
soon
took
the passage
of the Rhone
was
C.44,
Night.' eKavrjv
Tarascon,
is
as
**
i^ev
tyiv
vvKTa,
That
night" Hannibal
river.
encamped by
surrounded
a
with
favourable
situation for
army
as
Beaucaire.
6.
Day.
"
Tri
The ^'eiravpiov,
"
next
morn-
Veget. Re
Mil.
The
ancients divided
the
night (from
autumnal
surinaeto
sunsi^;
the
as
watches.
Hannibal
crossed
"
B-hone the
about and
the time
of the of 3
a.
equinox when,
days
nights were
at
watch
would
commence
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
27
of the ing" Hannibal, having intelligence Romans of the Rhone, being at the mouth to despatched500 of his Numidian cavalry make reconnaissance. a were Preparations made for getting the elephants.An as* over also held, at which semby of the troops was the chieftains from the of plains
means
the Po
were
introduced
boasted
cause
who,
by
of
to
"
interpreters,
common
of their
readiness
make
and extolled the againstthe Romans of Italy, to which grandeur and fertility they held
out
promisesof
the
safe and
speedymarch.
he
to
The
who
generalhimself
manifested
next
utmost
ardour, and
dismissed the
hold
themselves
to
march
the
following morning :
After ((To/mivrjg, driven Roman
sent out
avpiov
avaZvyrjg
were
this,the
500
Numidians
a
by
detachment had
ofc
47.
horse,* who
been
to reconnoitre
by Scipio.
some
The
Gaulish
Some
horse
were
troops
appears
Scipiofound
to
at
Polyb. lib,
Marseilles.
a
allusion
to
them
he made the
in
^^^i^-
to uninteresting
EnglishGeogr.
and
reader.
some
It
seems
that when
them Scipioquestioned
Xeyeiv
had
any
thingto
say worth
Africanus, as
father
"
he
calls him
the
Publius."
28
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
7. 7*
*'
Night. ^^J'
was
"
^V
/^aTtt
The it
next
day
after the
assembly,"as
soon
Hannibal posted all his cavalry light, on guard on the side towards the sea, while The the infantry commenced their march. in number, were then elephants, thirty-seven and in the curious manner brought over,
as
c.
46.
which
this
was
contrived
is very
tially circumstan-
c.
47.
by Polybius.With these animals Hannibal and his cavalry, proceeded along the river, forming the rear guard of his army. It has been supposed that he was occupied a
detailed whole
day,or
even
two
is nothing There the Rhone. across elephants is it this conjecture, in Polybius to justify nor have permitted so likelythe general would
prolonged so cavalry,
then
of separation
his
forces.
The
remarkable
for their
and celerity,
whose elephants,
an
hour, would
soon
have
the
across fairly
his
cessary ne-
march
towards
to
Alps.
the
becomes
examine
road
he took
to reach
those
mountains. roads
Three
leading across
the
Alps
into
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
29 quented fre-
Tarascon
and
"
all of them
as
by the Romans,
the time
1.
known
as early
of
for Polybius,
of
he
a
speaksof
them
all.
One
them
takes the
through
by
the
Alp
to
verses
the Genoa. of
modern Tliis
one
Corniche
is
road
by
in
brated cele-
Virgilas
of the Csesar
roads
by
the
poured down
Descendens
upon
legionsof Italy
"
Julius
Aggeribus socer
Alpinisatque
arce
Monoeci
^neid.
vi,
; gener
2.
The
second
and
bears
in
due
a
east
Tarascon,
then,
north
by
Cottian
the
the
Genevre. the
Alps, was
as
frequentedby
The
the Romans,
to
to leading
to
Spain.
this
and
mountain
by
Bonaparte.
3.
The
third
road
kept along
north from
the
left bank
as
of the far
as
Rhone,
the
due
Tarascon,
of the Allobroges territory ; after through them, it traversed the Graian passing into Italyby the valley Alp, and descended inhabited by the Salassi that is, in modern
"
geography,up
the Rhone
as
far
as
the
depart-
so
ment
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBaL,
of the and
Isere,then
into
to the Little
St. Bernard,
thence
Italyby
the
valleyof
had
to
Aosta.*
By
make
one
of these from
Tov
routes
Hannibal
to
Italy; and the words along the river,'* TTora^oi;, irapa in Polybius, which diately immeoccur frequently that it was discover by the road up the Rhone, towards the Graian Alp. Along this road, then, by the side of the
"
his way
Tarascon
river,we
Straho,
*
find Hannibal
who
informs
forward pressing
us
with
It is Strabo
one
passes,
tioned men-
with together
other
"
by
the
are
Alps, are
by Polybius
IloXv[3tOQ
Aiyvcjp ^eV, ti]v
Sid
his words
important.
Btd
Sid ^dkaaaruiy'
are
T"rdprr]ySe, r^u hd
the words of the
of
^Fairwy.
are
If these
to
words
really
farther
and Polybius,
be
to preferred
the whole
we existinghistory,
may
trouble in because
he
seekingfor
is here
the
Alps ; by
the
;
decidedlystated
means
have
gone
country
and
we
by
for
ever
the Cottian
Alp
be
content
to
remain
the whole
narrative
of
the march
with
of Hannibal,
But
completelyat
that Strabo but the
variance
this road.
it is evident of
is not
quoting any
particular passage
roads
bius, Poly-
through
Alps mentioned by that author in dififerent parts of his of ^v ^Avvifiaq dirjXdey, therefore, The interpolation, history.
h
a comment, glossof Strabo's only a parenthetical and not to be considered as quotedfrom Polybius.
own,
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
SI
all
having days in
of the
the
to
placecalled
1^t)Q eiri
the Island."
^e *Avvi(5ag
irofnaafxtvoQ
T^TTapag r]/uLepag
rrfV
c.
49.
koXov-
Island,! or
known,
and
"
Insula
AUobrogum,"
is
of description Polybius's
cVt
it
Ilpo^ye
TTopct
Toy
rrjyeoj
c.
47.
iroiovfievoQ
"
Ti)yiropeiav wc
ttjp fxeaoyaiov
river away from into
Ttjq
EvjOwttj/c.
sea,
"
He
proceededalong the
first towards
the
thus
of
marching Europe."
Rhone,
the midland
I have
never
any
satisfactory explanation
up the the heart of
of this sentence.
Hannibal
marched unquestionably
Europe ;
the
towards
the
east," seems
which
ligible. unintelutterly
usuallyfollows
if
in
we
word
the
TTora^oi/,
rest
6a\c/rrnQ; and
march
can
understand
of the
general quitefrom
to
Spain,
"
Hannibal
the
might safelybe
from the
said
advance and
first
towards
east," then,
away
the crossing
"
Rhone
turning
of of
along the
river
sea,
towards
to
the centre
Europe."
the Rhone
Some below
any
passage
the Durance,
thereby
which
of
reached
it,presents no
"
difficulty.
of
f The
almost
Insula"
is
composed
the whole
of the
of the third
arrondissement five
cantons
ment departfirst
of the
j
aiTondissement
department of
the Drome
and the
32
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
which
its
present
within called north the
condition. the
It
entirely
was
department
Island west, the
Isere, and
Rhone the
to
an
because Isere
the
and
south, and
to
mountains
of the
Grande
Chartreuse
the east, completely insulate it ; and have visited this beautiful of justness distance Roman
an
those who
can
country
vouch
the
appellation.
island is about
one
of
this
miles from
enormous
Tarascon,* which
to be traversed
so
space
in
by
as
Carthaginianarmy days.
short per
time is
Twenty-fivemiles
severe
day
pace
a unquestionably perfectaccordance
march the
a
; but
it is in of
with
usual
Hannibal,
with Italy, the upon upon
who
a
fell like
thunderbolt
not
that rapidity
at
only
Rome,
who
found
Po
almost
;
before
they fancied
the
was
Ebro of
but
excited
ment astonishdis.
who Scipio,
himself
accordingto population,
366,000 souls.
met
*
recent
census,
amounts
to
about
Some
is to be
with The
Isere
be
and
Roquemaure
is
stated between
by
the Oxford
authors
75 precisely
on
miles ; that
Roquemaure
"
their map,
is about 25
"i
The followed He each
some
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
arrival
of Hannibal
some
at
the
island
was
by
found
remarkable brothers
in
occurrences. arms
here
two
against
is not
Celtic
tribe, the
name
of which
givenby Polybius. The Carthaginian general turned this quarrel to his own advantage ; for, by lending his assistance to the elder the younger, he so brother, and dispossessing far gained the good-will of the successful
chieftain,
some as
to
receive
from
him The
in
return
very
important
from
favours. the
Cartha^
a
giniansobtained
fresh and found of shoes
barbarian grateful
arms
"
which
use
of infinite
of
higherpartsof
service while
the mountains
them,
was,
that
they were
the march
c
49.
called
^la
rvjv
through the country of the Gauls, ^laKei/ULhoig AllobrogeS evXa^tJg TTpog Trjv
"
Tropnav,
he
own
of the army with his protectedthe rear ing forces, coveringtheir march, and renderwhile their passage they neared secure,
ascent
the main
of the
Alps.
But,
''As
one
who bent
on
his
journey bates
at
noon,
Though
on
speed/'
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
35
SO
must
we
pause
deration consi-
had from
halted,
whom
barbarians
much
slender
yet extracted
we Polybius,
sufficient
but
lightto
we
elucidate
find
these two
pointsfully ;
assist
us
may
to something"
in the research.
Out
of the three
VICE
expressions,
k
Trpog
r)V
TT]v
Nriaov, aXov/Jiivriv
irpoQ
a^iKOfXEvoq,
avT^y to
and
kv KaToXafiCjv
seems
indicate Even
the that
arrival
of
in the island.
might have
the
x^P^
understood
meaning
;
place
Hannibal
as
had
reached
but
if it must
applied to
the
in
the
out
progress
country.
transaction
as
advanced the
collect
barbarians
both
from
being
described
occurring
out withand
immediatelyafter
notice
from army of any
the four
days'march,
above
"
"
subsequentmovement, quoted
That
the sentence
was
the
the
under
great apprehensionsat
prospect
the
of the march
Gauls, called
Allobroges occupiedthe
Insula, which
D
36
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
bore the
name
Allobrogum ; and was looking forward with dismay march through the country of the
of the Insula
it does that not probable Allobroges, appear further advanced than the mere they were had just of that people. The confines army grounds for its apprehensions.We shall find^ of the eve on as we proceed,that they were entering a very difficult country, and the as mies eneAllobrogesare invariably represented usingevery effort to obstruct the march, until Hannibal completelyrouted them and sacked their city. Some writers have posed supthat these barbarians were a friendly
conciliated
nothing in
he
never
says
it
even
be inferred
not
from
any
of his
: expressions
if
they were
Allobroges, they must have been the distinct people who occupied the adjoiningcountry
on
the south
bank
of the
Isere,and these
were
the
*
Segalauni.*
The
have Segalamiimight,perhaps,
hank their of the natural
had
some
lands
seem
on
the north
to
form
similar tribes.
are description
recorded
as
belongingto by
other Gallic
Three
instances
:
"
mentioned
at this moment
I. The
Allobrogesoccupied certain
(b. g. i. 11.)
lands
on
the
right
bank
of the Rhone,
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
If
we
cast
our
eyes
once
on
any
map
name
of France
which
bore
the the
phiny, we
Valence,
perceive that
three
of
the Rhone
flows
on
its western
side, while
the
eastern
angle at
limits
Somewhere
the
of this
triangle,at
above-mentioned have and
one
towns,
fallen in with
their
a
anonymous
friends ;
there, during
for
few
days' halt,prepared
and
more
themselves
ulterior
hazardous
are
operations.These
for the purpose
extended
limits
allowed of those
of
the allaying
the
alarms
ev
who, arguingfrom
Hannibal In my
own
words
avry,
require
Insula.
to
be
within positively
I
the
the
mind,
have
was
not
slightest
of these
doubt
the
scene
operations. Its
the Rhone
was
from
is
m.
the
place where
almost it will be
passed
or exactly,
800 exactly,
stadia, 100
its
p., and
shown with
that the
II. Axona
III.
The
Rhemi
establishment
north
of tlie
(Aisne.) (b. g.
The
ii. 6.)
as represented having possessions
Menapii
are
beyond
the Rhine,
(b. g.
iv.
4.)
38
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL,
of
the
Alps.
are
Hannibal
is
peoplewho
and
can
not evidently
Allobroges,
than the Se"
therefore whom
be
no
other
was
of g-alauni,
Valence
the
capital ; at
away from
the
Alps.
as
Hannibal's discover
subsequent proceedingswe
we
follow Hannibal
him has
on now
his march.
to
proceed on
who
his march,
and and
to
at
this
point,all
the
doubts, difficulties,
undertake
disputes of
trace
all writers
his progress,
have
their
origin.
The
Roman
historian, who
the
to
leads the
makes
northward,
the the
now
sharply
pursue
this
round
towards
to
south-east,
and
their way
is followed
Cottian
Alp.
In
he
by
several
to
attempts
him
and south
along
Mont
the
of the
the
Isere
to
the
Genevre,
to
Mont
Cenis. almost
Others,
again,abandoning Livy,have
from
a
proved,
marched above
its
Polybiusalone,
way
that
Hannibal Rhone
considerable with
along the
confluence the
"
then, crossing
form Les
Insula,"
its eastern
side, in the
neighbourhoodof
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
39
Echelles, found
Little St. Bernard the ancient historian
on copiously
his way
to
the
valleyof
of
the
by
the town
Chambery,
all,the
has
dite eru-
Lemincum.
of the have
Above
who
Manchester,
written all
question, has
considered
astonished
those
who
the
the
foot
of
the
by an Alps
by subject, inexplicable
at
Martigny,
could
from
thence The
across
the Great
only
roads
by
the
which the
possibly have
his and
near position
gained
Alp
the
confluence
Isere
the I. The
Rhone,
road
are
the
following:
by
which
one
Livy
which
conducts
any Roman
the
Carthaginians,was
traveller in the have chosen.
days
It led
of
Livy
from
probably
up the
valleyof
into the the
the Druna,
(Drome,)
the
country of
thence
valleyof
The
now
Caturiges.
of the
at the
Saltus Taurinus,
Alpis
the
we
Cottia,
sources
the
Mont
Genevre,
is at road
Durance. head
By
this
CaesarB.o.i. Tacit.
of five the
to Italy
oppose
Helvetii,* and
Fa-
xiv.
bins Valens
*
from
the Rhine
leading a
the
division
Caesar
was
opposed by
"
the Centrones,
of the
Garoceli, and
the
the
Caturiges
of high valleys
Isere, the
Arc,
Durance.
These
mountaineers
40
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
of Vitellius's
against Otho.
to
Constan-
tine, too,
on
empire, and
It
seems
change
to
of
most
have the
frequented passage
side had
of
other
more
the Italian
direct
communication
with
the Cottian
Alp.
There Valence
is
no
road the
of any south
magnitude
of the of
from
along
to
bank
Isere,
the
owing
II. into
the
nature impracticable
country.
But,
Upon
the the
reaching
the
Drac,
which
falls
Isere
leads up
to
the
Alp.
From
this
road,
another up the
the banks
of the Drac
river,called tributary
inhabited
is
the Romanche,
;
by
the
Uceni
and
this
road, which
given
in the Theodosian
Table, reaches
would between
have easily
communicated
and and
by
; and
the Col
de la Vanoise
de Galibier
were
the Arc
the
wars
by
the Col
between
Durance. in the
Both
these Cols
the time
frequented duringthe
XIV. Caesar
Alps, in
of Louis
(See
treats
"
of
Marshall
these
people
4}i
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
writers
the
who
have
adopted
his
duct opinion,con-
and so ablyhas this Carthaginians ; that to disputeit may theory been supported, less, like presumption. Neverthealmost appear
after it
having*been
a
completeconvert
of time,
some
to
myself for
upon
was
length
the
not
recent
me
reflection
has subject
allowed
to
perceiveit
added
to
without
difficulties, which,
examination of the
some
further
me
to
its
abandonment,
new
and,
thorough
which
of
me
its accuracy.
to be
road
the
rightone
is,
road
from
the
Allobroges ;
ancient
and
thence, by
and Gratianopolis,
to
still more
Cularo,
the
entrance at Mont
of the
valleyof
Meillan.
limine
not
be open is not
are we
objectedto
in the mentioned
to
that
it
was
time
the their
so so
Romans,
for
it
in
Itineraries ; ostensible
a
but line
imagine
that
of
communication,
along
magnificenta
and find
containing so antique valley, in which and celebrated we now a city, could a origin, great road of unknown
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
43
ever
have
been
in
destitute the
of
way ?
up It
and
tainly cer-
down
it, even
seems
earliest ages
that
no
strange
road
municated com-
through
while reached Chat. been Meillan
some
it is upon
record
5 but
Italy by
and
the
Alps,
north,
du
Graian
Mont
have Mont
but
of
c.
sort
B.
road
**
"
existed Consule
there
about
40
Planco,'' the
from the
of which
are
collected
10th
and
11th
books
of Cicero's
Letters.
at
Lucius army
in
Munatius
Plancus,
a
the
head
of
an
Gaul,
He up
dates
was
letter to
Cicero
from
Cularo.* both
on
cating evidentlycommunithe
a
and
the west
he had
its union
was
bridge across
; and
Isere, near
the
east
the Rhone be
he
to expecting
joined by
at
the
forces
was
of Decimus
at
Brutus, who,
in
to
that
time,
and
Piedmont,
pass the
Graian
the
true
valleyof
that this
the
is
Isere, by way
of Gre"
It is
ex
date
commonly written,
is
a clearly
Civa.for
rone,
"
finibus
which Allobrogum,"
mistake
Culaxone"
44
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
towards have
the
Alps,)
from
I the
conceive
Hannibal
to ;
marched
cityof
or
Valence
not
now,
whether
along a
Roman
for
highway
we
are
is of little consequence,
as we
not
were,
between
"
the
a
Pyrenees and
measured
and
road
by
thus Polybius
c.
narrative
"
50.
7ro^^v%uq irapa
rov
elg OKTaKoaiovq
tt^oq
rag' AXtthq
"
avapoXrjg,
ten
Hannibal, after
Rhone
to
days,having marched
of 800
stadia,
towards here
sums
Alps."
up the time and
the banks of on passedby Hannibal to his striking from the Rhone previous away the Alps. The 800 that river towards stadia, the distance between 100 M. or p., is exactly Tarascon
seem
and be
Valence
and
the
ten
days
may
to
composed
added the
of the
to
four
days'march
we
from
Tarascon,
six
which his
as assign safely
period of
the other
stay among
of
the
barbarians. friendly
common
In
with
readers
bius, Polythat
had
this distance
stadia
north
ought
with
to
be measured
better
reason
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
45
than
because
of
it
happens to
be mentioned
after Insula.
Hannibal's
arrival at the
is
notion
and
two
reasons
out ;
of
many-
allege againstit
second
perhaps
may be
the
superfluous.
the There first is
to
place,the thing
no
cannot
he
any
100
with possibility,
a
result,
the
produce
Those Cottian
as
march
of
along
the
river, afterHannibal's
who carry
and
upon
Isere.
to
the
Alp,
the from
;
explain
dently eviof
Trapa
tov
TrorajuLov
meaning
or
the
Isere, the
are
Drac,
the
Romanche,
Arc,
the
forcinga meaning
which
words,
those
they
will
not
admit Graian
while
point towards
the
Alp,
allow
the distance
turn
Hannibal
about
are
forty miles
satisfied
near
only
his
the
with the
approaching it again
Mont
100
Aouste,
du
M.
Chat.
p.
"
If the
along
the river"
at
are
measured
after Hannibal's
because
arrival the
the
sula, In-
wherever
to
they terminate,
75
m.
Alps ought
begin ;
p.
having already
46
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
been
calculated
between
Roquemaure
of
and
m.
the
p.)
the
of
passage be the
Alps
and
completed. Alps, we
of
a
instead
a
meeting with
the
meet
with which
battle,
pletely com-
capture
at variance
town,
is
with
who Polybius,
of two
places
these
from
events
at
days'march
we
the foot
a
Alps.
at
For
shall find
that and
halt
a
of
day
the
the of
capturedtown,
two
subsequent
among the said town
march
days,
are
reckoned
eighteendays counted
and
tween be;
the
plainsof
the Po
out
of
which
to the
allotted
of the
Alps.
the
was
It follows,
therefore, that
and
fight with
march
Allobroges,
at the
days'
of the
before
the
Alps.
100
m. p.
I miles
might add,
a
that
"
in ten
days
"
ten
day only
slow
would
have and
so
been
narily extraordi-
marching,
utterlyunlike
ought
to
p. 115.
The
Oxford
authors
of
are
of
opinion that
we
read
Tit ^^^-
eighteeninstead
the
fifteen
days,in Polyhius;
the But
because
Liv.
with fight
the
and Allobroges,
events.
first ascent
Alps, are
translates die
contemporaneous
Livy,
who
Polybius, supports
the
reading, "Quinto
decimo
superatis.'' alpibus
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
#7
the
rest
of
Hannibal's
itself it is sufficient to of
an erroneous
interpretation.
the
banks
of the
Rhone,
the
in
its confluence
"
with
Isere,
that Hannibal,
after ten
to
ed days,having march-
along
the
the
river
the
irpog
rwv
distance
of
''
stadia,"began the
ascent
"
Tag'^AXireig
'AXttewv
*'
Alps"
the
not
of the
ried car-
Alps"
"
the first
to
day'smarch
banks the
would
have
him hostile
of the
Isere, and
the
of territory
by
the stream
now
of that become
It will progress
watch
to
with
increased
and vigilance,
nature
in what
degree the
of the country
correspondswith
bius. found If treated
too
recorded march
by Polyshould
must
be be
detail,it
as topography is new with Hannibal's connected having operations, never yet been compared with the description the author, convinced given in history ; while
remembered
that
of his
to theory, pleadsguilty
the
the remark,
"
To We
observations
grow
more
we
ourselves
do make.
for partial
The
town
of
Valence, situated
close upon
48
the
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
left bank
of
remote
the
Rhone,
as
laysclahn
any
scarce
to
an
antiquityas
France,
but
almost
town
a
in
it has
preserved
single
the
:
walls
one
of
the
Soeurs
a
Grises
these
marbles, probably
male and
children.
fragment
stand
''
an
arch
men
"
is
one
discoverable,
clad apparently other
an
two
weeds
of
peace^" the
war:
in joining ad-
the
"
paludamentum"
arch
is
seen
of the
under
a
figure of
soldier
seated, and
No
name Notice
his shield. on leaning forward which the might have recorded inscription of the Segalauniwas to be heard of; but
de as
D'Auvillc
chez
obscrvcs,
les
"
Ptolemee
entre
indiquant
Vienne
ne
590^^^'^' T^alentia
des
aucun
Segalauni,
les
Allohroges et
doute
sur
Tricastin%
laisse
de
ce
I'emplacement
Valence the
from
100
m.
peuple."
The agrees distance
so
of
Tarascon
p.
"
with closely
the river," of
on
that
along to it objection
raised
;
while
in front of the Insula," being position last town before arrivingin that country,
distant
not
five miles
from
the
Port
de
50
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
traverses
continued
by two curious winding hollows in its surface, resemblingthe deserted beds of rivers. The soil of this plain is a gravelly taining conclay, upper largeboulders, of which the old battlemented constructed.
but
walls The
and
turrets
of
Valence
are
country
At
of
is far from
ful, beauti-
well
cultivated,and
silk.
town
of quantities
the
oppositethe
upon the
Romans,
considerable
body
of water and
deep
and
steep banks
of sand
Between
us
two
we
roads, both
have of
"
to
the
Insula,"
The
tov
no
conducting in difficulty
stadia,
the
100
deciding.
M.
distance
-irorafxov
800
p.,
Tra^a
along
we
river,"
at
must
that
away
the
Rhone,
and,
quently, conse-
take which
not
river,but encourages
obvious The about
and
presentinga
the
and
direct
approach towards
Valence Hannibal
Alps.
is
distance
ten
between
Romans
miles. the
would, therefore,
reach easily
in
cost
a
Peage
de
Pizan9on from
;
lence Va-
short
day's march
to
and
it
probably
over
him
but
carry
the
Isere.
river is here
about
yards
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
51
across.
Plancus, in
than
once
his
of
letters his
to
Cicero,
more
boasts
expedition in
Ep. ad
the Isere in a single throwing a bridge across maximo, cic. day. Itaque in Isara, flumine die quod in finibus est Allobrogum,ponte uno
"
l-'^i*.
facto, exercitum
traduxi." which
at
season
a. was
d.
quartum
of this
Idus
of river
Maii
at
This
in the month
May,
are
the waters
^"^
their greatest
us
height. Polybiusdoes
means
not
inform
by
to
what
the
Carthaginians
:
contrived
argue
no
but
we
may
from
they
encountered of
obstacle,and
"
shore opposite
the
Insula"
was
in
safety.
therefore,that Hannibal
of territory the Al'*
It
at
Romans,
entered
upon
the dreaded
jam Tit. lobroges"gens,'* as Livy calls them, xxi, ferior infama inde nulla gallica aut gente opibus mitted ;" from whom, when they at last subto
Li
v.
31.
the
the did
Roman
time
not
arms,
one
hundred
a
years
after
of
Hannibal,
to
Fabius the
Maximus honourable
must
disdain
receive
of Allobrogicus.They appellation
either
have have
been
from
to
remarkable the
for
their
or ferocity,
beginning declared
Hannibal, for
of apprehensions
their
determination
oppose
began
had
to
entertain
it entered
before
now
Hannibal
invaded fairly
Insula.^
2
52
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
Polyb.in.
avrov
rrepiireaeiv
kiv^vvoiq.
And
it
happened
that
very
great dangers
on
inform
ecog
that,
Iv
ot Kara
fiev
yap
roig
ETrtTrcooic
vcjav,
airUyovro
tCjv
TTavreQ
avrCjv
TO.
jjLQpog -nyejULOveg
AXXo^e
rovg
f^jiyijjv,/idv Tovg
TrapaTTc/HTrovTag
*'
linreig^e^ioreg, ra
(5apf3apovg.
as were they (the Carthaginians)
As
long
in the
plains,all
the
chieftains aloof
of
the
Allo-
from
them,
who
the barbarians
For
time, therefore,
meet
we
are
not
we
to
expect
observe
to
any
mountains far
an
5 and
shall
in the
sequelhow
open
country
found
to
be
Leaving
Romans
the
old
us,
walls
we
and
battlements
to
a
of vated ele-
behind
ascend the
wide
plain,across
direct,and
and
which
on
road,
broad,
lined
each
side with
for
mulberry
seven
walnut
as
trees,
stretches
an arrow
about
miles
of Les the
as straight
towards
the Poste
Fauris.
On
looking back, by
the
the
view
to
westward
is bounded
distant
hazy
;
on
hills of the
our
on right,
Viverais the
Rhone
the Isere, a
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
53
fine
course
range
from
of
limestone
mountains
to
takes We
south-west
north-east. the
see
their low
form
boundary of
and
the
that
direction, riven
and of
splitinto
gorges,
en
most
fantastic
one
picturesque
at
which,
Pont
Royans, is
A
a
favourite
range
resort
of the Parisian
artists.
low
of
undulating sand-hills,
from
forming
Les north. have
a
semicircular
sweep the
Romans towards
the
to
Fauris, bounds
These
plain
the
plain,
in in
sterile aspect ;
They
which,
at
its
after
the famous
acre
I'Ermitage ;
for
a
and
there
an
of its
slopesells
the
to
thousand
on
guineas.
These
hills confine
by approaching obligethe
and
to
Les
Fauris, they
to
road
close
continue
under
it emerges
their
sandstone
and
until slopes
the stream
of the
Furand.
We
pass
mere
this torrent,
rivulet,
a
considerable years
ago,
river, by
carried
ford.
a
Its waters,
stone
some
away
which bridge,
has not
yet been
replaced.
54
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
The
ruins
of the
an
ancient
chateau, which
are seen
once
defended
passage,
upon
the
heightsto
forts
are
Many
over
old
dilapidated
once
country
turbulent
and
tenanted
of
no
by
the
powerful
AllobroHannibal.
we
gian
chieftains
the
the
days
of
Risingfrom
ourselves last ; the left ; houses
of the
a
Furand,
again
plain similar
more
to to
sand-hills
are now
retire and
they
are
more
wooded,
their
many
visible
on
sides.
On
the
the plainthrough which right, in a bed too deep to admit of reaches mountains
to
the of
foot
of
the
lofty limestone
we
Sassenage,which
are
to
perceivewe
direction.
approaching in
road
oblique
in
a
The
again
for
some
continues
males, until it
sand-hills,having formed
sweep,
again come
above
in contact
it.
the
From
the terrace
near
north,
a
the chateau
we
mand com-
magnificent prospect
the town, and traversed
east.
plainon
our
each
side
to
of
by
front
road, lies
In
is
expanded
us
all the
valley intermediate
between
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
55
and
so
the
near
Sassenagemountains
that
these
are
now
are
all their
romantic
crevices
and are distinguishable, lighted up perfectly The to great advantage by an evening sun.
most
remarkable before
to
are,
one
towards
and
Pont another
en
Royans
mentioned,
the east.
see
at
Iseron, further
Between
the two,
of
overhanging
ancient Castle of the old the the infant
ravine, we
of
the ruins
the
Beauvoir,
once
the residence
Dauphins ; where,
heir of Humbert
to
some
in 1385,
Andre,
last of
and
timely un-
II., the
doubtful of
Dauphins, came
end.
The
little inn
St. Marcellin, of
Le
petitParis, enjoysthe by
de
distinction
en
being
:"
noticed the
the old
**
Hermite
Provence
talkative
landlord, Vhistorien
to
des been
vignes good
mine
have
hostess exterior
the
mising unpro-
by supplying
After
versing tra-
her
guests with
another
we
excellent
plain upon
meet
St. quitting
cellin, Marare
again
to
the Isere
sand-hills,and
to
see :
near
a
enough
mixture
the
at
it
deep
channel of
their base
their
cultivation We
and
Spanish
chesnut.
\ the
descend
mill of Tesche
plainnow
assumes
very
56
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
luxuriant north
aspect, and
with
of
is well
protectedon
are
the
pletely com-
by
here
covered In the
the
middle
the
rich
We now commence extremityLalbenc. the hills, which ascent an winding between undulate with agreeably, and are covered brushwood.
plain,
the
situated.
Isere
its which
plain.
we
with
at
we no
the
sand-hills
on
and
great distance
may observe several
from
the
right of
of limestone
road,
low
blocks
appearing in
as
beino'
'to
detached
on
the
of
that
rock
we
the
other
Just
before and
commence a
the of
of these
hills,
about
quarter
hour
before
we
ing reachcome
of
Morette, monde,"
fine bold
"boutdu
presenting
dinary extraor-
magnificentprospect.
lies fertility below
stand
plain of
us
the
hills
on
which
to
we
forming
the fine
semicircular
at
bend
the
north,
are
connected
their eastern
mountains of
extremity with
the Grande
in front
craggy
Chartreuse,
of
our us
which
rise
diately immeThose
to the
eastward.
nearer
of
Sassenage on
rightare
and
more
58
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
d'usage
town
d'ecrire
Moirenc."
This
is the
first
since Roman No
road
Valence leaving*
that is noticed
of
by
any
writer,
or
in any
can
the
Itinera-
ries. of
a
doubt, however,
be
and periods,
very
now
Along
seated
towns
Marcellin,
have wrecks
so
Vinay, Lalbenc,
existed
numerous
Tullins,
while destined
and
immemorially ;
old
the
of
castles,
of the of
for
the
defence this
as
or
plunder
the
line principal
are
almost
an
at the
extremity
from
an
plains.
ourselves
In less than
hour
it we
immediately under
the Isere
to
abrupt
ing extend-
escarpment
from upon the
on
of limestone upon
rocks, which
Voreppe
Rhone,
the well
east
completelyshut
with
a
up wall
sula" In-
natural
of precipices,
described
Kai
by Polybiusas
Kai cvat/j,poXay
iii. 49.
^9V
^vcnrpoaoca
hard
one
c^eoov,
tog
kireiVf aTTpoGira,
**
Mountains
of
approach
say,
in
and
ascent,
and
almost,
are
might
the
inaccessible."
the
These
mountains,
heart
of
which, rocks,
at
great
elevation,
waterfalls
encircled of the
by
most
forests^ and
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
59
terrific
grandeur, stands
Chartreuse.
Brunon rigido
the famous
monastery
of the Grande
"
Del
segreta stanza."
Those
awful
mountain
solitudes the
where haunt
the of
imaginationof Gray
the
*'
discovered
of Spirit
the Fell."
"
Non
leve
Nativa
Numen
nam
certe
fluenta
Prsesentiorem
Per
Deum conspicimus
juga,
noctem."
Clivosque preeruptos,sonantes
Inter aquas,
nemorumque
the foot
as
of
these
have
were
described the
to
an
These
plains traversed
the
must escort
by
the
at
of been
have
nibal people took leave of Hanhim farther ; by venturing to accompany into the narrow valley of the Isere, they of their might have compromised the security march homewards. Moirans may
"
be
about
Romans two thirty-two miles from easy St. Marcellin, which march. is exactly days' half-way,was perhaps the spot, then some halted the army at which Allobrogian village, during the night.
60
The
**
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
chieftains*
in
of
the
Allobroges
offered
no
Kara
^"^oc,
detail,"had
to
hitherto
of the
terrupt in-
Carthaginians ;
combined
at
a
but
we
now
collecting together a
a projecting
to
be made
on,
certain
part
of
the
farther
where
the nature
of the
ground
afforded
them
tages. advanpeculiar
50.
ttjv
oiKciav
aTnyXXayijcav^
oi
rjyeij.ovegy Kaipovg
Kar
"
Ikuvov
ro
roTTOvg,
oi
rovg
Tr^pi
rov
Avvipav
avayKtjv
Troieicr^ai ri}vavaj3o\riv.
But
when back
to
turned
country,
and
nibal's Han-
people began
to
approach
the difficult
the chieftains of the Allobroges, then places, collecting togethera sufficient number, pre-
Polyb. ii.
These
Allobrogianchieftains
clans.
on
were
heads
^'
15.
of separate themselves
*
We
find
the
CisalpineGauls
in
prided
retain,
the
same
number
of the
of followers
Gauls of
ch!xi'ii. CJsesar
in like
tells the
manner
general ;
Tacitus
in all
the sort of is
that clanship
existed
to
Germany.
barbarous
*'
It
justlyremarked
derived
from
by Gibbon,
an
that
many
the
of those feudal
refeiTed by institutions,
are
easy
solution
to
system,
the
Celtic
barians.' bar-
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
6l
absolutely necessary
to
for
nibal's Han-
make
passage."
as we
We these found
to
shall
discover,
proceed,
TOTToi
where
to
and ^ucr^wjotat
;
^vKaipoi
are
be
in the that
mean
time,
words
it is
kut
only
necessary
remark,
one
the
dvajKr^v imply
which alone This the would
the
but
singlepass,
could the the
through
if
march
possiblybe
case an
be clearly
got into
side
valley of
the
**
Isere,
on
southern
;
of
Insula," by Voreppe
at
whereas,
from
the range,
northern
extremityof
Mont the alike
du
the
the
Chat, the
Montague
each offer
de
I'Epine,and
much
Aiguebellette,
in
roads
point
the
words
one
of
and practicability,
Kar
consequently
to inapplicable
are dvayKTiv
any
of
them. To the
proceed
"
us,
enemy
must
but
intentions
they
great injury to
selves themseverely
no
less
dTpaTi^yog
rtjv
Kap-^rjdoviwv,
on
irpOKare^ovaiv
ot
(5ap(5apoi rovg
tvKaipovg
roTrovg,
62
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
avTog
/LLev
"7r"/X"V".
"
But
general
the
of
the
Carthaginians,
were
knowing pying
himself
It is in the
barbarians
pre-occu-
advantageous positions,remained
in front of the
encamped
heights."
for
of
a ment mo-
hesitate
this
raig
place
bal's Hanniat
so
encampment, Moirans,
or
was vTrepf^oXaig,
vicinity. It heights"
ostensible
of the
no a
is
in clearly ''just
of the
and
so
of
the
Grande
for in
can
Chartreuse,
a
tion situaenemy
halt, while
were
the
plans
the
advance
that investigated,
upon
doubt
be entertained
too
come
**
subject.Voreppe
entrance
is almost
much
within the
the
of of
the
npog
valleyto
Tuig
under
definition
"
in v7rep(3o\aigy
front stands
of," or
upon
uncommon a
before
the
rounded sur-
heights."
with and of
an
Moirans
a
knoll,
by
a
plain of
of water
fertility,
its side, the for
stream
flowing by
presents every
army.
convenience
stay
Hannibal,
at
c.
therefore, remained
himself
camped en-
Moirans.
rivag
twv
50.
^e 7r^O"7r"^i//"
Ka^rjyov/uievtJV avToig
tljv vir^vav
raXarwv, X^P^^^^^
tI(i)Vkirivoiav, kcli
ttjv
KaTa(TKe\pa(T^ai ttiv
oXrjv vTro^eaiv,
"
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
63
"
But
he sent
as
forward
some
of the
Gauls,
of and
who
acted
their
guides,for
of
the purpose
resolution
the enemy,
whole These
design."
were
the
Gauls
from the
the
army,
sane
of plains ^
and
are
Tit- ^^^'
XXI.
32.
the
Po, who
accompanied
as
"
described
by Livy
baud es."
multum
lingua moribusque
have
abhorrent
of
They
must
had with
some
means
the
for Allobroges,
mission
wv
succeeded.
to o
arpa-
Polyb.
iii.
TTfyogy
Kai
rag
Ttipovcn
Tiva
Tovg
vvKvag
Hg
7rapaKHfxavr}v Trjv
iroXiv
npog
TavTr}v
VTTo^etnv
(TvveaTricFaro apfxoCofiivog^
TToa^ivTOiavTrjv.
''
These
men
having
executed
what
was
that the enjoined,the general, informed the guarded and watched carefully enemy day, but retired every night to positions every
an
adjacent town,
of action." army
meet
this mode
design, determined
in
following
Putting his
**
motion,
7rpor)yev efKjtavwg^
we
come
in
face of the
to
a
valley, up
gain an
insight
and
considerable
distance.
The
detached
64
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
abrupt mountain
of La of
which
a
Buiserade, about
forms
from
most
the gates
Grenoble,
the the
and
cuous conspi-
object on
richness mountains. with
in
left.
At
all
walls
precipitous
the
of Fontanils, village of
its
enormous
masses
limestone, fallen
We
of
a
former up the
ages
from
the
cliffs above.
look
ravine
;
formed
by
in the middle
a
of which
peaked with
manner
pinnacleof
;
rock
remarkable ascends
the
through
the
this opening
road
to
the
of Sapey, village
one
of the We
approaches to
now
Grande
treuse. Charunder
arrive
immediately
the mountain the
in round
meet
the La this
above
foot
Winding
we so
of the
stupendous crag,
the road very
to
both
a
country and
as
remarkable
change
The
demand lies
particularnotice.
the
on entirely
of the
angle formed
Chartreuse
by
the southern
point of
flows
mountains,
A
diately imme-
at their base.
of the
wreck
from
on
and
rubbish
rocks
above,
extends Trorche
La
Buiserade
the east
of Grenoble.
66
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
across
Mont
and
lobroges;
we
town"
they retired
to
But Moirans
c.
return
Hannibal,
who
from
advanced
raig
openly.'* Sutr^wptatc,jxaK^av
ov T(ov
50.
J^^^ (TVVEyyL"jag
TToXe/uicov KarecTTpaTOTre^evae,
"
And
having
drawn
at
no
near
to
the difficult
enemy."
Whatever
in
security
we
may Moirans
is
have
as
rienced expe-
fixingupon
certaintywith
a
the
which La
taking up
Buiserade Buiserade
**
at position
Buiserade.
At
"the
is
"
great
distance"
from
either
town
the or advantageouspositions," We derive additiona occupiedby the enemy. from evidence the succeeding sentence the
:
"
c.
50.
Tiic ^"
Kaieiv,
TO
vvKTog
avvTo^ag kiriyzvofikvriq,
nXeiov
juiapog
Trig
ra
irvpa
avTOV
jLiev
Tovg
aT^va
dvva/metog
KaTeXiTTE*
^iriX^e TO.
TOvg KaTE(T")(B
viro
tu)V
But
the
followingnight,having
com-
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
67
left the
manded
the
fires to
his
be
greater part of
caused the most
forces
men
having
proper
themselves
he passed through the narrow lightly, places and seized the positions serted deduringthe night, by the enemy ; the barbarians having, to custom, retired to the city." according From these words it would appear that the
not to have descended were Allobroges likely from the heights until after they had observed the fires burning in Hannibal's and camp, were were persuadedthe Carthaginians quietly settled for the night. The positionof the
encampment
from the
these
must
therefore
have La the
been
visible
is
heights. Now,
situation upon
Buiserade
only
along
"the
without
being
Isere
the
slopebetween
described Mont La that
"
above
heights of
Rachais.
Every
Buiserade, is completely
by
as
lofty mountain,
that
to
already mentioned
No
exact
overhanging
can
doubt, then,
exist It
as was
La
some
Hannibal
passing
it
now
and
difficult as
ascended
Mont
Rachais,
F
and
2
took
68
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
while of the heightsof the Bastille, possession in their the Allobroges were sleeping securely
town
below.
was
Where
this town
in
The
exact
position
its earliest
never
days it bore
been
that
positively
it stood and
ascertained.
on
certain the
town
mere
the
right
of
Isere ;
still on
the
quarter
the modern
that side
suburb,
ancient of
one
the
most
always portion of
street
is
city.
It is
composed
and
name
long
between
one
the
river
the
rock, bearing at
other is the
of
La
Perri^re
de
a
between
the two
Montee
Montis,) by which
of Mont
so
road It is
Rachais.
and
one
Chalemont,"
confined
inconvenient
situation,
the other and the
a
pressedon by
*'
side
by
the river, on
to
exposed
could
inundations have La
a
eboulemens,"
ever
been
ancient
Cularo.
Tronche,
much
more
eastward, presents
is
the
plainand the talus of the mountains, chosen for the situation by the citizens of Grenoble
of their villas
:
here, too, is
stream,
and
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
69
the
here
is
the
"
Peage
de
la Tronche,"*
has
ferryacross
the the
the
Isere,which
The
existed from
earliest times.
modern
and
city,with
La
exceptionof
It
Perriere,
of
is situated
entirelyon
was
left bank
that
the
river.
the
first
enlarged on
and
to
side
by
Emperors
road from
Diocletian
Rome
Maximian.
The
and
over
Vienne
are
still
or
record.
That
Roman,
gate, was
NN. IMP.
thus worded
C^S. FELIX. CAIVS.
AVRELIVS.
AVG.
DIOET.
CLETIANVS.
IMP. C^S. FELIX.
PIVS.
MARCVS. INVICTVS. CVM. SVA.
INVICTVS.
AVRELIVS. AVG.
MAXIMIANVS.
MVRIS. CVLARO-
PIVS.
NENSIBVS.
INTERIORIBVS.
^DIFICIIS.
PRO-
VIDENTIA.
PORTAM. IIVNT.
*
"
INSTITVTIS.
ATQVE.
lOVIAM.
VOCARI.
PERFECTIS. IVSSE-
ROMANAM.
Ce
peage
ancienneinent appartenait
un
L'Emlenipire. 16 Fevrier
mit trans-
pereur
Henri, par
a
acte
date
de de
Genes, du
1312, le ceda
a
Hiigues,Baron
II. fit cession
Faucigny,qui le
dota de la Troncbe.
Humbert
Lorsque Humbert
du
peage
le convent
de
Je
de
Montfleury
nomme
avec
marcband
de
Moirans,
et
ses
Roux. droits de
un
Elles
lui decbarg^rent
a
successeurs
peage, livre de
condition
un
qu'on leur
livre de
donnerait
cbaque annee
"
poivreet
M.
gingembre."
Hisioire
de
Grenoble, par
Pilot, p. 282.
70
The
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
over inscription
tlie
same
"
Vienne,
or
culean Her-
gate, was
J^iennensem The Porta
the
substituting* only
loviam. the
was
Herculeam
for Homanam
Romana,
which
long
retained
of corrupt appellation
Porte
Traine,
in 1591, when the city was larged enpulled down by the famous Constable Lesdiguieres, the hero of Dauphiny. The Porta Viennensis that the year 1804, when existed as lately as also was sacrificed. The road from Rome by
Genevre
;
entered
that
Grenoble
at
the
Romana
we
from
by
of
which
have
travelled
leaving
in
Moirans, descendingMont
the
convent
Rachais
front
of
Sainte
Marie-d'en-haut,
near
the
the
town
present
Bois, and
the
by the
the
Viennensis.
century the
name
Emperor
into
seat
altered
of made
Cularo it the
seem
of
a
Gratianopolis, It bishoprick.
circumstance
of
almost
from
the
bishoprick being established on the right of Diocletian bank of the Isere,as if the city than a mere looked upon as nothing more was suburb.* But the most important benefits
*
"
La
de paroisse
St.
Laurent, comme
du
la
plusancienne piimaute.
sur
de
Son
droit de
encore
la revolution
"
avait
le pas
celui des
Id. eglises."
p. 13.
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
71
hands brated cele-
received of the
by
man
Grenoble
Constable first
provided for the defence of the cityby building the fort of the Bastille, below with the town he connected which by
two
walls ;
in
a
these, divergingfrom
the
fort,
of
descend Mont
zigzag direction
to
on
each
side
Rachais
the of
a
river Greek
"
of style old
the walls
now
gateway,
road
;
blocked
up,
the
Vienne
but
this entrance
watched
by
of Rabot.*
this
cliffs, we
have been
by
formerly
would
an
carried
along
It
be tedious
and
attempt
of diguieres Les-
enumeration
at
of the various
in
Grenoble, and
of
our
hood. neighbourare
Two
to
not
them,
however,
of
portance im-
present inquiry,and
to
be
omitted. from
man. an
Grenoble than
a even
The the
victim
to
most
The
Isere,which
traverses
impetuous Drac,
*
which
rolled anciently
of
Fort
Rabot
1532.
was
Lesdiguieres,
iu the year
7^
under several
verse
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL,
the
western
ramparts, committed,
recorded such
in by history
on
occasions prose,
to the
both
as
and
tremendous
havoc
to
give rise
**
prophecy of
Draco devorabunt
Serpenset
of
urbem,"
translation
Lo
Serpeinet
Grenoblo
lo
Dragon
en
Mettron
savon.''
Isere
and
is
now
more
confined
than
by
handsome
one
is not
ninety or
Time,
yards
had
in
in
breadth. the
labour,
of Les-
vain, before
days
the
fury of he who effectually It was the Drac. completed this great undertaking,and by carryingthe in a new torrent channel, fortified by powerful attempted to diguieres,
dams, threw
town, that it
now
controul
it to such
distance
from
the
oppositeLa opening
Rachais.
**
the
'*
cliffs of
Mont
II y avait," says M.
ce
Pilot,p. 218,
dans appelle les actes Malum au passetum, qui appartenait La de Saint Martin. grande route chapitre traversait encore a cette 6poque la hauteur de Du de la Tronche, il n'y avait cote Rabot.
au
pied de
rocher
un
passage
74
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
I. Cularo
stood
on
the
near,
bank riglit La
to
of
the
or
Tronche.
La
road
it from
Buis-
along
the
the
Isere, Rabot,
Marie-
passed along*Mont
descended
near
of
d'en-haut, and
on
along
as
declivity
de la
the
other
far
the
Peage
of the
as
Isere
were
unrestrained
and
they
of
by
of
dams safe
quays,
prevented
even
the the
any
path, perhaps
Mont
of the
passetum^ below
That the state
two
Rachais.
plainat
streams
on
the
fluence con-
furious
would
any
attempt
turn
the
part of
Carthaginians to
Rachais
we Lastly,
the
positionsof
tille the Bas-
by crossingthe
find the
rivers.
position of
considered, both
Marshal
as
by Lesdiguieresand
of the utmost
by
Soult,
one
importance,
commanding
We
the passage.
in
left Hannibal
possessionof
army
at
position ;
rade
at
one
his
"
La
end
at
of the
difficult
near
j" places
Allobroges
It is now
the
other
La of
Tronche.
Polybius.
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
75
51. kTn-y"vojxivnQy
oi
c
Ov
viuepag
rag
julv o-pyag
Tr]q
kiri^oXriQ.
This
on,
being done,
the
come
and
the
happened,refrained at first from an attack." have been very The town" must adjacent for the the near advantageous positions,"
*' "
AUobroges to have gone well without as difficulty, of their discerningfrom took that place
Such The
is La
to
as
it and
to
from allowed
rences occur-
it
below upon
heights.
Tronche
elevation
be about be of
1,200
it would
in accomplished easily
half
an
hour.
One
du
the
or
the
Mont
Chat,
*'
other
pass
in
that
part of the
town,
ther whe-
Insula,"
is the distance
of the
Chamb^ry, (Lemincum,)or Bourget,from of the pass. The the summit AUobroges could in from their positions have got down scarcely
the
evening,before
to
it would in the
have
been
time
for them
Mcra
re-ascend
TCLvray
Tovg
morning.
to twv
^i
^ewpovvrsgy
v7rotvyi(i)V c^ 51.
tov
ttXtj^oc Kai
juaKpwg
vovTog,
*'
Tag
e^eKXri'^rjcrav ^va'ywpiag,
(TVfxpai-
numerous
76
beasts
of
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
burden the
and
throug-h
difficult
they were encouraged by protractedly, to attack the line of march.'* opportunity broke When the Carthaginianarmy
from
up
the
encampment
to
at
La
**
Buiserade, they
with the
toilsome
would march
wind
shaggy
Rabot.
the
heights by
towards
Fort
first have
a a
appeared to
La line of
the AlloTronche.
descent
of sight
and
weak
extended
baggage-
along a narrow struggling feet on of 150 200 or path,with a precipice offered too their right, tempting an opportunity
mules,
horses,
to
be have
resisted been
by
the
might
the
farther
ceiving perfrom
that
if Hannibal attack
own
heightsto
towards
them, he could
avoid
falling upon
also
soon
his
the
precipices ;
and
we
shall for
withheld
awhile
to
5^^
generalfrom Carthaginian
assistance of his
/cat
ing hasten-
men.
TovTOV
TTiGovruiv
^l
rtjv
Kara
ttXhcj
vtto
fisprj wpoatwv
oi"ra"c
av^ptov'
Kap^t}'
vjg
VTTO
ru)V
tottwv^
^ovliov, Kai
twv /j^uXiara
'tTrTrwv
Kai
rwv
virotvyiwv'
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
77
ttjq
ovarjQ
yap
ov
fiovov
Kai
(TTtvrjQ
Kai
Tpa-^aag
airo
irpotj-
aWa j3oXrjQ,
KCLi
Kpr^imviodovg,iravroq
Kara e(j)epeTO tljv
Kivyifxaroq
iracrrig
rapay^tg
Kprjfxvwv ofnocre
Toig
"
TToXXa (fiOpTLOig,
rwv
vrroZvyuov.
attack upon the
This
march,) and
many
having charged in
of the
and
on
thaginians, Car-
beasts of
account
burden, took
of the
enemy,
place ;
as
not
so
much
from
was
the
not
nature
of
narrow
the
ground,
and
for the
road
only
that upon so rough, but also precipitous, of and each disturbance, many agitation every with their loads, the beasts of burden, together
were
carried
down
the
Kara
precipices.'^
TrXetw
was we ia,^pv9 are
to
made
in
many
placesat
that the themselves
;
time,
it becomes
apparent
extended ginians Cartha-
Allobroges along
that
; and
must
have of the
the
left
is, between
the
Carthaginians
in many
and
Hannibal
by charging them
force them
account
(rreva
"
the
we
"
pass
words
ra
(JTSvrig ^vcr^Mpiai
all
Nothing impliesthe
any arduous
ascent
73
descent. would mountain with
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
in
the
to
Mont
du
as
Chat
severe
they
a
encounter
as
its elevation
anj
to
be met
us
in the
that
the wounded
to greatly
c,
upon
this
occasion
added
the confusion.
kul
51.
ovce
Etc
CL
jSXettwv Avvif3ag,
ota^uyoudi rov
(rvWoyi^Ofjievog, wr;
e(JTi
Toig
kivcvvov
(T(OTr]pia,tov irpoKara
rag
v7r"pj3o\ag, lopfxrjcreTrapa-
Hannibal
even
observing this,
be
that there
for those
no
would
and
who taking the men during perish, rushed night had seized upon the heights, the assistance of those who
were
the
to
prosecuting
that
Hannibal heightsof the Bastille, of every thing have been an eye-witness well placed to prepassed ; but although vent the the enemy from of
no
gaining a commanding
use
to
his
own
men
at
least
thousand
feet above
him
It
was
therefore, for
charge down
Oif
51.
iroXXol yevofiivov,
TO
rwv
aTTwXiroK^fxiMv
tov
\vvTO, ^la
iroieia^ai rrjv
Kai
i^lwv* o yap
fcara
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
79
rriv
TTOpeiav
enemy
indeed the of
making
not
fewer
his
also
"
for
on
the
tumult sides
along
was
increased shock of
both
by
the
the
above-mentioned
troops."
of a the brink on partiesscuffling sufferers both likely to be equally are precipice Two from ever impulseof a third party, with whatit might be meant wards tointention friendly is one only. The whole of this scene of the the nature in perfect keeping with Rachais. ground upon Mont 'Ettci ^" TOVQ tHjv AWofSplyojv 51. iJ,ev irXUffTovg the
c.
cnreKreivs,
tovq
^e
oiKuav'
Xoiirovg
tots,
TpEipa/uLevog rjvayKacre
^rj to
julev
stl
kg ij"vy^iv
TTOfievov
Kai
ttiv
TrepiXei
fxoXig
ce
irXri'^og rwv
nnrwv
^irivveTag TaXaiTTuypiog
AvTog ^va^^wpiag,
tov
(Tvva^poKJag ocrovg
TrXeiaTovg ek r^^vvaTO
Trjv
kiv^vvov,
ttiv
7rpo"TEJ3aXe TTpog
opfxr\v
"
iroXiv,"$
v^
fTTOirjo-avro
oiiroXEfjiioi,
when he had killed the greaterpart of rest,
pelled com-
But
the
country,
beasts of
laboriously
80
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
the
men
he
could the
after
towm
the from
battle,pushed forward
which the enemy
had
towards made
c.
their
sally."
^"
51.
KaraXa|3wv
"KK\r]^r)vai npOQ
TroXeivg. ek
avT(v,
to
Travrag
rag
^e
te
tovtov
(tweJ^t}
twv Kai
^pr/al^wv
to
Trpog
to
wpog
jlieXXov.
Kai
TrapavTiKa
f
jjlIv yap
Kai twv
EKOfxioaTO afxa
TovTOig
Kai
7r\r]^og'iTnrwv
virotvyiiov
Eig
EaXioKOTiiiv av^ptjv'
(TITOV Kai
""
TO
JHeWoV
Ca-^E p.EV
^pEjUfHaTlO
^E
(TVVE^OV,
ETTl
7]fXEpaiC EVTTOpiav'
TO
"j"6f3ov EipyaaaTO
avaj3oXaig.
TOig
Eirjg, irpog
rwv
to
prj ToXfxavclvtm
Tcng
pa^iiogEyyEip^iv
"
jurjcEva
wapaKEipEViov
Having found it nearlyempty, owing to cour, having been ordered forth for sucevery man
he and from made himself
master
of the useful
town
this circumstance
both
many
for
things
the
present and
a
future, for he
of
immediately recovered
and beasts
of
number of
men
horses had
for
corn
burden, and
who
;
been future
and
capturedtogetherwith
use,
them
and,
of
he
obtained
or
an
abundance
three
days'consumption;
terror
none
above
into of
the
natives who
those
dwelt
ascent
82:
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
settingabout
a
the
ture capto
manner
so
similar
Grenoble,
was
at
the time
when
this
occurred, 1589,
of the
League.
Pilot, p.
204.
opposed to that at Voiron, near some meeting of Royalists douze cents Moirans, S'y rendit avec sous hommes, pretexte d'y maintenir le bon
**
ordre
"
son
dessein
etait de La
tenter
ensuite
24
au
un
sur entreprise
Grenoble.
nuit du
la
f25
Novembre il envoy
a
s'etant avanc6
a jusqu'
Buiserade,
de St. Les
le
Bar capitaine
du
Cote
Martin, troupes
seulement
et
ne
lui-meme
le suivit de
pr^s.
tour
rencontrerent
en
point d'obstacles,
la de paterreur
approchant de
saisies d'une
et nique, cependant elles reprirent courage, arriverent etre au sans pied de la aper9ues maison les attendait I'ami du geolier," ou (the who had been bribed,) Concierge des prisons,
*'
elles descendirent
dans
la
rue
St. Laurent
par
le moyen We the
"c. d'echelles,"
here
find
of vicinity
Moirans
Buiserade
then
and halting,
unknown to the duringthe night, along the Cote de St. Martin, passing enemy, Mont Fort Rabot. and ascending Rachais, near
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
B$
but when
to
upon
turn
Mont up
French
general descended
the
help of ladders, admitted into the town and was by a traitor. of Lesdiguieres The details of this enterprise add blance might possibly something to the resemin the : they might be found, perhaps, of his lifeby his secretaryVidel ; but in history
default of any
not
the
rightby
extract
from
that
account
book, which
of the
is
old
be
a
uninteresting.
fin de le mieux noble Gre-
Le
dessein
et
reconnu,
couvrir,
sans
de
pouvoir s'approcherde
de la
donner de la
il convoque deffiance,
a
les
mesme
Estats
province
toutes
Voyron,
cens
et
au a
hommes
sont
avi
Moyranc.
pour
choses
prestes
fort de
em-
Cornillon,
les passages
avoir
pour
pescher Grenoble
a sa
cavalerie de mettre
pied a
par dessus
le costau.
ces
Tentreprises que
apperceus
de
ayant passe
le costau,
etre
par
le
de corps-de-guarde
sur
la tour
six plantent
descendent designee,
dans
34
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
Polybiusgivesus days
halt
Trjv
no
regularaccount
of
of tlie
between army
among
the
departure
the
from the
in
of its six days' position tribe of Gauls, irpog friendly front of the
Nr)(rov,"
island,"and
the it
capture of the
may be
town
of the
Allobroges ;
but
in
the
cupied presumed that this interval ocfairly about eightdays ; and an arrangement perfectly following manner appears
consistent and
with
:
"
the
distance
between
Valence
Grenoble
Time.
Days.
1
.
M.
p.
The
army
moves
from
.
Valence
.
to
the
.
Peage
.
de
.
^
"
Pizan(^on
2. 3.
4.
11
Passage of
Advance
Advance launi
to to
the Isere.
"
The
"
Insula
.
'^
is entered
.
"
)
.15
St. Marcellin
Morginnmn (Moirans.)
leave of
.
Here
the
Segareturn
take
the
and Carthaginians,
. . .
to Valence*
15
5 and
6.
Hannibal
halts
sent
at
Moirans,
to
while
guidesare
7. Advance
forward the
"
reconnoitre
Allobroges
La
Buiserade
14
of heights
Fight with
town
"
the
"
Cularo
Tronche,
near
Grenoble
56
It is
that possible
with
the
Scgalauni,to
avoid
any
hostile
home-
rencontre
the
Allobrogesduring
their
march
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
85
We march
are
are
now
to
enter
upon
portionof
tlie
in
which
the
days, with
their events,
enumerated. They will distinctly from the capbe found to amount to eighteen, ture of the town of the Allobroges to the the plains arrival of the Carthaginians of on very the Po. Out
of
the
eighteen, fifteen
We from
are
of
the
are
the
ava(5o\ri
rwv
'AXTTfwv, the
out to
a
first ascent
of the
Alps ;"
and
of
these three
repose
avTov
days, the
in the
Troirjaauevog
first was
allotted
halt and
aev ovv
capturedtown.
rriv
Tote
KCLi
f.^^J^' TrapeupoXriv,
111. c.
52.
jLiiav eTTijiXHvag
*'
Then,
and
indeed,
remained
having
one
there
made
his
set
day, he again
at
the worth
Cularo,
it
take
into
the
situation
Grenoble.*
got
across
the
Isere
near
Moirans
; and
beingunencumbered might
*
with
have
made
Valence
alongthe
left bank
Sassenage mountains.
present many
The
town
museum
its environs
and interesting
contains
a
to delightful objects
the traveller.
fine
and
good
of natural
history. The
neighbourhood abounds
in
and picturesque
S6
from
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL,
the
heightsof
visited
the
Bastille
is
singularly
Maude,
magnificent. My
v^ho had declared
seen
companion,
every
Mr.
part
of
Switzerland,
it unrivalled that
by
any Three
thing he
had
in
country.
verge valleyscon-
at this
point; for
from
a
the
Isere, by changing
westerly north-
its
course
to a south-easterly
direction,may
while
a
be
said
to
form
two,
the Drac,
in front
coming
of us,
from
third
remarkable
curious appearance
of the insulated
eminences,
that
washed
away,
rise
on
plain.
The
the
every
west, in
undiminished between
;
occupy left
a
thing
the while
and
the
bank
of the Drac
the
south-east
ern south-
long snowy
from the
sierra of
side of the
extends until it
right bank
in
luxuriant
such found
as
and landscapes,
various and
objects of curiosity,
animals of all sorts,
in and
Alps.
The
or
"
monastery
of the Grande
the
Caves,
well worth
as one
The visiting.
which latter,
are
reckoned
of the
"
seven
curious. really
"
The
epigram
de bien ;
Merveilles
Soit dans Vous
etes
a
dont
on
dlt
soit dans
la prose
peu
plusque rien,
n'etes
Mais,
dire
vrai,vous
pas
grande chose
I"
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
87
the Mont
seems
to
unite
with
at the
the
of glaciers
of
Blanc, which,
fillsup form. The side of view
distance the
thirty leagues,
its
the head
of
valleywith
solitary
of the
Alpine
it
range
on
the south
the vale
of Gresivaudan
is
particularly
because interesting,
at
what completelyexplains
first is not
very
not
apparent
namely, why
rwv
does Polybius
*'
placethe ava(3oXr}
or
"
''AXttsmv,
the entrance,"
first ascent
we
of
the
Alps,"
among
at
Voreppe.
mountains,
At
Voreppe,
and
enter
plunge
narrow
the
the conduct
valley
to
Isere, which
summit
for among
a
will the
to
us
almost seek
of
Alps.
the
We
may
"
guide
the march
various
of
who
no
have
two
written works
on
the
Hannibal, for
are
the
subject. The
to
culty diffiarise
in
from the
there
precise spot
the
on
Alps,which,
from
self-evidence
can position,
immediately recognized
"
The
banks far
whole
country, from
almost
of the
and
RhSie,
is
mountainous,
the
of the
as
Alps.
nected conitself,
it is with
of
the
88
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
Grande be
Chartreuse,
a
can
without
impropriety
as designated
portionof
"
The the
tract
Of
homd
out
mountains, which
shiningAlps
Branch
stupendous into
chaos
we
and
amid
at
this which of
ment precisemocommence
said
not
to
the
ascent
the
Alps
immediately
to
distinguishable.
The their
**
Alps
name
"
which the
*'
are
supposed
" "
derive Rhetic
"
from
Celtic
Alp," or
Alv,"
signifying Albus,"
snowy
of its various
white,''' are,
the properlyspeaking,
range
depende initself,
ramifications.
from
This
range
we
clearlydiscern
on
the of
us,
Bastille,
as we
stretchingalong
ascend The
mass
the the
right
Isere
the
valleyof
from
Grenoble.
on
Chartreuse,
distinct the the vale
snowy in
the the
from
Alps.
but
and also
We
travel
the
of Gresitains moun-
vaudan
;
along
as
base
yet have
turned
among
them,
know
commenced
from
was
their
ascent. at
We
Polybius, that
the town
Grenoble
bal) Hanni-
Grenoble (if
we are
capturedby
advanced
still two
we
days' march
have
from
the
that dis-
90 the very
foot
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
of
the
heights of
Fort
Barraux
"
remarkahle
accompanied position, geographical pect by such changes in the state and asof the country, as to require particular
We
are
now
at the
we
end
of
of Gresivaudan.
ter encoun-
Mont snowy
valleyleadingthrough Alps
to be
the real
ceases
themselves.
The
Isere hereabouts
man seems
to
have
drawn
of
France
Savoy.
from
The
fortresses
assembled other of
are
here,
once
frowning
are
defiance
not
at each
all quarters,
unworthy
Meillan
remark.
now a
Saint
Joire
ruins.
and
Mont
heap
a
of
Les
Marches,
a
in risingfinely
bold
is become position,
residence. private
et
Belle-
combe,
once
the
"clavis
custodia Barraux
regni
alone,
is still side
mains re-
Fort Henri
IV.,
the
kept
up
and
garrisoned. On
at
other
see
of the
Isere,
of
Pontcharra,
a
we
the
Avalon,
the
hunting
the
seat
of the
old
Dauphins,
of Hugh birthplace
de Wells, of
Bishop
John of
of
Lincoln,
chancellor
King
England.
Above of the
all,Grignan, the
"
residence patrimonial
Chevalier
sans
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
peur sake
et
sans
deserves reproche,"
of
the fine
prospect it commands,
the
of its hero.
Fortune, by casting
upon
very
have
of
destined
honour.
cradle
is
for
the
post
His
memory
but
worshipped throughout
has
Daunot
phiny ;
been universal
room,
sufficient to
castle from
the The
destruction
however,
born
in which
have
been
the
pencillingon
few lines Amefell at the
walls
place of pilgrimage.
there,
a
Among
traced dee
memoranda
of the who
unfortunate
soon
after
are Algiers,
without
interest.
From
terrace
of
a
the old
courtyard of Grignan, we
at
have lower
near
splendidprospect, beginning
extremity of
the vale
across
the
Grenoble,
to
sweeping
Barraux,
Fort
and
along
valleytowards
is laid down
Chambery.
in
some
It is there
that singular,
a
of road, apparently
Buissiere
seem,
to
under of the
more
bank
road,
or
at
least
nothing
than
92
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
merest
lane, exists
it that
one
in that
was
direction
stillless
ages, and
runs
is likely
there
was
in former
before drained
the
as
low
much
as
country
it
now
is.
immediatelyunder
raux,
the
heights of
the hills Meillan
the
'*
Bar-
which
it forms
at
once
road
and
to ascend to
the
Fort,
of
we
by
way
have
and
associated
the
and
two
changes
country above
mentioned,
to
its distance,which
begins
Grenoble,
be
about
days' march
induce
near us
from
it is sufficient to
we
to
that conjecture
must
be at
is
or cessary ne-
the
to
ava(3oXr}.To
have
recourse
ascertain
to
this,it
the distances
is the
given
by Polybius.
it
If La
Buissiere
avajSoX^,
Taras-
ought to
be
I. First, 1400
con.
stadia,175
m.
p.
from
II. from
nearly1200 Secondly,
the of plains by these Buissiere the Po.
stadia,150
m.
p.
Tried La
as
tests, and
may
not
found
ing. want-
be
set reasonably
down
sought for.
stadia,or
Out been
of
1^5
Roman
miles, from
hundred between
Tarascon. miles
have
already exhausted
:
Tarascon
and
Valence
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
93
ought to be 75 miles. of computing distances Two modes in this country : one by the prevail established by government ; the posts, as
other,
We
more
between
Valence
and
La
Biiissiere
common,
by
both. between
"
lieues du
pays."
"
First,there
are
Valence
at
and
common
Cha-
pereillan161 postes,
rate
which
the
of 5
m.
p.
to the
m.
p.
But
Buis-
7^
left,and
three
the
may
safelyrefer
to the
the
miles
of practice
post distances.
are
*'
Secondly, there
Fort
"
between
du
;
"
Valence
and These
Barraux
are
SI
lieues
vague
pays."
sometimes
lieues"
*'
rather
they
made
du
"
are
fortes," sometimes
petites." I
a
constant
inquiriesas
and
"
to
what three
"lieue
pays" was,
that it
that it
was was
received
explanations
de
"
d' Italic
and
in
an
that
it
was
much
as
man
could
hour.
messenger
on
foot, despatched
by
some
gentlemen at
to
Crest
told
(Drome)
me
with
commission the
Grenoble,
he had
and
formed perSt.
four
distance
between
du
Romans pays,
Marcellin, four
hours.
lieues walked
in easily
Having
by
the
side
of
this
94 for
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
man
some
time, I
exceed
other
am
certain
his
ordinaryper hour.
pace
From
did not
and this,
3|
Englishmiles
in
observations
the distances, 3h
as a
English miles
a
may
fair average
for
lieue du pays
pays.
rate, the 21
and
lieues
du
between
Valence
Fort
Barraux,
would mile
miles ;
deducting
Fort
the
Buis-
Barraux, and
adding
to convert
m.
miles,
them
necessary
augmentation
miles, we
have
77J
p.,
which
not
very
from materially,
the
Poly-
distance. Whatever
as
II.
uncertainty we
the
may
ou
rience expe-
to
ava(5oXrj
the Graian the
Th)v
''AXttcwv
the
Gallic under
side
none
of
as
Alp,
of
near
we
labour of
to
commencement
the
plainson
The rock
the of
Italian
side
the
mountains.
of village
Donas, very
the
the
authors ingenious
of
of the
the
most
remarkable
the
whole
march.
At
Donas,
so
the
places valley
that
a
the Doria
Baltea
contracts
much,
to
must originally
have
had
and
force
for have
itself.
Ancient
modern
tentates po-
contributed
road for
and
enlarge a
We
have
an
opportunity of comparing
the
works
of Au-
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
95 of
gustus with
The who rium arch work rock have
has
those been
of
cut
the
away
Duke
Savoy.
a
by
shaped a portionof
form of
a
it into
in the
and pilaster,
into Roman
extendingacross
smooth of
The
and chisel,
left
dern mo-
uprightand
system
a
wall ; but
the
shaggy
and
aspect
to
the from
more
recent
improvements.
pass,
we seem
Emerging
at
once
this
extricated
the
Alps,and
town
enter
upon
of plains
Italy. The
distance
a
of
great
as our
Donas,
and
place noticed
suit
it
a
station
to
in the
commence
it may Itineraries,
purpose
the
from
calculation of the
of
the ascent
heights
M. P.
of Fort
at La
Buissiere.
Eporedia(Ivrea)to Vitriciura (Veires) Augusta prsetoria (Aosta) Arebrigium (Pre St. Didier)
From Artolica
21
25 25
(La Tuille)
St. Bernard) (Little
6 6 83
AlpisGraia
11
.
9 10 16 16 62
Darantasia Ad
(Salins)
Publicanos
(L'Hopital)
?)
Mantala(
145
96
We
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
have Ivrea
here
and
at
or m.
distance
of
145
m.
p.
tween be-
Mantala, which
near p.
is
supposed
the add tance disthat is
to
have
been
St. Pierre
mnst
d'Albigny:
and
from
these
145
we
deduct
Ivrea
and
and
Donas,
Mantala
La
Buissiere, which
greater, thus
La Buissiere
making
to
146
or
147
from
the
of Italy. plains
The
and
difference between
these measurements
the
Polyhi an
distances
and
is, an
excess
tween bea
Tarascon
La
Buissiere,and
Buissiere
and
de-
falcationbetween
Such
a
La may
Donas.
result
the
we
from the
be
first distance
"
he
speakspositivelyyikioi
"
175
miles,
next
ing mean-
distance J'ull
but
"
of the
he
says,
^laKOGiovQ y^iXiovg
p.
nearly 1,200
we
stadia,
; and
in
this
need
not
expect
the whole
are
distance.
ments measure-
letter of
the
M.
p.
From
Tarascon
to
La
Buissiere,under
Fort 175
Barraux
full.
From
La
Buissiere
to
Donas
. .
.150
nearly.
With with
these
distances
thus
determined, and
we
the
undeviatingconcurrence
have
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
March Po
at
of
Hannibal
from
Grenoble
in
to
the
of plains
the text
the
Donas, arranged
days accordingto
of
Polybius.
Time.
Day.
L
Distance.
paV
avdiQ
one
day"
2.
Grenoble.
"he
set
Cularo
(Grenoble)
forth
ojpjLia,
to
again."
the
vances Ad-
to
La
Buis-
Lumbin,
where
now
'siere,
M. P.
the distance, is
3. Advance
to
established.
22
Chapereillan.
of the
(The
4.
ascent
Alps
is begun.)
in
For but
some
time
he
safety ,*n
etc
KivhvyovQ
But
now
on
the
fourth day, he
'*
again irepl
6i yap
hiodoy dwelt
"
oiKovvreq.
"
For the
the
people
"
who
round
about
pass"
the
out
La
Buisad
siere
Centrones
to meet
Publicanos
him
under
the
semblance
of/J"j^'^"P
32
friendship.
Halt
5.
at
Freterive. ad Publicanos
"
Advance
short
to
L'Hopital
"
day'smarch.
The
Halt
and
parleywith
divided
river
the Centrones.
lobrogesand
Conflans,
TToXvV
or
Centrones
at
by the L'Hopital,
-xpovov
Arly.
"He
fxev
a
rjvXaPeLTO.
hesitated
long while."
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL, Distance.
99
M. P.
Day
Brought forward
6. After
32
that he could gain nothing reflecting he accepted and continued hostages, by delay,
the march
as
in company
with
"/.
some
~
of the Centrones
guides.
Advance
to B
ul.Maui'i"i" orgintrum,
1^
two
the secotiaaay,
8.
theyreach Aiiimtt; Ay
kcll
/t
6i ffvyaOpOLfrdeyrec Tzpocipi^^evoi,
avc,
52.
dvTwv.
"
The
above-mentioned
ing collectpeople,
ginians,) and pursuing, together, (theCarthaset them, as they were upon and pregoing through a certain difficult cipitous ravine/' Here
^'^
*
struction. de-
Hannibal,
scale
c.
to obliged
the rest
53.
baggage, marching
rdvTa
night, passedthe
oXi]Ty
T^Q
vvKTt TO
defile.
iv hiiiQ
pij"xa
"
jioXiq e^ejjirj-
^(apadpaQ.
the
While
that part of
army,
during
the
whole
night, with
ravine."
difficulty got
throughthe
9.
^l^vvaTaioq
c.
53.
Ze ^lavvaaq
"
eic
tuq
vTrepjooXdc.
he reached the of the very
The
next
day
highestpart
"
Alps
tle Lit78
H
havinggainedthe
St.
*
(of the
Note,
p. 109.
100
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
Day.
Distance.
M. P.
Brought forward
c.
78
....
53.
10 "
11.
dvTov
yfiepuQ
"
Trpoaefietve.
He
there
encamped, and
was
remained
for
two
There days."^^^*
of
snow
a good already
deal
c.
upon
ti]v
the
higher parts,^id
"
"
54.
rd avvdiTTeiv it
was
as
ahout
the time
of the setting
Pleiades."
c.
^'^^
54.
12.
ry
Kara^dtreioQ.
"
The
next
day, breaking up
he commenced
campment, en-
the descent."
Proceed
an
to
impedimentin
^^^
prevented any
. .
further advance
g^
55^
He
encamped
near
the
precipice."
on
13.
Repairsof enough
of
a
the road
carried
one
actively
"
was
effected in
the army
part of
gg^
rote
ftev Zvv
Kat viro'CvyioiQ
''nnrotq
"7roiri"T". iKavrjv
*'
In
one
day
the
he
made
passage and
cient suffithe
for
beasts
of burden
horses."
14.
15.
Repairs of Repairs
of
continue.
road
to
completed the
"
phants eleSt.
"
descend
Arebrigium (Pre
. "
% 6
Didier)
90
*
110, "c.
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
101
Distance.
M. P.
Day.
Brought forward
rd drjpla.
90
....
C.55.
yaye
"
With
a
in difficuUy
three
days,having
the
suffered
elephants
irdaav
C.56.
^^^* through.
16.
ofxov
rrjv
Kare/Satve. hvvafXLV,
"
But
Hannibal,
having got
the
all
his
"
forces from
17. 18.
descent"
Arebrigium, (Pre
continued.
ctTTO
Didier.)
March
TpiTOLiOQ
T(t)V
TrpoetprjjJieviov Kprjfxvujy
c.
56.
cTriTre^wy.
after the La
57
On
the
third
day
above-
mentioned
(at precipices,
passage,
Tuille,)
he touched
having completedthe
the
plains."
c.56.
v7r"p(3oXrjy i^fxepaig
main pass
irevre
kcli
^efca,
of the
And ITaoov
*'
now
Kari^^i^
Kai
to
ac roX^i^pwc
ra
Trspi
tov
^*
^^*
irecia,
tCjv
i^^voq, 'laofi^pwv
the
He
descended the
into fearlessly
plains
Insu-
about
Po,
and
the
nation
of the
Polybiuscloses
and
page
the
of
count ac-
of the march
*
the mention
112.
the
See
Note,
102
THE
MARCIf
OF
HANNIBAL.
Insubrian
Gauls
is
as
one
crossed
Graian
Alp, and
that the Po
descended
of valley into
Salassi, for
of plains
valley debouches
that
pied occu-
formerlyby valleysof
and Susa
"
the
Cottian
descend Some
upon
the
country of the
may be
Taurini. from
so
fresh evidence
gleaned
wed la,
the other
words,
rd
t6v Trspl
Ua^ov
in
of
Italy
to
first
of the
it
Po, says it
ii.
c.
turns
"
towards
the
east, when
16.
reaches
roTTOuc,
"
"
the
cttitteSouc
EKKXlvag rw
the
pLvfxari npog
eu),
di avrtLv (piperai
reaching
If
that
it plains,
its stream
flows
through
the
to
towards
are
by
these
words has
an
we
stand underat
the
river
not
arrived
the
until plains,
is clear
it takes the
direction,it easterly
the
in Polybius's estimation, plains, tian not anywhere at the foot of the Cotare the foot of Alp, but that they are near Graian ceiving Alp, because a little before re-
that
the that
Dora Po
Baltea, which
flows
to
from
ward. east-
Alp, the
The
begins
to
turn
the
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
103
he likens the to which triangle,* Italy that is,it rises at shape of Northern of the Alps and the Apennines. the junction the apex of the
"
"
Thence,"
he
says,
"
it flows
as are
down
towards the
"
the
course
if towards
south.''
words
astounding
"
cause be-
Po
stream" of
Ljg
"17 1
north.
Surely,instead
to
we OUght fxzar]fx^Qiav
read,
wc
CLTTO
although lj,E(Trjlj,(5piag ;
would
not
even
this
alteration
convey
satisfactory perfectly
route
meaning.
of
of
2,000
for ages
considered
less. hope-
The
component
roads,
puzzle,
time,
seemed
space,
mountains,
fusion. conjumbled together in inexplicable the narrative was Latin guide, In our
at
variance In
Pure
our
with Greek
its
authorities
and
with
itself.
"
guide,
the
held description
placeof
a
names."
But
The
within
these few
years
in the all Po
line of march
the
apex
of this
is figure
of neighbourhood
Col
have the
d'Argentiere.Pliny,and
the assigned
subsequent geographers,
to
birth
of the
Monte
Viso, selecting
ing follow-
mountain highest
the stream
by Polybius,
the
which
most
the
longestcourse,
Maira, is
perhapsthe
correct.
104
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
has
been
pointed
and
in
out,
supported
accordance and almost
by
with
sound
reasoning,
tale
as
perfect
faithful
the
told
by
its
porary contem-
If,
of
in
adding
passage
of
any of
new
as
place
the
"
the
at
Tarascon* stadia of of
propriety
the
measuring previous
of
to
800
along
the Isere
river,"
the march the
passage
the of
"
army that
by
town
way
Cularo,
and if
capture
and,
"
lastly,
by
to
thus the
obtaining Polybian
closer
approximation
and
a
tances, diswith
complete
the
correspondence
march,
at
time be
throughout
considered the
as
this all
treatise
in
may
ravelling un-
having
the
assisted of its
mystery,
object
author
is
accomplished.
The
author
in
has
evidently
page
21.
"
not
seen
the
little
work
alluded
to
the
note
Ed.
106
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
both
eager
for
the
fight.
across.
Roman,
a
upon
The
his
army
both
partieshad
advanced
c.
littlefarther,
tov
65.
TTOTafxoVy
eK
tov
irpoq
Pwjuatot,
^e^iov^"
*
TOV
povv
no
01
Kap^r/Soviot.
as
We
have
information
him
to
where
Scipiocrossed
he
the
Po.
Livy
from
makes
land of the
at
Genoa, when
upon
hastened
back
the mouth
was
Rhone towards
that discovering
Hannibal
in full march
the Graian
at
Alp.
In But
have
crossed the Po
Placentia.
us more
best
than thence
that
he
landed
Pisa, and
passed
the
from
"through Tyrrhenia,"or
which
at
was
"through Italy." In
of
or
this case,
takingup
Modena,
from
to
troops stationed
in
Ariminum
(Rimini)
would the
a
engaged
Pisa
to
watching
the
Boii, he
across
have
gone
Arezzo, and
thence
Tit. Liv.
Apennines
road
near
piniantribe,by
Arno,
then
not
the
of the the
Tyber
and
and
He mona; Crewas
^^" 2i^"c^*
used by unfrequently
to cross
Romans.
would
have
the
Po
between
Modena and
Modena
Placentia
account
that
"
time
considered
on impracticable
of its
marshes
army
most
the marshes
through which
this
an
Hannibal
Dr.
carried his
has the
the
Cramer, who
his work upon
to
elucidated satisfactorily
ancient But
pointin
invaluable
geogTaphy of
lian traveller.
or
Italy
"
book
the 1 taat
whether
Scipiocrossed
; in
the Po
mona Crehe
Placentia been
is of little moment
would the
have
Ticinus, in
neighbourhoodof
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
107
"
They
both
advanced the
Carthaginians
words
;
their
right."
from
arises difficulty
these
being
tainly, cer-
usually applied to
the
a
Ticinus
which
althoughat
been the with
**
considerable mentioned. of
a
interval,had
We
are
fused conas
side
described
towards
course
Alps," while
right angle
side towards
at
in river itself,
the
Alps, presents
;
neither and
and from
we are
those
mountains
surprised
had the and
now
discovering Scipio
Hannibal, who
the
east
been other
approachingone
from the west,
north situations
suddenly in
other understand nobler
south if
we
of
each
upon
irapa
"
the
t6v
to
Ticinus,
But
as
might
the
HoTa^ov,
Po*
"
appliedto
river,
had
is
the
of which
frequent
with
mention
been
made
already,whereas
to
the Ticinus
in connexion
broken in his
down,
afterwards
pear, disap-
Just
as
the Rhone
had been
is called
Trorafxoy
c. 50.) (ill.
though al-
the Isere
108
THE
MARCH
OF
HANNIBAL.
Adspice
Mortales
! namqiie hebetat
omnem, visus
quae
nunc
obducta
circum
tuenti
et humida tibi,
nubem Caligat,
ereptam.
We Po
now
the
armies the
along the
The their
"on
Alps."
on
Romans,
left
" "
of course,
the
stream
the
it to road
their
right
in
along
direct
to
a
by which,
eagerness
engage,
sought
it may
meeting.
be
in addition
on
bius,
the
Battle
Ticinus," but
Polyb. Keliq. X.
rriV
,
the
the Po."
ITTTTO-
TTEpl
TOV
IIAAON
KoXoVfXEVOV TTOTa/ULOV
Such followed
in 1820.
at
a
least
were
the
conclusions
which
(which
threaten
seems
present almost
an
disposed to
rather than
the
traveller with
modern
opportunityof
warfare,
examination
a more
the
country,
it is
that possible
to
some
attentive remarks.
inspection may
lead
better
NOTE
S.
yj^
The
St.
Note
1, page
99.
valley
between
Ay
me
and and
the
foot
;
of
the
Little
Bernard
becomes
with
set
confined pass
rugged by
and
con-esponds
where
so rowly nar-
completely
Hannibal
was
the upon
described
the
Polybius,
and is the
by
mountaineers, Here,
too, been
escaped
XevKoTrerpov,
destruction.
which
so
famous The
ri
much
has
not
built. that
genius
of
the
language
be
does
require
"
irept
a
XevKOTTCTpov
rock."
a
should
translated
"
absolutely
silice in its
upon
"
white
"
It
nuda,''
upon
"
bare
to
rock,"
find
at
without
the
necessity of
being
white."
"
But
white
near
gypsum the
very
the
roche of
blanche,"
a
or
Polybius speaks
to
XevKOTrerpov, is
a
too
tempting
and
even
coincidence
to
be
resigned
upon it
without
struggle;
inhuman.
throw
doubt
might
that
to to must
some
appear
TL
It
must
be does
acknowledged
seem
also,
allude order
TTcpl
07ie
XevKOTrerpoy
oxvpov
really to
rock." army, In
particular
"
commanding
passage the
of of
bare the
on
protect effectuallythe
have either taken the
occupied
rocks
some one
both
rock the
to
the
defile, or
commanded have
the
"
possession
pass, and
alone
from him.
which
enemy have
to
might occupied
particularlyharassed
roche blanche"
Now,
seem
by itself,would
each side
have
been there
of
the
valley
^^^^
y^^-^ ^-^^
-^
'^I^
^^
-
110
NOTES.
presents
about
an
of equal facility
attack. and
But
there is
a
rock
markable re-
between half-way
one,
Aynie
St. Maurice,
very the
into descendingperjjendicularly
road small
from
the north
side of the
which
very
body
of
men
of
whole
army.
Note
*
2, fage
100. of
The
Hannibal
standing
of plains
upon
Alps,
and
animatingthe drooping
the the remarkable
long been
the whole
most
story, and
triumphant argument
which the
plainsof
not
We
have
been
any
a
sured asrepeatedly
they are
the
visible from
alpinepass,
much traveller
not
from
Grand
St.
Bernard,
at
than
one,
namesake.
To
every
cepting (ex-
blessed with
vision. poetic
the storm's career. hundred realms
he
And Looks
this is
on high,above placed
downward, where
an
appear,)
knows
the
well
sinuosities of the
how
the uniformly
a
highestpart
of
any
pass, is
But
only
gorge
rounded sur-
by higher summits.
not
the words
of
Polybiusdo
saw or
convey the
any
assertion positive
that Hannibal
We
are
either
showed
of plains
the Po.
troops
C.54.
he discouraged,
endeavoured
to
them
by
means
of
"
one
under upon
sort
the together,"
the rd whole
rov
mountains of Wdcov
appear
to
be
acropolisto
Italy. Whereupon,
ireZia, indicating
"
avroLq ev^eiKvvfievoQ
Trepi
NOTES.
Ill
to
them
the
plainsof
the
Po," remindingthem
Gauls
of the perfectly
who
same
^^'
to describing
he itself,"
ceeded suc-
in
their reviving
There
a
is
nothingmore
his
of
in
made
speechto
the
nature
them
in
general way
as
the He
of which, acropolis
it were,
they were
the
New
then
described
first the
of plains
just below
by
itself. In
their allies ;
the
and
of position
speechesat previous
had used in the
same
and Cai-thage,
the Rhone, he
bius
ai'guments, which
manner.
Poly-
records
much
the
same
It is been
worthyof
necessary
revive
the
of spirits
the
army,
and
the have
plainsof the Po
been
no
had
been really
to
there visible,
would
occasion
must
call
an
pointout
man
what
been
apparent
to
in the army.
Note
3, page
100.
Absconduntur
autem
altero (Vergilise)
et
die trigessimo
nono
post autumnale
Octobris." The
the and
"
quod equinoctium,
in the time
fere conficitur
Cal.
Columel, ii. 8.
of the
difference
achronical Hannibal
or
of setting
Pleiades
between
the
period of
not
Polybius,
that of Columella,
would
be considerable.
Note
4, page
of curious In
The road
situation and
form in
one
nature
impediment
convincing
extract
in
the
of the most
stances circumDe
the
so
whole
march.
from
Saussure,
historian
M.
Deluc, the
of the
of the
almost
the
very
words
historian of Hannibal
; and
yet it is
probablethat nothing
1 IS
NOTES.
was
farther from
the mind
of the
than philosopher
the work
of
Polybius.
Note
5, page
been
teeth
101.
Some
importancehas
and
attached
to
the
circumstance
in
some
of
the
bones elephants'
having been
The the
found
of
alpine streams;
but
the
of discovery
these
seems
nature geological
mountains SQiTounding
of this sort not, among
of discovery
any
the
higherAlps
from
very
unlikely. It
any
does
however, appear
Polybiusthat
of
of Hannibal's
Alps,although they
The
to
from
want one,
browse.
death
of
is recorded
snow-storm
have
occurred
consequence
iii. c. 74.
of the
severe
and
frost at
the
The
elephants employed by
"
from
India
of The
so, at
least, we
or
may
infer
xi.
from
the
circumstance
their
cornacks,
attendants,
the
Indians.
Indian
elephantwas
and
best
battle between
Antiochus
Ptolemy
a
Philoof
party of Indian
which elephants,
elephants overthrew
could
not
body
endure
the
smell, the
adversaries
distinct
to
have
escaped
nized recog-
the
discrimination
of
Linnaeus, but
the
names
they have
of the
been
by
and natives of
Cuvier
under
Elephas Capensis.
Africa,and
have
as
Had
Hannibal's
any
of their
they might
but would
stand
been
identified with
of the
being
chance
Indian
breed, their
grinders
of
of
being confounded
those of the
lineaments wavy
in the fossil
the elephant
of
the
are grinders
by distinguished
lines,
formed
is also the