98th Annual

New York State Archaeological Association

Annual Meeting April 1111-13th, 2014 Holiday Inn, Oneonta, NY

Drawing of an archaeological excavation by Ted Whitney, 1964

Co-hosted by the Upper Susquehanna and Chenango Chapters, NYSAA

Conference Schedule Friday - April 11th 10:00 2:00 New York Archaeological Council (NYAC) Board Meeting 1:00 5:00 Book Room 12:00 5:00 Registration Desk Conference Center Lobby 1:00-4:00 Afternoon Tours Tour 1- Friday 1-4 pm : The Yager Museum at Hartwick Collage will be providing guided tours of their exhibits, including the impressive Upper Susquehanna/Yager Collection of prehistoric artifacts as well as an exhibit on Native American containers, baskets and pottery which will coincide with the meeting. Current Hartwick College student projects from their collections will also be on display. Tour 2- Friday 1-4 pm : The Roland B. Hill Memorial Museum of Archaeology in Otego, NY will be offering guided tours of the Hill Museum, which has been operated by the Upper Susquehanna Chapter, NYSAA since 1976. Displays depicting prehistoric life in the Upper Susquehanna Valley are highlighted along with an impressive collection of artifacts from the region. There is no charge or sign up necessary for either of the above tours. The museums are only a few miles apart and participants are encouraged to visit both museums with time permitting. 1:15 3:00 3:00 5:00 5:00 6:30 6:00 7:30 7:30 on NYAC General Meeting NYAC Program NYSAA Fellows / Awards Committee Meeting Dinner NYSAA General Business Meeting

Paper and Poster Sessions Saturday April 12th 7:00 9:00 Breakfast 8:00 5:00 Book Room 9:00 5:00 pm Flintknapping/Early Technology Demonstrations (Douglas Idleman, Al Stark, Andrea Lodavice and other members of the Upper Susquehanna Chapter will be demonstrating flintknapping, atlatl and cordage making techniques throughout the Saturday morning and afternoon sessions in the grassy area to the east of the building. Demonstrations will be relocated to the book room in the event of inclement weather. 8:45 8:55 Welcome to the conference by Sherene B. Baugher Pres.-NYSAA, David Moyer, (Host Chapters/Program Chair) Morning Session 1- Papers in Paleoindian and Archaic Period Studies 9:00 9:20 Van Nest, Juliann (New York State Museum): Geoarchaeological Ramifications of a Buried Late Pleistocene Tundra Paleosol in the Glacial Lake Albany Basin, Saratoga County, New York. 9:20 9:40 Lothrop, Jonathan C. (New York State Museum), James W. Bradley (Archlink), Meredith H. Younge (New York State Museum), Susan WinchellSweeney (New York State Museum): Paleoindian Occupations in Central New York 9:40 10:00 Diamond, Joseph (SUNY New Paltz/Mid-Hudson Chapter) and Thomas Amorosi (SUNY New Paltz/American Museum of Natural History): A Preliminary Assessment of the Huyler Rockshelter; A Middle Archaic to Contact Period Rockshelter on the Hudson River, Town of Hyde Park, Dutchess County, NY. 10:00 10:20 Kudrle, Sam (Public Archaeology Facility, Binghamton University): The John Moore Farm Site: Late Archaic to Transitional Camps at the Confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers 10:20-10:40 Break Morning Session 2- Papers in Historical Archaeology 10:40 11:00 Staley, David (New York State Museum): A Poseidon Adventure: 2013 Archaeology of Chenango Canal Lock #3, Utica, New York. 11:00 11:20 Keegan, Barry (Van Epps-Hartley Chapter): A New Look at Old Gunflints 11:20 11:40 Kozub, Andrea (Public Archaeology Facility, Binghamton University): The Signatures and Significance of Pig Pens.

11:40 Noon Abel, Timothy (Clinton Community College/ Thousand Islands Chapter): "I wish you could see the style in which we live" Archaeology of a Soldier's Cabin at Cantonment Saranac, Plattsburgh, New York. Noon-1:40 PM Lunch

Afternoon Session 1- Papers in Precontact Archaeology 1:40 2:00 Twigg, Deb (Susquehanna River Archaeological Center): Faces From Our Past 2:00 2:20 Walker,Renee B., Cynthia J. Klink and Nicole S. Weigel (SUNY Oneonta): Pine Lake: A Multi-Component site in Delaware County, New York 2:20 2:40 Weigel, Nicole S. (SUNY Oneonta): Whats the Point? Evaluating the use of Projectile Point Typologies at Pine Lake

2:40 3:00 Patinka, Bryanna and Sam Rubacka (Fayetteville-Manlius High School Archaeology Club) Collaborative Archaeology at an Onondaga Site: Training Future Archaeologists.
3:00-3:40 Poster Session/Coffee Break Poster Session: The Pine Lake Archaeological Project (Sponsored by the SUNY Oneonta Department of Anthropology)

Combining Archaeology, Sedimentology, and GPR Stratigraphy To Elucidate Floodplain Development, Charlotte Creek, NY. Leslie Hasbargen, Cynthia Klink, Renee Walker, and Emmon Johnson (SUNY Oneonta), Pits, Posts and People: An Analysis of Features at Pine Lake. Kasey Heiser (SUNY Oneonta) Exploring the Archaic period at the Pine Lake Archaeological site. Cynthia J. Klink, Nicole S. Weigel, and Renee B. Walker (SUNY Oneonta) Utilizing Experimental Use-Wear Analysis as an Aid for Identifying Artifact Functions at the Pine Lake Archaeological Site Randoulth L. Palmer (SUNY Oneonta) Pine Lake Archaeology Field School Holley Reynolds (Hartwick College), Amanda Phelps, and Marielle Genovesi (SUNY Oneonta)

Afternoon Session 2- Historical Archaeology in the Greater Hudson Region 3:40 4:00 McQuinn, Corey and Matthew Kirk (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc.): Expanding Prospects of the Past: Archaeology of a 18th-Century Manor Dependency in Albany, NY. 4:00 4:20 Curtain, Edward V. (Curtain Archaeological Consulting, Inc./ Van Epps-Hartley Chapter): Nineteenth Century Life in Albanys South End: The Archaeological Investigation of 70 Broad and 15 Alexander Streets. 4:20 4:40 Luscier Adam (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc): From Water to Honey to Mead: Discovery of an 18th Century Settlement in Ballston NY. 4:40 5:00 Kerain, Madeline B. (Lower Hudson Chapter): The St. Georges/St. Marks Church Site: A Journey from Colonial Wilderness to Modern Suburbia. 5:00 5:10 Q&A from Audience 7:00 8:00 Banquet 8:00 9:15 Keynote speaker: David Starbuck, (Plymouth State University/ Adirondack Chapter, NYSAA): Fighting on the Frontier in America's Colonial Wars 9:15 10:00 NYSAA Awards Ceremony

Sunday, April 13th 7:00 9:00 Breakfast 8:00 12:00 Book Room Morning Session 1- Contributed Papers in New York State Archaeology 9:00 9:20 Hunt, Greg, Marie-Lorraine Pipes and Douglas Pippin (Lewis Henry Morgan Chapter): Investigation of the Belcher Site Results of the L.H. Morgan Chapter 2012 Summer Public Outreach Program. 9:20 9:40 Kociik, Cynthia (Cornell University): Dendrochronology and the Seneca Structures at Letchworth State Park. 9:40 10:00 Lesniak, Matt (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc.): Above the Randall Gravel: The Lock 13 Living History Rest Area Precontact Site. 10:00-10:20 Break

Morning Session 2- Contributed Papers in New York State Archaeology 10:20 10:40 Lenig, Wayne (Van Epps Hartley): Mahicans on the Mohawk 10:40 11:00 Morton, Ann (Morton Archaeological Research Services) Drinking and Driving: The Archaeology of Recreational Deposition. 11:00 11:20 Baugher, Sherene (Cornell University/Finger Lakes Chapter NYSAA): Remembering a Civil War Landscape in Ellmira, New York. 11:20 11:30 Concluding Remarks, David Moyer, Host Chapters/Conference Chair 11:30 1:00 Lunch on your own 1:00 3:00 Afternoon Tour- The Fenimore Art Museum , Cooperstown . Experience a guided tour of the Fenimore Art Museum known for its nationally recognized Thaw Collection of Native American Art. The collection includes some of the finest examples of craftsmanship and artistry collected from across North America . A cost of $14.50 includes admission to the Fenimore Museum and grounds including the restored Seneca log cabin and replica Iroquois long house. Registration is required. Minimum 20 participants. Carpool from the hotel. In addition to the museums extensive Native American collections, participants will have the opportunity to visit other exhibits on New York State history, including papers and artifacts related to the life and writings of James Fenimore Cooper and the famed Van Bergan Overmantle, a large 1730s painting depicting life and architecture in the early 18th century Hudson Valley.

Banquet Speaker: Dr. David Starbuck, Professor of Anthropology, Plymouth State University

Plymouth State University Photo

Fighting on the Frontier in America's Colonial Wars

. David will present some of his favorite archaeological discoveries from the past 30 years, covering archaeological sites from both the French & Indian War and the American Revolution.

Dr. David Starbuck is associate professor of Anthropology and Sociology at Plymouth State University. His many books include The Great Warpath (1999), Massacre at Fort William Henry (2002), Neither Plain nor Simple: New Perspectives on the Canterbury Shakers (2003), Rangers and Redcoats on the Hudson (2004), and Excavating the Sutlers House (2010).

Abstracts
Saturday April 12th Morning Session 1- Papers in Paleoindian and Archaic Period Studies 9:00 9:20 Geoarchaeological Ramifications of a Buried Late Pleistocene Tundra Paleosol in the Glacial Lake Albany Basin, Saratoga County, New York. Julieann Van Nest (New York State Museum/NYSAA Van Epps Hartley Chapter) During routine archaeological evaluations in 2007 a Late Pleistocene paleosol exhibiting features indicative of a tundra-like paleoenvironmental upland setting was discovered buried beneath the eastern edge of the Clifton Park dune field (Van Nest and Gade 2008). In this presentation I will describe the predictive geoarchaeological modeling that we used to find this paleosol, and review the key stratigraphic and pedogenic (soil) attributes of this buried soil. There are many interesting leads suggesting that this paleosol may be related to some of the sections historically mined as the Albany Molding Sand, the better-quality deposits once a prized commodity dug by hand with shovels moving the headwall back. I will present some of the historical imagery and reported geological data that I came across during my brief review, in the hope that NYSAA members knowledgeable about this topic might come forward with additional information or a possible field locale where a section might be observed. 9:20 9:40 Paleoindian Occupations in Central New York. Jonathan C. Lothrop (New York State Museum), James W. Bradley (Archlink), Meredith H. Younge (New York State Museum), Susan Winchell-Sweeney (New York State Museum) In 1957 and 1965, William A. Ritchie published data on geographic distributions of Paleoindian sites and points recorded for the New York region. Discrete clusters of sites and artifacts were apparent, with the greatest density of fluted bifaces on the Ontario Lake Plain in central New York. Subsequent research by Jim Bradley, Robert Funk and Beth Wellman documented additional Paleoindian point discoveries in this central portion of the state. Most recently, as part of the New York Paleoindian Database Project, NYSM researchers have been working with NYSAA members across the state to record additional Paleoindian points and sites. These new data substantiate this central New York area as a concentration of both fluted (circa 13-11,600 Cal BP) and parallel flaked or "Plano" (circa 11,600-10,000 Cal BP) Paleoindian points. This patterning is especially striking because the Ontario Plain in central New York was one of the last regions to be exposed after draining of proglacial Lake Iroquois, perhaps only three to four centuries before human colonization. Here, we describe these additional data on distribution and chronology of Paleoindian points and sites for central New York, and offer preliminary interpretations of this patterning.

9:40 10:00 A Preliminary Assessment of the Huyler Rockshelter; A Middle Archaic to Contact Period Rockshelter on the Hudson River, Town of Hyde Park, Dutchess County, NY. Diamond, Joseph (SUNY New Paltz/Mid-Hudson Chapter) and Thomas Amorosi (SUNY New Paltz/American Museum of Natural History) The Huyler Rockshelter is a large west-facing overhang approximately 100 feet from the eastern shore of the Hudson River. Excavations from c. 1932 into the 1980s by members of the Mid-Hudson Chapter of NYSAA have yielded abundant evidence of occupations ranging from the Neville Phase to artifacts of Dutch manufacture that were obtained by the Wappingers during the first half of the 17th century. Ceramics from the site consist of over 30 distinct vessels ranging in age from Vinette 1 to Kingston Incised. Faunal remains include large amounts of sturgeon, deer, mediumsized mammals, turtle, freshwater mussel, and oysters. The latter were excavated at a depth of 74-81 cm below the surface, and at this time are thought to be the most northern examples of a saltwater bivalve species recovered archaeologically in the Hudson River Estuary. 10:00 10:20 The John Moore Farm Site: Late Archaic to Transitional Camps at the Confluence of the Susquehanna and Chenango Rivers. Sam Kudrle, (Public Archaeology Facility, Binghamton University) From the fall of 2011 through the summer of 2012 the Public Archaeology Facility (PAF) completed Phase 3 data recovery excavations at the prehistoric John Moore Farm site in the City of Binghamton, Broome County, New York. The site is situated on a alluvial terrace adjacent to the Susquehanna River, just west of the confluence with the Chenango River. PAF archaeologists recovered an abundance of prehistoric artifacts and sixteen cultural features during unit excavation and topsoil stripping/scraping. Diagnostic projectile points, steatite, and AMS dating suggested a series of Late Archaic and Transitional period camps at the site. Debitage analysis indicated a focus on biface production and maintenance. Neutron Activation Analysis of steatite sherds linked the sit to several Mid-Atlantic (southern Pennsylvania and Maryland) quarry areas, suggesting connections to hubs of trade and interaction within the Chesapeake Bay region. As part of the data recovery report, a GIS-assisted landscape model (based on a number of environmental variables) was constructed for the Upper Susquehanna Valley watershed. Significant variables linked to prehistoric site locations included elevation, slope, distance to water, distance to confluences, and either floodplain or outwash landforms. Results from the GIS-assisted model indicated that the John Moore Farm site occupies landforms classified as optimal based on the selected environmental variables. The combination of analyses contributed to our understanding of Late Archaic and Transitional land use patterns and regional interactions within and beyond the Susquehanna Valley. 10:20-10:40 Break

Morning Session 2- Papers in Historic Archaeology 10:40 11:00 A Poseidon Adventure: 2013 Archaeology of Chenango Canal Lock #3, Utica, New York. David Staley (New York State Museum): New York State Museums Cultural Resource Survey Program conducted data recovery excavations at the 1026-1028 Lincoln Ave. site in Utica, N.Y. relative to the NYSDOTs North-South Arterial Project. Initial focus for investigations was on backyard midden and features related to the 19th and 20th century households. Remnants of the canal prism, lock, spillway, raceway, and several canal side privies were discovered deeply buried under late 19th century fills. Much of the wooden infrastructure was well preserved due to having been submerged and waterlogged. Excavations revealed details pertaining to original construction in 1835, subsequent modifications and repairs, and abandonment after 1878. Despite the preliminary stage of analyses, new revelations regarding this transportation system, neighborhood and landscape development, and sanitation infrastructure are presented. 11:00 11:20 A New Look at Old Gunflints. Barry Keegan (Van Epps- Hartley Chapter) {Abstract Forthcoming} 11:20 11:40 The Signatures and Significance of Pig Pens. Andrea Kozub, (Public Archaeology Facility, Binghamton University) Animal pens, and pig sties in particular, were an integral part of the historic farm landscape, and a frequent fixture on many domestic house lots. Despite their near ubiquity in these contexts, the location of an animal pen may not always be apparent with standard unit excavation. This paper outlines several strategies for identifying the subsurface traces of pig pens, and discusses the interpretive values of pens identified within the domestic spaces of three farmsteads in upstate New York. 11:40 Noon "I wish you could see the style in which we live" Archaeology of a Soldier's Cabin at Cantonment Saranac, Plattsburgh, New York. Timothy Abel (Clinton Community College/ Thousand Islands Chapter) The Zagreb site in Plattsburgh, NY is a War of 1812 archaeological component associated with Cantonment Saranac, the winter encampment of Gen. Dearborns First Brigade from November 1812 until May 1813. Under the provisional command of Col. Zebulon Pike, it was destroyed by the British in July 1813 and never rebuilt. Since 2011, archaeologists and students from Clinton Community College have conducted excavations at the Zagreb site, revealing a modest structure with several architectural features apparent. Artifacts found in the cabin corroborate the documentary record of the camp's destruction in the summer of 1813, as well as giving details about

the lives of soldiers that occupied it. This evidence, combined with historical accounts, paints a picture of misery for the army camped there 200 years ago. Afternoon Session 1- Papers in Precontact Archaeology 1:40 2:00 Faces From Our Past. Deb Twigg, (Susquehanna River Archaeological Center, Waverly, NY) As the Susquehanna River winds just a few miles south of the Englebert site in Nichols, NY, it passes by the the lesser known Murray Garden site, in Athens, PA. This site is deemed to be one of the earliest ProtoSusquehannock sites known to date by professionals, and according to Twigg is the starting point to any research into the origins of the Suquehannock people. A stone box grave, turtle rattle, copper spiral, and Mississippian style pottery are just some of the interesting artifacts found at this site. A new discovery of a human face effigy on one of the pots published and described by Wren in 1914 as a False Face seems to match another found at Indiana's (Caborn-Welborn) Bone Bank site, and may have uncovered new insight into the Mississippian demise and early Iroquoian and Susquehannock beginnings. 2:00 2:20 Pine Lake: A Multi-Component site in Delaware County, New York Renee B. Walker, Cynthia J. Klink and Nicole S. Weigel (SUNY Oneonta) The Pine Lake site is located on Charlotte Creek near its confluence with the Susquehanna River. The site has been periodically inhabited by prehistoric hunter-gatherers for over 8,000 years and this earliest occupation is represented by a short-term camp on the ridge between Charlotte Creek and Pine Lake. Later occupations, particularly during the Late Archaic period from 3,000-4,000 years ago, represent a more intensive occupation on the floodplain of Charlotte Creek. The site's location adjacent to a variety of different ecosystems ranging from forested upland, peat bog, freshwater lake, marsh, the river and its floodplain provided many resources. Features from the site are generally associated with cooking, such as hearths and fire pits. In addition, several post molds were discovered, indicating several structures were present at the site. Many stone tools were recovered from the site and represent a variety of activities, including hunting, grinding seeds and nuts, and fishing. The site has been excavated as a field school for SUNY Oneonta and Hartwick College students every two years since 2003. Students work in the field five days a week, learning basic excavation methods, mapping, and field recording techniques. Students also conducted laboratory analysis, learning procedures necessary for processing and preserving the materials recovered. Excavations at Pine Lake strive to promote a greater understanding of and appreciation for Native American cultural traditions and enable students to put textbook knowledge of archaeological procedures into practice.

2:20 2:40 Whats the Point? Evaluating the use of Projectile Point Typologies at Pine Lake. Weigel, Nicole S. (SUNY Oneonta) (Abstract Forthcoming) 2:40 3:00 Collaborative Archaeology at an Onondaga Site: Training Future Archaeologists. Bryanna Patinka and Sam Rubacka (Fayetteville-Manlius High School Archaeology Club) In cooperation with Colgate University staff and with local Haudenosaunee, the Fayetteville-Manlius Archaeology Club is honored to be excavating the Broadfield site in Manlius, NY. Part of our mission is to educate the community about the Onondaga people who inhabited the site around 550 years ago. As officers of FMHS Archaeology club we have had the unique opportunity to collaborate with the Onondaga on our annual middle school Archaeology Camp. This camp is important because it fosters public understanding and allows young people to learn about and appreciate Native American culture. With the proper education that this camp provides we hope to resolve issues such as looting and to preserve sites for educational purposes. We hope that we can inspire and foster an environment of respect and preservation. 3:00 3:40 Poster Session/Coffee Break POSTER SESSION Sponsored by the SUNY Oneonta Department of Anthropology Combining Archaeology, Sedimentology, and GPR Stratigraphy To Elucidate Floodplain Development, Charlotte Creek, NY. Leslie Hasbargen, Cynthia Klink, Renee Walker, and Emmon Johnson (SUNY Oneonta), This paper documents the stratigraphy of a floodplain at the Pine Lake Environmental Campus of Hartwick College, by Charlotte Creek near Davenport, NY. The floodplain lies between the active channel and the hummocky topography of a moraine. Ice from the last glacial period retreated from this area about 14-12 kyr, which places an upper age limit on the floodplain. Humans utilized the floodplain intermittently. A few artifacts exhumed from the area date from 9700-8000 BP and 5000 BP, but most correspond either to 4000-1000 BP, or post-European settlement. The floodplain is a site of ongoing archeological excavations for a field school run jointly by Hartwick College and SUNY Oneonta. We conducted A GPR survey (500 MHz antenna) to facilitate location of potential excavations. The survey comprised a series of 1 m spaced profiles, where shot density along each profile was 0.025 m. The radar stratigraphy reveals laterally continuous humps and hollows, as well as localized reflectors, which we interpret as longitudinal bars, channels and clusters of cobbles respectively. The summer 2009 field school penetrated several of these features. We present here a comparison between radar stratigraphy, photographic appearance, and sedimentologic characteristics of several excavations in the floodplain. We

find a high degree of fidelity between isolated radar reflectors and cobbles. In addition, radar stratigraphy maps well to contacts between layers of silt and sand or gravel. The emerging picture of floodplain development is complicated. The presence of bars and channels in the shallow subsurface (< 1.3 m) raises the possibility of intermittent stream occupation of the floodplain, which leads to strong diachroneity in the deposits. Equating age with depth or distance from the modern channel is not possible. We view the modern floodplain as a shattered record in an active zone of erosion, transport and deposition that extends at least to 1.3 m depth. The relatively flat appearance of its presentday surface belies the stochastic character of floodplain deposition and preservation. Vertical and lateral accretion occurs over time in the presence of intermittent scour from abrupt shifts in channel location as well as lateral migration of the channel. Pits, Posts and People: An Analysis of Features at Pine Lake. Kasey Heiser (SUNY Oneonta) The archaeological site of Pine Lake is located on Charlotte Creek, which is a tributary of the Susquehanna River in Davenport, NY. Pine Lake is a multicomponent site with occupations ranging from the Late Archaic to the Historic period. Current excavations are focused on the Late Archaic component. Excavations during a series of field schools began in 1973 and continued in 1979,1989 and 1991. After a brief hiatus the field school resumed in 2003 and has run every other year since with a joint Hartwick and SUNY Oneonta team. The data analyzed and presented here was collected during field schools from 2005-2011. Before the features could be analyzed using paper work and photos from the field schools, a set of definitions had to be created. These definitions defined the various feature functions, what shape they should be and what things they generally should or should not contain within them. Once an interpretation was reached, features were then mapped using the computer program Corel Draw. Feature drawings were situated on a map of the Pine Lake site and were color coded to feature type so the map could be easily read. Based on this final map that was created many things can be deducted. We can better understand how features are related to each other and what various parts of the site may have been used for in the past. This also provides information to influence our decisions as to where we excavate next. Exploring the Archaic period at the Pine Lake Archaeological Site. Cynthia J. Klink, Nicole S. Weigel, and Renee B. Walker (SUNY Oneonta) The Pine Lake site is a multicomponent site situated on the Charlotte Creek floodplain and located on Hartwick Colleges Pine Lake Environmental campus, in Davenport, New York. Archaeological testing indicates the site has been used periodically from perhaps as early as the Early Archaic through the historic period. Since 2003, research done through the joint

Hartwick College and SUNY-Oneonta Archaeological Field School has focused on the Late Archaic occupation of the site, which appears to be the period of greatest site use. Late Archaic materials appear restricted to the western margin of the floodplain furthest from the modern channel of Charlotte Creek and concentrate in a layer we refer to as the cultural stratum. Here we: 1) describe the statigraphy in the Late Archaic portion of the site and the characteristics of the cultural stratum; 2) present radiocarbon and diagnostic artifact evidence for dating these deposits; and 3) point out unusual aspects of the artifact assemblage from this portion of the site, including the presence of rare artifacts such as sandstone bowls, beads, and incised pieces. Utilizing Experimental Use-Wear Analysis as an Aid for Identifying Artifact Functions at the Pine Lake Archaeological Site Randoulth L. Palmer (SUNY Oneonta) The SUCO Anthropology Department students and faculty have been excavating the Pine Lake Archaeological Site (PLAS) since 2003, where radiocarbon dating documents the predominant usage of the area taking place between 2500 1500 B.C. during the Archaic Period. As is consistent with other Northeastern sites from this timeframe, organic material preservation is virtually non-existent at PLAS, but did contain an abundance of flaked stone tools made of Onondaga chert, Esopus chert, and sandstone (OC, EC, and SS). As preserved organic material is lacking, these stone tools are the only data set available from which to reconstruct the subsistence activities that took place at Pine Lake. However, no studies documenting usewear on OC, EC, and SS have been conducted and thus making it impossible to determine the function of these tools. Reliable use-wear analysis of stone tool artifacts has the potential to help make interpretations about resource processing and subsistence activities that took place at the sites (Grace, 1996). The focus of the research was to conduct use-wear experiments with replica stone tools of OC, EC, and SS for various activities, including working with meat, fish, hide, wood and grass. Upon completion of the experiments, the tools were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically to catalog differences between indicated use activities and to deduce the contact materials they were exposed to. Pine Lake Archaeology Field School Holley Reynolds (Hartwick College), Amanda Phelps, and Marielle Genovesi (SUNY Oneonta) Our poster presentation will highlight our experiences at the Pine Lake Archaeology Field School in Davenport, NY. The field school is held every other summer as a joint venture between Hartwick College and SUNY Oneonta. The site is thought to be a prehistoric Lamoka seasonal hunting camp on the floodplains of Charlotte Creek. Throughout the month-long experience, students learn a variety of skills including basic excavation techniques, mapping skills, soil identification, and laboratory skills such as artifact analysis and cataloging. This prepares students for careers in archaeology and similar fields, particularly cultural resource management. In

the presentation, we will discuss our most notable findings, such as large hearth features and a variety of stone tools. We will also discuss the importance of community archaeology as we experienced it at the site, particularly through our involvement with the Oneonta World of Learning. Our experience at Pine Lake has been invaluable, and we have been able to apply it to many other aspects of our lives, including class work, internships, and prospective job opportunities. Despite the weather challenges that we faced for most of the month, there were many opportunities for us to learn how to work through these types of challenges. When the site flooded from creek overflow, we were able to spend more time catching up on work in the lab. On several other occasions we dug shovel test pits further up in the woods, particularly in rockier areas. One of these areas, where we did not expect to find much, yielded Brewerton points, which were unexpected. We look forward to presenting about our experience at Pine Lake field school, and sharing our experiences with everyone who will attend. Afternoon Session 2- Historical Archaeology in the Greater Hudson Region 3:40 4:00 Expanding Prospects of the Past: Archaeology of a 18th-Century Manor Dependency in Albany, NY. Corey McQuinn and Matthew Kirk (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc.) The Ten Broeck Mansion (originally called Prospect for its views of the Hudson Valley) in Albany, New York, was built for Abraham and Elizabeth Ten Broeck in 1798 shortly after a devastating fire burned the family out of their townhouse. The mansion serves as an interpretive house museum administered by the Albany County Historical Association. Between 2011 and 2013, Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc. and volunteers participated in an annual public archaeology event that focuses on examining the remains of a set of dependencies, or formal outbuildings. Acting on information from a newly rediscovered plan of the grounds from the 1830s, archaeologists identified structural remains consistent with a brick, nearly square structure, possibly used as a summer kitchen. Analysis of the site and cultural materials have revealed a formation process history that suggests the dependency was built contemporaneously with the mansion and was torn down in the late 1830s or early 1840s as facilities on the interior of the mansion were modernized and expanded. In addition to identifying a previously unknown archaeological resource on the mansion grounds, the study also expands the interpretive scope of the mansion by giving a broader context for the lives of several enslaved African-Americans. 4:00 4:20 Nineteenth Century Life in Albanys South End: The Archaeological Investigation of 70 Broad and 15 Alexander Streets Edward V. Curtain . (Curtain Archaeological Consulting, Inc./ Van Epps-Hartley Chapter) 70 Broad Street and 15 Alexander Street in the historic South End of Albany, New York are associated with different conditions of the nineteenth century German immigrant experience, resulting in different kinds of households and

artifact assemblages. This paper examines social and economic differences exhibited by the ceramic assemblages, taking into account the relative value and certain other characteristics of the ceramics. This information is discussed in terms of emerging aspirations to middle class status and practices. In addition, distinctive characteristics of the 15 Alexander Street assemblage are explored with respect to the work and political life of one of its residents, a beer merchant and Republican Party operative named Jacob Cook. 4:20 4:40 From Water to Honey to Mead: Discovery of an 18th Century Settlement in Ballston NY. Adam Luscier (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc) During the summer of 2010 Hartgen discovered a previously unknown archeological site in an open field in the Town of Ballston. This field was once part of a large dairy farm and later a junkyard, which many of the local residents remember. However, no one knew that this field contained the buried remains of a 1770s settlement that was the home of Zachariah Mead, one of Ballstons earliest settlers. The Mead Family was quite extensive and a good number of Meads migrated to Eastern New York from Connecticut and Massachusetts during the 18th century. According to a 1908 family history, Zachariah was in Ballston before the Revolution. Our research also found several letters from Mead Family members to the Saratoga County Historian, looking for information on Zachariah. But unfortunately a mapped location of exactly where he settled and written records of his life do not exist. Archeological excavation of this site recovered thousands of artifacts, faunal data and the remains the Meads pioneer house, privies and other structures. Together with historic records, this study has created a vivid picture of the settlement and the life of one of Ballstons pioneer families. This paper details the research and georeferencing used to establish this was Meads home as well as the excavations, artifacts and features of that were used to reconstruct this site. 4:40 5:00 The St. Georges/St. Marks Church Site: A Journey from Colonial Wilderness to Modern Suburbia. Madeline B. Kearin, (Lower Hudson Chapter) The St. Georges/St. Marks Cemetery is the oldest historic site in the town of Mount Kisco in Westchester County, New York. It is the final resting place of more than 400 people, and was occupied by two successive Episcopal churches, St. Georges (17611819) and St. Marks (18521916). St. Georges Church (also known as the North Castle Church) was used as a hospital and an arsenal by General Washingtons troops, was visited by Colonel Banastre Tarleton prior to the Burning of Bedford, and was occupied by General Rochambeau and his army during his meeting with Washington in July 1781. Soldiers killed in the Battle of White Plains are buried in unmarked graves in the southeast corner of the cemetery. Despite its significance, the site is only scantily documented in historical records; most of the churchs

own archives burned in a parsonage fire of 1898.In fall 2013, the Lower Hudson Chapter NYSAA, in partnership with the Mount Kisco Historical Society, launched an archaeological excavation of the St. Georges/St. Marks Church site with the aim of identifying the patterns of activity that shaped the site from its Colonial beginnings, through its military occupation and post-war abandonment and reconstruction, up to the alternating periods of neglect and restoration that have characterized its modern existence. The results of the excavation have illuminated the construction and location of the two churches and the use of the site over two centuries. While most of the artifacts retrieved date from between the late eighteenth and early twentieth centuries, a few are significantly earlier and hint at a possible American Indian presence. Other artifacts corroborate the military use of the church in the Revolution, and connect the site to patterns of local trade and industry as they developed over the nineteenth century. The archaeological investigation demonstrates both the significance of the St. Georges/St. Marks Cemetery as an individual site, with multiple complex phases and multiple ties to different spheres of history, and the value of detailed case studies of local sites in general or microhistory for understanding how historical trends come together on the scale of individual human actions. 8:00 9:15 Keynote speaker: David Starbuck, (Plymouth State University/ Adirondack Chapter,NYSAA): Fighting on the Frontier in America's Colonial Wars Sunday, April 13th Morning Paper Session 1 9:00 9:20 Investigation of the Belcher Site Results of the L.H. Morgan Chapter 2012 Summer Public Outreach Program. Greg Hunt, Marie-Lorraine Pipes and Douglas Pippin (Lewis Henry Morgan Chapter) The Belcher Site is situated on a high terrace above the Honeoye Outlet in the town of Richmond, Ontario County. This site has been interpreted as a habitation or village site based on its location, presence of an extensive midden, close and proximity to a burial ground. The site occupies a naturally defensible bluff measuring approximately to be 300 x 60 with extensive midden deposits lying on the north slope of the hill. A burial ground is located about half a kilometer from the site. Based on analysis of pottery, smoking pipes and lithics recovered during earlier excavations the site was occupied late in prehistory, circa A.D. 1540 to 1560, just prior to the emergence of large amalgamated historic Seneca villages in the region. The L.H. Morgan Chapter, NYSAA, conducted a short field season at the Belcher Site during the summer of 2012. This excavation was part of the chapters ongoing public outreach program. The bluff and midden were investigated using shovel tests and excavation units. The goals were to explore the settlement pattern on the site and to recover a sample of cultural materials in order to confirm or deny the occupation date and to determine whether or not the site was a village or habitation site.

9:20 9:40 Dendrochronology and the Seneca Structures at Letchworth State Park. Kociik, Cynthia (Cornell University) Limited research has been carried out concerning Postcolumbian Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) housing in New York State. The Caneadea council house, Nancy Jemison cabin, and Buffalo Tom Jemison cabin, which have been estimated to date to the late 18th and early 19th centuries, provide an opportunity to expand this area of investigation. These three Seneca log structures were relocated from former reservation lands along the Genesee River to Letchworth State Park in western New York, where the council house and Nancy Jemison cabin now stand on display and the Buffalo Tom Jemison cabin remains dismantled in storage. The Jemison cabins also constitute an important connection to famed captive Mary Jemison: Nancy was one of her daughters, and Buffalo Tom was one of her grandsons. These dwellings form the focus of a masters thesis project employing dendrochronology to determine more precise dates of construction for each building. This marks an innovative application of tree-ring dating in the Northeast, as no other extant Haudenosaunee structures or remnants thereof have been analyzed through this technique. Ethnohistoric and documentary research, examination of architectural features and construction techniques, and the consideration of existing scholarly frameworks for understanding Postcolumbian Haudenosaunee housing and the pathways of selective incorporation of European log construction elements place the dendrochronologically derived dates in context. Such inquiry aims to elucidate the cultural and historical factors affecting housing, including the influences of Moravians, Quakers, and Handsome Lakes social movement, in the Genesee Valley and on broader scales among the Senecas and the Haudenosaunee. 9:40 10:00 Above the Randall Gravel: The Lock 13 Living History Rest Area Precontact Site. Matt Lesniak (Hartgen Archeological Associates, Inc.) Archeological work for a proposed Thruway rest area in Montgomery County, New York identified a small Woodland site containing at least one soil feature extending into B horizon alluvium. The feature contained remains of whitetailed deer, precontact pottery, and a scatter of lithic debitage. Bone collagen from the deers skull provided an AMS date of A.D. 1320 to 1430 (Cal.). The site was located next the Mohawk River near the village of Randall. Soil borings suggest the site was above as much as forty feet of alluvium. Cobbles below the alluvium were part of the Randall Gravel formation, a Late Pleistocene deposit from the IroMohawk River. The area appears to contain a number of Native American sites near the Lock 13 Living History Rest Area site. Despite trenching around the Lock 13 site, no cultural materials have been found in the thick alluvium deeper than 2 feet below the ground surface. The situation of this small site may help to interpret other floodplain deposits in the region.

10:00 10:20 Mahicans on the Mohawk Lenig, Wayne (Van Epps Hartley Chapter NYSAA)

This paper reviews the archaeological evidence for a Native American presence on the Mohawk River flats and terraces between Waterford and Schenectady, N.Y. While no formal archaeological excavations have ever been undertaken, several extant collections of artifacts recovered by amateur archaeologists and relic collectors shed light upon the utilization of this area in Late Woodland times. Ethnohistorical and archaeological evidence suggests that during the 16th-Century the Lower Mohawk was home to one band of Native Americans known in early historical records as the Mahican.
10:40 11:00 Morton, Ann (Morton Archaeological Research Services) Drinking and Driving: The Archaeology of Recreational Deposition. 11:00 11:20 Baugher, Sherene (Cornell University/Finger Lakes Chapter NYSAA): Remembering a Civil War Landscape in Ellmira, New York. Americans are celebrating the 150th anniversary of the Civil War. Heroic battles are remembered and also the tragic events. Andersonville is a familiar name because of the Souths brutal treatment of Union prisoners during the Civil War. The Elmira Prisoner of War Camp for Confederate soldiers was the Andersonville of the North. This site is largely unknown even for residents in Central New York State. It is a sad and brutal history that has been largely forgotten. The site of the camp is now a water treatment plant. The heritage markers by the plant merely acknowledge the existence of the camp. However, the POW camp cemetery with the bodies of almost3,000 confederate prisoners remains intact. An archaeological study reveals a story of the camp, its inmates, and the heroic work of a former slave who gained his freedom and was the caretaker of the cemetery.